┌────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────────────────┐

│ CLASSES. │ Sing. │ Sing. │ │

├────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────────────┤

│ „ │15, takes│ 16. │ „ │

│ │ 6 as │ │ │

│ │ plur. │ │ │

├────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────────────┤

│ Examples of │Ku-_du_. │Wa-_nda_.│ „ │

│ Nouns. │ │ │ │

│ „ │ │ │ „ │

├────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────────────┤

│_Adjectives._ │ │ │ │

│Good. │Ku-_ča_. │Wa-_ča_. │Ki-gweno differs in │

│ │ │ │one or two points │

│ │ │ │from Ki-čaga in its │

│ │ │ │concords. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │Thus the concord for│

│ │ │ │the 6th class (Ma-) │

│ │ │ │is A- or Nya-, and │

│ │ │ │for the 8th always │

│ │ │ │Fi-. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │In the 14th class it│

│ │ │ │is always Wu-, and │

│ │ │ │in the 16th class │

│ │ │ │Ha- instead of Wa-. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │The nouns, pronouns,│

│ │ │ │&c., given as │

│ │ │ │examples of the │

│ │ │ │concord are in │

│ │ │ │Ki-čaga. They differ│

│ │ │ │slightly from │

│ │ │ │Ki-gweno. │

│Bad. │Ku-_bi_. │Wa-_bi_. │ „ │

│_Possessive_ │ │ │ „ │

│_pronouns._ │ │ │ „ │

│My. │Kw-_ako_.│Wa-_ako_.│ „ │

│Thy. │Ku-_fu_. │Wa-_fu_. │ „ │

│His, her, its. │Kw-_ake_.│W-_ake_. │ „ │

│Our. │Kw-_aru_.│W-_aru_. │ „ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

│Your. │Ku-_nyi_.│Wa-_nyi_.│ „ │

│Their. │Ku-_wo_. │Wa-_wo_. │ „ │

│_Personal_ │ │ │ „ │

│_pronouns._ │ │ │ „ │

│_Nom._: │ │ │ „ │

│He, it, &c. │Ku-Kw-. │Wa-. │ „ │

│_Acc._: │ │ │ „ │

│Him, &c. │-ku-. │-wa-. │ „ │

│ │ │ │ │

│_Demonstrative │ │ │ „ │

│pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

│This. │Uku. │Awa. │ „ │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

│That. │Ku-_la_. │Wa-_la_. │ „ │

│_Interrogative._│ │ │ „ │

│Which? │Ku-_ku_. │Wa-_ku_. │ „ │

│How many? │ │ │ „ │

│_Numerals._ │ │ │ „ │

│1. │Ku-_mo_. │Wa-_mo_. │ „ │

│2. │ │ │ „ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

│3. │ │ │ „ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

│4, &c. │ │ │ „ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

│Many. │ │ │ „ │

│ │ │ │ „ │

└────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────────────────┘

THE CONCORD IN KI-TAVEITA.

┌─────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐

│CLASSES. │ Sing. │ Plur. │ Sing. │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ „ │ 1. │ 2. │ 3. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ Examples of │ Mu-_ndu_. │ Wa-_ndu_. │ Mu-_ti_. │

│ Nouns. │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│_Adjectives._ │ │ │ │

│Good. │Mu-_wedi_. │Wa-_wedi_. │Mu-_wedi_. │

│Bad. │Mu-_wiwi_. │Wa-_wiwi_. │Mu-_wiwi_. │

│_Possessive │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│My. │U-_aṅgu_. │W-_aṅgu_. │U-_aṅgu_. │

│Thy. │U-_ako_. │W-_ako_. │U-_ako_. │

│His, her, its. │U-_akwe_. │W-_akwe_. │U-_akwe_. │

│Our. │U-_etu_. │W-_etu_. │U-_etu_. │

│Your. │U-_enu_. │W-_enu_. │U-_enu_. │

│Their. │U-_awo_. │W-_awo_. │U-_awo_. │

│_Personal │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│_Nom._: │ │ │ │

│He, it, &c. │A-. │Wa-. │U-. │

│_Acc._: │ │ │ │

│Him, it, &c. │-mu-, -m-, │ │-u-. │

│ │-wa-. │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

│_Demonstrative │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│This. │_Ha_-u. │_Ha_-wa. │_Ha_-u. │

│That. │_Ha_-u-_la_. │_Ha_-wa-_la_. │_Ha_-u-_la_. │

│_Interrogative._ │ │ │ │

│Which? │Nu-_hi_. │Wa-_hi_. │Nu-_hi_. │

│How many? │ │A-wo. │ │

│_Numerals._ │ │ │ │

│1. │U-_muezo_. │ │U-_muezo_. │

│2. │ │W-_ere_. │ │

│3. │ │Wa-_tatu_. │ │

│4. &c. │ │Wa-_nne_. │ │

│Many. │ │W-_eṅgi_. │ │

└─────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

┌─────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐

│CLASSES. │ Plur. │ Sing. │ Plur. │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ „ │ 4. │ 5. │ 6. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ Examples of │ Mi-_ti_. │ Ni-_ganza_. │ Ma-_ganza_. │

│ Nouns. │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│_Adjectives._ │ │ │ │

│Good. │Wa-_wedi_. │Li-_wedi_. │Ma-_wedi_. │

│Bad. │Mi-_wiwi_. │Li-_wiwi_. │Ma-_wiwi_. │

│_Possessive │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│My. │Y-_aṅgu_. │Ly-_aṅgu_. │-_aṅgu_. │

│Thy. │Y-_ako_. │Ly-_ako_. │-_ako_, │

│His, her, its. │Y-_akwe_. │Ly-_akwe_. │-_akwe_. │

│Our. │Y-_etu_. │Ly-_etu_. │-_etu_. │

│Your. │Y-_enu_. │Ly-_enu_. │-_enu_. │

│Their. │W-_awo_. │Ly-_awo_. │-_awo_. │

│_Personal │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│_Nom._: │ │ │ │

│He, it, &c. │I-, Y-. │Li-, ly-. │A-. │

│_Acc._: │ │ │ │

│Him, it, &c. │-i-, -y-. │-li-. │-a-, -ma-. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

│_Demonstrative │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│This. │_Ha_-yi. │_Ha_-ili. │_Ha_-ma-. │

│That. │_Ha_-yi-_la_. │_Ha_-ili-_la_.│_Ha_-ma-_la_. │

│_Interrogative._ │ │ │ │

│Which? │Ni-_hi_. │Li-_hi_. │A-_hi_. │

│How many? │Iyo. │ │Amo. │

│_Numerals._ │ │ │ │

│1. │ │li-_muezo_. │i-_muezo_. │

│2. │Y-_ere_. │ │M-_ere_. │

│3. │I-_tatu_. │ │Ma-_tatu_. │

│4. &c. │I-_nne_. │ │Ma-_nne_. │

│Many. │I-_ṅgi_. │ │M-_eṅgi_. │

└─────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

┌─────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐

│CLASSES. │ Sing. │ Plur. │ Sing. │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ „ │ 7. │ 8. │ 9. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ Examples of │ Ki-_ndu_. │ Wi-_ndu_. │ Ṅ-_goma_. │

│ Nouns. │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│_Adjectives._ │ │ │ │

│Good. │Ki-_wedi_. │Vi-_wedi_. │_Wedi._ │

│Bad. │Ki-_wiwi_. │Vi-_wiwi_. │_Wiwi._ │

│_Possessive │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│My. │Ki-_aṅgu_. │Vy-_aṅgu_. │Y-_aṅgu_. │

│Thy. │Ki-_ako_. │Vy-_ako_. │Y-_ako_. │

│His, her, its. │Ki-_akwe_. │Vy-_akwe_. │Y-_akwe_. │

│Our. │Ki-_etu_. │Vy-_etu_. │Y-_etu_. │

│Your. │Ki-_enu_. │Vy-_enu_. │Y-_enu_. │

│Their. │Ki-_awo_. │Vy-_awo_. │Y-_awo_. │

│_Personal │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│_Nom._: │ │ │ │

│He, it, &c. │Ki-, Či-. │Vi-, Vy-. │I-. │

│_Acc._: │ │ │ │

│Him, it, &c. │-ki-. │-vi-. │-i-. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │-či-. │ │ │

│_Demonstrative │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│This. │_Ha_-iki. │_Ha_-iwi. │_Ha_-i. │

│That. │_Ha_-iki-_la_.│_Ha_-iwi-_la_.│_Ha_-i-_la_. │

│_Interrogative._ │ │ │ │

│Which? │Ki-_hi_. │Vi-_hi_. │I-_hi_. │

│How many? │ │Iwyo. │ │

│_Numerals._ │ │ │ │

│1. │Ki-_muezo_. │ │I-_muezo_. │

│2. │ │Vi-_wi_. │ │

│3. │ │Vi-_tatu_. │ │

│4. &c. │ │Vi-_nne_. │ │

│Many. │ │V-_iṅgi_. │ │

└─────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

┌─────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐

│CLASSES. │ Plur. │ Sing. │ Plur. │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ „ │ 10. │ 11, │ 12. │

│ │ │ takes 6 & 10 │ Plur to 13. │

│ │ │ as plur. │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ Examples of │ Ṅ-_goma_. │ Lu-_tiko_. │ Tu-_mwana_. │

│ Nouns. │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│_Adjectives._ │ │ │ │

│Good. │M-_bedi_. │Lu-_wedi_. │Tu-_wedi_. │

│Bad. │M-_biwi_. │Lu-_wiwi_. │Tu-_wiwi_. │

│_Possessive │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│My. │ǰ-_aṅgu_. │Lu-_aṅgu_. │Tw-_aṅgu_. │

│Thy. │ǰ-_ako_. │Lu-_ako_. │Tw-_ako_. │

│His, her, its. │ǰ-_akwe_. │Lu-_akwe_. │Tw-_akwe_. │

│Our. │ǰ-_etu_. │Lu-_etu_. │Tw-_etu_. │

│Your. │ǰ-_enu_. │Lu-_enu_. │Tw-_enu_. │

│Their. │ǰ-_awo_. │Lu-_awo_. │Tw-_awo_. │

│_Personal │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│_Nom._: │ │ │ │

│He, it, &c. │ǰ, or Zi-. │Lu-. │Tu-. │

│_Acc._: │ │ │ │

│Him, it, &c. │-ǰ- or -Zi. │-lu-. │-tu-. │

│ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

│_Demonstrative │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │

│This. │_Ha_-iǰi. │_Ha_-ulu. │_Ha_-utu. │

│That. │_Ha_-iǰi-_la_.│_Ha_-ulu-_la_.│_Ha_-utu-_la_.│

│_Interrogative._ │ │ │ │

│Which? │ǰi-_hi_. │Lu-_hi_. │Tu-_hi_. │

│How many? │Iǰo. │ │Utwo. │

│_Numerals._ │ │ │ │

│1. │ │Lu-_muezo_. │ │

│2. │ǰi-_wi_. │ │Tw-_ere_. │

│3. │N-_datu_. │ │Tu-_tatu_. │

│4. &c. │ǰi-_nne_. │ │Tu-_nne_. │

│Many. │ │ │ │

└─────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

┌─────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐

│CLASSES. │ Sing. │ Sing. │ Sing. │ Sg. & P. │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ „ │ 13, │ 14, │ 15. │ 16. │

│ │ takes 12 & 8 │ takes 6 as │ │ │

│ │ as plur. │ plur. │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│ Examples of │ Ka-_handi_. │ Wu-_ta_. │ Ku-_fwa_. │ Ha-_ndu_. │

