LIVING WELL NEED NOT BE EXTENDED EVEN TO ALL ANIMALS.

2. Those who deny the privilege of living well to plants, because these

lack sensation, are not on that account obliged to grant it to all

animals. For, if sensation consist in the knowledge of the experienced

affection, this affection must already be good before the occurrence of

the knowledge. For instance, the being must be in a state conformable

to nature even though ignorant thereof. He must fulfil his proper

function even when he does not know it. He must possess pleasure before

perceiving it. Thus if, by the possession of this pleasure, the being

already possesses the Good, he thereby possesses even well-being. What

need then is there to join thereto sensation, unless indeed well-being

be defined as sensation and knowledge (of an affection or state of the

soul) rather than in the latter affection and state of the soul itself?

Plotinos: Complete Works, v. 4 In Chronological Order, Grouped in Four Periods · 第 9 / 382 题