Cylindrical, opake, leucophra, the lower part much thicker than the
upper part.
This is a large, pear-shaped, greenish coloured animalculum, filled with
opake molecules, and covered with short hairs; generally moving in a
straight line. It is found in salt water.
149. LEUCOPHRA VIRIDIS. L. ovalis opaca. Oval, opake leucophra.
Though at first sight it may be taken for a variety of the leucophra
virescens; yet, on a further examination, it differs in many
particulars; it cannot lengthen and shorten itself as that does. It is
also much smaller. Sometimes it appears contracted in the middle, as if
it were about to be divided in two.
150. LEUCOPHRA BURSATA. L. viridis, ovalis, antice truncata. Green oval
leucophra, the fore-part truncated.
This is similar in many respects to the foregoing leucophra; it is of a
long oval shape, bulging in the middle, and filled with green
molecules; every where ciliated, except at the apex, which is truncated,
and shaped somewhat like a purse; the hairs larger, and sometimes
collected in minute fasciculi. It is to be found in salt water.
151. LEUCOPHRA POSTHUMA. L. globularis, opaca, reticulo pellucenti. This
is globular and opake, covered as it were with a pellucid net. It was
found in fetid salt water.
152. LEUCOPHRA AUREA. L. ovalis, fulva, utraque extremitate æquali
obtusus. Oval yellow leucophra, both ends of it equally obtuse.
The little hairs are discovered with difficulty; it has, in general, a
vehement rotatory motion.
153. LEUCOPHRA PERTUSA. L. ovalis, gelatinosa, apice truncato obtusa
altera latera suffossa. Oval gelatinous leucophra, the apex obtusely
truncated, one side sunk down.
Gelatinous, yellow, and small, without any molecules; the forepart is
truncated, the hind-part brought nearly to a point, with a kind of oval
hole on one side. It was found in salt water.
154. LEUCOPHRA FRACTA. L. elongata, sinuato angulata subdepressa.
Leucophra long, with sinuated angles, rather flat.
The body is white, gelatinous, and granulated; it changes its form
considerably.
155. LEUCOPHRA DILATATA. L. complanata, mutabilis, marginibus sinuatis.
Smooth changeable leucophra, with a sinuated edge.
A gelatinous membrane, with a few grey molecules in the forepart, and a
great number in the hinder-part; it is sometimes dilated into a
triangular form, with sinuated sides; at other times the shape is more
irregular and oblong.
156. LEUCOPHRA SCINTILLANS. L. ovalis, teres, opaca, viridis. Oval,
round, opake, green leucophra.
This animalculum is supposed to be ciliated, from its bright twinkling
appearance, which probably arises from the motion it gives the water; it
is nearly of an egg-shape. It was found in December among the lemna
minor.
157. LEUCOPHRA VESICULIFERA. L. ovata, interaneis vesicularibus. Plate
XXV. Fig. 41. Oval leucophra, with vesicular intestines.
An animalculum that is a kind of mean between the orbicular and oval,
very pellucid, with a defined dark edge and inside, containing some very
bright vesicles, or bladders. The middle frequently appears blue, and
the vesicles seem as if set in a ground of that colour. Müller could
never perceive any of those rays which are mentioned by Spallanzani; he
confesses, however, that he once saw an individual like this environed
with very small unequal shining rays.
158. LEUCOPHRA GLOBULIFERA. L. crystallina, ovato-oblonga. Crystalline
leucophra, of an oblong oval shape.
The body is round, very pellucid, without molecular intestines, though
at one edge it has three little pellucid globules; it is everywhere set
with short hairs. It was found in a ditch where the lemna minor grew.
159. LEUCOPHRA PUSTULATA. L. ovato oblonga, postice oblique truncata. An
oblong oval leucophra, the lower end obliquely truncated.
The body is white, gelatinous, and somewhat granulated; the lower part
truncated, as if an oblique section were made in an egg near the bottom.
