――――The father of Menœtius by Ægina, whence Patroclus is called
_Actorides_. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 8.――――A man called also
Aruncus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 93.――――One of the friends
of Æneas. _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 500.――――A son of Neptune by Agameda.
_Hyginus_, fable 14.――――A son of Deion and Diomede. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 9.――――The father of Eurytus, and brother of Augeas.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――――A son of Acastus, one of the
Argonauts. _Hyginus_, fable 14.――――The father of Astyoche. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 2.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 37.――――A king of Lemnos.
_Hyginus_, fable 102.
=Actorĭdes=, a patronymic given to Patroclus grandson of Actor. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, fable 1.――――Also to Erithus son of Actor.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 3.――――Two brothers so fond of
each other, that in driving a chariot, one generally held the reins,
and the other the whip; whence they are represented with two heads,
four feet, and one body. Hercules conquered them. _Pindar._
=Actŏris=, a maid of Ulysses. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 23.
=Marcus Actorius Naso=, a Roman historian. _Suetonius_, _Julius_,
ch. 9.
=Caius Aculeo=, a Roman lawyer celebrated as much for the extent of his
understanding, as for his knowledge of law. He was uncle to Cicero.
_Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 1, ch. 43.
=Acūphis=, an ambassador from India to Alexander. _Plutarch_,
_Alexander_.
=Acusilāus= and =Damagētus=, two brothers of Rhodes, conquerors at the
Olympic games. The Greeks strewed flowers upon Diagoras their father,
and called him happy in having such worthy sons. _Pausanias_, bk. 6,
ch. 7.
=Acusilāus=, an historian of Argos, often quoted by Josephus. He wrote
on genealogies, in a style simple and destitute of all ornament.
_Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 2, ch. 29.――_Suidas._――――An Athenian who
taught rhetoric at Rome under Galba.
=M. Acutĭcus=, an ancient comic writer whose plays were known under
the names of Leones, Gemini, Anus, Bœotia, &c.
=Ada=, a sister of queen Artemisia, who married Hidricus. After her
husband’s death, she succeeded to the throne of Caria; but being
expelled by her younger brother, she retired to Alindæ, which she
delivered to Alexander after adopting him as her son. _Curtius_,
bk. 2, ch. 8.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.
=Adad=, a deity among the Assyrians, supposed to be the sun.
=Adæus=, a native of Mitylene, who wrote a Greek treatise on
statuaries. _Athenæus_, bk. 13.
=Adamantæa=, Jupiter’s nurse in Crete, who suspended him in his cradle
to a tree, that he might be found neither in the earth, the sea,
nor in heaven. To drown the infant’s cries, she had drums beat and
cymbals sounded around the tree. _Hyginus_, fable 139.
=Adămas=, a Trojan prince, killed by Merion. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 13,
li. 560.――――A youth who raised a rebellion on being emasculated by
Cotys king of Thrace. _Aristotle_, _Politics_, bk. 5, ch. 10.
=Adamastus=, a native of Ithaca, father of Achæmenides. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 614.
=Adaspii=, a people at the foot of mount Caucasus. _Justin_, bk. 12,
ch. 5.
=Addephagia=, a goddess of the Sicilians. _Ælian_, bk. 1, _Varia
Historia_, ch. 27.
=Addua=, now _Adda_, a river of Cisalpine Gaul, falling into the Po
near Cremona. _Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 103.
=Adelphius=, a friend of Marcus Antoninus, whom he accompanied in
his expedition into Parthia, of which he wrote the history. _Strabo_,
bk. 11.
=Adēmon=, raised a sedition in Mauritania to avenge his master Ptolemy,
whom Caligula had put to death. _Suetonius_, _Caligula_, ch. 35.
=Ades=, or =Hades=, the god of hell among the Greeks, the same as the
Pluto of the Latins. The word is derived from _α_ and ειδειν [_non
videre_], because hell is deprived of light. It is often used for
hell itself by the ancient poets.
=Adgandestrius=, a prince of Gaul who sent to Rome for poison to
destroy Arminius, and was answered by the senate, that the Romans
fought their enemies openly, and never used perfidious measures.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 88.
