Italians ioyne such Articles, as the Substantiue requireth to which
they are ioyned, as thus_, Il mí[o] líbr[o]. I tuói fastídij s[ó]n[o] i
miẻi. La mía mán[o]. Le mie bráccia. Il tú[o] pádre. Le túe disgrátie.
La súa s[ó]rte. Il sú[o] giudíti[o]. Il nóstr[o] Dí[o] punísce i nóstri
peccati, La vóstra lẻttera. Le vóstre fórze. Il vóstr[o] sign[ó]re.
I vóstri guanti. La l[ó]r[o] f[o]rtúna. Il l[ó]r[o] fratẻll[o]. Le
l[ó]r[o] sciagùre. I l[ó]r[o] maríti, &c.
Of the Pronounes deriuatiues, or as some cal them Affixes, Adiuncts, or
Particles, Mi, Ti, Si, Ci, Vi, Ne, Te, Se, Ce, Ve, Ne, Mo, Ma, To, Ta,
So, which are so frequent in vse, and such an ornament or grace in the
Italian tongue, which because they are some what difficile, I will say
something of them.
_The aboue written Deriuatiues, Affixes, Adiuncts, or Particles are
very worthy of great consideration for the true vse of them, which few
English attaine vnto, though they haue beene in Italy, and because none
that euer I saw hath yet truely written of them; therefore pardon me,
I beseech your Royal Maiestie, if I seeme somewhat tedious or curious
in them. They are commonly ioyned vnto Verbes, and are euer of the
Datiue or Accusatiue cases, except verbs of Priuation, when they are
of the Ablatiue, as before hath beene touched: as for example,_ Lui
mi diẻde. Egli mi dísse. Ei mi c[o]n[ó]bbe ẻt súbit[o] mi prése. I[o]
ti díc[o] ẻ ti m[ó]str[o], ẻ ti végg[o], ẻ ti c[o]n[ó]sc[o]. Egli si
dà ad intẻndere di scusársi, ẻ s'accúsa da se stéss[o]. L[ó]r[o] si
dánn[o] a crédere di n[o]n m[o]nstrársi pázzi (_Of_ Si, _more shall
be said in this present Discourse._) Lui ci diẻde denári vedẻnd[o]ne
giuocáre. Di[o] vi hà dáta la súa gratia acciò vi pentiáte, &c. _Here
remember that_ Ci, _and_ Vi, _are often Aduerbes of place or locall
signifying Here and There, as thus,_ Se i[o] ci s[ó]n[o], n[o]n ci
vogli[o] ẻssere. I[o] n[o]n vi andái pẻr n[o]n tr[o]uárui l'amíc[o] che
pr[o]míse di ẻsserui, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note that_ Mi, Ti, Si, Ci, Vi, _may often be changed into_ Me, Te, Se,
Ce, Ve, _and yet are euer of one same signification, the_ I. _of which
is neuer changed into_ E. _but when any of them are ioyned or affixed
vnto some one of these Articles,_ Il. I. L[o]. Gli. La. Le. _or_ Ne.
_being an Aduerbe, and then are the Affixes of the Datiue case, and
the Articles of the Accusatiue cases, as this,_ Lúi me l[o] m[o]strò.
I[o] te l[o] diẻdi. I[o] te ne parlái. Egli se la béue. Essi se le
mangiór[o]n[o] sénza pentírsene. L[ó]r[o] ce ne hánn[o] parlát[o], ẻt
ce l[o] significór[o]n[o]. I[o] ce l[o] víddi. Lui ce ne diẻde, ẻt ce
ne féce párte. I[o] ve l[o] tr[o]uái. Di grátia n[o]n ve ne Scordáte.
N[o]n vogliáte cercárveli se n[o]n ve ne v[o]léte pentíre, &c.
. . . . . . .
_Note also that all these aboue written Particles_ Mi. Ti. Si. Ci. Vi.
Me. Te. Se. Ve. Ne. L[o]. La. _and_ Le. _may indifferently be vsed and
placed eyther before or after Verbes, at the pleasure of the speaker
or writer, as for example in the Datiue case,_ Mi piáce. Piácemi. Ti
gi[ó]ua. Gi[ó]uati. Si c[o]mpiáce. C[o]mpiácesi. Ci dilẻtta. Dilẻttaci.