│ Nouns. │ │ │ │ │

├─────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤

│_Adjectives._ │ │ │ │ │

│Good. │Ka-_wedi_. │U-_wedi_. │Ku-_wedi_. │Ha-_wedi_. │

│Bad. │Ka-_wiwi_. │U-_wiwi_. │Ku-_wiwi_. │Ha-_wiwi_. │

│_Possessive │ │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │ │

│My. │K-_aṅgu_. │U-_aṅgu_. │Kw-_aṅgu_. │H-_aṅgu_. │

│Thy. │K-_ako_. │U-_ako_. │Kw-_ako_. │H-_ako_. │

│His, her, its. │K-_akwe_. │U-_akwe_. │Kw-_akwe_. │H-_akwe_. │

│Our. │K-_etu_. │U-_etu_. │Kw-_etu_. │H-_etu_. │

│Your. │K-_enu_. │U-_enu_. │Kw-_enu_. │H-_enu_. │

│Their. │K-_awo_. │U-_awo_. │Kw-_awo_. │H-_awo_. │

│_Personal │ │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │ │

│_Nom._: │ │ │ │ │

│He, it, &c. │Ka-. │Wu-. │Ku-. │Ha-. │

│_Acc._: │ │ │ │ │

│Him, it, &c. │-ka-. │-wu-. │-ku-. │-ha-. │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │ │

│_Demonstrative │ │ │ │ │

│ pronouns._ │ │ │ │ │

│This. │_Ha_-ka-. │_Ha_-wu. │_Ha_-uku. │Aha. │

│That. │_Ha_-ka-_la_. │_Ha_-wu-_la_. │_Ha_-uku-_la_.│Aha-_la_. │

│_Interrogative._ │ │ │ │ │

│Which? │Ka-_hi_. │U-_hi_. │Ku-_hi_. │Ha-_hi_. │

│How many? │ │ │ │ │

│_Numerals._ │ │ │ │ │

│1. │Ka-_muezo_. │U-_muezo_. │Ku-_muezo_. │Ha-_muezo_. │

│2. │ │ │ │Ha-_re_. │

│3. │ │ │ │Ha-_tatu_. │

│4. &c. │ │ │ │Ha-_nne_. │

│Many. │ │ │ │H-_engi_. │

└─────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

APPENDIX I.

MASAI—COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY.

NOUNS.

(The particle following the noun is the article, masculine, feminine, or

neuter.)

─────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────

English. │ Masai. │Latuka, Bari,[85]

│ │ &c.

─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────

Air │Giǰabe, eṅ │

Animal │ǰaṅito, ol │Lat., Ečoṅ

│ │ (Game).

Ant │Oisusu, ol; pl. Oisusun │

Antelope │Guruk, ol │

│Galau, eṅ; pl. Galaun │

Anus │Kurum, ol │

│Duli, ol │

Ape (baboon) │Goroi, ol; pl. Goroin │

Arm (upper) │Beraṅgas, em │

(lower) │Daṅgule, en │

Arrow │Bai, em; pl. Ba │

Ass │Sigiria, os; pl. -n │Lat., Segira, os.

Axe │Dolu, en; pl. -an │Lat., Edzolu.

Back │Gorioṅ, en │Lat., Orioṅ.

Banana │ │

(fruit) │Marigo, ôl; pl. -n │

(tree) │Musalala, ôl; pl. -n │

Basket │Dam, en; pl. -i │

Bat │ │Lat., Neina.

Beads │Sirírim, os; pl. -i │

Beard │Munyei, ôl; pl. -n │Bari, Nyeke

Bed │Ruat, er; pl. -an │

│ǰoni, ôl; pl. -n. │

Bee │Ótoro, ôl │Lat., Avatoro.

Bell │Piriri, ôl; pl. -n │

Bellows │Gunei, eṅ; pl. -n │

Belly │Gošóke, eṅ; pl. Oišua │

Bird │Kweni, eṅ │Bari, Kwenti.

Blood │Sérige, os │

Body │Sesin, os │

Bone │Oito, ôl; pl. Oik │Bari, -yutyo.

│Lat., Ogoti. │

Bottom │Gumodo, en; pl. -n │

Bow │Borowai, em │

Boy │Aion, ôl; pl. Aiok │

Brains │Isisi, eṅg │

Brass │Suyai, os │

Breast (male) │Gô, ôl; pl. Gon │

(female) │Gina, ôl; pl. Gi │

Brother │Alaše, ôl; pl. -n │Bari, -načer.

(friend!) │Oito, ôl; pl. Oie │

Buffalo │Ôsowan, ôl; pl. -i │Lat., As-suwani.

Butter │Orṅo, eṅ │

Buttocks │Kurumi, el │

Cattle │Kišu, eṅ │Bari, Kiču,

│ │ Kičuk.

Chair │Origa, ôl; pl. -n │

Cheek │Dakula, en │

Chief │Eibon, ôl,; pl. -ok │

│Kiboroni, ôl; pl. Kiborok │

Child │Gerai, eṅ; pl. Gera │

Claw │Oibôso, ôl; pl. -k │

Cloth │Naṅga, e; pl. -n │

Cloud │Būrwo, em; pl. -n │Lat., Avuru =

│ │ smoke.

Cock │Motonyi, ôl, ôlôle (the male fowl) │

Cold │Giǰabe, en (wind) │

Copper │Suyāi, os │Lat., Aǰel.

Corpse │Meneṅgani, ôl (male); em (female) │

Country (tribal │Manyara, ôl; pl. -n │

district) │ │

(land) │Kob, eṅ; pl. -an │

Cow │Kiteṅ, eṅ; pl. Kišu │Lat., Ne-iteṅ.

│ │Bari, Kiteṅ; pl.

│ │ Kiču.

(heifer) │Dawo, en; pl. -n. (Kiteṅ with the │Šiluk } Diaṅ.

│ masc. article ôl means a bullock,│

│ a gelded ox.) │

│ „ │Šuli } Diaṅ.

│ „ │Lur } Diaṅ.

│ „ │Kavirondo } Diaṅ.

│ │Diṅka, Wen.

│ │γwen.

Crocodile │Kinyaṅ, ôl │Lat., Enya.

│ │Bari, Kinyoṅ.

│ │Šuli, Nyaṅ.

│ │Lur, Niaṅ.

Day (-light) │Barkiǰi, em │Lat., Na-loṅ.

│ │Bari, Koloṅ.

(from sunrise │Gôloṅ, eṅ; pl. -i │Diṅka, Akol.

to sunset) │ │

Death │Ôtoa, ôl │Bari, Atoan.

Dog │Dia, ôl; pl. Diain │Lat., Eṅ-gōk.

│ │Bari, Dioṅ.

│ │Diṅka, ǰio.

│ │Šuli, Gwôk.

Donkey │Sigiria, os; pl. -n │Lat., Os-segira.

Door │Kutuk-aǰi, eṅ; pl. -n (lit. mouth │

│of house) │

Dream (_vide │ │

verb_) │ │

Drum │Dam, ôl; pl. -i │

│Siṅgôdio, os; pl. -n │

Dwarf │Didikimo, en (fem. diminutive) │

Eagle │Kilit, ôl; pl. Kilili │

Ear │Giok, eṅ; pl. Gia │Lat., Nē-iok.

│ │Diṅka, Yig.

│ │Bari, Čwet.

│ │Šuli, Yit.

Egg │Mosor, ôl │Lat., Et-telio.

│Orušia, eṅ │

│Otorui, em (ostrich egg?) │

Elbow │Dakule, en; pl. -n │Lat., Oggole.

Elephant │Dome, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Tome.

│ │Bari, Tome.

Excrement │Gik, eṅ │

Eye │Goṅ, eṅ; pl. Goniek │Lat., Onyet.

│ │Bari, Konie.

│ │Šiluk, Waṅ.

│ │Diṅka, Nyen.

Face │Gomon, eṅ; pl. -i │Bari, Komon.

Fat │Sūnia, os │

│Elata (grease, oil) │Bari, Welet.

Father (genitor) │Oiu, ôl │Lat., Mon.

(head of │Mēnye, ôl │Bari, Monye.

household) │ │

(term of │Papa, ôl; pl. -n │Baba.

address) │ │

Feather │Gobiro, ôl (large) │Bari, Kofiret.

│„ eṅ (small) │

Finger │Kimoǰino, ôl; pl. Kimoǰik │

Fire │Gima, eṅ; pl. Giman │Lat., Ne-ima.

│ │Bari, Kiman.

│ │Diṅka, Maǰ.

│ │Šuli, Maǰ.

Fish │Síṅgeri, os; pl. -n │

Food │Dā, en │

Fool │Dūrwei, ôl; pl. Durwan │

Foot │Geǰu, eṅ; pl. Geǰek │

(lower part) │Oilēle, ol; pl. -k │

(sole) │Dap, en │Lat., At-tiva.

Foreigner │Omoni, ôl (lit. beggar) │

Forest │Dim, en │Bari, Mudim.

Fowl │Guku, eṅ │from Ṅguku, a

│ │ universal

│ │Bantu word.

│Motonyi, ôl │(Bari, Čukoro;

│ │ Lat.,

│ │Nogoro, logoro.)

Friend │Žore, ôl; pl. -n │

│Dōruet, ôl; pl. -a │

Frog │Dua, en │Bari, Doke.

Fruit │Gululwi, eṅ │Bari, Konie.

Genitor │Oiu, ôl (masc.) │

│Naiu, e (fem.) (from the root -iu-)│

Giraffe │Maūti, ôl │

Girl │Dito, en; pl. Doiak │Lat., Odueti.

│Siaṅgiki, es; pl. -n │

Goat │Dare, en (common plur.) │

│Kine, ôl (he-goat); pl. Kineǰi. │Lat., Ne-ini.

│Kine, eṅ (female); pl. Kineǰin │

God │Gai, eṅ (fem., also rain, sky, &c.)│

Grass │Kuǰita, ôl │

Grave │Gurare, eṅ │

│Gumoto, eṅ │Lat., Ume, el.

Gum of teeth │Irt, eṅ. │

Gun │Diol, en; pl. -n │

Hair (of the │Babit, ôl │

head) │ │

(body) │Bon, em │

Hand │Gaina, eṅ; pl. Gaik. │Lat., Na-gas.

│ │Bari, Kanin.

│ │Diṅka, Čien.

│ │Šiluk, Čiṅga.

Hare │Kitoǰo, ôl │Lat., Itoǰo.

Head │Lugunia, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Na-gu.

│ │Bari, Kwe.

Heart │Dau, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Et-taǰi.

│ │Bari, Tewili.

Heel │Dudunio, en; pl. -n │

Hill │Eibaṅgi, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ebak.

Hippopotamus │Makau, ôl; pl. -n │

Hoe │ǰerembe, en │A Bantu word.

Honey │Neišo, e │Lat., Essio.

Horn │Segegwa, os; pl. -n │

House │Gaji, eṅ; pl. Gaǰiǰik │Lat., N-aǰi.

│ │Bari, Kadi.

│ │Šuli, Āt.

Hunger │Ameo, ôl │Lat., Idua.

│ │Bari, Magor.

Husband │Môruo, ôl; pl. Môruak │

Hyena (striped) │Otonu, ôl; pl. Otonak │

(spotted) │Nyoǰine, ôl; pl. Nyoǰinak │

Insect │Kimamani, ôl; pl. -n │

Iron │Seṅeṅge, os │

Island │Abori, ôl │Lat. N-abful.

Knee │Guguṅ, eṅ; pl. Guṅ │Lat., Og-guṅi.

│ │Bari, Kuṅo.

