Culture Medium, Nutrient Agar (+10). Age, 24 hrs.
Temp. of Incubation, 37 deg. C.
Quantities used { Culture } Emulsion 0.1 c.c. + 5 c.c. Germicide.
{ Emulsion }
Room Temperature during Experiments, 17 deg. C.
Germicide Strength Time of exposure Incubation
2-1/2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Time Temp.
1 Germicide-x 4% -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 days. 37 deg. C.
2 Germicide-x 3% 48 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 days. 37 deg. C.
3 Germicide-x 2% 24 24 24 24 48 72 7 days. 37 deg. C.
4 Germicide-x 1% 24 24 24 24 72 24 72 7 days. 37 deg. C.
5 Germicide-x 0.5% 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 hours. 37 deg. C.
1 Phenol 1.10% -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 days. 37 deg. C.
2 Phenol 1.00% 24 7 days. 37 deg. C.
3 Phenol 0.75% 24 24 24 24 48 7 days. 37 deg. C.
4 Phenol 0.70% 24 24 24 24 24 72 7 days. 37 deg. C.
5 Phenol 0.65% 24 24 24 24 24 48 24 24 2 days. 37 deg. C.
((1.10/4.00) + (0.7/2.0)) 0.27 + 0.35 .62
Phenol Coefficient = ------------------------ = ----------- = --- = 0.31
2 2 2
APPENDIX.
METRIC AND IMPERIAL SYSTEMS OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The initial unit of the metric system is the Metre (_m._) or unit of
length, representing one-fourth-millionth part of the circumference of
the earth round the poles.
The unit of mass is the Gramme (_g._), and represents the weight of one
cubic centimetre of water at its maximum density (viz. 4 deg. C. and
760 mm. mercury pressure).
The unit of the measure of capacity is the Litre (_l._), and represents
the volume of a kilogramme of distilled water at its maximum density.
The decimal subdivisions of each of the units are designated by the
Latin prefixes _milli_ = 1/1000; _centi_ = 1/100; _deci_ = 1/10; the
multiples of each unit by the Greek prefixes _deka_ = 10; _hecto_ = 100;
_kilo_ = 1000; _myria_ = 10,000.
For a comparison of the values of some of the more frequently employed
expressions of the Metric System and the Imperial System, the following
may be found convenient for reference:
~Length:~
1 millimetre (= 1 mm.) = 1/25 of an inch.
1 centimetre (= 1 cm.) = 2/5 of an inch.
1 inch (1") = 25 millimetres or 2-1/2 centimetres.
~Mass:~
1 milligramme (= 1 mg.) = 0.01543 grain (or approximately
1/64 grain).
1 gramme (= 1 g.) = 15.4323 grains.
1 "kilo" or kilogramme (= 1 kgm.) = 2 pounds, 3-1/4 ounces
avoirdupois.
1 pound avoirdupois (= 1 lb.) = 453.592 grammes.
1 ounce avoirdupois (= 1 oz.) = 28.35 grammes.
1 grain = 0.0648 gramme or 64.8 milligrammes.
~Capacity:~
1 cubic centimetre (= 1 c.c.) = 16.9 minims imperial
measure.
1 litre (= 1 _l._) = 35.196 fluid ounces imperial measure.
1 fluid ounce imperial measure (= 1 [Symbol: ounce]) =
28.42 cubic centimetres.
1 pint imperial measure (= 1 O.) = 568.34 cubic centimetres.
1 gallon imperial measure (= 1 C.) = 4.546 litres, or 10
pounds avoirdupois, of pure water at 62 deg. F. and under an
atmospheric pressure of 30 inches of mercury.
FACTORS FOR CONVERTING FROM ONE SYSTEM TO THE OTHER.
To convert grammes into grains x 15.432.
To convert grammes into ounces avoirdupois x 0.03527.
To convert kilogrammes into pounds x 2.2046.
To convert cubic centimetres into fluid ounces imperial x 0.0352.
To convert litres into fluid ounces imperial x 35.2.
To convert metres into inches x 39.37.
To convert grains into grammes x 0.0648.
To convert avoirdupois ounces into grammes x 28.35.
To convert troy ounces into grammes x 31.104.
To convert fluid ounces into cubic centimetres x 28.42.
To convert pints into litres x 0.568.
To convert inches into metres x 0.0254.
TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF DEGREES CENTIGRADE INTO DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
_X. deg. C. = ((9x/5) + 32) deg. F._
| Cent. | Faht. || Cent. | Faht. || Cent. | Faht. |
| 0 | 32.0 || 34 | 93.2 || 68 | 154.4 |
| 1 | 33.8 || 35 | 95.0 || 69 | 156.2 |
| 2 | 35.6 || 36 | 96.8 || 70 | 158.0 |
| 3 | 37.4 || 37 | 98.6 || 71 | 159.8 |
| 4 | 39.2 || 38 | 100.4 || 72 | 161.6 |
| 5 | 41.0 || 39 | 102.2 || 73 | 163.4 |
| 6 | 42.8 || 40 | 104.0 || 74 | 165.2 |
| 7 | 44.6 || 41 | 105.8 || 75 | 167.0 |
| 8 | 46.4 || 42 | 107.6 || 76 | 168.8 |
| 9 | 48.2 || 43 | 109.4 || 77 | 170.6 |
| 10 | 50.0 || 44 | 111.2 || 78 | 172.4 |
| 11 | 51.8 || 45 | 113.0 || 79 | 174.2 |
| 12 | 53.6 || 46 | 114.8 || 80 | 176.0 |
| 13 | 55.4 || 47 | 116.6 || 81 | 177.8 |
| 14 | 57.2 || 48 | 118.4 || 82 | 179.6 |
| 15 | 59.0 || 49 | 120.2 || 83 | 181.4 |
| 16 | 60.8 || 50 | 122.0 || 84 | 183.2 |
| 17 | 62.6 || 51 | 123.8 || 85 | 185.0 |
| 18 | 64.4 || 52 | 125.6 || 86 | 186.8 |
| 19 | 66.2 || 53 | 127.4 || 87 | 188.6 |
| 20 | 68.0 || 54 | 129.2 || 88 | 190.4 |
| 21 | 69.8 || 55 | 131.0 || 89 | 192.2 |
| 22 | 71.6 || 56 | 132.8 || 90 | 194.0 |
| 23 | 73.4 || 57 | 134.6 || 91 | 195.8 |
| 24 | 75.2 || 58 | 136.4 || 92 | 197.6 |
| 25 | 77.0 || 59 | 138.2 || 93 | 199.4 |
| 26 | 78.8 || 60 | 140.0 || 94 | 201.2 |
| 27 | 80.6 || 61 | 141.8 || 95 | 203.0 |
| 28 | 82.4 || 62 | 143.6 || 96 | 204.8 |
| 29 | 84.2 || 63 | 145.4 || 97 | 206.6 |
| 30 | 86.0 || 64 | 147.2 || 98 | 208.4 |
| 31 | 87.8 || 65 | 149.0 || 99 | 210.2 |
| 32 | 89.6 || 66 | 150.8 || 100 | 212.0 |
| 33 | 91.4 || 67 | 152.6 || | |
TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF DEGREES FAHRENHEIT INTO DEGREES CENTIGRADE.
_X deg. F. = (5(x - 32))/9 deg. C._
Faht.| Cent.|| Faht.| Cent.|| Faht.|Cent. || Faht.| Cent.|| Faht.| Cent.
32 | 0.|| 68 | 20.0 || 104 | 40.0 || 140 | 60.0 || 176 | 80.0
33 | 0.6 || 69 | 20.6 || 105 | 40.6 || 141 | 60.6 || 177 | 80.6
34 | 1.1 || 70 | 21.1 || 106 | 41.1 || 142 | 61.1 || 178 | 81.1
35 | 1.7 || 71 | 21.7 || 107 | 41.7 || 143 | 61.7 || 179 | 81.7
36 | 2.2 || 72 | 22.2 || 108 | 42.2 || 144 | 62.2 || 180 | 82.2
37 | 2.8 || 73 | 22.8 || 109 | 42.8 || 145 | 62.8 || 181 | 82.8
38 | 3.3 || 74 | 23.3 || 110 | 43.3 || 146 | 63.3 || 182 | 83.3
39 | 3.9 || 75 | 23.9 || 111 | 43.9 || 147 | 63.9 || 183 | 83.9
40 | 4.4 || 76 | 24.4 || 112 | 44.4 || 148 | 64.4 || 184 | 84.4
41 | 5.0 || 77 | 25.0 || 113 | 45.0 || 149 | 65.0 || 185 | 85.0
42 | 5.6 || 78 | 25.6 || 114 | 45.6 || 150 | 65.6 || 186 | 85.6
43 | 6.1 || 79 | 26.1 || 115 | 46.1 || 151 | 66.1 || 187 | 86.1
44 | 6.7 || 80 | 26.7 || 116 | 46.7 || 152 | 66.7 || 188 | 86.7
45 | 7.2 || 81 | 27.2 || 117 | 47.2 || 153 | 67.2 || 189 | 87.2
46 | 7.8 || 82 | 27.8 || 118 | 47.8 || 154 | 67.8 || 190 | 87.8
47 | 8.3 || 83 | 28.3 || 119 | 48.3 || 155 | 68.3 || 191 | 88.3