Vi piáce. Piáceui. Si c[o]mpiáci[o]n[o]. C[o]mpiáci[o]nsi. _And
Accusitiuely,_ Mi vidde. Viddemi. Tí accúsa. Accúsati. Si m[ó]stra.
M[ó]strasi. Ci áma. Ámaci. Vi truóua. Truóuaui.
_But remember that if the Verbe haue an accent ouer the last vowell,
as_ M[o]strerò, D[o]nò, Dirà, Farà, Starà, Dà, È, _and that you will
place the Particle after the verbe (as you may at your pleasure) the
consonant of them ought euer to bee doubled, whereas before the Verbe
it ought to be single, as for example,_ Ti m[o]strerò, M[o]strerótti,
Mi d[o]nò, D[o]nómmi, Si dirà, Dirássi, Si farà, Farássi, Ci dà,
Dácci, Ci ẻ del béne? Ecci del béne, Vi farò vedére, Faróuui vedére.
Ve ne ẻ dauánz[o], Éuuene pur trópp[o]. Le d[o]nò il cuóre, D[o]nólle
il cuóre, Se ne andò. Andóssene vía. Si trouò fuóri. Trouóssi fuóri.
Le trouò che d[o]rmíuan[o]. Trouólle che d[o]rmíuan[o]. Ne dà. Dánne.
Ne fà. Fánne, &c. _Note withall that none of these Particles should
be vsed before any Infinitiue mood, Gerond or Participle (an error
wherein many Englishmen fall very often) as_ Mi fáre, Ti díre, Si
m[o]nstrand[o], Si dicẻnd[o], Si pentít[o], Si trouát[o], Ci fáre, Ci
trouáre, Vi facẻnd[o], Vi parland[o], Ne vedẻnd[o], Ne trouánd[o], &c.
_but you must euer say_ Fármi, Dírti, Fárci, Trouárci, _euer losing the
last vowell of the Infinitue._ Dicẻnd[o]si, Facẻnd[o]si, Pentít[o]si,
Trouát[o]si, Facẻnd[o]ui, Parlánd[o]vi, Vedẻnd[o]ne, Tr[o]uánd[o]ne,
&c.
. . . . . . .
_It is not amisse if you note that_ Se, _is sometimes an Aduerbe of
doubt, as thus,_ Se _if,_ Se púre _if so be that,_ Se però _if yet as,_
Se tu ámi Di[o] _if thou loue God, &c._
. . . . . . .
_Note also that these Affixes, or Participles are sometimes vsed
among good Italians for an ornament or grace of speech rather then
for necessity, and ioyning many times two or three together, as for
example,_ Egli si créde, _He belieueth himselfe, or to himselfe._
Tù ti pénsi, _Thou thinkest thy selfe, or to thy selfe._ I[o] mi ti
racc[o]mánd[o], _I recommend my selfe vnto thee._ Tù mi ti m[o]strásti
am[o]réu[o]le, _Thou didst show thy selfe kinde vnto me._ Egli mi
si pr[o]ferì da sè, _He of himselfe offered himselfe to me._ I[o] mi
ci fermái, _I my selfe staide there._ Tù ti ci facésti inc[ó]ntr[o],
_Thou madest thy selfe against vs. In which gracefull, elegant, and
ornamentall speeches, they ought euer to end in_ I. _and not in_ E.
_yet may they end in both after_ L. _or_ R. _as for example:_ Cálmi.
Cálme. Válmi. Válme. Dármi. Dárme. Pármi. Párme. &c.
Of Si.