Knife │Alem, ôl; pl. -an │Lat., Ademi.

│ │Bari, Wale.

│ │Šuli, Pala.

Language (_vide_ │ │

mouth) │ │

Leg │Geǰu, eṅ; pl. Geǰek │Lat., N-eiǰu.

Leopard │Uwaru, ôl; pl. Uwarak │Lat., Auvuru.

│ │Bari, Gwaron

│ │ (hyena).

Lion │Nyatun, ôl │

Locust │Mati, ôl │

Magic │Setan, es │

Maize │Bayek, ôl │

Man │Duṅani, ol; pl. Duṅana │Lat., E-duṅgoni,

│ │ a

│ │craftsman.

Market │Siṅgira, os; pl. -n │

Meat │Giriṅgo, eṅ. │Lat., Eriṅgo

│ │Lur and Šuli,

│ │ Riṅgo.

│ │Bari, Kore.

Milk │Kule │Lat., Nā-li.

│ │Bari, Le.

Monkey │Boroši, ol; pl. -n │

Moon and │Laba, ol; pl. -n │Lat., Aǰafa.

month │ │Bari, Yapa.

│ │Diṅka, Pei.

Morning │Tadekenia (East) │

Mother (personal)│Yeyo │Lat., Eaṅ.

„ │ │Bari, Yaṅo.

(general) │Noto, en; pl. Noton │Bari, Nwote.

(as mistress) │Nain, en │

Mountain │Doinyo, ôl; pl. Doinyak or Doinyon │Lat., Adoṅge,

│ │ Donye.

Mouth │Gutuk, eṅ; pl. Gutuāk │Lat., Edok.

(language, │ │Bari, Kotok.

door, &c.) │ │

„ │ │Diṅka, Vtok.

│ │Šiluk } Dŏga.

│ │Suli } Dŏga.

│ │Lur } Dŏga.

Nail (finger and │Oibôso, ôl; pl. Oibôsok │Lat., Aviela.

toe) │ │

Name │Garna, eṅ; pl. -n │Lat., Avure.

│ │Bari, Karin.

│ │Diṅka, Rin.

Navel │Surôrwa, os; pl. -n │

Neck │Murd, em; pl. -on │Lat., Am-morit.

│ │Bari, Murut.

Needle │Ditu, ôl; pl. -n │

Night │Kewarie (darkness) │Bari, Kwaje.

„ fall │Dara, en │Lat., At-tari.

Nose │Gume, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ne-imo.

│„ eṅ (diminutive) │Bari, Kume.

│ │Diṅka, Ūm.

│ │Šuli } Ūme.

│ │Lur } Ūme.

Ox │Moṅgi, ôl; pl. Kiteṅi │

Peace │Serre, es │

│Sôtwa, os │

Penis │ǰabo, en; pl. ǰabok (the │

│“wrapped-up,” “concealed,” is the │

│meaning of this word, although, as │

│a matter of fact, the Masai men │

│are the most shamelessly indecent │

│in the world) │

Pig │Bitir, ôl; pl. -on │Lat., Abūtir.

│ │Bari, Uri.

Pipe │Modi, ôl; pl. -o │

Place │Weiǰi, e; pl. -tin │

Plantation │Guruma, eṅ; pl. -ni │

Pot │Modi, em; pl. -o │

Prostitute │Siǰ or Sid’, es │

Rain │Gai, eṅ (Eṅgai, in one word) │Lat., Ag-gede.

Rat (burrowing) │Uda, eṅg; pl. -n │

(house) │Deroni, en; pl. Dero │

Rhinoceros │Mūnyi, ôl │Lat., Emoy’.

│ │Bari, Mui.

River │Gare, eṅ (water) │Lat., Ari.

│ │Bari, Kare.

│Gwasu, ôl │

│Mwipo, ol; pl. -n │

│Geǰu, ôl (small stream) │

│„ eṅ (brook) │

Road │Goitoi, eṅ; pl. -n. │

Roof │Geberi, eṅ │

Saliva │Gāmulak, eṅ │Lat., Amēla.

│ │Bari, Kamolak.

Salt │Munian, em │A Bantu word.

Sand │Gǘlukok, eṅ; pl. Gǘlukwa │

Shadow │Oip, ôl; pl. -i │

Sheep │Ger, ôl, eṅ; pl. Gera │Lat., Na-ker

│ │ (fem.).

Shield │Oṅo, ôl; pl. -n │

Shoe (leathern │Namka, en; pl. -n │

sandal) │ │

Sickness │Ea, eṅg (from ē, to die) │

Sister ắ │Ganä́ši, eṅ; pl. Ganä́šan │Bari, Kiačer.

│Daṅgile, eṅ (a term of salutation) │

Skin (hide) │ǰôni, ôl; pl. ǰonito │Lat., Na-gon

│ │ (fem.).

Sky │Gadamba, eṅ │

Slave │Siṅga, os; pl. -n │

Sleep │ǰô, en (Dyo) │Lat., Aǰôto.

│ │Bari, Doto.

│ │Šuli, Nenǰo.

Small-pox │Eṅg-ēa naibor (the white sickness) │Lat., Eibora.

Smoke │Būrwo, em │Lat., Av-vuru.

│ │Bari, Kofuret,

│ │ Kopuröt.

Snake │Asurai, ôl; pl. Asuran │(Lat. Am-monu.

│ │ Bari, Munu.)

Snow │Seret, es │

Snuff │Kombau, ôl │

│Gišuki, eṅ │

Son │Aioni, Aiu, ôl or eṅg; pl. Aiok │

Song │Siṅgolio, os; pl. -n │

Soul │Dau, ôl │

Spear │Bere, em; pl. -n │Lat., Aveira.

│ │Bari, Gor.

Speech │Rorei, or │

│Omon, el (words) │

Spine │Giǰi, eṅ │

Spinster │Gapiak, eṅ │

Star │Okirāi, ôl; pl. Ôkir │

Stick │Sebua, os │

Stomach │Ošoke, eṅ; pl. Ošoa │Lat., Noke.

Stone │Soit, os; pl. -on │(Lat., Amoru.

│ │ Bari, Murufit.)

String │Ene, eṅg │

Sun │Oloṅ, eṅg, or Goloṅ, eṅ │Lat., Na-loṅ

│ │ (fem.).

│ │Bari, Koloṅ.

│ │Diṅka, Akol.

│ │Šuli, Ceṅ.

Tail │Kidôṅoi, ôl; pl. Kidoṅo │

Tale │Bai, ôl │

Tear │Giǰo, ôl; pl. -n │

│Širi, eš │

Testicles │Derege, ôl; pl. -n │

Thief │Aburon, ôl; pl. Aburok │

Thing │Doki, en; pl. Dokitin │

Thorn │Gikwa, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ikoa.

│ │Bari, Kikwoti.

Throat │Murut, em │Bari, Murut.

│Gos, ôl │Yoṅin.

Thunder │Gurugur, eṅ │

│Dara, en │Lat., Ed-diri.

Tobacco │Kumbau, ol │(from the word

│ │ Tumbako,

│ │ through the

│ │ corrupt form

│ │ Kumbatu.)

Toe (_vide_ │Kimoǰino, ôl │Lat., Abuge.

finger) │ │

Tongue │Geǰep, ôl; pl. -a │Lat., Aṅgaǰi.

│ │Bari, Nedeb.

│ │Diṅka, Lyeb.

│ │Šuli, Lieva.

│ │Lur, Levve.

Tooth │Ala, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ala.

│ │Bari, Kele.

│ │Šuli, Lāk.

│ │Diṅka, Lēk.

Town │Gaṅ, eṅ; pl. Gaṅite │

│Maniara, ôl; pl -n │

Tree │ǰáni, ôl, en; pl. ǰanito │Lat., At-tana.

│ǰata, en; pl. Gek │Šuli, ǰat.

│Dimi, en (a number of trees, │Bari, Kadini.

│forest) │Diṅka, Tim.

Tribe (_vide_ │Kob, eṅ; Gaṅ, en │

town and │ │

country) │ │

Truth │Edede │

Twins │Mao, el │

Udder │Nyawo, en; pl. -n │Lat., Anyava.

│ │Bari, Panyak.

Ulcer │Dodudai, ôl │

Uncle │Abulai, ôl │

Urine │Gūlak, eṅ │Bari, Kūla.

│ │Lat., Agola.

Vagina │Gwali, eṅg │

│Boliš, em; pl. -an (the female │

│pudenda) │

Village │Ganāsa, eṅ; pl. -n (a small group │

│of houses) │

Vulture │Modôni, e │

War │ǰore, en; pl. ǰoriak │Lat., Avere.

│ │Bari, Ko.

Water │Gare, eṅ │Lat., Nare.

│ │Bari, Kari

│ │ (river).

Wax │Došo, en │

Way │Goidoi, eṅ │

Well │Duroto, ôl (also pond, lake) │

Wife │Siaṅgiki, es; pl. -n │

Wilderness │Sero, ôs │

Wind │Giǰabe, eṅ │Lat., Iǰami.

Window (hole) │Udoto, eṅ; pl. -n │

Witchcraft │Dāsim, en │

Wizard │Oisakutoni, ôl; pl. Eisakutok │

│Eiboni, ôl; pl. Eibonok │

Woman │Norion, en; pl. Noriok │(Bari, Nuru =

│ │ child.)

│Daṅadana, en (a mother) │

│Damonon, en (pregnant) │

│Siaṅgiki, es (wife) │

│Daṅgile, en, na (mode of address) │

│Gogo, eṅ (old woman) │

Word │Omon, ôl │

World │Kob, eṅ │

Year │Ari, ôl; pl. -n │

Zebra │Oitiko, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Edigo.

NUMERALS.

1 │-bo (o-bo, masc.; na-bo, fem.) │Lat., -bodi.

│ │Somali, Kob.

2 │-arre (w-arre, masc.; n-arre, fem.)│Lat., -arrega.

│ │Bari, Öri, murek.

│ │Diṅka, Rōu.

│ │Šiluk } Arrio.

│ │Šuli } Arrio.

│ │Lur } Arrio.

3 │Uni │Lat., Gonigo.

│ │Bari, Ok (in

│ │ compounds).

4 │Uṅgwan; Otoni (Southern Masai) │Lat., Aṅgon.

│ │Bari, Uṅgwan.

│ │Diṅka, Ṅgwan.

│ │Šiluk } Aṅgwēn.

│ │Suli } Aṅgwēn.

│ │Lur } Aṅgwēn.

5 │Imiet │Lat., Miyet.

│ │Bari, Kanat.

│ │Diṅka, Vdieč.

│ │Šiluk ) Abīč.

│ │Šuli } Abīč.

│ │Lur } Abīč.

6 │Ille │Lat., Elle.

│ │Somali, Li.

│ │Boni, Lī.

│ │Galla, Dia.

7 │Nabušana │Lat., Attarit.

8 │Isiet │Lat., Otogoṅi (5

│ │ + 3).

│ │Galla, Zadeta.

│ │Boni, Siete.

9 │Sāl, or Sahal │Lat., Otoṅgoṅ (5

│ │ + 4).

│ │Galla } Sagalla.

│ │Somali } Sagalla.

│ │Boni } Sagalla.

10 │Tomon │Lat., Tomon.

│ │Somali, Tomon.

│ │Galla, -tama (in

│ │ the decades).

│ │Woratta, Tama.

│ │Boni, Tobenna.

│ │Bari, Mere (in

│ │ the decades).

│ │Diṅka, Vtiar.

11 │Tomon obo │Lat., Tomon

│ │ abodi.

20 │Dikitam │Lat., At-tomon

│ │ abodi.

