[Footnote 1: Comp. Gottschall, _Poetik_. Breslau, 1853.]
[Footnote 2: _Ueber Ossian und die Lieder alter Völker_, Sämtliche
_Werke_, Teil 7.]
[Footnote 3: _Op. cit._, Teil 15.]
[Footnote 4: _Zur Philosophie und Gesehichte,_ 2 Teil.]
[Footnote 5: J.G. Sulzer's _Unterredungen über die Schönheit der
Nätur nebst desselben moralischen Betrachtungen über besondere
Gegenstände der Naturlehre_ is typical. Charites describes his
conversion to the love of Nature by his friend Eukrates. Eukrates
woke him at dawn and led him to a hill close by, as the sun rose. The
fresh air, the birds' songs, and the wide landscape move him, and
Eukrates points out that the love of Nature is the 'most natural of
pleasures,' making the labourer so happy that he forgets servitude
and misery, and sings at his work. 'This pleasure is always new to
us, and the heart, provided it be not possessed by vanity or stormy
passions, lies always open to it. Do you not know that they who are
in trouble, and, above all, they who are in love, find their chief
relief here? Is not a sick man better cheered by sunshine than by any
other refreshment?' Then he points out Nature's harmonies and changes
of colour, and warns Charites to avoid the storms of the passions.
'Yonder brook is a picture of our soul; so long as it runs quietly
between its banks, the water is clear and grass and flowers border
it; but when it swells and flows tumultuously, all this ornament is
torn away, and it becomes turbid. To delight in Nature the mind must
be free.... She is a sanctity only approached by pure souls.... As
only the quiet stream shews the sky and the objects around, so it is
only on quiet souls that Nature's pictures are painted; ruffled water
reflects nothing.' He waxes eloquent about birds' songs, flowers, and
brooks, and wanders by the hour in the woods, 'all his senses open to
Nature's impressions,' which are 'rays from that source of all
beauty, the sight of which will one day bless the soul.' His friend
is soon convinced that Nature cannot be overpraised, and that her art
is endlessly great.]
[Footnote 6: _Vorn Gefühl des Schönen und Physiologie überhaupt._
Winter.]
[Footnote 7: Comp. _Das Fluchtigste_. 'Tadle nicht der Nachtigallen,
Bald verhallend süsses Lied,' oder 'Nichts verliert sich,' etc.]
[Footnote 8: Herder's _Nachlass_, Düntzer und F.G. von Herder, 1857.]
[Footnote 9: Bernay's _Der junge Goethe_.]
[Footnote 10: _Die Sprödde, Die Bekehrte, März, Lust und Qual, Luna,
Gegenwart_.]
[Footnote 11: Laprade is all admiration for the 'incomparable artiste
et poëte inspiré du sentiment de la Nature, c'est qu'il excelle à
peindre le monde extérieur et le coeur humain l'un par l'autre, qu'il
mêle les images de l'univers visible à l'expression des sentiments
intimes, de manière à n'en former qu'un seul tissu.... Tous les
éléments d'un objet d'une situation apparaissent à la fois, et dans
leur harmonie, essentielle à cet incomparable esprit.' He is
astonished at the symbolism in _Werthtr_: 'Chaque lettre répond à la
saison ou elle est écrite.... l'idee et l'image s'identifient dans un
fait suprême, dans un cri; il se fait entre l'émotion intime et
l'impression du dehors une sorte de fusion.' And despite Goethe's
Greek paganism and pantheism, he declares: 'Le nom de Goethe marque
une de ces grandes dates, une de ces grandes révolutions de la
poésie--la plus grande, nous le croyons, depuis Homer.' ... 'Goethe
est la plus haut expression poétique des tendances de notre siècle
vers le monde extérieur et la philosophie de la Nature.']
[Footnote 12: Comp. _Tagebucher und Briefe Goethe's aus Italien an
Frau von Stein und Herder_. E. Schmidt, Weimar, 1886.]
[Footnote 13: Julian Schmidt.]
[Footnote 14: _The Lady of the Lake_ breathes a delightful freshness,
the very spirit of mountain and wood, free alike from the moral
preaching of Wordsworth, and from the storms of passion.]
