K. “The city of Timbuctoo, ten days’ jou_Journal of a second expedition into the interior of Africa, from the Bight of Benin to Soccatoo

L. “Representation of the city of Timbuctoo.”

M. “The island and town of Jéri, together with the branch of

the river that surrounds them. This island is in the middle of the

territory of Maséna, or Masera, and between it and Sego is seven

days’ journey.”

N. “This branch of the river is called, in the language of the

Felan people, Bálió, and in Arabic the Black Sea or River. It

extends from Jéri to Foota-Jaló.”

O. “This branch is called by the Felans Ranioo, and in Arabic the

White Sea or River. It extends from Maséna to Sego, Foota-toroo,

and to Darhoz (perhaps San Salvador), one of the towns of the French

Christians.”

P. “The road from Soccatoo to Maséna, which is frequented in these

days, across the river and the island of Oodel, with the names and

description of the towns and countries that are on it, between the

river and Maséna.

“On the west bank of the river the country of Biténkoobi lies. Its

inhabitants are of the tribe of Felan; it abounds with mountains,

rocks, plains, elephants, and buffaloes; and has along the bank of

the river many white hills. Some of the people drink their water

from the river, and others have shallow wells.

“Next to this, at one day’s journey through an inhabited country,

the territory of Maázo-moudi lies, whose inhabitants are of the

tribe of Tooroodi. It is a low mountainous country, and abounds with

thorny trees and wells. Its prince is a tall and extremely strong man,

and renowned for his courage and wars.”

Q. “Is the country of Yaghrá; between it and Maázo-moudi is

about three days’ journey, through desert and stony plains, with

a few trees and some mountains. In the midst of the plains, however,

there is a well-known river, called Sirba. Yaghra is now possessed by

a prince of the Felans, named Ibrahim (Abraham) Boonti. It contains

woods, small mountains, and a well-known deep river, called Yalí,

from which the people get their water.”

R. “Is the country of Lebtakó; between it and Yaghrá is two

days’ journey, through woody plains and low ground. Its inhabitants

are Felans, and its prince is named Saléh. They are a great warlike

people, possessing fine swift horses and many cattle. They subsist

upon the corn called dokhun (millet); and their country is hilly

and sandy, and has a large lake, called Dúry.”

S. “Is the country of Jelghooji; between it and Lebtakó is two

days’ journey, one of which is through villages, and the other

through desert plains, in the midst of which there is a large lake,

called Bookma. The king of this country is named Hamarkoli, and the

people are Felans, and well known as great warriors. They possess

abundance of swift horses, oxen, and other cattle. The country

is mountainous, woody, and has a well-known lake, called Jeboo,

besides a great many wells.”

T. “Is the territory of Hajrí, one day’s journey from Jelghooji. It is

extensive, but very rocky, stony, and mountainous; has a great many

sandy hills and a few vales; water in it is very scarce, and it has but

few wells, so much so, that its inhabitants are obliged to store their

water, during the rainy season, within the trunks of trees. The

inhabitants of the vales are the Felans, who originally conquered these

countries; but the mountains are inhabited by a people called

Benoo-Hami (the children of Ham), of the tribe of Sokai. They are great

warriors, subsist upon the dokhun, and have abundance of swift horses

and oxen. In the middle of this country there is a very great and lofty

mountain, equal to which is not known in those parts, and here is its

representation. [See ◬ in the chart.] Upon it there is a town called

Oonbori, whose king is named Noohoo-ghaloo-farma, of the tribe of

Sokai, and is renowned for his generosity and munificence.

“All these countries, except Oonbori, are subject to our Lord the

Prince of the Believers, Mohammed Bello, whom may God cause to be

ever victorious, for the glory of the faithful, and the annihilation

of the infidels.”

U. “Is the territory of Maséna, seven days’ journey from

Hajrí: it is very extensive, fertile, and abounds with rivers

and lakes. Its villages join both the old and modern ones of the

Felans. Its inhabitants are powerful warriors, since ancient times

possessing abundance of oxen and sheep, and are blessed with every

comfort of food and living; most of them subsist upon rice, butter,

fish, and meat. In the middle of the country there are two lofty

mountains, called Soroba and Goran, and its cattle feed, throughout

the four seasons of the year, upon grass; and as the lands are almost

continually covered with water, the shepherds and herdsmen gather the

grass, heap it up in large stacks, and, while the cattle are grazing,

live upon the tops thereof till the waters are dried up. Though this

may appear marvellous, it is the fact with these people.”

Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. “Are four rivers (perhaps canals) belonging

to Maséna.”

“The present Sultan of Maséna is Ahmad Hamad Labo, who rules

over Timbuctoo, Jeri, and Oonbori, and indeed he may be called the

sovereign of the Gharb (West) in Soodan. He is now at war with Sego.

“From Soccatoo to Benji is one day’s journey through Sisilbi,

which is the metropolis of Ghalooji. This country is level and

fertile, and contains rivers, woods, gardens, and wells. On the east

side of it there are two rocky, rugged mountains; on the right there

is a river, and on the left there are plains and barren deserts. In

the environs of the capital of Benji there are, however, several

villages or towns belonging to the Mohammedans. Between the territory

of Benji and that of Mouri is three days’ and nights’ journey,

through barren and sandy deserts. Mouri contains small mountains,

woods, and has two roads on the left; on one of which there is a deep

stream, and on the other are two lakes, surrounded with flowering

and fruitful trees. This country originally belonged to the Sultan of

Kabi, and its inhabitants are infidels. Its present sultan is named

Ghagara, and has a city for his residence named Lukoo-you, which has

a great lake near it. The chief towns of this country are Dogordoosi,

Myzani, Toonsubi, and Tabada. There are many smaller ones, which

need not be mentioned for brevity’s sake. The lands are mostly

stony, sandy, and hilly. There are a great many deep wells, well

supplied with water; but the country altogether has but few trees,

though it abounds with reptiles.

“Next to it, at two days’ journey through dry deserts, with one

track of road only, though woody and hilly, the country of Emanoo

lies, the first town of which is Bakendoosi, which is of a moderate

size; and has, on the east, a lake surrounded with trees; and, on

the west, a well-known great and very tall tree. Between this town

and the metropolis of the sultan, whose name is Aghmarak, is half

a day’s journey. Emanoo is part of the countries of the Tuaricks,

and contains lakes, wells, mountains, hills, and sands. Its people

live upon the dokhun, and possess a great many cattle.

“Next to this, at one day’s journey, is the territory of

Taghzar, which also belongs to the Tuaricks, and contains hills,

wells, and natron lakes, which is called in our language káwa, or

salt. East and west of this country there are mountains well stocked

with cattle. The people are the worst and most ill-disposed of the

tribes of Tuarick; and their chief living is peas and dokhun. Their

sultan is named Hama-ráwadó, and also Hama-zanzamá, which means

in our language Dog.

“On the right of this country the territory of Jerma lies; it

is a narrow vale, between high hills and hillocks of sand; and on

the east it has a lofty mountain; it contains natron and other

deep lakes. It is inhabited by the tribe of Benoo-Hami, who are

great warriors, possessing swift and well-trained horses, and their

spears are extremely long and well-ironed with sharp blades. They

are ill-disposed people, and have no lawful sultan, but their chief

is one chosen out of the tribe. They subsist mostly upon dokhun,

and their country abuts on the great sea or river Cówara.

“On the left of the before-mentioned country (Taghzar) that of Azwa

lies, which is inhabited both by the Tuarick and by Benoo-Hami. It

contains plains, vales, mountains, hills, and sands; and has deep

streams. They possess abundance of cattle, and most of their living

is the dokhun.

“Between Taghzar and the river Cówara is three days’ journey,

through a barren desert, without any human being in it, inhabited

only by wild beasts; and it has a long and deep stream running through

sandy hills. From this stream the people of Taghzar provide themselves

with water when they go to the chase of the giraffe in the winter

season. The distance between their town and this stream is half a

day’s journey, through some woody plains, a few small mountains, and

sandy hills. On the road, however, there is a small lake, surrounded

with shrubs and trees, in which water is found only in the autumn.

“Near the river there are a great many white hills, without any

trees upon them; but on the banks there are very large tall trees

of tamarinds, under the shade of which travellers rest themselves.

W. “Now the great river Cówara comes, and here is its representation.

This great river is the largest in all the territories of Houssa; we

know not of its source, nor of any one who has seen it. It rushes and

precipitates itself through the country from left to right, and

contains many islands inhabited by fishermen, herdsmen, husbandmen, and

settlers. As to the variety of its animals, birds, and fish, it is only

known to the Lord Creator; it has rocks and mountains, which break and

shatter to pieces all vessels that are driven against them; and its

great roaring and noise, with the agitation of its waves, astonish the

hearer and terrify the beholder; and, at the same time, exhibit the

wonderful power of the Omnipotent Creator.