│Kitikitam, Dígtam │Galla, Diketama.

│(This is evidently a very ancient │

│ form. It is remarkable that it is│

│ almost identical with the Galla. │

│ It is probably composed of an old│

│ word for 2, viz. Dik or Tiki and │

│ Tama = 10.) │

30 │Osom │Somali, Sodon.

│ │Galla, Sad-tam or

│ │ Sodom.

40 │Artam. │Somali, Afarton.

│(Query: Is there here an evidence │Galla, Afurtam.

│ of an older form of 4 in Masai, │

│ related to the Galla, viz. Ar, │

│ Afur?) │

50 │Onom (also Neiduruǰa) │Somali, χantom.

│ │Galla, Šantam.

60 │Ipi (“many”); beyond this the │Galla, D’iba =

│ numerals do not seem to be │ 100.

│ further expressed in Masai. Ipi │

│ is used for 70, 80, 90, 100 │

│ indifferently. │

ADJECTIVES.

All │Boki (perhaps -bo, one, pluralized)│

Alone │-beṅ, ô, na, or ei[86] │Lat., Abodi (from

│ │ Bodi, one).

Bad │Torono; pl. Torok. (In Masai the │Bari. -doro =

│ pl. of adjectives is often used │ fallen, spoilt,

│ in the singular as an │ damaged.

│ intensitive; thus Torok means in │

│ the singular, “very bad.”) │

Beautiful (_vide_│Sidai │

good) │ │

Bitter │-dua │Lat., -dua (ô,

│ │ na, e).

Black │-rok │Lat., -riok.

│Eloitwe │Bari, Elurwe.

Bold │Ol-ēṅoni; pl. Eṅok, el (the manly) │Lat., Ol-le.

Broad │Dabaš │

│Ala │Bari, Anagalan.

Broken (spoilt) │-derie │

Clean (_vide_ │-ibor │Lat., -ibor.

white) │ │

Clever (cunning) │Nyen, or Ṅeṅ │Bari, Kaṅa.

Cruel │-maṅ │

Dead │-toa │Bari, Atoan.

│ │Lat., Adua (dumb,

│ │ silent).

Deep │Akwa │

Dirty │-sorto │

Dry │-doyo │

Each │Kil │

Every │Boki │Lat., -ǰogo.

Fat │-bir │Lat., -vir.

│ │Bari, -ofir.

Feeble │-nana │Lat., -nana.

Few │Kuti │

Fresh │-ǰon │

Full │-puta │Lat., -vot.

Good │Sidai. (This word comes from the │Lat., Isidda

│ root Sid’, “to be of easy │ (wanton).

│ manners,” “to be unchaste,” │

│ whence -sid’ or -siǰ, │

│ “incontinent.” It shows the │

│ notion of morality among the │

│ Masai, that such a term should │

│ come to mean “pleasant,” │

│ “handsome,” “good,” and even │

│ “useful”); pl. Sidan. │

│Subad, or Subai (used as a │Lat., Mgada

│ greeting) │ (good).

│-gai (from which root Rain and God)│

Great │Kito; pl. Kitok │

Green │-nyori │

│-ǰon (fresh, raw) │

│-šal (in contradistinction to dry, │

│ burnt) │

Hard │-gol │Bari, Al-ogo.

Having │-ata │

Healthy │-lulunga │

│-gol │

Heavy │-iroši │Lat., -irosi.

High │-ado │Lat. ôdo.

│ │Bari, -aǰo.

Hot │-ruwa │

Left (hand) │Kirian │

Little │-ti, Kiti; pl. Kutiti │Bari, -dit.

Long │-ado (_vide_ high) │Bari, -aǰo.

│ │Lat., -odo.

Low │Abori │

Male │Ole; pl. Lewa │Lat., Olle.

│ │Bari, Logulao;

│ │ Lo- (masc.

│ │ article and

│ │ prefix).

Many │Kumo, Kumok │

Near │Etana │

New │Neǰuk │Lat., Aṅgeǰuk.

│ │Bari, Ludukotyo.

Old │Msana │Lat., Meruan.

│Gogo (old in years) │Bari, Madoṅ.

│Eos │

Open │Eigenu │Lat., Aṅa.

│ │Bari, Aṅa.

Other │-kai, ôl, eṅ; pl. Kulikai │

Pregnant │Emena │

Red │-nyokie │

Right (hand) │Olewa (_vide_ male) │

Ripe │Eo, Eoto │Lat., -dori.

│ │Bari, Toran.

Short │Torop or Dorob │Lat., Os-suk.

Sick │-mui, Emui │Lat., Uṅgwe.

Spotted │-geri │Bari, Mimyen.

Strong │-gol │

Sweet │-melok │

Thick │-pir │Lat., -vir.

│ │Bari, ofir.

Thin │Roṅgai │

Weak │-nana (evidently connected with Na,│Lat., Na-, fem.

│ the feminine particle) │ article.

│ „ │Bari, Na, No, Nu,

│ │ fem. article.

│ │Šiluk, Nyano =

│ │ she.

White │-ibor │Lat., -ivor;

│ │ Aboṅ.

For PRONOUNS see preceding sketch of grammar.

VERBS.

Able, be │-idim │

Abound │-bore │Bari, ǰore =

│ │ overflow.

Agree │-šiate │

Angry, to be │-goro │Bari, Awaran =

│ │ angry.

Anoint │-el │Bari, Wel-et =

│ │ ointment.

│-pik │

Arrive │-beki │

Ask │-bar │

Avoid │-pal │

Awake │-tobiwo │

│-inyo │

Be │-ra; -ta; -ti. │

Bear (to give │-išo │

birth) │ │

Beat │-ar │

Begin │-aṅgas │

Bend │-lok │

Benighted, to be │-muta │

Bind │-en, -gen, -igen (all sorts of │

│ variants from the primitive root │

│ -en) │

Bite │-on │

Blow │-yuk; -kut │Bari, Kudie.

Boil (act.) │-yir │

(neut.) │-tokitok │

Break (act.) │-rek │

(neut.) │-er (from this root a number of │

│ terms are derived, such as │

│ -derie, broken, from the past │

│ tense of -er = -derie, &c.) │

Break open │-bol │Bari, Bel, Belen;

│ │ Futukö.

„ off │-pukus │

Breathe │-yaṅ │Bari, Yukakin.

Bring │-iau │Bari, ǰwe.

Build │-itobir (from -ito, make, and -bir,│

│ big, wide, &c.) │

Bury │-nuk │

│-tur (to excavate) │

Buy │-inyaṅu │

Call │-ibot │

Carry │-nap (-nab in conjugation) │

Catch │-iwōn; -wab │

Choose │-ikebu; -šilu │

Circumcise │-murāt │

Clean │-ǰud │Bari, Čea.

Climb │-ilebaki │

Clothe (act.) │-yop │

(pass.) │-išop │

Come │an irregular verb conjugated by the│Bari, Po, Fo.

│ imperfect and independent forms │

│ -lotu, -yuo, -ponu │

Count │-iken │Bari, Ken.

(reckon) │ │Šuli, Ken.

Copulate │-urbono │

Cover │-pukur │Bari, Rap.

(conceal) │-jab (from this root = Enjabo, │

│ penis, viz. “the covered, │

│ concealed”) │

Cut │-duṅ │

„ open │-pūl │

„ up │-saǰ │

Dance │-raṅ │

Deceive │-led’ or leǰ │

Despise │-men │

Die │-ē (irregular verb, past tense, │

│-tua) │Bari, Toan.

Dig │-tur │

Do │-itobir (old form, -ito) │

Dream │-idetidet │

Drink │-mat │Bari, Moǰu.

│ │Šuli, Mate.

Eat │-nya (irregular verb, past tense, │Bari, Nye.

│ -tama) │

│ │Šuli, Tyam.

Empty │-bugu │

„ to be │-mota │

Enter │-ǰiṅ │

Erect │-ṅgada │

Escape │-luaǰa │

Fall │-doye │Bari, Doro.

Fatten │-bir │Bari, Ofir = fat.

Fear │-ure │

Feel │-niṅ │Bari, Yin = to

│ │ hear.

Fight │-ara │Latuka, Ivot.

Fill │-ibut │

Find │-šia? │

Finish │-idip; -mit │

Fly │-ipiri │

Follow │-tubake │

Forbid │-anya │

Forget │-torgine │

Frighten │-iture; -urešo │

Generate │-iu (old form only existing in │

│ compounds and derivatives, such │

│ as -išo, the modern verb, past │

│ tense, -toiūo) │

Get │-šia; -tum │

Give │-išo (imperative irreg., Enǰo, │

│ Enǰoki) │

Go │Irregular verb composed of the │Lat., -lo.

│ independent forms, -lo; -po; -no;│

│ šom; and -beti │

Greet │-irorok (from -roro, to speak) │Bari, Ro-man.

Grind │-idoṅ │

Grow │-bulu │

Hang │-ik │Bari, Likie.

Have │-ata (to be with) │

│-ra ( „ ) │

Heal │-išiu │

Hear │-niṅ (the same as “feel”) │Bari, Yin.

│ │Šuli, Win.

Help │-retoki │

Hide │-isudo │

Hit │-ar │

Hunt │-iṅoru │

Ill, be │-mui │Bari, Mimyen.

Itch │-oǰ │

Judge │-iriš. │

Jump │-isioṅ │

Kick │-ramo │

Kill │-ar; -rem │Bari, Rembu.

Know │-yôlo │

Laugh │-kwen │Bari, Kweni.

Lick │-meǰ │

Lie │-teleǰase │

Lie down │-ber │

Like │-nyon; -šam │Bari, Nyar.

Live, to (be │-piu │

alive) │ │

Look │-iṅon; -imariri │

Lose │-imim │

Love │-šam; -nyor; -iyan │Bari, Nyar; Yap.

Make │-itobir │

Marry │-yam (for a man) │

│-yamišo (for a woman) │Bari, Yenbaǰi.

Milk │-leb │Bari, Le = milk,

│ │ n.

Mix │-gurd │

Move │-ipoṅ │Bari, Bondu.

Overcome │-mir │

Pass │-im │

Perish │-min │

Perspire │-ilaṅ │

Plant │-tur │

Pregnant, be │-mena │

Pull │-ibuṅ; -yet │Bari, ǰik.

Pursue │-suǰ │

Push │-rumo │

Put │-Šum; -rid │

Quarrel │-arare; arate │

Rain │-ša │

Remove │-tau; -tumu │

Rend │-giǰ │

Reply │-iruk │

Resemble │-wana │

Return │-riṅyo │

Roar │-šir │

Roast │-beǰ │

Rob │-buro │

Run │-bor │

Say │-ǰo │

See │-dol (irregular; past tense, │

│ -tadūa) │

Seek │-iṅoru │

Seize │-ibuṅ │

Sell │-mir │

Send │-ipaya │

Sew │-rip │

Shake │-igusugusu │

Shave │-barn │Bari, Barandu.

Shine │-imer; iwaṅ │

Sing │-raṅ; -isilil │

Sit │-ton; -totona │

Skin │-ǰeṅ │

Sleep │-irura │

Smell (stink) │-ṅgu │

(fragrant) │-robil │

Speak │-iro; iroro │

Stand │-idaso │

Steal │-buro │

Stoop │-ulud │

Suck │-nak │

Swallow │-iǰo │

Take │-ya (past tense, -yawa) │

Talk │-iroro │

Tear │-giǰ │

Tell │-liki │

Think │-ǰo │

Throw │-ibugo; -idad │

Tie │-lid; -en │

Tire │-naura │

Tremble │-girigira │

Twist │-gur; -biaǰ │

Urinate │-lut │Bari, Kula.