48 | 8.9 || 84 | 28.9 || 120 | 48.9 || 156 | 68.9 || 192 | 88.9
49 | 9.4 || 85 | 29.4 || 121 | 49.4 || 157 | 69.4 || 193 | 89.4
50 | 10.0 || 86 | 30.0 || 122 | 50.0 || 158 | 70.0 || 194 | 90.0
51 | 10.6 || 87 | 30.6 || 123 | 50.6 || 159 | 70.6 || 195 | 90.6
52 | 11.1 || 88 | 31.1 || 124 | 51.1 || 160 | 71.1 || 196 | 91.1
53 | 11.7 || 89 | 31.7 || 125 | 51.7 || 161 | 71.7 || 197 | 91.7
54 | 12.2 || 90 | 32.2 || 126 | 52.2 || 162 | 72.2 || 198 | 92.2
55 | 12.8 || 91 | 32.8 || 127 | 52.8 || 163 | 72.8 || 199 | 92.8
56 | 13.3 || 92 | 33.3 || 128 | 53.3 || 164 | 73.3 || 200 | 93.3
57 | 13.9 || 93 | 33.9 || 129 | 53.9 || 165 | 73.9 || 201 | 93.9
58 | 14.4 || 94 | 34.4 || 130 | 54.4 || 166 | 74.4 || 202 | 94.4
59 | 15.0 || 95 | 35.0 || 131 | 55.0 || 167 | 75.0 || 203 | 95.0
60 | 15.6 || 96 | 35.6 || 132 | 55.6 || 168 | 75.6 || 204 | 95.6
61 | 16.1 || 97 | 36.1 || 133 | 56.1 || 169 | 76.1 || 205 | 96.1
62 | 16.7 || 98 | 36.7 || 134 | 56.7 || 170 | 76.7 || 206 | 96.7
63 | 17.2 || 99 | 37.2 || 135 | 57.2 || 171 | 77.2 || 207 | 97.2
64 | 17.8 || 100 | 37.8 || 136 | 57.8 || 172 | 77.8 || 208 | 97.8
65 | 18.3 || 101 | 38.3 || 137 | 58.3 || 173 | 78.3 || 209 | 98.3
66 | 18.9 || 102 | 38.9 || 138 | 58.9 || 174 | 78.9 || 210 | 98.9
67 | 19.4 || 103 | 39.4 || 139 | 59.4 || 175 | 79.4 || 211 | 99.4
| || | || | || | || 212 |100.0
~Percentage Formula~ for addition of salts, etc., to completed media.
~Formula for preparing any desired percentage~ of a given salt, etc., in
tubed media; e. g., to make 4 per cent. solution of KNO_{3} in a
series of tubes of broth each containing 10 c.c. of medium, when there
is already available a 25 per cent. stock aqueous solution of potassium
nitrate.
(_N_ + ~X~) _Y_ _A_ (~X~)
--------------- = ----------
100 100
_N_ = number of cubic centimetres contained in each tube.
~X~ = amount of stock solution to be added to each tube.
_Y_ = percentage required in the medium.
_A_ = percentage of stock solution.
Then
(10 + ~X~) 4 25 ~X~
------------ = ------
100 100
Therefore, 40 + 4~X~ = 25~X~.
Therefore, 21~X~ = 40.
~X~ = 1.9 c.c.
This allows for solution added to the original bulk of medium.
Therefore, 10 c.c. broth + 1.9 c.c. of a 25 per cent. aqueous solution
KNO_{3} makes 11.9 c.c. medium containing 4 per cent. KNO_{3}.
~TABLES FOR PREPARING DILUTIONS~
(of Serum, Disinfectants or other substances.)
In estimating the agglutinin content or _titre_ of a serum, testing
disinfectants and for many other purposes, it becomes necessary to
prepare a series of dilutions of the material under examination, and in
order to avoid unnecessary expenditure of labour it is convenient to
adhere to some definite scale of increment, such for example as the
following:
From dilutions of 1:10 to 1:80 rise by increments of 5.
From dilutions of 1:80 to 1:200 rise by increments of 10.