X. “Is an undescribed branch of the river.

Y. “The writing of this copy ended on Thursday afternoon, the

5th of Rajab, 1242, of Hegira—(January 31, 1827, A.D.), in the

city of Soccatoo, residence of the Prince of the Faithful Sultan

Mohammed Bello, by his special command to me, Mohammed, son of Ahmad

Masané—(_i.e._ native of Maséna)—for Abdálláh the English

Christian.”

A. V. SALAMÉ.

* * * * *

No. II.

_Translation of the Account of the “Expedition of Forty

Christians,” &c. &c._

“In past years a company of Christians came from the side of

Darwadar[2], a town belonging to the Christians, following the

river to Foota-tooro, and from thence they proceeded to Ségo. They

were forty men, and, on their arrival, the Sultan of Ségo received

them hospitably, gave them presents, and lodged them in one of his

towns called Sansaní (Sansanding of Park). They then acquainted

him that they wished to build a ship; to do which he gave them

leave. During their residence there, and the building of the ship,

most of them died, and by the time the ship was finished, five only

were alive. These five men embarked on board the vessel, and proceeded

eastwards till they arrived at Jeris, where they resided as long as

God was pleased. They thence went on to Maséna, following the river

till they came to one of our towns called Seebi[3], between Jeri

and Timbuctoo, that they might cross the way of the river[4]. They

sojourned there with the prince, who was one of the sons of the Sultan

of Timbuctoo, and whose name was Babal-kydiali. He entertained them,

and gave them leave to proceed to Timbuctoo. They continued their

voyage till they arrived in safety, five as they were, at the city

of Timbuctoo, where they resided as long as God was pleased. Thence

they went on towards the country of Sóghy till they came to one of

its towns called Gharwal-gáoo. There the Tuaricks met, and fought

them severely till three were killed, and two only of them escaped

with the vessel.

“They proceeded towards the east till they arrived at Boussa;

but the inhabitants fought and killed them, and their ship is to

this moment there. This is the substance and the truth of the case.”

OBSERVATION.—From the melancholy termination of this adventure,

and the place where the boat now exists, no one can doubt that this

account relates to Mungo Park and his party; and that it is the most

authentic and circumstantial that can be had. As to their number being

“forty Christians,” it is easily accounted for, when we know that

those people call any one who might be in the service of an European

“a Christian.” So that it is not improbable that all those who

were employed by Mungo Park were considered “Christians,” and

thus formed the number of forty.

A. V. S.

* * * * *

No. III.

_A Geographical Account of the Country, Rivers, Lakes, &c. from

Bornou to Egypt, &c._

“The territory of Bornou is very extensive, and contains mountains,

sands, and lakes: it has also two well known cities; one is called

Sira, the other Kataghoon, whose prince is named Dankawa. To the

name of Bornou that of Ghoodri is sometimes added.

“At twenty days’ journey from Bornou the territory of Adamawá lies,

which is mountainous, and contains vales, hills, and rivers. Two-thirds

of its inhabitants are infidels, and one-third Felan Mahomedans. The

metropolis of their sultan is called Ghórin. They possess plenty of

horses and oxen, and subsist upon the dura (Indian corn). To the name

of Adamawá the word Foobina is often added.

“Next to Adamawá, at two days’ journey through a mountainous

desert abounding with rivers, the country of Lúghwí (Loggun of

Denham) lies; it contains a great many rivers, lakes, forests,

and trees. Its inhabitants are Soodan Mahomedans; but the desert

between it and Adamawá is infested with infidel robbers, who ride

their horses without saddles, fight most desperately, often interrupt

traffic on the road, and kill any one who falls into their hands.

“From Lúghwí to the territory of Baghármy, which comes next

to it, is two days’ journey through a desert containing a great

and extensive fresh-water sea, called Asoor or Ashoo[5]. This

country is hilly, sandy, and has small mountains; its width is a

distance of ten days, and its length is much more. Its inhabitants

are Soodan, Kahlans, and Arabs, who are robbers, and a treacherous

set of people. Their sultan, whose name is Borkoomada, is as cruel

as themselves, and even slays sheiks and Mahomedans. They possess

abundance of horses and oxen, get their water from wells, and subsist

upon the dokhun.