Vanquish │-dim │

Vomit │-lobišo │

Want │-yau │

Wash │-ug; -sul │

Watch │-muda │

Weep │-išir │

Wipe │-yud │

Write │-sir │

Yawn │-aṅa │

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, &c.

Above │Keber │Bari, Ki.

Afterwards │Pei │

Again │Si │

Ago │Oba, muidi │

Although │Pe │

Always │Osake │

And │O (masculine); na (feminine) │

As, like │Kam │Galla, Kam.

At │Ti; T- │

Because │Amu │

Before │Teṅgomom (“in the face”) │

Behind │Tolkurum │

Beyond │Endalo │

But (only) │-ke (generally enclitic) │

Down │Abori │

Either (or) │au—ao │

Entirely │Boki; naleṅ │

Far │Ba │Bari, Faǰo.

First │-bo │

For │Ko; K- │Bari, Ko.

From │ │

Here │Ene; tene │Bari, Ni.

How? │Aˇi? │

How much? │-muaǰa (prefix according to gender │Bari, Moda?

„ many? │ of noun) │

If │Den _or_ Ten; Pe, P- │

In │-ti; T-, Te; Atwa │

Like │Kam │Galla, Kam.

Much │Kumo, Kumok │

No │Emé │Galla, Me, eme.

Not │Me, M- │

Now │Tata │

Of │-a (la, na, ra, according to │

│ gender) │

Often │Enake │

On │Keber │Bari, Ki.

Only │Ke │Bari, Gelen.

Outside │Aulo │

Quickly │Sarasara │

Really │Edede │

Slowly │Akidi │

So │Neǰa │Bari, Čona.

There │Ende, Tende │Bari, Ni.

To │Ko, K-; Te, T- │

To-day │Tata; Duo │Lat., Agana.

To-morrow │Teisere │Lat., Taleloṅ.

Under │Abori │

Upon │Keber │

Very │Kumo │

Well │Subai │

What sort? │Ka, K-? (prefixed to word) │

What kind of? │ │

When? │Kaǰi? │

Where? │Aǰi? Akodēē? │

Why? │Painyo? (For what?) │

With │La, na, e; ko; pe │

Yes │Neǰata (It is so); Oi; iba; eo; │

│ iko, &c. │

Yesterday │Ṅole │Lat., Golo-ṅgole

─────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────

APPENDIX II.

VOCABULARIES OF KI-ČAGA, KI-GWENO, AND KI-TAVEITA.

For explanation of Orthography, see the preceding remarks on pp. 476,

477.

The number affixed to a substantive indicates the prefix class to which

it belongs, and shows how its plural may be formed. Unusual or irregular

plurals are given.

NOUNS.

────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────────

English. │ Ki-čaga. │ Ki-gweno, &c. │ Ki-taveita.

────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────

Air │Mbého, 9; Otanu, │(Ki-kambambewo, 9)│

│11 │ │

Animal │Nyama │Nyama, 9 │Nyama, 9.

Ant │Mbome, 9; Safu, 9│ │Safu, 9; Maciči,

│ │ │6.

Anus │Dako, 9; Kisi, 7 │ │Itako, 5.

Ape (baboon) │Ifubi, 5 │ │Iregēń, 5.

Arm │Mkoṅo, 3; Kuoko, │Kuwoko, 15 │Mukono, 3.

│15 │ │

Arrow │Mfi, 3 │ │Mwasa, 3.

Aunt │Msaǰa, 1 │ │Mudnēdu, 1.

Axe │Soka, 5 │ │Isoka, 5.

Back │Muhoṅgo, 3 │ │Mwoṅgo, 3.

Banana (fruit) │Ikundu, 5 │Niru’u, 5 │Idiō, 5.

„ (tree) │ │(Ki-teke, River │Nginda, 9.

│ │Congo; nku, 9) │

Baobab │ │ │Mku, 3.

Basket │Mwera, 3 │ │Kitaṅgo, 7.

Bat │Ikoro, 5 │ │Ngoṅgolo, 9.

Beads │ │ │Mukazi, 3.

Beard │Ṅgerero, 9 │(Ki-kamba; │Kōlo, 9?

│ │Kiṅgelwa, 7) │

Bed │Nčoiṅ, 9 │(Masai, Ol-ǰoni) │Niwai, 9.

Bee │Nǰuki, 9 │Nzuki, 9 │Nyoki, 9.

Bell │Kimaṅga, 7 │ │Manga? Kisumanze,

│ │ │7.

Bellows │Mfo, 3 │ │Nkumfura, 9.

Belly │Ndeu, 9 │(Ki-kamba, Ivu, 5)│Kinena, 7.

Bird │Ndehe, 9 │Ndege, 9 │Ndege, 9.

Blood │Msamu, 3 │ │Sakame, 9.

Body │Nyimbi, mbi, 9 │Mbi, 9 │Mwuri, 3.

Bone │Nifuo, 5 │(Ki-kamba, Iwindi,│Niwindi, 5.

│ │5) │

Book │Nčole, 9 │ │

Bottom │Wanda, 16 │ │Nisi, 9.

Bow │Wuda, 14 │Wura, 14 │Wuta, 14.

Boy │Mana, 1 │ │Mwana, Kume, 1.

Brains │Orongo, Nyorongo,│(Ki-kamba, Yongo, │Wongo, 14.

│11 │11) │

Brass │Moro, 3 │ │

Breast (female) │Ma-wehe, 6, pl. │ │

„ (male) │Mbafu, 9 │ │Mbafui, 9.

Brother │Mana-wama, 1 (son│ │Mdu.

│of mother) │ │

│Ndeho 9 │ │

│(obsolete) │ │

Buffalo │Mbogo, 9 │(Ki-kamba, Mboo, │Mboγo, 9.

│ │9) │

Butter │Mafuda, 6 │ │Mafuta, 6.

Butterfly │Mfugo, 3 │ │Mbambarito, 9.

Buttocks │Madako, 6 │Mbweča, 9 │

Cat │Nkite, 7 │ │Munyawi, 1.

Chair │Kitembo, 7 │(Ki-kamba, │Kičumbi, 7.

│ │Kitumbi, 7) │

Cheek │Ṅgundu, 9; pl. 6 │ │Itumbo, 5.

Chief │Maṅge, 1 │(Ki-taita, Mgosi, │Mfumu, 1.

│ │1) │

│ │(Zulu, Iṅkosi, 1) │Mgosi, 1.

Child │Mtutu, 1 │Mwana, 1 │Mwana mdongo, 1.

Chin │Ngeru, 9; pl. 6 │ │Kireǰu, 7.

Circumcision │Nyifuto, 5 │ │Kutawanwa, 15.

Civet-cat │Nyaha, 5 │(Ki-swahili, │

│ │Ṅgawa, 9) │

Cloth │Ṅguwo, 9 │Nsori, 9 │Ṅguo, 6.

Cloud │Mtuna, 3 │ │Izua, 5.

Cock │Oluṅôni, 11 │ │Ṅguruwi, 9.

Cold │Mbeho, 9 │ │Mbeho, 9.

Copper │Kera, 9 │ │

Corpse │Afa (he dies), 1 │ │Afwa (he is

│ │ │dead).

Country │Wanda, 16 │ │Ntere, 9.

│ │(Ki-taita, Ṅgoma, │

Cow │Ṅombe, 9; Mbe, 9 │9; Zulu, Inkomo, │Ṅombe, 9.

│ │9) │

Crab │Inje, 5 │ │Kidaṅgoe, 7.

Crocodile │Kinyaṅ, 7 │(_Masai_, │Kinyaṅ, 7.

│ │Ôl-ginyaṅ) │

Crow │Iguru, 5 │(Ki-taita, Ṅgolo, │Ikuru, 5.

│ │9) │

Day │Nyimo, 5; pl. │Mfiri, 3 │Zwale-muka?

│Mumo. 6 │ │

Dawn │Ṅgameni, 9 │ │Heabu, 16.

│ │ │Čičafoiči

Death │Akomeka, 1 │ │(relative, the

│ │ │thing which is

│ │ │dead?)

Devil │Asuko, 1 │ │Luhuṅgu, 11; pl.

│ │ │10.

│ │Kite, 7; │Kibaru (also

Dog │Mbara, 9 │(Ki-kamba, Ṅgite, │Jackal).

│ │7) │

Donkey │Ndsoi, 9 │(Lu-ganda, Ndogoi)│Nǰoe, 9.

Door │Mwoṅgo, 3 │ │Nimbenge, 5.

Dream │Nyalodia, 5 │ │Waota (? They

│ │ │dream).

Drum │ │Mtiṅgo, 3 │Ṅgoma, 9.

Dwarf │Agu’ana, 1 │ │Mfuhi, 1.

Eagle │Imaruea, 5 │ │

Ear │Kudu, 15 │ │Isikio, 5.

Egg │Liboro, 5 │ │Igi, 5.

Elbow │Okokuo, 11 │(Lu-ganda, │Ikokora, 5.

│ │Lukokola, 11) │

Elephant │Ndofu, 9; pl. 6 │ │Nzobu, 9.

Eunuch │Mavumi, 1 │ │Acigo-makedi.

Evil │Kibicu, 7 │ │Kiwiwi, 7.

Excrement │Marifi, 6 │ │Mavi, 6.

Eye │Riso, 5 │Riso, 5 │Jiso, 5.

„ lid │Mbawa, 9 │ │

„ brow │Nyinyili, 5 │ │

Face │Kiamu, 7 │ │Nibušo, 5.

Fat │Mafuda, 6 │ │Mafuta, 5.

Father │Baba, 1 │ │Mpapa, 1.

Fear │Owu, 11 │ │Nifoli, 5.

Feather │Mberi, 9 │ │

│ │Munyu, 3 │

Finger │Kimunu, 7 │(Ki-kamba, Čaa, │Ibiča, 5.

│ │Ki-nyika, Čala) │

Fire │Môdo, 3 │ │Môto, 3.

Fish │Ikuṅga, 5 │(Ki-kamba, Kuyu, │Ṅguluma, 9.

│ │7) │

Flower │Kivaro, 7 │ │Kiwaro, 7.

Food │Nyirafuna, 5 │ │Nikijo, 5.

Fool │Kitondo, 7; │ │Ewukwa, 1; 3rd.

│Mtondo, 1 │ │pers. verb.

Foot │Nyawayo, 9; │ │Niwatu, 9.

│Nutufü, 11 │ │

Foreskin │Ibutu, 5 │ │Ṅgigwala, 9.

Forest │Msudu, 3 │ │Ṅkititu, 7.

Fowl │Ṅguku, 9 │Ṅguku, 9 │Ṅguku, 9.

│Nzudu, 9. (This │ │

│is the name given│ │

│to a wild dog │ │

Fox │which barks │ │

│loudly; probably │ │

│_Canis │ │

│simensis_.) │ │

Friend │Mbuia, 9 and 1 │ │Mbuia, 9 and 1.

Frog │Ṅgeli, 9 │ │Ndunda, 9.

Fruit │Mfuranˇe, 3 │ │

│Sarulía. (This is│ │

│the name often │ │

Gazelle │given to │ │

│_Neotragus │ │

│Kirkii_.) │ │

Ghost │Ṅgilio, 9; pl. 6 │ │

Giraffe │Nyôli, 9 │ │Ndea, 9.

Girl │Mgogo, 1 │ │Munumuče, 1.

Glass │Kimele, 7 │ │

Goat │Mburi, 9 │Mburi, 9 │Mbuǰi, 9.