It is covered with little erect shining hairs; at the lower extremities
a few bright pustules may be discovered. It is found in marshy waters.
160. LEUCOPHRA TURBINATA. L. inverse conica, subopaca. Leucophra in
shape like an inverted cone, and rather opake.
It is a round pellucid body, somewhat of the shape of an acorn, with a
pellucid globule at the lower end. It was found in fetid salt water.
161. LEUCOPHRA ACUTA. L. ovata, teres, apice acuto, mutabilis,
flaviscans. Oval leucophra, round, with the apex acute, mutable, yellow.
This is gelatinous, thick, and capable of assuming different shapes; the
apex bright, and the rest of the body filled with innumerable little
spherules; sometimes it draws itself up into an orbicular shape, at
other times one edge is sinuated. It was found in salt water.
162. LEUCOPHRA NOTATA. L. ovata, teres, puncto marginali atro. Oval
leucophra, round, with a black point at the edge.
163. LEUCOPHRA CANDIDA. L. hyalina, oblonga, altera extremitate
attenuata, curvata. Leucophra of a talky appearance, oblong, one end
smaller than the other, and bent back.
The body membranaceous, flat, very white, with no visible intestines,
except two oval bodies which are with difficulty perceptible; the whole
edge is ciliated. Found in an infusion with salt water.
164. LEUCOPHRA NODULATA. L. ovato-oblonga, depressa, serie nodulorum
duplici. An oblong oval species of leucophra, with a double row of
little nodules.
165. LEUCOPHRA SIGNATA. L. oblonga, subdepressa. Oblong, subdepressed
leucophra, with a black margin, filled with little molecular globules,
but more particularly distinguished by a curved line in the middle,
something in the shape of a long S; one end of which is at times bent
into the form of a small spiral. It is common in salt water, in the
months of November and December.
166. LEUCOPHRA TRIGONA. L. crassa, obtusa, angulata, flava. Thick,
obtuse, angular, and yellow leucophra.
A yellow, triangular mass, filled with unequal pellucid vesicles, one of
which is much larger than the rest, and the edge surrounded with short
fluctuating hairs. It was found in a marshy situation, but is not
common.
167. LEUCOPHRA FLUIDA. L. subreniformis, ventricosa. Leucophra somewhat
of a kidney shape, but ventricose.
168. LEUCOPHRA FLUXA. L. sinuata reniformis. Reniform, sinuated
leucophra.
169. LEUCOPHRA ARMILLA. L. teres annularis. Round annular leucophra.
170. LEUCOPHRA CORNUTA. L. inverse conica, viridis opaca. Plate XXV.
Fig. 42 and 43. An inverted cone, green, opake.
It bears some resemblance to the vorticella polymorpha, No. 290, and the
vorticella viridis, No. 283, and requires to be observed for some time
before its peculiar characters can be ascertained; the body is composed
of molecular vesicles, of a dark green colour; for the most part it is
like an inverted cone, the fore-part being wide and truncated, with a
little prominent horn or hook on both sides; the hind-part conical,
everywhere ciliated, the hairs exceedingly minute; those in the
fore-part are three times longer than the latter, and move in a circular
direction. The hinder-part is pellucid, and sometimes terminates in two
or three obtuse pellucid projections. The animalculum will at one moment
appear oval, at another reniform, and ciliated at the fore-part; but at
another time the hairs are concealed. When the water evaporates, it
breaks or dissolves into molecular vesicles. It is found late in the
year in marshy grounds. Fig. 42, _a_, the hinder-part pointed; _g_, the
cilia; _h h_, the sides. Fig. 43, _b_, the hinder-part obtuse; _e_, the
fore-part; _f_, the horns.