From dilutions of 1:200 to 1:400 rise by increments of 25.
From dilutions of 1:400 to 1:500 rise by increments of 50.
From dilutions of 1:500 to 1:1000 rise by increments of 100.
From dilutions of 1: 1000 to 1:5000 rise by increments of 250.
From dilutions of 1: 5000 to 1:10,000 rise by increments of 1000.
From dilutions of 1:10,000 to 1:100,000 rise by increments of 5000.
From dilutions of 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 rise by increments of 100,000.
When dealing with a substance of unknown powers--and this is especially
true with regard to agglutinating sera--it is customary to run a
preliminary test, using a few widely separated dilutions such as may be
obtained in the following manner:
FIRST DILUTION--I.
1 c.c. serum + 9 c.c. normal saline solution = 10 per cent. solution or
1: 10 dilution (of which 1 c.c. contains 0.1 c.c. of the original
serum).
When dealing with fluids other than serum the diluent is usually
distilled water; whilst if the original substance is a solid the
instructions would read:
1 gram o.s. + 10 c.c. distilled water = 10 per cent. solution, etc.
SECOND DILUTION--II.
1 c.c. first dilution + 9 c.c. normal saline solution = 1 per cent.
solution or 1: 100 dilution.
THIRD DILUTION--III.
1 c.c. second dilution + 9 c.c. normal saline solution = 1 per mille
solution or 1: 1000 dilution.
FOURTH DILUTION--IV.
1 c.c. second dilution + 9 c.c. normal saline solution = 0.1 per mille
solution or 1: 10,000 dilution.
The following tables showing the secondary dilutions that can readily be
prepared from each of these four primary dilutions for use in the
subsequent determination of the exact _titre_ will probably be found of
service by those who are not ready mathematicians.
TABLES FOR PREPARING DILUTIONS.
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------
|
TABLE I | TABLE II
Using 10 % stock solution | Using 1% stock solution
First } | Second }
dilution } + Diluent | dilution } + Diluent
|
-----------------------------------+----------------------------------
|
1: 10 = 1 c.c. + 0 c.c. | 1: 100 = 1 c.c. + 0 c.c.
1: 15 = 1 c.c. + 0.5 c.c. | 1: 110 = 1 c.c. + 0.1 c.c.
1: 20 = 1 c.c. + 1.0 c.c. | 1: 120 = 1 c.c. + 0.2 c.c.
1: 25 = 1 c.c. + 1.5 c.c. | [1: 125 = 1 c.c. + 0.25 c.c.]
1: 30 = 1 c.c. + 2.0 c.c. | 1: 130 = 1 c.c. + 0.3 c.c.
1: 35 = 1 c.c. + 2.5 c.c. | 1: 140 = 1 c.c. + 0.4 c.c.
1: 40 = 1 c.c. + 3.0 c.c. | 1: 150 = 1 c.c. + 0.5 c.c.
1: 45 = 1 c.c. + 3.5 c.c. | 1: 160 = 1 c.c. + 0.6 c.c.
1: 50 = 1 c.c. + 4.0 c.c. | 1: 170 = 1 c.c. + 0.7 c.c.
1: 55 = 1 c.c. + 4.5 c.c. | [1: 175 = 1 c.c. + 0.75 c.c.]
1: 60 = 1 c.c. + 5.0 c.c. | 1: 180 = 1 c.c. + 0.8 c.c.
1: 65 = 1 c.c. + 5.5 c.c. | 1: 190 = 1 c.c. + 0.9 c.c.
1: 70 = 1 c.c. + 6.0 c.c. | 1: 200 = 1 c.c. + 1.0 c.c.
1: 75 = 1 c.c. + 6.5 c.c. +---------------------------------
1: 80 = 1 c.c. + 7.0 c.c. | 1: 200 = 1 c.c. + 1.0 c.c.
------------------------------+ 1: 225 = 1 c.c. + 1.25 c.c.
1: 80 = 1 c.c. + 7.0 c.c. | 1: 250 = 1 c.c. + 1.5 c.c.
1: 90 = 1 c.c. + 8.0 c.c. | 1: 275 = 1 c.c. + 1.75 c.c.
1: 100 = 1 c.c. + 9.00 c.c. | 1: 300 = 1 c.c. + 2.0 c.c.
1: 110 = 1 c.c. + 10.0 c.c. | 1: 325 = 1 c.c. + 2.25 c.c.
1: 120 = 1 c.c. + 11.0 c.c. | 1: 350 = 1 c.c. + 2.5 c.c.