God │Eruwa, 5 (_vide_ │Ruwa, 5 │Nizuwa, 5.

│Sun) │ │

Grass │Mara, 6 │ │Mani, 6.

Grave │Karika, 13 │ │

Ground │Wanda, 16 │ │Ntere, 9.

Guinea-fowl │Iraṅa, 5 │ │Ṅgelélé, 9.

Gum (of teeth) │Išino, 5 │ │

Gun │Walebolo, 14; │ │

│Ṅgebolebolo, 9 │ │Ṅkipolopolo, 7.

„ powder │Baruti │(_Swahili-Arabic_,│Baruti.

│ │Baruti) │

Hair │Ndzui, Nǰi, 9 │Nzui, 9 │Nyui, 9.

Half │Ukeṅga, 14 │ │Kihindi, 7.

Hand │Mkono, 3; pl. │Kuwoko, 15 │Niganza, 5.

│Mawoko, 6, irreg.│ │

Hawk │Nyokoro, 11 │(Ki-kamba, Kilui, │Kilwi, 7.

│ │7) │

Head │Mudo, 3 │Murue, 3 │Mutwe, 3.

Heart │Ṅgōō, 9 │(Ki-taita, Ṅgolo, │Ṅgoro, 9.

│ │9) │

Heaven │Mabuži, 6 │ │Ndēē, 9.

Heel │Utufo, 14; │ │Ntutunyi, 9.

│Nyutufo, 11 │ │

Hill │Ibiči, 5 │ │Ṅduwi, 9.

Hippopotamus │Ṅgerre, 9 │Ṅgerere, 9 │Ṅgerere, 9.

Hoe │Ikumbi, 5 │(Lu-gauda, Ṅkumbi,│Ṅkwima, 9.

│ │9) │

Honey │Wuki, 14 │ │Nzoki, 9.

Horn │Membe, 9? │ │Luhembe, 11; pl.

│ │ │Mbembe.

House │Numba, 9 │Nyumba, 9 │Nyumba, 9.

Hunger │Nǰāā, 9 │ │Nzāā, 9.

Hyena │Ifulu, 5 │(Kongo, Mbulu, 9) │Nibao, 5.

Hyrax │Kimburu, 7 │ │

Ichneumon │Muha, 1 │ │

Insect │Idudu, 5 │ │Mukarakara, 1.

Iron │Maringa, 6 │ │Menya, 9?

Island │Nrua, 9 │(Ki-taita, Kinwa, │Ndiwa, 9.

│ │7) │

Ivory │Mahēho, 6 │ │Idyegu la Nzobu,

│ │ │5.

Knee │Nyindru, nyindi, │(Ki-nyika, Vuindi,│Ikunguru, 5.

│9 │9) │

Knife │Kiošo, 7 │ │Kahandi, 13.

Language │Matetu, 6 │ │Nakuwara? (I am

│ │ │speaking).

Leg │Mbuṅga, 9 │Kurende, 15 │Nikūū, 5.

Leopard │Iruṅ, Irumu, 5 │Mlula, 1 │Lukeri, 11.

Lion │Simba, 9 │Simba, 9 │Simba, 9.

Lip │Momo, 3? │ │Momō, 9.

Lizard │ │ │Sigabo, 9 or 5.

(Chameleon) │ │ │

„ │ │ │Lugwe, 11.

│Aluo, 1 │ │

Magic │(wizard?); Usawi,│Usawi, 14 │Wuγaṅga, 14.

│14 │ │

Maize │Mahemba, 6 │ │Mahemba, 6.

Man (homo) │Mundu, 1 │Mdu, 1; pl. Wandu.│Mundu.

(vir) │Msoro, 1 │ │

Market │Mboma, 9 │ │Kičinda, 7.

Meat │Nyama, 9 │ │Nyama, 9.

Milk │Mačuručuru, 6; │Mariwa, 6 │Mawee, mawere, 6.

│malela, 6 │ │

Monkey │Kinaṅgoyo, 7 │Ṅgima, 9 │Ṅgima, 9.

(_Colobus │Ndoh’o, 9; pi. │ │Ṅgo, 9.

guereza_) │mandoh’o, 6 │ │

Moon │Mwere, 3 │ │Mwzi, 3.

Morning and │Ṅgameni, 9 │ │Heabu, 16.

morrow │ │ │

Mother │Wama, 1; pl. same│ │Iya, 9; pl.

│ │ │Niwaya, 10.

Mountain │Msari, 3 │ │Ndui, 9.

Mouth │Lumbu, 5; pl. │ │Momo, 9.

│malumbu, 6 │ │

Nail (finger and│Nučaa, 11; pl. │ │Lukombwe, 11; pl.

toe) │nǰaa, 10 │ │ṅgombwe, 10.

Name │Rina, 5 │ │Nizina, 5.

Navel │Ṅkimbumbuču, 7 │ │Mkudu, 9.

Neck │Nzingo, 9 │ │Nisingo, 9;

│ │ │nigoši, 9.

Needle │Sindano, 9 │ │Luγumba, 11.

Night │Kwaela, 15; mema,│(Ki-taita, Kiru, │Hekiu, 16; Wiu,

│9; kiu, 9 │9) │14.

Nose │Mbua, 9 │Mbua, 9 │Nifuo, 9.

Old person │Mēgu, 9 │ │Muγosi, 1.

Ostrich │Nyah’a, 9 │ │Nyaγa, 9.

Ox │Ṅombe, 9; Mbe, 9 │Ṅumbi, 9 │Ṅombe, 9.

Peace │Mbuïa-tzimo, 1 │ │

│(one friend) │ │

Penis │Mbolu, 9; Mkia, 3│Mčunu │Nǰabo, 9 (_vide_

│ │ │Masai).

Pig │Ṅguwe, 9 │ │Ṅgūwe, 9.

Pigeon │Mbeta, 9 │ │Nibeta, 5.

Pipe │Išaṅgo, 5 │ │Lumoti, 11.

Place │Wanda, wandra, │Handu, 16 │Handu, 16.

│wandu, 16 │ │

Porcupine │Nyisasa, 5 │(Ki-taita, Isasa, │Nzege, 9.

│ │5) │

Potatoes │Ṅgumba, 9 │ │Ṅgumba, 9.

(sweet) │ │ │

Prostitute │Msura, 1 │(Ki-swahili, Sura │

│ │= concubine) │

Quietness │Mbuho, 9 │ │

Rain │Mvuo, 9 │ │Mvua, 9.

Rat │Ṅgyah’a, 9 │ │Ṅgoswe, 9.

Rhinoceros │Mbura, 9 │(Lu-ganda, Ṅkula, │Mburia, 9.

│ │9) │

River │Mfoṅgo, 3 │(Zulu, Mfula 3) │Mfuro, 3.

Road │Nǰila, 9 │ │Nzia, 9.

Roof │Mčalo, 3; Ndiṅgo,│ │

│9 │ │

Saliva │Mada, 6 │ │Mate, 6.

Sand │Nteri, 9 │ │

Semen │Uro, 14 │ │

Shadow │Nteru, 9 │(Ki-nyika, Kivuli)│Kiwuri, 7.

Sheep │Coōndi, 7; pl. │Mondo, 9 │Ṅonǰe, 9.

│Šiondi. │ │

Shield │Ṅgawo │ │Ṅgao, 9.

Sickness │Awabiu, 1 │ │

Sister │Mšigiogo, 1 │ │

Skin │Ncoiń, 9 (_vide_ │ │Kikonde, 7.

│Masai) │ │

Sky │Erua, 5 │ │Waṅga-izeri, 14.

Slave │Nyišinga, 5 │ │

│(_vide_ Masai) │ │

Sleep │Alā, 1 │ │Kušinzia, 15.

Small-pox │Mašigi, 6 │ │Nišiko, 5.

Smith │Ṅgaṅga, 9 │ │Mšana, 1.

Smoke │Muzu, 3 │Mtzi, 3 │Moši, 3.

Snake │Nǰoka, 9 │ │Nyoka, 9.

Snuff │Mbatu │ │Tumbatu-ninwe.

Son │Kimana, 7 (13?); │ │Mwana, 1.

│Mpaka, 9 │ │

Song │Aimba, 1 (he │ │

│sings) │ │

Soul │ │ │Ṅgôro, 9.

Spear │Mbere, 9 (_vide_ │Nifumo, 5 │Ničumo, 5.

│Masai) │ │

Speech │Kafo, 13 │ │

Spider │Mbuhu, 9 │ │Mburazizi, 9.

Spirit │Usawi, ? 14 │ │Ṅgoma, 9.

│ │(Ki-nyika, │

Star │Nyenyeri, 9 │Nyenyesi, 9); │Ndondo, 9.

│ │Ki-taita, Ndonde, │

│ │9 │

Stick │Kiri, 7 │ │Nisibo, 5.

Stomach │Maula, 6 │ │Matumbo, 6.

Stone │Nyiho, 5 │ │Nibabwe, 5.

Sugar-cane │Nyihuwa, 5 │(Ki-taita, Mugera,│Nimugua, 5.

│ │3) │

Sun │Erūa, 5 │Ruwa, 5 │Nizua, 5.

Sweat │Nǰuki, 9 │ │Masuṅgu, 6.

Sweet potato │Kiašanda, 7 │ │

Sword │Ošu, 11 │ │Muhandi, 3.

Syphilis │Mbuwa, 9 │ │

Tail │Mwasi, pl. Ṅgasi,│ │Kitizi, 7.

│9 and 10 │ │

Tale │Irigia, 5 │ │Luγano, 11.

Tear │Afuha (verb); │ │Masoǰi, 6.

│Mčeṅgeri, 3 │ │

Testicles │Mbolu-tašimba, 9 │ │Mbumba, 9;

│ │ │makedi, 6.

Thief │Aiwa, 1; Ilaṅgo, │ │Mdu wa hiwa, 1.

│5 │ │

Thigh │Nikisowu, 5 │ │Nikiγa, 9.

Thing │Kindu, 7 │Kindu, 7 │Kindu, 7.

Thorn │Muša, 3 │ │Nimuowa, 9.

Thread │Nyuruso, 11 │ │Luzigi, 11.

Throat │Nyoro, 9 │(Ki-taita, Iraṅgi,│Muraṅgi, 3.

│ │5) │

Thumb │Munu-mnene, 3; │ │Kiča, 7.

│Nohi, 11 │ │

Thunder │Ṅgururuma, 9 │ │Mvua-ruruma, 9.

Tobacco │Mbatu, 9 │ │Tumbatu, 9.

To-day │Lalu, 9 │ │Nio, 9.

Toe │Ṅkimnyo, 7 │ │Kiča, 7.

To-morrow │Ṅgama, 9 │ │Niawo, 9.

Tongue │Noilimi, 11 │Nuilimi, 11; pl. │Nilumi, 5.

│ │Malutimi, 6 │

Tooth │Nihēho, 5 │Niyē’o, 5 │Niǰēgo, 5.

Town │Kānie, 13?; Muri,│ │Mwaṅga, 3.

│3 │ │

Tree │Muri, 3 │Muri, 3 │Muti, 3.

Trench │Mfo, 3 │ │Nitego, 5.

Tribe │ │(Ki-taita, Mbari, │Mbare.

│ │9) │

Trumpet │Nyombe, 9 │ │Ndurere, 9.

│Sorindi, 9; │ │

Truth │Ṅga-leh’a (verb, │ │Kakudidi, 13.

│1st pers.) │ │

Twin │Mbasa, 9 │(Ki-nyika, Patsa, │Maza.