=Adherbal=, son of Micipsa, and grandson of Masinissa, was besieged at
Cirta, and put to death by Jugurtha, after vainly imploring the aid
of Rome, B.C. 112. _Sallust_, _Jugurthine War_.
=Adherbas=, the husband of Dido. _See:_ Sichæus.
=Adiante=, a daughter of Danaus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 11.
=Adiatōrix=, a governor of Galatia, who, to gain Antony’s favour,
slaughtered, in one night, all the inhabitants of the Roman colony
of Heraclea, in Pontus. He was taken at Actium, led in triumph by
Augustus, and strangled in prison. _Strabo_, bk. 12.
=Adimantus=, a commander of the Athenian fleet, taken by the Spartans.
All the men of the fleet were put to death, except Adimantus,
because he had opposed the designs of his countrymen, who intended
to mutilate all the Spartans. _Xenophon_, _Hellenica_. Pausanias
says, bk. 4, ch. 17; bk. 10, ch. 9, that the Spartans had bribed
him.――――A brother of Plato. _Laërtius_, bk. 3.――――A Corinthian
general who reproached Themistocles with his exile.――――A king struck
with thunder for saying that Jupiter deserved no sacrifices. _Ovid_,
_Ibis_, li. 337.
=Admēta=, a daughter of Eurystheus, was priestess of Juno’s temple at
Argos. She expressed a wish to possess the girdle of the queen of
the Amazons, and Hercules obtained it for her. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2,
ch. 23.――――One of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 349.
=Admētus=, son of Pheres and Clymene, king of Pheræ in Thessaly,
married Theone daughter of Thestor, and, after her death, Alceste
daughter of Pelias. Apollo when banished from heaven, is said to
have tended his flocks for nine years, and to have obtained from the
Parcæ, that Admetus should never die, if another person laid down
his life for him; a proof of unbounded affection, which his wife
Alceste cheerfully exhibited by devoting herself voluntarily to
death. Admetus was one of the Argonauts, and was at the hunt of
the Calydonian boar. Pelias promised his daughter in marriage only
to him who could bring him a chariot drawn by a lion and a wild
boar; and Admetus effected this by the aid of Apollo, and obtained
Alceste’s hand. Some say that Hercules brought him back Alceste from
hell. _Seneca_, _Medeâ_.――_Hyginus_, fables 50, 51, & 243.――_Ovid_,
_Amores_, bk. 3.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, chs. 8 & 9, &c.――_Tibullus_,
bk. 2, poem 3.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17.――――A king of the
Molossi, to whom Themistocles fled for protection. _Cornelius Nepos_,
_Themistocles_, ch. 8.――――An officer of Alexander, killed at the
siege of Tyre. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.
=Adōnia=, festivals in honour of Adonis, first celebrated at Byblos
in Phœnicia. They lasted two days, the first of which was spent
in howlings and lamentations, the second in joyful clamours, as if
Adonis was returned to life. In some towns of Greece and Egypt they
lasted eight days; the one half of which was spent in lamentations,
and the other in rejoicings. Only women were admitted, and such as
did not appear were compelled to prostitute themselves for one day;
and the money obtained by this shameful custom was devoted to the
service of Adonis. The time of the celebration was supposed to be
very unlucky. The fleet of Nicias sailed from Athens to Sicily on
that day, whence many unfortunate omens were drawn. _Plutarch_,
_Nicias_.――_Ammianus_, bk. 22, ch. 9.
=Adōnis=, son of Cinyras by his daughter Myrrha [_See:_ Myrrha],
was the favourite of Venus. He was fond of hunting, and was often
cautioned by his mistress not to hunt wild beasts, for fear of being
killed in the attempt. This advice he slighted, and at last received
a mortal bite from a wild boar which he had wounded, and Venus,
after shedding many tears at his death, changed him into a flower
called anemone. Proserpine is said to have restored him to life, on
condition that he should spend six months with her, and the rest of
the year with Venus. This implies the alternate return of summer and
winter. Adonis is often taken for Osiris, because the festivals of
both were generally begun with mournful lamentations, and finished
with a revival of joy as if they were returning to life again.