_Be your Maiestie pleased, I humbly entreate you, if I be somewhat
tedious about this Particle_ Si. _which to all strangers seemeth a
Particle so doubtfull and vncertaine, that most are therewith puzled,
yea and Italians themselues are to seeke how to expresse it, or how
to giue rules for it. For I could neuer yet see the Grammar that did
giue me satisfaction, or that did in any sort show the true vse of it,
or the diuers significations it hath, as your Highnesse may perceiue,
if you compare their rules vnto mine. For if you duely consider it,
eyther in writing or speaking, and withall examine the thing written
or spoken of, there is no part of speech more certain, more regular,
and more ornamentall, although it sometimes seeme to contrary it selfe,
especially if it be ioyned vnto Verbes (as it is very often) and makes
the Verbe to which it is affixed to be sometimes directly Actiue or
Transitiue, and other times Passiue or Reciprocall, as indeed it is:
and fauour me I beseech you, with the patience to consider these few
rules, you shall finde is very easie and certaine, both how to be
vnderstood, and how to be vsed._
Sì. _is often an Aduerbe of swearing or affirmation, yea, yes, yea
marry as thus,_ Sì in verità, _yes in truth._ Sign[o]r sì, _yes, Sir._
Sì veraménte, _yes forsooth. &c. and then is it euer accented._
Sì. _serueth often for an Aduerbe of similitude or comparison in stead
of_ C[o]sì, _in English So, As, or Thus, as for example,_ Huóm[o]
sì c[o]rtése, sì nóbile, ẻ sì gentíle n[o]n víddi mái, _A man so
courteous, so noble, and thus gentle, did I neuer see, &c. and should
euer be accented._
Sì. _is sometimes an Aduerbe of quantity, comparatiuely, or relatiuely
spoken, in liew of_ Tánt[o], _or_ Quánt[o], _in English As much,
As well, So well, So much, hauing euer relation vnto_ C[ó]me _or_
Quánt[o], _as thus,_ Sì lui c[ó]me vn'altr[o], _As much or as well he
as another._ Sì bene pẻr il mi[o] interẻsse quánt[o] pẻr il vóstr[o],
_As well, or as much for mine interesse as for yours. Or else it may be
placed before_ Pẻr, _or_ Pẻrchè, _or_ Pẻr tánt[o], _or_, Pẻr quánt[o],
_as thus_, Sì pẻr am[ó]r vóstr[o], c[ó]me pẻr sú[o], _As much or as
well for your sake as for his._ Sì pẻrchè ti ám[o], quánt[o] pẻrchè
tù sẻi vertu[ó]s[o], _As well because I loue thee, as because thou art
vertuous, &c. and should euer be accented._
Sì. _hath beene vsed for a Coniunction of continuing sense or yeelding
reason, in place of_ N[o]ndimén[o], _yet or neuerthelesse, as thus,_ Se
áltr[o] n[o]n mi vì facésse v[o]lér béne, Sì vi vógli[o] béne, pẻrchè
l[o] meritáte, _If nothing else should make me to wish you well, yes or
neuerthelesse I will loue you because you deserue it, &c._
Sì. _hath beene vsed for the Preposition_ Insín[o], _vntill, as thus,_
N[ó]n si riténne di c[ó]rrere sì fù a cása di lui, _he staide not his
running vntill he came to his house, &c._
Si. _hath beene vsed sometimes for an ornament, as thus,_ Andò et si
gli apẻrse, et si gli disse, &c.
Si. _being ioyned or affixed vnto the third person of any verbe, be
it singular or plurall, or to any Infinitiue moode, or to any Gerond,
or to any Participle, as it is most often, and that both before and
after them, your Maiesty ought diligently to consider and obserue
whether,_ Si, _hath reference and relation vnto persons animated,
or creatures hauing life, namely men or women, or otherwise vnto
creatures or things dead, and hauing no life, as also vnto actions of
men or women, or as a man may say, whether in speech or writing the
partie be ment and vnderstood himselfe, or whether but his action,
and any dead thing else; for to some one of those two must euery verbe
spoken, read or written necessarily haue relation, and of one of the
two al meane and vnderstand. If_ Si. _haue relation and reference vnto