171. LEUCOPHRA HETEROCLITA. L. cylindrica, antice obtusa, postice organo
cristato duplici exsertili. Plate XXV. Fig. 44 and 45. Cylindrical
leucophra, the fore-part obtuse, the hind-part furnished with a
double-tufted organ, which it can thrust in or out at pleasure. To the
naked eye it appears like a white point; in the microscope, as a
cylindrical body, the fore-part obtusely round, the middle rather drawn
in, the lower-part round, but much smaller than the upper-part. With a
large magnifying power the whole body is found to be ciliated. The
intestines are very visible. It is represented in Fig. 44 as it
generally appears; _a_, the fore-part; _b_, the hind-part; _d_, the
hooked intestines; in Fig. 45, with the plumed organs; _i i_, the
plumes; _g g_, the sheaths from which they are projected.
XIII. TRICHODA.
Vermis inconspicuus, pellucidus, crinitus. An invisible, pellucid, hairy
worm.
172. TRICHODA GRANDINELLA. T. sphærica, pellucida, superne crinata.
Spherical, pellucid, the upper-part hairy.
A most minute pellucid globule, the intestines scarce visible, the top
of its surface furnished with several short bristles, which are not
easily distinguished, as the animalculum has a power of extending and
withdrawing them in an instant. It is found in pure water, and in
infusions of vegetables.
173. TRICHODA COMETA. T. sphærica, antice crinita, globulo appendente.
Plate XXV. Fig. 46 and 47. Spherical, the fore-part hairy, with an
appendant globule.
It is a pellucid globule, replete with bright intestines, the fore-part
furnished with hairs, the hind-part with a pellucid appendant globule.
174. TRICHODA GRANATA. T. sphærica, centro opaco peripheria crinita.
Plate XXV. Fig. 48. Spherical, with an opake center, the periphery
hairy.
It resembles the trichoda grandinella and trichoda cometa just
described. It has a darkish nucleus in the center; its intestines are
imperceptible; short hairs on the edge.
175. TRICHODA TROCHUS. T. subpiriformis, pellucida, antice utrinque
crinita. Trichoda somewhat of a pear-shape, pellucid, each side of the
fore-part distinguished by a little bunch of hairs.
176. TRICHODA GYRINUS. T. ovalis, teres, crystallina, antice crinita.
Oval, round, crystalline trichoda, the front hairy.
It is one of the smallest among the trichoda, the body smooth and free
from hairs, except at the fore-part, where there are a few. It is found
in salt water.
177. TRICHODA SOL. T. globularis, undique radiata. Plate XXV. Fig. 65
and 66. Globular trichoda, everywhere radiated.
This splendid creature constitutes a new genus, but as we know of no
more of the same kind, it is introduced here. It is a little crystalline
round corpuscle, the upper part convex; it is beset with innumerable
diverging rays, which are longer than the diameter of the body,
proceeding from every part of its surface: the inside is full of
molecules. The body contracts and dilates, but the animalculum remains
confined to the same spot. It was found with other animalcula in water
which had been kept for three weeks. It propagates by division, and is
represented as dividing in Fig. 66.
178. TRICHODA SOLARIS. T. sphæroidea, peripheria crinita. Spheroidal
trichoda, with a few hairs round the circumference.
The body is orbicular, bright, and filled with globular intestines; in
many, a moveable substance, something like the letter S, may be
discovered; it has hairs, seldom exceeding seventeen in number, which
are disposed round the circumference, each of them nearly equal in
length to the diameter of the animalculum.
179. TRICHODA BOMBA. T. mutabilis, antice pilis sparsis. Plate XXV. Fig.
67 and 68. Changeable, with a few hairs dispersed on the fore-part.
It is a thick animalculum, larger than the trichoda granata, No. 174,
and of a yellow colour; pellucid, and replete with clay-like molecules;
it is very lively, moving about with so much velocity, as to elude the
sharpest sight and most pertinacious observer, and assuming various
shapes, sometimes appearing spherical, sometimes reniform, or
kidney-shaped, sometimes as at Fig. 67.
180. TRICHODA ORBIS. T. orbicularis, antice emarginata crinita.
Orbicular, the fore-part notched and hairy.