Adonis had temples raised to his memory, and is said by some to
have been beloved by Apollo and Bacchus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 14.――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 13, li. 53.――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_,
poem 10, li. 18.――_Bion_, _Adonis_.――_Hyginus_, fables 58, 164, 248,
&c.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 10, fable 10.――_Musæus_, _Hero &
Leander_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 20; bk. 9, ch. 41.――――A river of
Phœnicia, which falls into the Mediterranean, below Byblus.
=Adramyttium=, an Athenian colony on the sea coast of Mysia, near the
Caycus. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Thucydides_, bk. 5, ch. 1.
=Adrāna=, a river in Germany. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 1, ch. 56.
=Adrānum=, a town of Sicily, near Ætna, with a river of the same name.
The chief deity of the place was called Adranus, and his temple was
guarded by 1000 dogs. _Plutarch_, _Timoleon_.
=Adrasta=, one of the Oceanides who nursed Jupiter. _Hyginus_,
fable 182.
=Adrastia=, a fountain of Sicyon. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 15.――――A
mountain. _Plutarch_, _Lucullus_.――――A country near Troy called
after Adrastus, who built there a temple to Nemesis. Here Apollo had
an oracle. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――――A daughter of Jupiter and Necessity.
She is called by some Nemesis, and is the punisher of injustice.
The Egyptians placed her above the moon, whence she looked down upon
the actions of men. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――――A daughter of Melisseus,
to whom some attribute the nursing of Jupiter. She is the same as
Adrasta. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.
=Adrastii Campi=, a plain near the Granicus, where Alexander first
defeated Darius. _Justin_, bk. 11, ch. 6.
=Adrastus=, son of Talaus and Lysimache, was king of Argos. Polynices,
being banished from Thebes by his brother Eteocles, fled to Argos,
where he married Argia daughter of Adrastus. The king assisted
his son-in-law, and marched against Thebes with an army headed by
seven of his most famous generals. All perished in the war except
Adrastus, who, with a few men saved from slaughter, fled to Athens,
and implored the aid of Theseus against the Thebans, who opposed
the burying of the Argives slain in battle. Theseus went to his
assistance, and was victorious. Adrastus, after a long reign, died
through grief, occasioned by the death of his son Ægialeus. A temple
was raised to his memory at Sicyon, where a solemn festival was
annually celebrated. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 6, li. 480.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 3, ch. 7.――
_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bks. 4 & 5.――_Hyginus_, fables 68, 69, & 70.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 39; bk. 8, ch. 25; bk. 10; ch. 90.――
_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 67, &c.――――A peripatetic philosopher,
disciple to Aristotle. It is supposed that a copy of his treatise
on harmonics is preserved in the Vatican.――――A Phrygian prince, who
having inadvertently killed his brother, fled to Crœsus, where he
was humanely received, and entrusted with the care of his son Atys.
In hunting a wild boar, Adrastus slew the young prince, and in his
despair, killed himself on his grave. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 35,
&c.――――A Lydian, who assisted the Greeks against the Persians.
_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 5.――――A soothsayer in the Trojan war, son
of Merops. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 2 & 6.――The father of Eurydice,
who married Ilus the Trojan. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 12.――――A king
of Sicyon, who reigned four years, B.C. 1215.――――A son of Hercules.
_Hyginus_, fable 242.
=Adria=, =Adriānum=, or =Adriatĭcum mare=, a sea lying between
Illyricum and Italy, now called the gulf of Venice, first made
known to the Greeks by the discoveries of the Phocæans. _Herodotus_,
bk. 1.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 33; bk. 3, odes 3 & 9.――_Catullus_,
poems 4, 6.
=Adrianopŏlis=, a town of Thrace on the Hebrus.――――Another in Ætolia,
――――in Pisidia,――――and Bithynia.