│ │9) │

Ulcer │Nyodi, 5 │ │Kionda, 7.

│ │ │Mdu-aweya, 1

│ │ │(Mother’s

Uncle │Migi, 1 │ │brother).

│ │ │Mdu-awapa, 1

│ │ │(Father’s

│ │ │brother).

Urine │Maǰi, 6 │ │Makozo, 6

Vagina │Mbula, 9; Kinu, 9│Nirako, 5 │Kiši, 7

Valley │Mbǰini, 9 │ │Kongo, 9

│Muka, 1. (This is│ │

│the translation │ │

│given by the │ │

│natives, although│ │

Virgin │in both cases it │ │Mbora, 1

│merely means │ │

│woman. They have │ │

│no precise term │ │

│for virginity.) │ │

Voice │Afua (verb) │ │Nigonda, 5.

Vulture │Mtoń, 1 │(Ki-kamba, Ndei, │Ndei, 9.

│ │9) │

War │Ṅgondu, 9 │(Ki-nyiki, Ṅgondu,│Ṅgondo, 9.

│ │9) │

Water │Mariṅga, 6 │(Kongo, Nlaṅgu, 9,│Mlaṅai, 3;

│ │4) │Mbombe, 9.

Week │Ṅgikumi, 7 (ten │ │Misi Mfuṅgate, 4

│days) │ │(seven days).

Widow │ │ │Ṅgaviani.

Wife │Mwanawaka, 1 │ │Mče, 1.

│Mbora, 1 │ │

Wind │Ndimu, 9; Mbeko, │ │Ṅguṅgu, 9.

│9 │ │

Wing │Nikuṅgu, 5 │ │Ṅizaγu, 5.

Witch │Aloa, 1 │ │Msawi, 1.

Witchcraft │Usawi, 14 │Usawi, 14 │Usawi, 14.

Wizard │Aloa, 1 │ │Msawi, 1.

Woman │Mbora, 1 │Mka, 1 │Mče, 1.

Id.: remaining│ │ │

unmarried—old │Muhumba, 1 │ │Ndasa, 9.

maid │ │ │

Wood │ │ │Lukuni, 11.

Word │Iteta, 5 │ │Nakuwara (I

│ │ │speak).

Year │Mwaka, 3 │ │Nisika, 5.

Yesterday │Alā-kiu (he │ │Niwu, 9.

│sleeps at night) │ │

Zebra │Nitiko, 5 (_vide_│Nitiko, 5 │Lutiko, 11

│Masai) │ │(_vide_ Masai).

NUMERALS.

1 │Kimo, -mo[87] │Umuē, -ume │Moši, -muezo.

2 │Šivi. -bi, -vi, │Wawi, -wi │Mere, -ere.

│-wi │ │

3 │-raro │Raro, -raro │Ndatu, -tatu.

4 │-nna │Ne, -ne │-inne.

5 │-tano │Tano, -tano │-sano.

6 │-ndaru │Randaro │-tandatu.

7 │Fuṅgare │Fuṅgate │Mfuṅgate.

8 │Nyanya │-nana │-nane.

9 │Nikenda │Kenda │Kenda.

10 │Kumi │Nikumi │Kumi.

11 │Kumi na kimo │Nikumi na umuē │Kumi na kimuezo.

12, &c. │„ na šivi, &c. │„ „ wawi │Kumi na viwi, &c.

20 │Makumi gawi │Ṅakumi awi │Makumi mere.

21, &c. │„ na kimo, &c.│„ na umuē, &c. │„ na kimuezo,

│ │ │&c.

30 │Makumi gararo │Makumi araro │Makumi matutu.

40 │„ ganna │„ ana │Maku’manne.

50 │„ gatano │„ atano │Makumi asano.

60 │„ garandaru │„ arandaro │„ atandatu.

70 │„ mfuṅgare │„ mfuṅgare │„ fuṅgate.

80 │„ nyanya │„ anana │„ anane.

90 │„ kenda │„ kenda │„ kenda.

100 │Ṅgama │Niγana │Niγana.

1000 │Lule │Kangi kumi │Iraγana kumi.

½ │Ukeṅga, 14 │ │Kihindi, 7.

¼ │Nututo, 11; │ │Vihindi, 8.

│Kenga, 10 │ │

ADJECTIVES.

│-ose (wose, yose,│ │-ose (wose, yose,

All │tzose, gose, &c.,│-oše │ǰose &c.,

│according to │ │according to

│concord) │ │concord).

Bad │-bi, -biču │ │-wiwi.

Beautiful │-ča (_vide_ Good)│ │-wedi (_vide_

│ │ │Good).

Bitter │Ṅgawawa │ │-wawa.

Black │-rusa │(Ki-nyika, nyiru) │-ǰiru.

Blind │Meso gafa (_lit._│ │Emaǰi-kimeso.

│eyes dead) │ │

Blue │-rusa, -rusu │ │-ṅgoniṅgoni.

Bold │Auko-marima │ │Tena-foli (he has

│ │ │no fear).

Broad │Ṅgirinǰi │ │-arame.

Castrated │Ifutu? │ │Tena-makede.

Cheap │Nga-m-lemba (I │ │

│cheat him) │ │

Clean │Yačia │ │-azera.

Clever, cunning │Nyaṅana │ │-čēē.

Dead │-fa │ │-fwa.

Deaf │Maru-afa (ears │ │

│dead) │ │

Dear │Yabičuo │ │

Drunken │Anaṅgo │ │Eṅge; Aeṅgeya.

Dry │Nyosa │(Ki-taita, Oma) │Haoma (refers to

│ │ │class 16).

Dumb │Nyaši │ │-guguma.

Every │Ilibana (verbal │ │Killa.

│form) │ │

Fat │Nyaṅana muno │ │-ebandi.

Female │-ka │ │-če.

Few │-tutu │ │-doṅgu.

Fierce │-senge │ │-ekahe.

Filthy │-hōyo │ │-enaikwe.

Fine (narrow, │-suse │ │-zeri.

delicate) │ │ │

Foreign │-wanǰa │ │-geni.

Free │ │ │-huǰi.

Fresh (raw) │-hiēvo │ │-bise.

Gentle │-ṅgula │ │

Good │-ča │ │-wedi.

Great │-ṅaneǰi; aṅana │ │-baha.

Green │Maranǰa │ │-bisi.

Handsome │-ačia │ │-wedi.

Happy │-huri │ │Aṅara.

Hard │-mumu-mumu │ │-šini; -dindie.

Having, │-enye │ │-enye.

possessing │ │ │

Healthy │Megu? │ │-dindie.

Heavy │-gunǰa │ │-eme.

High │-sali │ │-eza.

Hot │Mfoiha │ │-nwe; Moto.

Idle │-kiwa │ │-doko.

Jealous │Nya-eṅa │ │

Left (hand) │Kumoso │ │Kumoso.

Little │-boma │ │-doṅgo.

Long │-leše │ │-weza.

Mad │-suko; nya-suko │ │-ewukwa.

Male │-soro; Mbuṅga │ │-ume.

Many │-iṅgi │ │-iṅgi.

Mean │-ehē │ │-edindie.

Naked │Ntondo │ │-ehotuho.

│(simplicity) │ │

Narrow │-sari │ │-sisiri.

New │Nzaru │ │-ša.

Old │-kū │ │-asakāā.

Open │-ruwo │ │

Other │Nyumu │ │-ṅgi.

Plenty │Ntamu │ │

Poor │-roko │ │-kiwa.

Quick │-ṅgula │ │

Quiet │-rarere; │ │-hoye.

│Tzirarere │ │

Raw │-bisi │ │-bisi.

│Ṅare-ṅare; │ │

Red │nya-rera │ │

│(copper-coloured)│ │

Rich │Nǰamu │ │-fumwa (to be

│ │ │chief).

Right (hand) │Kulyo │ │Kume (_lit._,

│ │ │“male”).

Ripe │Nyenyele; -lali │ │-wibwa.

Rotten │-biču │ │

Same │-hiana │ │-fwanane.

Short │-šimba │ │-fuhi.

Sick │-goro │ │-ewaǰua.

Sour │-wawa │ │-čikie.

Strong │-laṅa │ │-ečēē.

Sweet │-čora │ │-enona.

Thick │-šimba │ │-ebandie; Wuruti.

Thin │-suse │ │-sisiri.

Weak │-ṅgula │ │

Weary │-čoka │ │-remwa.

White │-bô[88]; Pia │ │-dyewa.

Young │-gogo. │ │-doṅgo.

PRONOUNS.

I │Nyinyi; nǰi-, ṅg-│(Ki-gweno, Nyi-, │Mi, n-.

│ │Ninyi) │

Thou │Šiowo; wu-, u- │Wu- │Uwe, u-, wu-.

He, she, &c. │Yiowu; a- │ │Iye, e-.

We │Lukeria; lu- │ │Uswi, tu-.

You │? Mu- │ │Unwi, mu-.

They │Awa; wa- │ │Wawo, wa-.

Me │-n-, -ni- │ │-ni-.

Thee │-ku- │ │-ku-, -kw-.

Him │-m-, -mu- │ │-m-, -mu-.

Us │-lu- │ │-tu-.

You │-mu- │ │-m-, -mu-.

Them │-wa- │ │-wa-.

Mine │-ako │ │-aṅgu.

Thine │-fu │ │-ako.

His │-akwe; -nola? │ │-akwe.

Our │-aru, -ru │ │-etu.

Your │-nyi │ │-enyu.

Their │-wo │ │-awo.

(For DEMONSTRATIVES, &c., _see_ Tables of Concords.)

Who? │Ṅkiča │ │Niani?

Whom │-iki-? │ │-ani-?

What? │Kiki? │ │Kini?

Whose? │-ile? │ │-kweni?

(For which, &c., _vide_ Tables of Concords.)

VERBS.[89]

Able (be) │-weza │ │-idima (_vide_

│ │ │Masai).

Adorn │-čia │ │-areha.

Adultery │-rumka │ │-šinda.

(commit) │ │ │

Agree │-gundana │ │-kundana.

Angry (be) │-waloana │ │-regidya.

Answer │-gambia ṅgile. │ │

Arrive │-wara │ │-fika.

Ask │-gunda │ │-budyanye.

Awake │-gura, -ra │(Ki-kamba, -amuka)│-wuka.

Bake (pottery) │-gora │ │-wumba.

Bark │ │ │-aboha.

Bathe │-samba │ │-oγa.

Be │-ba │ │-wa.

Beat │-kapa │ │-biga.

Begin │-čiu │ │-hira.

Believe │ │ │-enǰa.

Bewitch │-loga, -loa │(Ki-taita, │-oga.

│ │Ku-loga) │

Bite │-nyaši, -mari │ │-nyuma.

Blow │-nyaϑa │ │-nifuta.

Boil │-ndua │ │-nǰmoa.

Born (be) │-aša │ │

Break │-funǰa │ │-bā.

Breathe │-elo │ │-hema.

Breed │-ganumba │ │-moγa.

Bring │-wikia │(Ki-swahili, │-ete.

│ │-lete) │

Build │-šiṅga │ │-ǰenga.

Burn │-numbaha │ │-aša.

Burst │-anduka │ │

Bury │-ruo │ │

Buy │-ndeūla, -ka │ │-zora.

Call │-alaγa │ │-itaṅge.

Can │-weza │ │-idima (_vide_

│ │ │Masai).

Carry │-rika │ │-tikie.

Carve │-pačaneča │ │-soṅgoa.

(sculpture) │ │ │

Castrate │-arino │ │-čua.

│ │(Ki-swahili, │

Catch │-kamara │-kamata; Ki-nyika,│-gura.