[1: 125 = 1 c.c. + 11.5 c.c.] | 1: 375 = 1 c.c. + 2.75 c.c.
1: 130 = 1 c.c. + 12.0 c.c. | 1: 400 = 1 c.c. + 3.0 c.c.
1: 140 = 1 c.c. + 13.0 c.c. +---------------------------------
1: 150 = 1 c.c. + 14.0 c.c. | 1: 400 = 1 c.c. + 3.0 c.c.
1: 160 = 1 c.c. + 15.0 c.c. | 1: 450 = 1 c.c. + 3.5 c.c.
1: 170 = 1 c.c. + 16.0 c.c. | 1: 500 = 1 c.c. + 4.0 c.c.
[1: 175 = 1 c.c. +-16.5 c.c.] +---------------------------------
1: 180 = 1 c.c. + 17.0 c.c. | 1: 500 = 1 c.c. + 4.0 c.c.
1: 190 = 1 c.c. + 18.0 c.c. | 1: 600 = 1 c.c. + 5.0 c.c.
1: 200 = 1 c.c. + 19.0 c.c. | 1: 700 = 1 c.c. + 6.0 c.c.
----------------- ------------+ [1: 750 = 1 c.c. + 6.5 c.c.]
1: 200 = 1 c.c. + 19.0 c.c. | 1: 800 = 1 c.c. + 7.0 c.c.
1: 225 = 1 c.c. + 21.5 c.c. | 1: 900 = 1 c.c. + 8.0 c.c.
1: 250 = 1 c.c. + 24.0 c.c. | 1: 1000 = 1 c.c. + 9.0 c.c.
1: 275 = 1 c.c. + 26.5 c.c. +--------------------------------
1: 300 = 1 c.c. + 29.0 c.c. | 1: 1000 = 1 c.c. + 9.0 c.c.
1: 325 = 1 c.c. +-31.5 c.c. | 1: 2000 = 1 c.c. + 19.0 c.c.
1: 350 = 1 c.c. + 34.0 c.c. | 1: 3000 = 1 c.c. + 29.0 c.c.
1: 375 = 1 c.c. + 36.5 c.c. | 1: 4000 = 1 c.c. + 39.0 c.c.
1: 400 = 1 c.c. + 39.0 c.c. | 1: 5000 = 1 c.c. + 49.0 c.c.
------------------------------+--------------------------------
1: 400 = 1 c.c. + 39.0 c.c. |
1: 450 = 1 c.c. + 44.5 c.c. |
1: 500 = 1 c.c. + 49.0 c.c. |
---------------------------------+-------------------------------
|
TABLE III | TABLE IV
Using 0.1% stock solution | Using 0.01% stock solution
Third } | Fourth }
dilution } + Diluent | Dilution } + Diluent
|
---------------------------------+-------------------------------
|
1: 1000 = 1 c.c. + 0 c.c. | 1: 10,000 = 1 c.c. + 0 c.c.
1: 1250 = 1 c.c. + 0.25 c.c. | 1: 15,000 = 1 c.c. + 0.5 c.c.
1: 1500 = 1 c.c. + 0.5 c.c. | 1: 20,000 = 1 c.c. + 1.0 c.c.
1: 1750 = 1 c.c. + 0.75 c.c. | 1: 25,000 = 1 c.c. + 1.5 c.c.
1: 2000 = 1 c.c. + 1.0 c.c. | 1: 30,000 = 1 c.c. + 2.0 c.c.
1: 2250 = 1 c.c. + 1.25 c.c. | 1: 35,000 = 1 c.c. + 2.5 c.c.
1: 2500 = 1 c.c. + 1.5 c.c. | 1: 40,000 = 1 c.c. + 3.0 c.c.
1: 2750 = 1 c.c. + 1.75 c.c. | 1: 45,000 = 1 c.c. + 3.5 c.c.
1: 3000 = 1 c.c. + 2.0 c.c. | 1: 50,000 = 1 c.c. + 4.0 c.c.
1: 3250 = 1 c.c. + 2.25 c.c. | 1: 55,000 = 1 c.c. + 4.5 c.c.
1: 3500 = 1 c.c. + 2.5 c.c. | 1: 60,000 = 1 c.c. + 5.0 c.c.
1: 3750 = 1 c.c. + 2.75 c.c. | 1: 65,000 = 1 c.c. + 5.5 c.c.
1: 4000 = 1 c.c. + 3.0 c.c. | 1: 70,000 = 1 c.c. + 6.0 c.c.