“Next to Baghármy the country of Roogá lies, which is stony,

abounding with rivers, and inhabited by infidels.

“At three days’ journey through places inhabited by Arabs is the

territory of Wadaí; it is very extensive, hilly, sandy, mountainous,

and contains vales, lakes, and deep wells. Its sultan is named

Yousuf, and his capital, which is situated under high mountains,

is called Hoowara[6]; the inhabitants are a mixture of Arabs and

Persians; they are renowned for courage in war, swift horses, and

the abundance of their camels, oxen, and sheep. They have a great

many market places or towns, and their living is the dokhun and dura.

“Next to Wadaí the country of Foor (Dar-foor) lies, at two

days’ journey through mountains and woody deserts, in the midst of

which there is a vale containing dom trees. The territory of Foor

is very extensive, hilly, sandy, and droughty, so much so, that,

notwithstanding the great many deep wells they have, the people are

obliged to preserve their water within the trunks of trees. They

are a mixture of Felans, Arabs, and Kahlans; they possess plenty

of swift horses, camels, oxen, and sheep; they have all sorts of

warlike weapons, as shields, spears, armour, and so forth[7], and

are great warriors. Their sultan is named Mohammed Fadlú, who is a

genteel, handsome, black man, and renowned for his munificence and

generosity. His capital is called Nantalti, through which a river

runs during the rainy season; but in winter the people are obliged

to dig wells in the bed of that river for water. They live upon the

dokhun and dura, and have some date gardens.

“At ten days’ journey from Foor, through a mountainous, hilly,

sandy, and droughty desert, is the country of the Kordofal, which

extends seven days in length, and is inhabited by Arabs and Kahlans;

it is however possessed now by the Turks[8]. It is very fertile,

and has small mountains, hills, and sands; as also it contains fine

horses, and plenty of cattle and asses. The capital of its sultan

is called Loobi, and the living of the people is the dokhun.

“Next to Kordofal is Sonnar, which is a very extensive and fertile

country; and its inhabitants, who are Arabs, are blessed with every

sort of comfort by being able to cultivate the lands at all seasons

of the year. This fertility is owing to the situation of the country

being between two branches of the Nile; one of which, it is said,

runs from the eastward, and the other, which is called the White

river, runs from the westward; so that Sonnar is an island between

the two rivers. It is, however, now in possession of the Turks[9]. It

is a very cheap country, and its inhabitants possess plenty of oxen

and asses, and subsist upon the dokhun.

“The White river becomes very full of water during the rainy

season, which brings with it, from the Blue river, the animal called

Anghorotú[10]; but during the summer it becomes so shallow as to

be waded, the water not reaching above the thighs of people.

“Between Sonnar and Sawaken, which is on the Salt Sea coast (the

Red Sea), is a distance of forty days.”

A. S.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 2: It is perhaps Salvador.—A. S.]

[Footnote 3: It should here be observed that the writer, who is the

secretary of Sultan Bello, and wrote this by his order out of their

records, is a native of Maséna.—A. S.]

[Footnote 4: Whether this means the course, the current, or a reach

of the river, I cannot make out.—A. S.]

[Footnote 5: This must be another name for the great lake Shad or

Tchad.—A. S.—Perhaps rather the Asu river of Lander.—ED.]

[Footnote 6: The crown prince of Wadaí, if we can call him so, was

last year in Egypt; and, upon his authority, this country lies under,

or at the foot of, the Mountains of the Moon.—A. S.]

[Footnote 7: When the present Pasha of Egypt sent his army to these

countries, a few years ago, some of these pieces of armour and

helmets were brought over to Cairo; and it was surprising to see

them resembling, in every respect, those of the ancient Romans and

Greeks.—A. S.]

[Footnote 8: Mohammed Ali, the present Pasha of Egypt.—A. S.]

[Footnote 9: See last Note.]

[Footnote 10: Whether this name is meant for the crocodile or

hippopotamus I cannot say.—A. S.]

NOS. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. AND IX.

_Traditional Account of different Nations of Africa, &c._

4. “The territory of Malee is extensive, contains a gold mine,

and is inhabited by Soodans, whose origin is said to be from the

remnants of the Copts. Among its inhabitants are also Towroods,

Felans, Arabs, Jews, and Christians. These last are subject to two

Christian sovereigns, who send their ships to the harbour of this

place; and it is said that this country was formerly possessed by

a people called Sarankali, who, it is presumed, were Persians.