[Footnote 15: Laprade.]
[Footnote 16: 'Sa formule réligieuse, c'est une question; sa pensée,
c'est le doute ... l'artiste divinise chaque détail. Son panthéisme
ne s'applique pas seulement à l'ensemble des choses; Dieu tout entier
est réellement présent poor lui dans chaque fragment de matière dans
le plus immonde animal ... c'est une réligion aussi vieille que
l'humanité décline; cela s'appelle purement et simplement le
fétichisme.' (Laprade.)]
[Footnote 17: _Vorschule der Æsthetik_. Compare 'With every genius a
new Nature is created for us in the further unveiling of the old.' 2
Aufi. _Berlin Reimer_, 1827.]
[Footnote 18: 'Like a lily softly swaying in the hushed air, so my
being moves in its elements, in the charming dream of her.' 'Our
souls rush forward in colossal plans, like exulting streams rushing
perpetually through mountain and forest.' 'If the old mute rock of
Fate did not stand opposing them, the waves of the heart would never
foam so beautifully and become mind.' 'There is a night in the soul
which no gleam of starlight, not even dry wood, illuminates,' etc.]
[Footnote 19: Comp. Tieck's _Biographie von Koepke_. Brandes.]
[Footnote 20: _Franz Sternbald_, I. Berlin, 1798.]
[Footnote 21: Haym, _Die romantische Schule_. Berlin, 1870.]
[Footnote 22: _Phantasus_, i. Berlin, 1812.]
[Footnote 23: 'A young hunter was sitting in the heart of the
mountains in a thoughtful mood beside his fowling-piece, while the
noise of the water and the woods was sounding through the solitude
... it grew darker ... the birds of night began to shoot with fitful
wing along their mazy courses ... unthinkingly he pulled a straggling
root from the earth, and on the instant heard with affright a stifled
moan underground, which winded downwards in doleful tones, and died
plaintively away in the deep distance. The sound went through his
inmost heart; it seized him as if he had unwittingly touched the
wound, of which the dying frame of Nature was expiring in its agony.'
(Runenberg.)]
[Footnote 24: _Hymnen an die Nacht_.]
[Footnote 25: In _Die Lehrlinge von Sais_.]
[Footnote 26: _Athenäum_, iii., 1800.]
INDEX
Addison
Æschylus
Agrippa v. Nettesheim
Alamanni
Alberti, Leon
Alcantara
Alcuin
Alexander
Ambrose
Angilbert
Anno v. Coeln
Apollonios Rhodios
Apollonius Sidonius
Apuleius
Aquinus, Thomas
Aribert v. Mailand
Aribo
Ariosto
Aristophanes
Aristotle
Augustine
Augustus
Ausonius
Aventinus
Avitus
Baccioli, Lucca
Bakhuysen
Basil
Beauvais, V. v.
Beda
v. Bern
Bernhard v. Clairvaux
Bernhard v. Hildesheim
Bernhard v. Ventadour
Bertran de Born
Birgitta
Blair
de Bles
Boccaccio
Boecklin
Boehme
Boetius
Boie
Bojardo
Bonaventura
Boucher
Bouts
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, A. v.
Brockes
Brueghel, Peter and Jan
Bruno
Buffon
Bürger
Burkhard v. Monte Sion
Byron,
Calderon
Calpernius
Camoens
Campanella
Carew
Cassiodorus
Catullus
Celtes
Chambers
Charlemagne
Chateaubriand
Chaucer
Chlodwig
Chlotaire
Chrysostom
Cicero
Claudius
Clement of Rome
v. Clugny, Abbé M.
Colonna, Vittoria
Columbus
Columella
Corneille
Cornelia
Correggio
Cowley
Cramer
Cronegk
Crugot
Cuyp
Cyprian
Dante
Darius
Defoe
Dionisius da B.S. Sepolchro
Domidius
Dracontius
Drayton
Drummond
du Bois-Reymond
Dürer
v. Eichendorff
Eist, Deitmar v.
Ekkehart
Ennodius
Epiphanius, M.H.