1: 4250 = 1 c.c. + 3.25 c.c. | 1: 75,000 = 1 c.c. + 6.5 c.c.
1: 4500 = 1 c.c. + 3.5 c.c. | 1: 80,000 = 1 c.c. + 7.0 c.c.
1: 4750 = 1 c.c. + 3.75 c.c. | 1: 85,000 = 1 c.c. + 7.5 c.c.
1: 5000 = 1 c.c. + 4.0 c.c. | 1: 90,000 = 1 c.c. + 8.0 c.c.
--------------------------------+ 1: 95,000 = 1 c.c. + 8.5 c.c.
1: 5000 = 1 c.c. + 4.0 c.c. | 1: 100,000 = 1 c.c. + 9.0 c.c.
1: 6000 = 1 c.c. + 5.0 c.c. +-----------------------------------
1: 7000 = 1 c.c. + 6.0 c.c. | 1: 100,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 0.9 c.c.
[1: 7500 = 1 c.c. + 6.5 c.c.] | 1: 200,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 1.9 c.c.
1: 8000 = 1 c.c. + 7.0 c.c. | [1: 250,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 2.4 c.c.]
1: 9000 = 1 c.c. + 8.0 c.c. | 1: 300,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 2.9 c.c.
1: 10,000 = 1 c.c. + 9.0 c.c. | 1: 400,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 3.9 c.c.
------------------------------- + 1: 500,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 4.9 c.c.
1: 10,000 = 1 c.c. + 9.0 c.c. +-----------------------------------
1: 15,000 = 1 c.c. + 14.0 c.c. | 1: 500,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 4.9 c.c.
1: 20,000 = 1 c.c. + 19.0 c.c. | 1: 600,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 5.9 c.c.
1: 25,000 = 1 c.c. + 24.0 c.c. | 1: 700,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 6.9 c.c.
1: 30,000 = 1 c.c. + 29.0 c.c. | [1: 750,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 7.4 c.c.]
--------------------------------+ 1: 800,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 7.9 c.c.
| 1: 900,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 8.9 c.c.
| 1:1,000,000 = 0.1 c.c. + 9.9 c.c.
-+-------------------------------------
TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TABLE.
---------------+--------------+---------------------+-------------
Temperature | | Pounds per sq. in. |
Centigrade | Mm. of Hg. | absolute pressure | Atmospheres
| | |
---------------+--------------+---------------------+-------------
| | |
98 deg. | 707.1 | 13.7 | 0.93
99 deg. | 733.1 | 14.2 | 0.96
100 deg. | 760.0 | 14.7 | 1.00
| | |
101 deg. | 787.8 | 15.2 | 1.03
102 deg. | 816.0 | 15.8 | 1.07
103 deg. | 845.2 | 16.3 | 1.11
104 deg. | 875.4 | 16.9 | 1.15
105 deg. | 906.4 | 17.5 | 1.19
| | |
106 deg. | 938.3 | 18.1 | 1.23
107 deg. | 971.1 | 18.8 | 1.27
108 deg. | 1004.9 | 19.4 | 1.32
109 deg. | 1039.6 | 20.1 | 1.36
110 deg. | 1075.3 | 20.8 | 1.41
| | |
111 deg. | 1112.0 | 21.5 | 1.46
112 deg. | 1149.8 | 22.2 | 1.51
113 deg. | 1188.6 | 22.9 | 1.56
114 deg. | 1228.4 | 23.7 | 1.61
115 deg. | 1269.4 | 24.5 | 1.67
| | |
116 deg. | 1311.4 | 25.3 | 1.72
117 deg. | 1354.6 | 26.2 | 1.78
118 deg. | 1399.0 | 27.0 | 1.84
119 deg. | 1444.5 | 27.9 | 1.90
120 deg. | 1491.2 | 28.8 | 1.96
| | |
121 deg. | 1539.2 | 29.7 | 2.02
122 deg. | 1588.4 | 30.7 | 2.09
123 deg. | 1638.9 | 31.7 | 2.15
124 deg. | 1690.7 | 32.7 | 2.22
125 deg. | 1743.8 | 33.7 | 2.29
---------------+--------------+---------------------+-------------
TABLE FOR DESICCATION AT LOW TEMPERATURES IN VACUO.