“The kingdom of Malee is an ancient and flourishing country, and

comprises two other provinces: one is Banbara, which contains rivers,

woods, sands, a gold mine, and is occupied by the Soodan, who are

still infidels, and possess great power; the other, on the west of it,

is Foota, which is inhabited by the Towrood, and the Sarankali, or

Persians. The Towrood people, it is said, were originally Jews, others

say Christians; that they came from the land between the two rivers,

the Nile[11] and the Euphrates, and established themselves next to

the Jews who inhabited the island; and that whenever they oppressed

or encroached upon the Jews, the latter had always recourse to the

protection of the officers of the Sehabat (the immediate friends

or companions of Mohammed), who then ruled over them; that they

(the Jews) used to say to them: ‘We came to live in these islands

to wait the coming of a prophet (after whom there will be no other);

after whose coming and death a relation of his, named Aboo-Bakr, will

succeed him; and Aboo-Bakr’s successor will be Amroo, whose troops

will come upon the surface of this water (by which they meant Termes),

protect us against you, and enable us to conquer your country[12].’

“This is what we found written in our books.”

N. B.—The above account, with the exception of the latter part,

and a few small variations, has been already given to us in Sultan

Bello’s Geographical Account. (See Appendix, p. 166, First Journey.)

A. S.

5. “The origin of the Felan tribe is stated to be as follows: When

the army of the Sehabat, during the reign of Omar Ben El-khattab,

penetrated into the Gharb, they arrived first at Termes; the Towrood

people having seen them, went immediately under their protection, and

became Mooslemeens, before the Jews who were waiting for them[13];

in consequence of which they were enabled to fight and subdue the

Jews and Sarankali (Persians). When the Sehabat wished their troops

to retire from the Gharb, the prince of the Towrood said to them:

‘You came to us with a faith of which we were ignorant, and you are

now going away without leaving any one to instruct us in it and its

laws.’ The Sehabat, hearing this appeal, left behind them, for their

instruction, Okbat Ben Aamer. He married a daughter of the prince,

named Gajmáa, and begot by her four sons, Dytá, Náser, Wáyá, and

Rerebi. He afterwards returned to Egypt, and left his four sons behind

with their mother. They grew up, and spoke a different language from

that of their father, which was the Arabic, as well as from that of

their mother, which was the old Towrood, called Wakoori. They married,

and had sons and daughters, from whom the Felans descended; so that

the father of the Felans was an Arabian, and their mother a Towrood.

“This we found recorded in our books[14].”

6 “The country of Barghoo is situated on the right side of the

river; it is woody and sandy, and inhabited by tribes of the Soodan,

who, it is said, are descended from the slaves of the Felans, who

were left behind when their masters crossed the river; and thus

they peopled those countries. They are insubordinate and stubborn,

as also very powerful in magic; and it is recorded that, when the

equitable Prince Hadgi Mohamed Allah-kaja ruled over this province,

he could gain no advantage over them.

“Next to Barghoo, the province of Ghoorma lies; it is extensive,

mountainous, woody, sandy, and has various rivers. Its sultan is named

Boojujú, and the inhabitants are almost of the same description as

those of Barghoo, robbers, and depraved.

“On the west of Ghoorma, the country of Mooshier, or Mooshee, is

situated. It is extensive, and contains a gold mine, rivers, woods,

and mountains. It is inhabited by tribes of the Soodan, who possess

plenty of swift horses, very tall asses, and are very powerful in

war. Their sultan is named Wagadoogo, and their asses are imported

to Ghoonja to carry the drums of the army.

“On the right of Mooshér the territory of Asantí lies, which is

very extensive.”

N. B.—The above account, with the exception of a few small

variations, has also been given to us in Sultan Bello’s geographical

account. (See Appendix, p. 165-6, First Journey.)

7. _Itinerary._

“From Sira to Boogho is a distance of twenty days; thence to

Mooshkoom-Foosh, to Sary, to Sarwa, to Indam or Indag, to Warshá,

to Booshrá, to the mountain called Kaghoom, to Mount Kinghá, to

Mount Dooziyat, to Mount Aboo-Talfan, to Mount Aboo-Zarafat; then to

Rooga, to Dygo, to Kájá, to Katoonú; then to the mountain of Nubia,

to the gold mine called Tagly, which has no less than ninety-nine

mountains, the name of each of which begins with F; but three only

of these mountains are known, whose names are as follow: Fazooglú,

Fafaklú, and Foondooflú. In two days from this place, you will

get to the Nile of Sonnar; but from Tagly to Egypt, or Cairo, which

lies northward on the left side of it, is a journey of forty days,

travelling continually by the bank of the Nile; while from Tagly to

Sawaken, which is on the sea coast (the Red Sea), is a distance of

thirty days only.”