=Adriānus=, or =Hadrianus=, the 15th emperor of Rome. He is represented
as an active, learned, warlike, and austere general. He came to
Britain, where he built a wall between the modern towns of Carlisle
and Newcastle, 80 miles long, to protect the Britons from the
incursions of the Caledonians. He killed in battle 500,000 Jews who
had rebelled, and built a city on the ruins of Jerusalem, which he
called Ælia. His memory was so retentive, that he remembered every
incident of his life, and knew all the soldiers of his army by name.
He was the first emperor who wore a long beard, and this he did to
hide the warts on his face. His successors followed his example, not
through necessity but for ornament. Adrian went always bare-headed,
and in long marches generally travelled on foot. In the beginning
of his reign, he followed the virtues of his adopted father and
predecessor Trajan; he remitted all arrears due to his treasury for
16 years, and publicly burnt the account-books, that his word might
not be suspected. His peace with the Parthians proceeded from a wish
of punishing the other enemies of Rome, more than from the effects
of fear. The travels of Adrian were not for the display of imperial
pride, but to see whether justice was distributed impartially:
and public favour was courted by a condescending behaviour, and
the meaner familiarity of bathing with the common people. It is
said that he wished to enrol Christ among the gods of Rome; but
his apparent lenity towards the Christians was disproved, by the
erection of a statue to Jupiter on the spot where Jesus rose from
the dead, and one to Venus on mount Calvary. The weight of diseases
became intolerable. Adrian attempted to destroy himself; and when
prevented, he exclaimed, that the lives of others were in his hands,
but not his own. He wrote an account of his life, and published it
under the name of one of his domestics. He died of a dysentery at
Baiæ, July 10, A.D. 138, in the 72nd year of his age, after a reign
of 21 years. _Dio Cassius._――――An officer of Lucullus. _Plutarch_,
_Lucullus_.――――A rhetorician of Tyre in the age of Marcus Antoninus,
who wrote seven books of metamorphoses, besides other treatises now
lost.
=Adrimētum=, a town of Africa, on the Mediterranean, built by the
Phœnicians. _Sallust_, _Jugurthine War_.
=Aduataca=, a town of Belgic Gaul, now Tongres, on the Maese.
=Adŭla=, a mountain among the Rhætian Alps, near which the Rhine takes
its rise, now St. Gothard.
=Adulis=, a town of Upper Egypt.
=Adyrmachīdæ=, a maritime people of Africa, near Egypt. _Herodotus_,
bk. 4, ch. 168.
=Æa=, a huntress changed into an island of the same name by the gods,
to rescue her from the pursuit of her lover, the river Phasis. It
had a town called Æa, which was the capital of Colchis. _Flaccus_,
bk. 5, li. 420.――――A town of Thessaly,――――of Africa.――――A fountain
of Macedonia near Amydon.
=Æacēa=, games at Ægina, in honour of Æacus.
=Æacĭdas=, a king of Epirus, son of Neoptolemus and brother to
Olympias. He was expelled by his subjects for his continual wars
with Macedonia. He left a son, Pyrrhus, only two years old, whom
Chaucus king of Illyricum educated. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 11.
=Æacĭdes=, a patronymic of the descendants of Æacus, such as Achilles,
Peleus, Telamon, Pyrrhus, &c. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 103, &c.
=Æăcus=, son of Jupiter by Ægina daughter of Asopus, was king of the
island of Œnopia, which he called by his mother’s name. A pestilence
having destroyed all his subjects, he entreated Jupiter to repeople
his kingdom; and according to his desire, all the ants which were in
an old oak were changed into men, and called by Æacus _myrmidons_,
from μυρμηξ, _an ant_. Æăcus married Endeis, by whom he had Telamon
and Peleus. He afterwards had Phocus by Psamathe, one of the Nereids.
He was a man of such integrity that the ancients have made him
one of the judges of hell, with Minos and Rhadamanthus. _Horace_,
bk. 2, ode 13; bk. 4, ode 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 44; bk. 2,
ch. 29.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, fable 25; bk. 13, li. 25.