It in some, respects resembles the former, but is larger. It is composed
of vesicular molecules; is of a spherical figure, smooth, pellucid, and
a little notched in the fore-part. The notched part is filled with long
hairs, but there are none on the rest of the body.
181. TRICHODA URNULA. T. urceolaris, antice crinita. Plate XXV. Fig. 64.
This trichoda is in the form of a water pitcher, the fore-part hairy.
A membranaceous pellucid animalculum, the hind-part obtuse, the middle
something broader, the fore-part truncated, filled with vesicular black
molecules; the hairs in the fore-part are even and short. Its motion is
slow.
182. TRICHODA DIOTA. T. urceolaris, antice angustata, ora apicis
utrinque crinita. Pitcher-shaped trichoda, the fore-part smallest; the
upper part of the mouth hairy at the edges.
The body is of a clay-colour, and filled with molecules; the upper-part
cylindrical and truncated, the lower part spherical.
183. TRICHODA HORRIDA. T. subconica antice latiuscula, truncata postice
obtusa, setis radiantibus cincta. Trichoda somewhat of a conical form,
the fore-part rather broad and truncated, the lower-part obtuse, and the
whole covered with radiating bristles.
184. TRICHODA URINARIUM. T. ovata, rostro brevissimo crinito.
Egg-shaped, with a short hairy beak.
185. TRICHODA SEMILUNA. T. Semiorbicularis, antice subtus crinita.
Semiorbicular, the fore-part hairy underneath.
A smooth pellucid animalculum, and shaped like a crescent.
186. TRICHODA TRIGONA. T. convexa, antice ciliata, postice erosa. Plate
XXV. Fig. 63. Convex, the fore-part ciliated, the hind-part as it were
gnawed off.
This is a triangular animalculum, a little convex on both sides, the
fore-part acute, the hind-part a little broader. A notch is seen at _a_,
in the hind-part; _b_, the ciliated fore-part; _c_, a tube.
187. TRICHODA TINEA. T. clavata, antice crinita, postice grossa. This is
clubbed, the fore-part hairy, the hind-part large.
This animalculum is round, not very pellucid, narrow in the fore-part,
and resembling an inverted club; it is also like some of the tinea.
188. TRICHODA NIGRA. T. ovalis compressa, antice latior crinita. Oval,
compressed trichoda, the fore-part broader and hairy.
The body is opake, when in violent motion it is black, when at rest one
side is pellucid; the middle of the fore-part is furnished with little
moveable hairs. It was found in salt water.
189. TRICHODA PUBES. T. ovato-oblonga gibba, antice depressa. Plate XXV.
Fig. 61 and 62. An egg-shaped oblong bunch, the fore-part depressed.
An animalculum with a bunch above the hind-part, marked with black
spots, depressed towards the top, a little folded, and somewhat convex
underneath; at least this is its appearance when in motion. Very minute
hairs occupy the apex, but they are seldom visible till the creature is
in the agonies of death, when it extends and moves them vehemently from
an arched chink at top, apparently endeavouring to draw in the last drop
of water. It is found in water where the duck-weed grows, chiefly in
December. _b_, the hairs; _c_, the black globules; _a_, the projecting
bunch.
190. TRICHODA FLOCCUS. T. membranacea, antice subconica, papillis tribus
crinitis. Membranaceous trichoda, the fore-part rather conical; three
small papillæ project from the base, which are set with hairs.
191. TRICHODA SINUATA. T. oblonga depressa, altero margine sinuato
crinita, postice obtusa. An oblong depressed trichoda, one margin hollow
and hairy, the lower end obtuse.
The intestines seem to be more lymphatic than molecular; it is of a
yellow colour, and the hollow edge ciliated. It was found in river
water.
192. TRICHODA PRÆCEPS. T. membranacea, sublunata, medio protuberante,
extorsum crinita. Membranaceous trichoda, somewhat lunated, protuberant
in the middle, a row of hairs on the outside.
A pellucid membrane, the fore-part formed into a kind of neck, one edge
rising into a protuberance like a hump-back, the other edge convex.