N. B.—This is the last of the seven papers which, it appears,

were written in Captain Clapperton’s memorandum book, by order of

Sultan Bello, and are dated “the 5th of Sháában, 1242, A.H.;”

about the 3d of March, 1827, A. D.

A. V. S.

8. “The people of Nefé came originally from Kashná, and their

prince, Thoodyar, from Atághér. He first conquered the territory

of Beni, from the river called Bakoo to that which is named Kaduná;

then the territories of Booduor Boodi, and of Bassa or Boosa. He

thence embarked on the river Kowárá, and subdued the people on

its bank, called Abágha; after which he conquered the country of

Abbi (in which we now are[15]), and that of Kanbari, in conjunction

with the Prince of Yaouri. The river of these countries is called

Kantagoora. From Yaouri he proceeded to the great mountain, or

mountains, where Nefé, Beni, and Fatti-attu are: he then went to

the river Katha, or Kasha, and conquered the countries thereabouts;

which are, Ghoor-noofu, Koográ, Jemma, Doonfee, Taboo, and Aza,

or Azai. This prince was succeeded by Ithshab, whose successor was

Ithkootoo; and the whole number of princes who ruled over this kingdom

were thirteen. The rest of the eastern parts, as far as Katáná,

are in possession of a prince named Bakoo.

“About the right of Atághér the country called Nafry lies,

by the side of a river larger than that of Kowárá.

“The people of Beni are now extremely poor. They are submissive

to their princes, till and cultivate the lands of others, and pay

capitation tax. Sheep, goats, oxen, horses, and fowls, are scarce

in their country; and as to asses, there are none, except what

are imported from other countries. They have, however, plenty of

elephants.

“The river in the territory of Kowárá lies west, on the right

hand side; and that of Kaduná is in the centre; while the river

Bakoo, or Gakoo, is in the east.”

9. “The tribes who inhabit Noofee, it is said, were originally from

Beni; others say from Takra; and some assert that they came from the

middle of the river, perhaps an island. Their first town was Jemma;

but afterwards they inhabited Kafath or Kifath, Ayaki, Karkena,

and the eastern Kowárá, by a river called Matny. They had also

Kasoo or Kashoo, Zeer, the west of Malee or Moulee, Abyou, and Wádá.

“The river of Kowárá runs through mountains, and a great many

woods and forests; and has mountains on the north and the east. This

great river issues from the Mountain of the Moon; and what we know

of it is, that it comes from Sookan to Kiya, to Kabi, to Yaouri,

to Boossa, to Wá-wá, and to Noofee; but in that place there is

another river which springs from Zirmá, to Ghoober, to Zeffra,

to Kory or Koora, and then enters Noofee; its name is Kaduna. On

the north of it Kanbari lies; on the east is Kory; on the south are

Cankan and Kafath; and on the west is Bassoa, or Bashwa. About the

centre of it is the kingdom of Noofee, with that of Abyou.

“Noofee was once subject to the Felans; but when Edrees, a prince

of the Felans, ruled over it, and committed so many excesses as even

to violate its virgins, the people rose up against him, sword in

hand, and freed themselves; and thus they are now at war with the

Felans. Amongst them there are Mahomedans; but the greater part

are infidels, without either religion or law: they are drunkards

and oppressors; they neither pray, nor worship any god. They walk

with you during an hour as friends, while in the next they do not

hesitate to kill you. When one of them dies, they fasten the arms

across the chest, place the body in a sitting position in the grave,

and one of them lies by it, while another sits at the entrance. They

have a large and extensive cavern, in which they place their dead; but

those who guard this cavern, though they are something like priests,

are the most depraved persons. They sometimes send messengers to

call the relatives of the dead, enjoining them to bring with them

the best of every thing they have; and when these innocent people

arrive at the cavern, they are immediately plundered of what they

take there; and if they be females, their chastity is violated.

“This is the life and habits of these infidel Pagans; and

consequently the roads about Noofee are very dangerous and perilous.

“When their king dies, they enter his house, and live in it.”