+--------------------------+
| Temperature | |
| Centigrade | Mm. of Hg. |
+-------------+------------+
| 21 deg. | 18.4 |
| 22 deg. | 19.6 |
| 23 deg. | 20.8 |
| 24 deg. | 22.1 |
| 25 deg. | 23.5 |
| | |
| 26 deg. | 24.9 |
| 27 deg. | 26.4 |
| 28 deg. | 28.0 |
| 29 deg. | 29.7 |
| 30 deg. | 31.5 |
| | |
| 31 deg. | 33.3 |
| 32 deg. | 35.3 |
| 33 deg. | 37.3 |
| 34 deg. | 39.5 |
| 35 deg. | 41.7 |
| | |
| 36 deg. | 44.1 |
| 37 deg. | 46.6 |
| 38 deg. | 49.2 |
| 39 deg. | 51.9 |
| 40 deg. | 54.8 |
| | |
| 41 deg. | 57.8 |
| 42 deg. | 61.0 |
| 43 deg. | 64.3 |
| 44 deg. | 67.7 |
| 45 deg. | 71.3 |
| | |
| 46 deg. | 75.1 |
| 47 deg. | 79.0 |
| 48 deg. | 83.1 |
| 49 deg. | 87.4 |
| 50 deg. | 91.9 |
+-------------+------------+
ANTIFORMIN METHOD
For the detection of B. Tuberculosis.
_Antiformin_ was introduced into bacteriological technique by Uhlenhuth
in 1908 for the purpose of demonstrating tubercle bacilli when present
in small numbers, in sputum or other material. It is a powerful
oxidising agent and rapidly destroys most bacteria, but tubercle and
other acid-fast organisms resist its lethal action for considerable
periods, and upon this fact the method is based.
_To prepare Antiformin_ measure out and mix:--
Eau de Javelle (Liquor sodae chlorinatae--B.P.) 50 c.c.
Sodic hydrate 15 per cent. aqueous solution 50 c.c.
METHOD.
1. Introduce the sputum or other material (e. g. milk deposit and cream;
pus; minced gland or other organ; caseous material; broken down foci,
etc.) into a sterile tube and then add an equal volume of antiformin.
2. Close the tube with a rubber cork and shake vigorously (a sample of
antiformin that does not "foam" at this stage is of little use).
Disintegration of the material at once starts, associated bacteria are
destroyed and the mixture rapidly becomes a homogenous but turbid
fluid--a process which may be hastened by:--
3. Placing the tube in the incubator at 37 deg. C. for 30 minutes--shaking
from time to time.
4. Centrifugalise the fluid thoroughly, at high speed.
5. Pipette off the supernatant fluid, fill up with sterile distilled
water, cork the tube and shake to distribute the deposit throughout the
water. Again centrifugalise.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 twice more.
7. Employ one portion of the final deposit to inoculate guinea pigs.
8. Plant the remainder of the deposit freely on Dorset's Egg medium; cap
and incubate at 37 deg. C.
NOTE.--If only microscopical films are needed, fill up the
centrifuge tube with Ligroin (a petroleum ether) in place of
sterile distilled water in step 5 and prepare the films from
the _surface_ of the fluid, to stain by the Ziehl-Neelsen
process.
INDEX
Abbe's condenser, 7
Abbott's stain for spores, 107
Aberration, chromatic, 56
spherical, 55
Absolute alcohol as a fixative, 82
as an antiseptic, 27
Absorbent paper for drying cover-slips, 69
A. C. E. mixture, 345
Acetic acid for clearing films, 82
Achromatic condenser, 54
Acid haematin, 96
production, analysis table, 283
by bacteria, 145
investigation of, 280
qualitative examination, 283, 284
quantitative examination, 280
Acid-fast bacilli in tissues, to stain, 124
Action of various gases on bacteria, 295
Active immunisation, illustrative example, 322
Adjustable water bath, 299
Aerobic cultures, 221
Aerogenic bacteria, 131
Aesculin agar, 204
Agar gelatine (guarniari), 194
methods of preparation, 167
surface plates, 232
Agar-agar, preparation of, 167
Agglutination reaction, macroscopical, 386
microscopical, 385
Agglutinin, 381
Air, analysis of, 468
filter, 40
pump, Geryk, 43
Albumin solution, Mayer's, 120
Alcohol production, test for, 285
Alkaline pyro, 239
Alum carmine, 96
Ammonia production test for, 285
Amphitrichous bacteria, 136
Anaerobic cultures, 236
Botkin's method, 243
Buchner's method, 238
Bulloch's method, 245
Hesse's method, 237
McLeod's method, 240
media, 180
Novy's method, 244
Anaerobic cultures, Roux's biological method, 237
physical method, 237
vacuum method, 238
Wright's method, 239
Anaesthetics, 345
Analysis of air, apparatus for, 469
method of, 468
qualitative bacteriological, 470
quantitative bacteriological, 468
of butter, qualitative bacteriological, 458
quantitative bacteriological, 457
of cream, qualitative bacteriological, 458
quantitative bacteriological, 457
of fish, 460
of ice cream, qualitative bacteriological, 457
of meat, apparatus for, 460
method of, 460
qualitative bacteriological, 462
of milk, apparatus for, 444
collection of samples, 441
method of, 441
qualitative bacteriological, 446.