193. TRICHODA PROTEUS. T. ovalis, postice obtusa, collo elongata
retractile, apice crinito. Plate XXV. Fig. 56, 57, 58, 59, 60. Oval
trichoda, the lower-part obtuse, with a long neck, which it has a power
of contracting or extending.
Baker in his Employment for the Microscope, p. 260-266, dignifies this
animalculum with the name of proteus, on account of its assuming a great
number of different shapes, so as scarce to be known for the same animal
in its various transformations; and, indeed, unless it be carefully
watched while passing from one shape to another, it will often become
suddenly invisible.
When water, wherein any kinds of vegetables have been infused, or
animals preserved, has stood quietly for some days or weeks in a glass
or other vessel, a slimy substance will be collected about the sides,
some of which being taken up with the point of a penknife, placed on a
slip of glass in a drop of water, and viewed through the microscope,
will, be found to harbour several kinds of little animals that are
seldom seen swimming about at large. The insect we are treating of is
one of these, and was discovered in such slime-like matter taken from
the side of a glass jar, in which small fishes, water-snails, and other
creatures had been kept. Its body in substance and colour resembled that
of a snail; the shape thereof was somewhat elliptical, but pointed at
one end, whilst from the other proceeded a long, slender, and finely
proportioned neck, terminated with a head, of a size perfectly suitable
to the other parts of the animal.
194. TRICHODA VERSATILIS. T. oblonga, postice acuminata, collo
retractili, infra apicem crinito. Oblong trichoda, the hind-part acute,
with a neck that it can extend or contract at pleasure, the under-part
of the extremity of the neck hairy.
It resembles in some measure the trichoda proteus just described, but
the neck is shorter, the apex less spherical, and the hinder part of the
trunk acute. It lives in the sea.
195. TRICHODA GIBBA. T. oblonga, dorso gibbera, ventre excavata, antice
ciliata, extremitatibus obtusis. Plate XXV. Fig. 55. Oblong trichoda,
with a bunch on the back, the belly hollowed out, the fore-part
ciliated, both ends obtuse.
The body is pellucid, the upper part swelled out, within it are numerous
obscure molecules, and three large globules, the ends rather incline
downwards; when the water begins to fail, a few minute hairs may be
discovered about the head and at the abdomen; the body then becomes
striated longitudinally.
196. TRICHODA FOETA. T. oblonga, dorso protuberante, antice ciliata,
extremitatibus obtusis. Oblong trichoda, with the back protuberant, the
fore-part ciliated, both ends obtuse.
The body is round and long, and when extended somewhat resembles a
rolling-pin in shape; both ends are obtuse, and one shorter than the
other; it can draw in the ends and swell out the sides, so as to appear
almost spherical.
197. TRICHODA PATENS. T. elongata, teres, antice foveata, fovæ
marginibus ciliata. Plate XXV. Fig. 54. This trichoda is long, round, in
the fore-part it has a long hole, the edges of which are ciliated.
It is a long cylindrical animalculum, filled with molecules; the
fore-part bright and clear, with a long opening, _a_, near the top,
which tapers to a point, and is beset with hairs. It is found of
different lengths in salt water.
198. TRICHODA PATULA. T. ventricosa, subovata, antice canaliculata,
apice et caniculo crinito. Big-bellied, rather inclining towards an oval
figure, with a small tube at the fore-part, the upper-end of which is
covered with hairs.
199. TRICHODA FOVEATA. T. oblonga, latiuscula, antice corniculis
micantibus, postice mutica. Oblong trichoda, rather broad, three little
horns on the fore-part, the hinder-part beardless.
200. TRICHODA STRIATA. T. oblonga, altero margine cursum, sinuata et
ciliata, utraque extremitate obtusa. Oblong trichoda, one edge rather
curved, and also furnished with a row of hairs; both extremities
obtuse.