persons animated and hauing or hauing had life, you shall assuredly
finde the Verbe to which_ Si. _is affixed, to be of the Actiue or
Transitiue signification, and_ Si. _to be a Pronoune Primitiue, or as
some say, deriuatiue, both of the singular and plurall number, both
of the Masculine and Feminine gender, and but of the Datiue or of the
Accusatiue cases, signifying To him, to herselfe, to themselues, Him,
her, themselues, as also sometimes, one another, as for example_, Lui
si dà a crédere d'ẻsser sáui[o], ẻ si stíma ẻsser' huóm[o] da béne, ẻt
n[o]n si rauéde dẻ suói err[ó]ri, di che si d[o]uerẻbbe verg[o]gnáre
c[o]n[o]scẻnd[o]si. _That is in English, He giueth himselfe to beleeue
that he is wise, and thinketh himselfe to be an honest man, and
himselfe perceiueth not his owne faults, whereof he should be ashamed
himself, knowing himselfe. Or thus_: L[ó]r[o] si pénsan[o] ẻsser sauij,
mà si ingánnan[o], _They thinke themselues wise men, but they deceiue
themselues. Or thus_: Lui si ẻ fátt[o] mále, pensánd[o]si di fársi
béne, _He hath done hurt to himselfe, thinking to doe himselfe good. Or
thus_: L[ó]r[o] si dánn[o] a crédere d'ẻssersi feriti, _They perswade
themselues that they haue hurt themselues, or to haue hurt one another;
for in the sense of One another it is often found. Here remember also
(as I haue before touched) that_ Si. _being affixed vnto verbs of
priuation, and speaking of persons animated, it may be of some Ablatiue
case, as thus,_ Lui si ẻ cauát[o] la máschera, _He hath pulled the
maske or vizard from himselfe. Or thus_: L[ó]r[o] si s[ó]n[o] leuáta la
libertà, _They haue taken liberty from themselues, &c._
_Secondly, if_ Si, _be ioyned or affixed to any verbe, hauing relation
to any dead or liuelesse thing, or to any action performed, be sure
that it is a signe or inference of a passiue signification, which in
English is expressed with these signes, It is, Men, Are, They, The
world, Be it, or To be, namely with Infinitiues, as for example_, Si
díce chè le cattíue cóse n[o]n si stíman[o], _It is said that euill
things are not esteemed. Or thus_: M[ó]lte cóse si fánn[o], che n[o]n
si c[o]nuẻng[o]n[o], _Many things are done that are not conuenient,
&c. And so you may vnderstand it being ioyned vnto the third persons,
eyther singular or plurall, of all the tences throughout the Verbe, as
also with an Infinitiue mood, as thus_, Quést[o] dẻbbe fársi, _this
thing is to be done, &c. Or with a Participle, as thus_, Fátt[o]si
nótte si féce ánc[o] [o]scúr[o], _Night being made, darkenesse was also
made, &c._
_Note also as a speciall thing, that if there be two or more verbes
in a sentence, and that one of them be an Infinitiue, although they
be farre asunder, and that_ Si. _be ioyned to any one, yet must it
still gouerne the Infinitiue passiuely, as this_, Si può manifestaménte
vedére, che gli huómini si póss[o]n[o] ingannáre, _It may manifestly be
seene, that men may easily be deceiued, &c._
Of Ne.
_The reason why so few can directly vnderstand, or truely make vse in
speaking or writing of this Particle_ Ne, _which in the Italian tongue
is so often and so gracefully vsed, proceedeth of this, that as yet (as
farre as I haue seene) none did euer shew directly, or rightly set down
the essentiall proprietie, the certaine and distinct significations,
and the vndoubted vse thereof, amusing the learner and stranger, with
saying that it is but an ornament and affected grace of the tongue,
and that it might well, or for the most part be spared; when if your
Maiesty rightly examine the same, you shall finde it to be a most
necessary, a most gracefull, and most significant part of speech: yea,
and so significant, so gracefull, and so necessary, as the Italian
tongue is lame, harsh, imperfect and gracelesse without it. I haue
therefore as briefly as I could set downe the seuerall significations,