――_Propertius_, bk. 4, poem 12.――_Plutarch_, _de Consolatio ad
Apollonium_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.
=Ææ=, =Æa=, or =Ææa=, an island of Colchis, in the Phasis. _See:_ Æa.
_Apollonius_, bk. 3.
=Ææa=, a name given to Circe, because born at Ææ. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 3, li. 386.
=Æantēum=, a city of Troas, where Ajax was buried. _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 30.――――An island near the Thracian Chersonesus. _Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 12.
=Æantĭdes=, a tyrant of Lampsacus, intimate with Darius. He married
a daughter of Hippias tyrant of Athens. _Thucydides_, bk. 6, ch. 59.
――――One of the seven poets called Pleiades.
=Æantis=, an Athenian tribe. _Plutarch_, _Convivium Septem Sapientium_,
ch. 2.
=Æas=, a river of Epirus falling into the Ionian sea. In the
fable of Io, Ovid describes it as falling into the Peneus, and
meeting other rivers at Tempe. This some have supposed to be a
geographical mistake of the poet. _Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 361.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 580.
=Æātus=, son of Philip, and brother of Polyclea, was descended from
Hercules. An oracle having said that whoever of the two touched
the land after crossing the Achelous, should obtain the kingdom,
Polyclea pretended to be lame, and prevailed upon her brother to
carry her across on his shoulders. When they came near the opposite
side, Polyclea leaped ashore from her brother’s back, exclaiming
that the kingdom was her own. Æatus joined her in her exclamation,
and afterwards married her, and reigned conjointly with her. Their
son Thessalus gave his name to Thessaly. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.
=Æchmacŏras=, a son of Hercules by Phyllone daughter of Alcimedon.
When the father heard that his daughter had had a child, he exposed
her and the infant in the woods to wild beasts, where Hercules,
conducted by the noise of a magpie which imitated the cries of a
child, found and delivered them. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 12.
=Æchmis=, succeeded his father Polymnestor on the throne of Arcadia,
in the reign of Theopompus of Sparta. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 5.
=Ædepsum=, a town of Eubœa. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.
=Ædessa=, or =Edessa=, a town near Pella. Caranus king of Macedonia
took it by following goats that sought shelter from the rain, and
called it from that circumstance (αἰγας, _capras_) Ægeas. It was the
burying place of the Macedonian kings; and an oracle had said, that
as long as the kings were buried there, so long would their kingdom
subsist. Alexander was buried in a different place; and on that
account some authors have said that the kingdom became extinct.
_Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 1.
=Ædicŭla Ridiculi=, a temple raised to the god of mirth, from the
following circumstance: after the battle of Cannæ, Hannibal marched
to Rome, whence he was driven back by the inclemency of the weather;
which caused so much joy in Rome, that the Romans raised a temple to
the god of mirth. This deity was worshipped at Sparta. _Plutarch_,
_Lycurgus_, _Agis_, & _Cleomenes_. Pausanias also mentions a θεος
γελωτος.
=Ædīles=, Roman magistrates, that had the care of all buildings, baths,
and aqueducts, and examined the weights and measures, that nothing
might be sold without its due value. There were three different
sorts: the Ædiles _Plebeii_, or _Minores_; the _Majores_ Ædiles, and
the Ædiles _Cereales_. The plebeian ediles were two, first created
with the tribunes; they presided over the more minute affairs of the
state, good order, and the reparation of the streets. They procured
all the provisions of the city, and executed the decrees of the
people. The Majores and Cereales had greater privileges, though they
at first shared in the labour of the plebeian ediles; they appeared
with more pomp, and were allowed to sit publicly in ivory chairs.
The office of an edile was honourable, and was always the primary
step to greater dignities in the republic. The ediles were chosen
from the plebeians for 127 years, till A.U.C. 338. _Varro_, _De
Lingua Latina_, bk. 4, ch. 14.――_Cicero_, _De Legibus_, bk. 3.
=Ædipsus=, a town in Eubœa, now Dipso, abounding in hot baths.
=Valerius Ædituus=, a Roman poet before the age of Cicero, successful
in amorous poetry and epigrams.