Euripides
Everdingen, A. v.
v. Eyck
Fabri
Fénélon
Fischart
Fleming
Forster
Fortunatus,
Francis of Assisi
Frank, Sebastian
Fredegar
Frederic the Great
Friedlander
Fürttenbach
Gatterer
Gellert
Gerhard, Paul
Gervinus
Gessner, Conrad
Gessner, Salomon
Giorgione
Gleim
Goethe
Gogen
Gottfried v. Strassburg
Gozzoli
Grasser
Gregory Nazianzen
Gregory of Nyssa
Gregory of Tours
Grümbke
Gryphius
Guarini, G.
Günther, Christian
Günther d. Liguriner
Guotenberg, U. v.
Gussfeldt
Hadrian
Haeckel
Hagedorn
Haller
Harsdörfer
Hartmann
Hebel
Hegel
Heine
Herder
Hermes
Hilary
Hillern, W. v.
Hobbema
Hoffmannswaldau
Hölderlin
Hölty
Homer
Horace
Hugo v. St. Victor
Hugo, Victor
Hulsen
Humboldt
Ibykos
Isodore
Jacob v. Bern
Jacobi, Joh. G.
Jerome
Jovius
Kalidasa
Kallimachos
Kant
Kent
Keyssler
Kiechel
Klaj
Kleist, E. v.
Klipphausen
Klopstock
König, Eva
Kürenberg
Lamartine
Lamprecht
Leman
Lenôtre
Leon, Luis de
Leonardo da Vinci
Lessing
Livy
Logau
Lohenstein
Longos
Lopez
Lorraine, Claude
Louis XIV.
Louis XV.
Lucretius
Ludwig zu Nassau
Luis de Leon
Lüneberg
Luther
Maghas
Mantegna
Mareuil, A. v.
Maria Theresa
v. Martius
Medici, Lorenzo de
Meer, Aart v. d.
Meleager
Memling
Menander
Michael Angelo
Milton
Minucius Felix
Molanus
Montagu
Montemayor
Montreux
Moore
Morungen, H. v.
Moscherosch
Möser
Mosto, A. da
Murdach
Navarrete, F. de
Nemesianus
Nettesheim, C.A. v.
Nicolas
Nonnos
Novalis
Opitz
Osorio
Ossian
Ouwater
Ovid
Paracelsus
Patenir
Paul, Jean,
Paul, St
Paulinus of Nola
Perdiccas
Peter Martyr
Petrarch
Pfintzing
Phidias
Philip of Macedon
Phokas
Pico della Mirandola
Pierre, B. de St
Pindar
Pisanello
Pius II. (Enea Silvio),
Plato
Pliny
Polo, Marco
Pope
Potter, Paul
Poussin
Propertius
Prudentius
Ptolemaios
Racine
Radegunde
Raphael
Regensburg
Reinmar
Reissner
Richardson
Rickel, D. v.
Roche, Sophie la
Ronsard
Rousseau,
Rubens
Rucellai
Rückert
Rugge
Ruysbroek
Ruysdael
Sabiende, R. v.
Sachs, Hans
Sannazaro
Sappho
Saussure
v. Schachten
Schaller
Scherr
Scheuchzer
Schickhart
Schiller
Scipio Africanus
Scott
Seneca
Shaftesbury
Shakespeare,
Shelley,
Sidney
Simonides
Socrates
Sophocles
Southey
Southwell
Spalding
Spee
Spenser
Spielhagen
Spinoza
Spix
Stolberg
Storm, Th.
Sulzer
Summenhart
Suso
Tasso
Tauler
Teresa v. Avila
Theocritus
Theodoric
Theodulf
Thomson
Tiberius
Tibullus
Tieck
Titian
Toscanelli, Paolo
Uhland
d'Urfé
Uz, Joh. P.
Vasco da Gama
Velde, Adrian v. d.
Veldegge, H. v.
Vespucci
Virgil
Vischer
Vives, Luis
Volkmar
Voltaire
Voss
Wahlafried
Walther v. d. Vogelweide
Wandelbert
Watteau
Weyden, Roger v. d.
William of Tours
Winckelmann
Wolfram v. Eschenbach
Wordsworth
Wyatt
Wynant
Young
Zesen, P. v.
Ziegler, A. v.
Zimmermann
Zweibrücken, A. v.