and direct vses therof, and what it doth import, or may signifie,
and without the compasse of which I would yet neuer heare, reade,
or finde it. Remember therefore that_ Ne _hath onely fiue seuerall
significations, and more it cannot haue._
_First_ Nè, _is sometimes an Aduerbe of distinction, or as some count
it, of deniall or refusall, and is commonly accented, and without
a verb, and in the beginning of a sentence, or immediately after a
Comma, signifying in English, Nor, or Neither, or thus_, Nè ti s[ó]n[o]
amíc[o], nè ánc[o] l[o] vógli[o] ẻssere, per chè, nè tù l[o] mẻriti,
nè se ne c[o]ntẻnterẻbb[o]r[o] i miẻi amíci. _I neither am thy friend,
nor will I be, because neither dost thou deserue it, nor would my
friends be therewith contented. Or thus_, Nè quést[o], nè quéll[o] ti
c[o]ncẻd[o], imperochè, nè mi ámi, nè mi puói vedére. _Nor this, nor
that doe I graunt to thee, for thou dost neither loue me, nor canst
abide to see me, &c._
_Secondly_, Ne _is somtimes an Aduerb local or of place, or as some
cal it, a Preposition, importing In, In the, or Into, but then is
the Article_ I. _included, and somtimes apostrophed, and somtimes
not, as thus_, Spasseggiánd[o] ne' cámpi, m'imbattéi ne' miẻi nemíci,
_walking in the fields, I chanced to fal into mine enemies. Or thus_,
Tr[o]uánd[o]mi ne' cámpi, _finding my selfe in the fieldes. Or thus_,
Leggẻnd[o] ne' libri, _reading in the bookes, Or thus_, Ne' sáuij si
truóuan[o] buóni c[o]nsíglij, _in wise men are good counsels found,
&c._
_Thirdly_, Ne. _being ioyned to a verbe of motion, as_ Andáre,
Fuggíre, V[o]láre, Veníre, &c. _is sometimes an Aduerbe locall or of
place, signifying in English Thence, Hence, or Away, as_ Lui se ne ẻ
andát[o]; _He is gone away_. I[o] me ne vád[o], _I goe hence_. I[o]
me ne vógli[o] fuggíre, _I will runne away or flie hence_, Lui se ne
ẻ fuggit[o], _He is fled away thence or hence_. V[o]lánd[o]sene via,
_Flying thence away_. Venitéuene, _Come away thence, &c._
_Fourthly_, Ne. _serueth sometimes for the Pronoune primitiue,_ N[o]i,
_Vs, being euer of the Datiue or Accusatiue cases, except with verbes
of priuation, with which it is of the Ablatiue. As for example_,
Vedẻnd[o]ne giuocáre lui ne diẻde denári, _Seeing vs play he gaue vs
money_. Inc[o]ntránd[o]ne lui ne diẻde il buón gi[ó]rn[o], _Meeting vs,
he bade vs good morrow, with priuatiue verbes, let this example serue._
Lui ne hà tólt[o] il nóstr[o] ripós[o], furát[o]ne i nóstri denári, ẻd
ascóst[o]ne i nóstri béni, _He hath taken from vs our rest, stolne our
money from vs, and hidden our goods from vs_.
_Fifthly and lastly_, Ne. _being ioyned with a verbe doth most often
and most commonly serue for an Aduerbe of quantity, or relation,
signifying in English, Some, Of it, Any, Part of, There of, Of
them, and sometimes, Therewith, hauing euer relation vnto the chief
substantiue, mentioned, spoken of, or glanced at in the sentence,
at being reciprocall vnto it, and is most elegantly and gracefully
so often vsed of all the best Italians, to auoide that harshnesse
or trouble of often iterating the same vpon euery occasion, and in
continuance of the sense, as for example,_ Di grátia Sign[ó]r mi[o]
se hauéte denári fátemene párte, Sign[ó]re I[o] n[o]n ne hò, se ne
hauéssi, ve ne farẻi párte, quánd[o] ne hauerò, ne p[o]tréte dispórre,
mi dispiáce n[o]n hauérne, víst[o] chè tánti ne hánn[o], chè n[o]n ne
s[ó]n[o] degni, &c. _which in English is thus. Of courtesie Sir if you
haue any money, lend me some. Sir I haue none, if I had any you should
haue part thereof, when I shall haue some, you may dispose of it. I am
sorry I haue not any, seeing so many haue some that are not worthy of
it, &c. much more might be said of the vse thereof, but I thinke this
sufficient. Now let vs come vnto the verbes._
Of verbes in generall.