quantitative bacteriological, 444
of oysters, 463
of sewage, qualitative bacteriological, 467
quantitative bacteriological, 466
of shellfish, 463
of soil, apparatus for, 473
collection of samples, 471
method of, 470
qualitative bacteriological, 476
quantitative bacteriological, 473
of water, apparatus for, 420, 427
collection of samples, 416
method of, 416
qualitative bacteriological, 426
Analysis of water, quantitative bacteriological, 420
Aniline dyes, 83
Gentian violet, 95
water, to prepare, 108
Animal tissue media (Frugoni), 210
Animals, natural infections of, 337
Antiformin method for B. tuberculosis, 502
Antigen, definition of, 324
Antiseptics, 27
action of, 310
Apparent filth in milk, 450
Arnold's steam steriliser, 34
Arthrogenous spores, 138
Ascitic bouillon, 210
fluid agar (Wassermann), 213
Ascomycetae, 128
Ascopores, 129
Asparagin Media (Frankel and Voges), 183
(Uschinsky), 183
Aspergillus, 127
Atmospheric conditions, 295
Attenuating the virulence of organisms, 321
Autoclave, 37
to use, 37
Automatic pipettes, 13
Autopsies, 396
Autopsy, card index for, 402
Bacilli, morphology of, 132
Bacillus anthracis in soil, 477
in water, 440
coli in water, detection of, 429
diphtheriae in milk, 452
enteritidis in water, 437
sporogenes in milk, 452
in water, 438
oedematis maligni in soil, 477
tetani in soil, 477
in water, 441
tuberculosis in milk, 453
antiformin method, 502
typhosus in water, 441
Bacteria, anatomy of, 134
classification of, 131
grouping of, for study, 410
in tissues, demonstration of, 114
influence of environment on, 142
metabolic products of, 143
methods of identification, 259
microscopical examination of, stained, 81
unstained, 74
physiology of, 136
Bacteria, simple stains for, 90
Bacterial emulsion, preparation of, 389
enzymes, 144, 277
ferments, 144
food stuffs, 142
toxins, 144
Bacteriological analyses, general considerations, 415
examination of blood, 377
Base of microscope, 50
Basidium, 128
Beer wort, preparation of, 175
Beetroot media, 200
Beggiotoa, morphology of, 133
Benzole bath, 256
Berkefeld filter, 42
Beyrinck's solution I, 197
II, 198
Bile salt agar (MacConkey), 205
broth, double strength, 199
(MacConkey), 180
Biochemical examination of cultures, 276
Biochemistry of bacteria, 276
Biological differentiation of bacteria, 249
Bipolar germination, 140
Bismarck brown, 94
Blastomycetes, morphology of, 129
Blood agar, 171, 214
plates, animal, 251
human, 250
(Washbourn), 214
bacteriological examination of, 377
cells, washing of, 388
collection of, for serological examination, 379
films, preparations of, 376
staining of, 97
histological examination of, 373
pipettes, 11
serological examination of, 378
stains, 97
Blood-serum (Councilman and Mallory), 208
inspissated, 168
(Loeffler), 208
(Lorrain Smith), 208
Blowpipe table, 9
Body tube of microscope, 50
Bohemian flask, 4
Boiling water, 33
Bone marrow, films, preparation of, 400
Bordet-Gengou reaction, 393
Boric acid in milk, test for, 442
Botkin's anaerobic method, 243
Bouillon, preparation of, 163
Brain extract, 149
Bread paste, 193
Brilliant green agar (Conradi), 206
bile salt agar (Fawcus), 206
Brownian movement, 79
Buchner's anaerobic method, 238
Bulloch's anaerobic method, 245
tubes for permanent preparations, 407
Bunge's mordant, 104
Burri's Chinese ink stain, 77
Butter, analysis of, 457
qualitative analysis of, 458
quantitative analysis of, 457
Cadaver, preparation of, for autopsy, 397