N. B.—It is proper here to observe, that the above two papers,

Nos. 8 and 9, are written, or rather scrawled out, unorthographically

and ungrammatically, and their composition is no more than a sort

of _incoherent jargon_. The translation, therefore, I have given of

them is mostly made out by conjecture. There is no doubt, however,

that Clapperton, who made some residence among these people, has

given some further account of them.

A. S.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 11: This is a mistake: it should be the Tigris.—A. S.]

[Footnote 12: The inventor of this story had, there is no doubt,

meant it to be as a prophecy for the coming of Mahomed, and that

to show that _even_ the Christians themselves had foretold his

coming; for all these words which he puts into the mouth of these

Christians are the very result of Mahomed’s career, as recorded

by the Mahomedan historians.—A. S.]

[Footnote 13: See No. 4.]

[Footnote 14: Egypt was conquered by the Mahomedans in the 20th year

of Hegira, or the 10th after Mahomed’s death, under the Khalifat

of Omar Eben Elkattab, who, by the instigation of an intrepid officer

named Amrú Ben El-Aâss (who, under some very singular circumstances,

happened to visit Egypt and see its splendour a few years previous),

sent an army, consisting of no more than 4000 men, to subdue that

mighty and rich country. Amrú succeeded in his enterprise, and pushed

on his conquest to the Gharb; but Okbat Ben Amer’s name appears

only as a witness to the treaties concluded between the conqueror

and the people of Alexandria; though he was considered an officer

of rank and valour.—A. S.]

[Footnote 15: The writer of this account, it seems, was in Captain

Clapperton’s company, or attached to his service.—A. S.]

A VOCABULARY OF THE YOURRIBA TONGUE.