_A Verbe is a part of speech which varieth in times; for Verbe is that
which signifieth time, or sheweth variation of time, implying euer an
action or working either of body or minde. Amongst all the Verbs some
are vnder certaine orders, and are called Regular, some are not, and
they are called Irregular. All Uerbs that maybe reduced vnder certaine
orders and infallible rules, haue heretofore by the Fathers and best
writers of the Italian tongue (in imitation of the Latin) beene deuided
and ranged into foure squadrons by them named Coniugations._
_All those of the first Squadron or Coniugation are such as in their
Infinitiue moodes end in_ Áre. _with the accent ouer the last_ A. _as_
Amáre, Balláre, Cantáre, Mangiáre, Saltáre, Tagliáre, _and infinite
others._
_All those of the second Squadron or Coniugation are those that in
the Infinitiue moode end in_ Ére, _with the accent ouer the last_ E.
_sauing one, as_ Hauére, Godére, P[o]ssedére, Temére, Vedére, _and
infinite others._
_All those of the third Squadron or Coniugation are those that in
their Infinitiue moodes doe likewise end in_ Ére. _with the accent ouer
the last vowell sauing two, as_ C[ó]rrere, Frémere, Lẻggere, Nuócere,
Rídere, Strídere, Tẻssere, _and infinite others._
_All those of the fourth Squadron or Coniugation are those that in
their Infinitiue moodes end in_ Íre. _with the accent ouer the first
vowell sauing one, as_ Dormíre, M[o]ríre, Nutríre, [O]bedíre, Patíre,
Sentíre, Vdíre, &c.
_All those Uerbes that may be reduced vnder certaine orders are called
Regular, the number of which is infinite of euery Coniugation; where as
those that more or lesse doe varie and estrange themselues from rules
or order are called Irregular, whereof the number is but few, as shall
appeare hereafter._
_All Verbs be either Actiue and Transitiue, or Passiue & Reciprocall,
or else Personall or Impersonall, of which we will say somewhat and
of their seuerall vses: and because some tences of all verbes are
coniugated either with the Participle and helpe of the Auxiliar, or as
I may call it Mother-verbe_, Hauére, _or else with the Participle and
helpe of the other Auxiliar and helping verbe_ Éssere. _Know therefore
that all Actiue or Transitiue verbs, that is to say, that passe into
the subiect treated, meant, or spoken of, vse the helpe of the Auxiliar
verbe_ Hauére, _as_ I[o] hò veduti ẻt lẻtti m[ó]lti libri. I[o] hó
trouáti póchi amíci. I[o] me l'hauéu[o] guadagnát[o] c[o]n l'árme in
mán[o], &c. _And the Passiue or Reciprocall verbs, that is to say,
that returne vnto themselues with_ Mi. Ti. Si. Ci. Vi. _which answere
vnto_ I[o]. Tù. Lúi. N[ó]i. L[ó]r[o]. _vse euer the helpe of the other
Auxiliar verbe_ Éssere, _as for example_, I[o] mi s[ó]n[o] rallegrát[o]
del tú[o] béne, ẻ tù ti sẻi dolút[o] del mí[o]. N[o]i ci siám[o]
accostáti a lui, ẻ v[ó]i vi siéte verg[o]gnáti di fárl[o]. Quánd[o]
l[o]r[o] si saránn[o] partíti dál mál fáre, n[o]i ci c[o]ns[o]lerém[o],
&c.
. . . . . . .
_Note here that these two verbs_, Póss[o] _and_ Vógli[o], _may be
vsed and ioyned with both the Auxiliar verbs_, Hauére _and_ Éssere.
_The reason why I call them Auxiliar, is, because they are as helps
to coniugate all other verbs both Actiue and Passiue, and I deeme them
most necessary to be perfectly learned of him that is curious truly to
vnderstand, rightly to speake, or exactly to write the Italian tongue,
forsomuch as whosoeuer can readily coniugate_ Hauére, _may without any
doubt or difficulty (knowing but the Infinitiue moode, which is as the
roote and ground of all) coniugate and frame all the rest of the verbs,
both regular and irregular of the Italian tongue, except three tences,
and of those three tences but one person of each: that is to say, the
Present tence of the Indicatiue moode; Secondly, the first distant or
vndetermined Preterperfectence of the same moode; Thirdly, the Present
tence of the Optatiue moode: as by coniugating of this verbe_ Hauére,
_shall manifestly appeare, which I humbly entreate your Maiestie to
learne carefully._
Of the verbe _Hauére_.
The Indicatiue moode or Demonstratiue manner of speech.
The Present or Deffinite tence.