=Ædon=, daughter of Pandarus, married Zethus brother to Amphion,
by whom she had a son called Itylus. She was so jealous of her
sister Niobe, because she had more children than herself, that she
resolved to murder the elder, who was educated with Itylus. She by
mistake killed her own son, and was changed into a goldfinch as she
attempted to kill herself. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 19, li. 518.
=Ædui=, or =Hedui=, a powerful nation of Celtic Gaul, known for their
valour in the wars of Cæsar. When their country was invaded by this
celebrated general, they were at the head of a faction in opposition
to the Sequani and their partisans, and they had established their
superiority in frequent battles. To support their cause, however,
the Sequani obtained the assistance of Ariovistus king of Germany,
and soon defeated their opponents. The arrival of Cæsar changed the
face of affairs; the Ædui were restored to the sovereignty of the
country, and the artful Roman, by employing one faction against the
other, was enabled to conquer them all, though the insurrection of
Ambiorix, and that more powerfully supported by Vercingetorix, shook
for a while the dominion of Rome in Gaul, and checked the career of
the conqueror. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_.
=Æēta=, or =Æētes=, king of Colchis, son of Sol and Perseis daughter
of Oceanus, was father of Medea, Absyrtus, and Chalciope, by Idya,
one of the Oceanides. He killed Phryxus son of Athamas, who had fled
to his court on a golden ram. This murder he committed to obtain
the fleece of the golden ram. The Argonauts came against Colchis,
and recovered the golden fleece by means of Medea, though it was
guarded by bulls that breathed fire, and by a venomous dragon. Their
expedition has been celebrated by all the ancient poets. _See:_
Jason, Medea, and Phryxus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, fable 1, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 3.
――_Justin_, bk. 42, ch. 2.――_Flaccus_ & _Orpheus_, _Argonautica_.
=Æetias=, a patronymic given to Medea, as daughter of Æetes. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 9.
=Æga=, an island of the Ægean sea, between Tenedos and Chios.
=Ægēas=, a town whose inhabitants are called Ægeates. _See:_ Ædessa.
=Ægæ=, a city of Macedonia, the same as Ædessa. Some writers make
them different, but Justin proves this to be erroneous, bk. 7,
ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 10.――――A town of Eubœa, whence Neptune
is called Ægæus. _Strabo_, bk. 9.
=Ægææ=, a town and seaport of Cilicia. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 227.
=Ægæon=, one of Lycaon’s 50 sons. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 8.――――The
son of Cœlus, or of Pontus and Terra, the same as Briareus. _See:_
Briareus. It is supposed that he was a notorious pirate, chiefly
residing at Æga, whence his name; and that the fable about his
100 hands arises from his having 100 men to manage his oars in his
piratical excursions. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 565.――_Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 149.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 10, li. 404.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 10.
=Ægæum mare=, now Archipelago, part of the Mediterranean, dividing
Greece from Asia Minor. It is full of islands, some of which are
called Cyclades, others Sporades, &c. The word Ægæum is derived by
some from Ægæ, a town of Eubœa; or from the number of islands which
it contains, that appear above the sea, as αἰγες, goats; or from the
promontory Æga, or from Ægea, a queen of the Amazons; or from Ægeus,
who is supposed to have drowned himself there. _Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 11.――_Strabo_, bk. 7.
=Ægæus=, a surname of Neptune, from Ægæ in Eubœa. _Strabo_, bk. 9.
――――A river of Corcyra.――――A plain in Phocis.
=Ægaleos=, or =Ægaleum=, a mountain of Attica opposite Salamis, on
which Xerxes sat during the engagement of his fleet with the Grecian
ships in the adjacent sea. _Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 90.――_Thucydides_,
bk. 2, ch. 19.
=Ægan= [_Greek_ αἰγαν or αἰγαων], the Ægean sea. _Statius_, _Thebiad_,
bk. 5, li. 56.
=Ægas=, a place of Eubœa.――――Another near Daunia in Italy. _Polybius_,
bk. 3.