It is a splendid animalculum, of a fox colour, and at first sight might
be taken for a kolpoda. The body is oblong, the lower end somewhat
larger than the other, the body becoming smaller at that part where the
hairs commence; it has a set of streaks which run from one end to the
other, and at the abdomen a double row of little eggs, lying in a
transverse direction. It was found in river water in December.
201. TRICHODA UVULA. T. planiuscula elongata, æqualis, antice crinita.
Plate XXV. Fig. 53. Rather flat and long, of an equal size throughout,
the fore-part hairy.
This animalculum is six times longer than broad, round, flexuous, and of
an equal size; the greater part filled with obscure molecules; the
fore-part, _a_, rather empty, distinguished by an alimentary canal, and
lucid globules near the middle, _c_; short hairs occupy the margin of
the fore-part, some are dispersed into a chink near the canal. It is
found in an infusion of hay and other vegetables.
202. TRICHODA AURANTIA. T. subsinuata, ovata, antice patula, apice ad
medium crinita. Trichoda somewhat sinuated, oval, the fore-part broad,
the apex hairy to the middle.
It is of a gold colour, pellucid, and filled with a variety of vesicles.
203. TRICHODA IGNITA. T. ovata, apice acuminata, subtus fulcata, fulco
crinito. Oval trichoda, the apex rather acute, the under-part furrowed,
the furrows hairy.
It is of a fine purple gold colour, somewhat of a reddish cast,
pellucid, splendid, with a number of globules of different sizes; the
fore-part small, the hind-part obtuse, and having a very large opening,
which appears to run through the body.
204. TRICHODA PRISMA. T. ovata, subtus convexa, supra in carinam
compressa, antice angustior. Oval trichoda, the under part convex, the
upper part compressed into a kind of keel, the fore-part small.
It is very small, and so transparent that it cannot easily be
delineated; its form is singular, and no hairs can be observed.
205. TRICHODA FORCEPS. T. ovalis, antice forcipata, cruribus inæqualibus
crinitis. Oval trichoda, with a pair of forceps at the fore-part, with
unequal hairy legs.
A large animalculum, somewhat depressed, of a pellucid yellow colour,
and filled with molecules; in the lower part there is a black opake
globule, the fore-part is divided into long lobes, one of which is
falciform and acute, the other dilated, and obliquely truncated; both
the apex and the edge of these are furnished with hairs of different
lengths; it can open, shut, or cross these lobes at pleasure; by this
motion of them it appears to suck in the water. It was found about the
winter solstice in water, covered with lemnæ.
206. TRICHODA FORFEX. T. ventrosa, antice forcipata, postice papilla
duplici instructa. Round and prominent trichoda, the fore-part formed
into a kind of forceps, and two small protuberances.
One of the forceps of this animalculum is twice as long as the other,
hooked, and ciliated. It was found in river water.
207. TRICHODA INDEX. T. obovata, margine antico subtus crinito,
alteroque apicis in degitum producto. Obovated trichoda, the under part
of the front of the margin hairy, the apex is formed by the fore-part,
projecting like the finger on a direction-post. It was found in salt
water.
208. TRICHODA S. T. striata, antice ciliata, extremitatibus in oppositum
flexis. Striated trichoda, the fore part ciliated, the extremities bent
in opposite directions.
A yellow animalculum, formed of two pellucid membranes, striated
longitudinally; the lower end is obliquely truncated.
209. TRICHODA NAVICULA. T. triquetra, antice truncata ciliata, postice
acuta prominula. Three-cornered trichoda, the fore-part truncated and
ciliated, the hind-part acute, and bent a little upwards.
It has a crystalline appearance, rather broad, the under side towards
the hinder-part convex, the fore-part broad, the apex nearly a straight
line, the bent end pointed and turned upwards; and a kind of
longitudinal keel running down the middle.
210. TRICHODA SUCCISA. T. ovalis depressa, margine crinito, postice in
crura inæqualia erosa. Flattened oval trichoda, the edge hairy, the
hinder part hollowed out so as to form two unequal legs.