_Singular Number._ _Plurall Number._
I[o] hó. I[o] hággi[o] N[o]i habbiám[o], _or_ hauém[o].
Tù hái. V[o]i hauéte.
Lúi hà, _or_ Egli hà. L[ó]r[o] hánn[o], _or_ Essi hánn[o].
Of the vse, and what may be learned by this Tence.
_Note that adding any Participle vnto this tence, you frame the second
Certaine, Neare, or Determined Preterperfectence of the Indicatiue
moode of all Actiue or Transitiue verbes, and of all coniugations, as
for example._
I[o] hò amát[o], _or_ N[ó]i hauém[o] scritt[o], _or_
Vedút[o]. Tù hai cantát[o], fátt[o]. V[ó]i hauéte vbidít[o].
_or_ d[o]rmít[o]. Lui hà L[ó]r[o] hánn[o] volút[o].
saltát[o], _or_ lẻtt[o].
. . . . . . .
The Preterimperfect, Doubtfull, Vnlimited, or Vndetermined tence.
I[o] hauéu[o]. N[ó]i haueuám[o].
Tù hauéui. V[ó]i haueuáte.
Lúi hauéua. L[ó]r[o] hauéuan[o].
Of the vse, and what may be learned by this Tense.
_First note, that adding any Participle of what verbe soeuer vnto
this tence, you frame the first vncertaine, vndetermined, and very
distant Preterpluperfectence of the Indicatiue moode of all Actiue or
Transitiue verbes, as for example._
I[o] hauéu[o] magniát[o]. N[o]i haueuám[o] scrítt[o].
Tù hauéui vedút[o]. V[o]i haueuáte dormít[o].
Lui hauéua studiát[o]. L[ó]r[o] hauéuan[o] saltát[o].
_Secondly note, that this tence of all the verbes of the second, of
the third, and of the fourth coniugation, may at the pleasure of the
speaker or writer lose and leaue out the last_ V. _in the third persons
singular and plurall, as thus_, Lui hauéa, Lui scriuéa, Lui dormía,
L[ó]r[o] hauéan[o], L[ó]r[o] scriuéan[o], L[ó]r[o] dormían[o], _as also
it may lose the last vowell, or_ O. _of the said third persons plurall;
for you may also say_ L[ó]r[o] hauéan', L[ó]r[o] scriuéan'. L[ó]r[o]
dormían, &c.
_Thirdly note, that all third persons plurall of all Italian verbes
must haue the accent placed vpon the last vowell sauing two, as_
L[ó]r[o] amáuan[o], L[ó]r[o] vedéuan[o], L[ó]r[o] scriuéuan[o],
L[ó]r[o] dormíuan[o], &c. _except that of the future tence of the
Indicatiue, where the accent is vpon the last vowell sauing one,
by reason of the double_ Nn. _which followes the same, as_ L[ó]r[o]
ameránn[o], L[ó]r[o] vederánn[o], L[ó]r[o] scriueránn[o], L[ó]r[o]
m[o]riránn[o], &c.
_Fourthly note, that knowing the termination of this tence and of
this verbe alone, you may therby learne how to frame the doubtfull or
vnlimited Preterimperfectence of the Indicatiue moode of all the verbes
of the Italian tongue, as for example of the first Coniugation by
changing the_ E. _of this verbe_ Hauére, _into_ A. _as thus._
I[o] amáu[o]. I[o] saltáu[o]. N[ó]i amauám[o], _or_
Saltauám[o].
Tù amáui. Tù saltáui. V[ó]i amauáte _or_
saltauáte.
Lui amáua. Lui saltáua. L[ó]r[o] amáuan[o], _or_
saltáuan[o].
_Of the second and third Coniugation by keeping the very same desinence
or termination of this tence, and of this Verbe, as for example._
I[o] vedéu[o]. I[o] c[o]rréu[o]. N[ó]i vedeuám[o], _or_
C[o]rreuám[o].
Tù vedéui. Tù c[o]rréui. V[ó]i vedeuáte, _or_
C[o]rreuáte.
Lui vedéua. Lui c[o]rréua. L[ó]r[o] vedéuan[o], _or_
C[o]rréuan[o].
_Of the fourth Coniugation by changing the_ E. _into_ I. _as for
example._