│ │-kuira) │

Change │-busuo │ │

Chase │-lasa │ │-matuka, -asa.

Cheat │-lemba │ │-kenga.

Choose │-rua │(Ki-kamba, -nuva; │-sawura.

│ │Ki-taita, -sagula)│

Circumcise │-arino? │ │-tawanwa (pass.).

Clean │-pačaneča │ │-oǰa.

Climb │-aro │ │-kwea.

Come │-ǰa │ │-za (nzo, imp.).

Cook │-kora │ │-ruγa.

│-lamba; -paro │ │

Copulate │(for the first │ │-tomba.

│time) │ │

Cough │-karuo │ │-mbaǰa.

Cover │-fiṅgia; -funuo │ │-ǰiwa.

Crack │-abarika │ │-baǰika.

Cross │-fumaho │ │-kela.

Cry │-alaha; afūa │ │-iyia.

Curse │-ruma │ │

Cut │-wehaho │ │-tema.

Dance │-šina │(Kongo, -kina) │-toroka.

Destroy │-tiča │ │-kašina.

Die │-fa; -komeka │ │-fwa.

│(vanish) │ │

Dig │-selūo; -rema │(Swahili, -lima) │-fora.

│(hoe) │ │

Do │-wuta │ │-areha.

Dream │-loria │ │-ota.

Drink │-nyuwa │ │-nwa.

Dye │-sanǰa │ │

Eat │-la, -lya │ │-la.

Enter │-henda (to go?) │ │-iṅgia.

Erect │-lyika, -kura │ │-somia, -dondoša

│(obscene) │ │(obscene).

Fall │-aho │ │-gwa.

Fatten │-ṅana │ │-banda.

Fear │-awo │ │-sikia foli.

Feel │-wareware (touch)│ │-guragura.

Fight │-wahana │ │-bigana.

Finish │-iča │ │-hira.

Fly │-runduka │ │-buruka.

Follow │ │ │-ratera.

Forbid │-suo, -aleha │ │-asua.

Forget │-aharima │ │-iwa.

Get │-wara │ │-wona.

Give │-neka, -pa │(Zulu, -nika; │-iṅga.

│ │Ki-kamba, -nenga);│

Go │-henda, -tonga │(Ki-gweno, γenda) │-tonga.

Grow │-aro (climb?) │ │-mbaha.

Hang (a thing) │-anonoka │ │

„ a man │-seṅgelela │ │

Hate │-suo? │ │

Have │-kere na (“sit │ │

│with” = possess) │ │

Heal │-ačia │ │-hoa.

Hear │-ranya │ │-sikia.

Help │ │ │-loša.

Hide │-rika │ │-visa.

Hit │-kapa │ │-biga.

Hoe │-rema │ │-ima.

Hold │-anduho │ │-nagura.

Hunt │-alasa; -henda │ │-rā́tere.

│alasa │ │

Ill (be) │-luo │ │-waǰua.

Jump │-runduka (fly) │ │-toroka.

Keep │-suruma │ │-gure.

Kill │-waha │ │-koma

Know │-manya │(Lu-ganda, -manyi;│-tisiwa.

│ │Ki-swahili, -jua) │

Laugh │-seka │ │-seka.

Leave │ │ │-šiγa.

Lick │-gombaho │ │-sona.

Lift │-raho │ │-meγwa.

Like │-kunda, -wesa │ │-kundie.

Look │-mbuya │ │-iyuwa.

Lose │-reta │ │-teka.

Love │-kunda │ │-kundineso.

Make │-oka │ │-areh’a.

Marry │-riča │ │-owa.

Meet │-gumhanana │ │-torana.

Menstruate │-čora │ │-mčarua.

Milk │-kama │ │-kama.

Mix │-sanǰa │ │-ruṅganya.

Obey │-bahe │ │

Open │-fuṅguo │ │-nd’ugüa.

Pass │-raïa │ │-wetia.

Plant │-awaïa │ │-handa.

Pregnant (be) │-wurô │ │-me.

Prick │-roǰa │ │-tuṅga.

Pull │-ruarua │ │-uta, -nd’yuta.

Push │-tindiga │ │-šindik’a.

Put │-wekaho │ │-wikia.

Putrefy │-wira; -nyara │ │-woa.

Quarrel │-loëa │ │-regid’a.

Rain │-kaba │ │-biγa.

Return │-ča │ │-nduki.

Run │-riǰa │ │-matuka.

Say │-hamba, gamba │ │-tete.

See │-wona │ │-wona.

Seek │-nyinyina │ │-enda.

Seize │-ruo │ │-gura.

Sell │-leria │ │-ntaγa.

Send │-kuneka; -neka │ │-tuma.

Sew │-fuma │ │-čuma.

Shake │-sikasika │ │-hira.

Shave │-ora │ │-enǰa.

Shoot │-ruita │ │-asa.

Show │-ambuïa │ │-onia.

Shut │-fuṅga │ │-fiṅga.

Sing │-uimba │ │-wina.

Sit │-ramia │ │-ikaa.

Skin │-tana │ │-sinza.

Sleep │-lala │ │-nšinžia.

Smell (active) │-rumšia │ │-nuša.

„ (neuter) │-nuka │ │-nyuka.

Smile │-šinika │ │-kišiniko.

Smoke │-ifia │ │

Sow seeds │-wirawira │ │-handa.

Steal │-iwa │ │-iwa.

Swallow │-mera │ │-meia.

Swear │-alanyamu │ │-sua?

Take │-ruo │ │-anha.

Talk │-wesa │ │-teta.

Taste │-nunsa │ │

Tear │-randu │ │-badika

Tell │-wesa │ │-ura.

Think │-larere │ │-regid’i?

Thirst │-ṅga │ │

Throw │-kumba │ │-taga.

Tie │-fuṅga │ │-nčuṅga.

Tire │-lemo │ │-remwa.

Touch │-angasaho; │ │-činda.

│-wareware │ │

Tremble │-arerema │ │-dedema.

Understand │-rikia │ │-sikia.

Urinate │-hama │ │-kosoa.

Vanish │-komeka │(Ki-nyika, komeka,│

│ │to vanish, die.) │

Vomit │-arēga │ │-detaëka.

Walk │-henda mbuho │ │-tonga kusela.

Want │-kunda │ │-kunda.

Wash │-sanǰa │ │-odia.

Wear │-raë │ │-doka.

Weave │-oga │ │

Weep │-afua │ │-eïa.

Whisper │-weweria │ │-weweda.

Whistle │-murori │ │-biga mrosi.

Wish │-kunda │ │-kunda.

Write │-reh’a │ │-tama.

Yawn │-lya mwaë │ │-biga miaïo.

SOME TENSES OF THE VERB IN KI-ČAGA AND KI-TAVEITA.

(_The pronominal particle attached to the verb is in italics._)

Ku-neka, _To give_. │ Ku-tonga, _To go_.

│

PRESENT. │ PRESENT.

Sing. 1 pers. _Ṅga._ } neka, _I │Sing. 1 pers. _Ni_-hu-_ni_-toṅga,

give_. │ _I am going_.

_Nǰi_ } neka, _I give_. │

„ 2 „ _Wu_-neka, _Thou │„ 2 „ _U_-k’-_u_-toṅga, _Thou

givest_. │ art going_.

„ 3 „ _A_-neka, _He gives_. │„ 3 „ _E_-kw-_e_-toṅga, _He

│ is going_.

Plur. 1 „ _Lu_-neka, _We give_.│Plur. 1 „ _Tu_-ku-_tu_-toṅga,

│ _We are going_.

„ 2 „ _Mu_-neka, _You give_. │„ 2 „ _Mu_-ku-_mu_-toṅga,

│ _You are going_.

„ 3 „ _Wa_-neka, _They give_.│„ 3 „ _Wa_-ku-_wa_-toṅga,

│ _They are going_.

│

PAST (IMPERFECT). │(This a curious affirmative form of

│ the _present_ in common use; the

│ true simple present has become

│ the _past_.)

Sing. 1 pers. Li-ka-_nǰi_-neka, _I │ „

was giving_. │

„ 2 „ Li-ka-_wu_-neka, _Thou │ „

wast giving_. │

&c. &c. │ „

│

PAST (PERFECT). │ PAST (PERFECT).

Sing. 1 pers. _Ṅǰi_-li-neka, _I │Sing. 1 pers. _Na_-toṅga, _I went_.

gave_. │

│„ 2 „ _Wu_-toṅga, _Thou

│ went_.

│„ 3 „ _E_-toṅga, _He went_.

&c. &c. │&c. &c.

│

FUTURE. │ FUTURE.

Sing. 1 pers. _Ṅga_-ku-neka, _I │Sing. 1 pers. _Na_-ku-toṅga, _I

shall give_. │ shall go_.

&c. &c. │&c. &c.

│

IMPERATIVE. │ IMPERATIVE.

Sing. 2 pers. Neka, _Give thou_. │Sing. 2 pers. Toṅga, _Go thou_.

Plur. 2 „ Nekani, _Give ye_. │Plur. 2 „ Tongani, _Go ye_.

I cannot ascertain the subjunctive (if there is any), nor am I able to

make out some of the more complicated tenses of the verb. It seems to me

that both in Ki-čaga and Ki-taveita—as in Ki-swahili and some other

North-eastern Bantu tongues—the verbal forms have undergone considerable

degradation and obliteration, just as happens in our own English tongue.

There is no trace of that mode of forming the preterite tense by a true

inflection, which may be observed in the majority of existing Bantu

languages, and which was certainly present in the mother-speech.

The negative is formed (in connection with the verb) by incorporating

certain particles with the pronominal prefixes. These together form the

following mode of expressing negation:—

KI-ČAGA. │KI-TAVEITA.

Sing. 1 pers. _Si_-neka, _I give │Sing. 1 pers. _Si_-toṅga-mi, _I go

not_. │ not_.

„ 2 „ [90] _Hu_-neka, _Thou │„ 2 „ _Tu_-toṅga-we, _Thou

givest not_. │ goest not_.

„ 3 „ _Ha_-neka, _He gives │„ 3 „ _Te_-toṅga-e, _He goes

not_. │ not_.

Plur. 1 pers. _Halu_-neka, _We give│Plur. 1 „ _Tetu_-toṅga-´swi,

not_. │ _We go not_.

„ 2 „ _Ham’_-neka, _You give │„ 2 „ _Tem´_-toṅga-´nwi, _You

not_. │ go not_.

„ 3 „ _Hawa_-neka, _They give│„ 3 „ _Tewa_-toṅga-´wo, _They

not_. │ go not_.

(In Ki-taveita the negation is always emphasized by repeating _after_

the verb the full forms of the personal pronoun, such as: mi, ´we, ´nwi,

´swi, &c. Si-tonga-mi would literally be “I am not going, I!” in the

sense of the French, “Je ne vais pas, moi!”)

A very emphatic negative adverb in Ki-čaga is Ôte, “no, certainly no,”

“not at all.”

Among the adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are:—

KI-ČAGA. │ KI-TAVEITA.

Na, _and_, _with_. │Na, _and_, _with_.

Ku, _to_. │Ku, _to_.

Wa, _on_. │Ha, _on_.

Kwa, _for_, _in order_. │Kwa, _for_, _in order_.

-a (wa, ya, za, la, &c., according │-a (wa, ya, kia, ǰa, la, &c.,

to concord), _of_. │ according to concord), _of_.

Wala, _but_. │Ela, _but_.

Gana, _or_. │

Kiki? _why?_ │Kini? _why?_

Neku? Ako? _where?_ │Kahe? _where?_