Fowl, Ade′a

Goat, Aoor′ey

Sheep, Agon′ta

Pig, Ale′day

Salt, Ee′yo

Corn, Agbad′doo

Millet, Ok′kablebba

Grass, Co′co

Beads, Le′key

Gold, Sic′ca

Coral, In′yoh

Silver, Patak′ka

Cloth, Atchio

Man, Okon′a

Woman, Obin′a

King, Ob′bah

Horse, Ep′pee

Saddle, Gar′ree

Bridle, Ja′noo

Pepper, Att′ah

Shallots, Allabous′sa

Yams, Ish′oo

Plantains, Ayid′dey

Fire, Jun′ah

Water, Om′mee

Wood, Ig′gie

A pot, Coc′co

A calabash, E′bah

Duck, Pap′ayeh

Soup, Ob′eh

House, Ill′eh

Mug, Tank′ara

Plate, A′wo

Knife, O′beh

Head, Or′ree

Eyes, Oj′oo

Nose, Em′oo

Mouth, En′oo

Teeth, E′hee

Ears, Eff′ee

Chin, Ebb′ee

Neck, Enaff′oo

Shoulders, Edgeookah

Arm, Epk′wa

Elbow, Ebah′wa

Wrist, Onawa′wa

Hand, A′wa

Thumb, Atang′pako

Fingers, Ama′wa

The body, Agwid′demoo′gu

Belly, Inn′oh

Thigh, E′tah

Knee, Okk′oo

Leg, Ajoo′goo

Ankle, Coco′sey

Foot, Atalis′sey

Toes, Amalis′sa

Boots, Sa′labattoo

Sandals, Battoo

Fan, Abab′bey

Cow, Mall′oo

Dog, Aj′ah

Cub, Aloghin′ne

Mouse, Acoo′fu

Tiger, Ek′ka

Hyena, Eco′co

Vulture, Awood′ec

Jacket, Kook′oomah

Trousers, Shock′ootoo

Turkey, Fu′lutu′loo

Elephant, Gen′acoo

Hippopotamus, En′emy

Cotton wool, O′woo

Palm oil, Ep′eh

Cocoa-nut, Ay′ba

Tornado, Oj′uma′ri

A mule, Barak′ka

A jackass, Kettékettéh

A mat, Enn′ee

A bag, Ok′key

A gun, E′bah

A cutlass, Jom′ma

Silk, Ce′dah

Damask Ala′ri

Scarlet cloth, Doh′do

Blue ditto, Iss′ado′doh

Green ditto, Alar′ooya′goo

Yellow ditto,

Tree, E′wajass′kway

Sun, O′noo

Moon, Ajoo′pa

Star, Era′wo

God, Ala′noo

Thunder, Ar′oo

Lightning, Mannumanu

Rain, Odigoo

Wind, Avoo′voo

Cap, Fill′ah

Hat, Atte′ Ebo

Hair, Olloo

Beard, Eg′bee

Skin, All′ah

Nail, Eff′eh

One, Ok′ka

Two, Ma′jee

Three, Mai′ta

Four, Me′ne

Five, Mall′oo

Six, Mai′ffa mai′fa

Seven, Ma′gee

Eight, Ma′jo

Nine, Mai′ssu

Ten, May′wah

Twenty, Ok′ko

Thirty, Agboug

Forty, Ogojee

Fifty, Adett′a

Sixty, Ogotta

Seventy, Ado′nee

Eighty, Ogonee

Ninety, Ado′noo

One hundred, Ogo′noo

Two hundred, Egbe′o

Three ditto, Oa′doo

Four ditto, In′ee

Five ditto, Edag′bett′a

Six ditto, Eg′bett′a

Seven ditto, Edag′be′ne

Eight ditto, Eg′be′ne

Nine ditto, Edegba′noo

One thousand Eggba′noo

Two ditto Ebah

Three ditto Egba′dagoo

Four ditto Egbagie

Five ditto Egbe′dogmoo

Six ditto Egbaa′ta

Seven ditto Edegbaa′nee

Eight ditto, Egba′nee

Nine ditto, Edegbaa′noo

Ten ditto, Ebaa′noo

FELLATAH.

One, Go

Two, Diddie

Three, Tattie

Four, Ni

Five, Jowie

Six, Jowego

Seven, Jowaddie

Eight, Jowatittie

Nine, Jowanie

Ten, Sapo

Eleven, Sapoago

Twelve, Sapodiddie

Thirteen, Sapoatittie

Fourteen, Sapoani

Fifteen, Sapoaji

Sixteen, Sapoajego

Seventeen, Sapoajaddide

Eighteen, Sapoajatittie

Nineteen, Sapoajanie

Twenty, Nogi

Twenty-one, Nogiago

Twenty-two, Nogiadiddie

Twenty-three, Nogiatittie

Twenty-four, Nogiani

Twenty-five, Nogiajowie

Twenty-six, Nogiajego

Twenty-seven, Nogiajadidde

Twenty-eight, Nogiajattitie

Twenty-nine, Nogiajanie

Thirty, Shapandatittie

Thirty-one, -------------- ago

Forty, Dabi

Fifty, Dabisapo

Sixty, Chapandijago

Seventy, Chapandajadidie

Eighty, Chapandagatittee

Ninety, Chapandajani

One hundred, Hemri

One hundred and one, Hemrigo

One hundred and two, Hemrididdie

One hundred and three, Hemritittie

One hundred and four, Hemrini

One hundred and five, Hemrijoie

Two hundred, Kamididdie

Three ditto, Kamitittie

Four ditto, Kamini

Five ditto, Kamijoie

One thousand, Koojuna

Two ditto, Koojunadiddie

Twenty ditto, Koojunaginogi

What is this? Konindadoom

Man, Gorko

Men, Worbaa

Woman, Debo

Women, Reuba

Boy, Beedo

Boys, Beepba

Girl, Surba

Girls, Surbaba

Horse, Putcha

Horses, Putche

Cow, Cows, Nagea.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE.

+-------+-------+-----+--------+------------------------------------+

+-------+-------+-----+--------+------------------------------------+

| 1825. | | | | BADAGRY. |

| | | | | |

|Dec. 2| 6 A.M.| 80°.|29°.813 | Calm and hazy. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 91 | .705 | South-west winds. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 91½ | .653 | |

| | | | | |

| 3| 6 A.M.| 78 | .912 | Cloudy and calm. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 92 | .631 | South, fine breezes. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 91 | .515 | |

| | | | | |

| 4| 6 A.M.| 77 | .854 | Calm. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 90 | .568 | South, fine breeze. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 90 | .532 | Moderate. |

| | | | | |

| 5| 6 A.M.| 79 | .786 | Thin showers. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | .623 | South-east, fine breezes. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 86 | .578 | Cloudy, thick weather. |

| | | | | |

| 6| 6 A.M.| 76 | .829 | } Thin rain, light breezes, |

| | | | | } and cloudy. |

| | Noon. | 90 | .524 | } |

| | | | | |

| 1826. | | | | CHIADO. |

| | | | | |

|Jan. 10| 3 P.M.| 89 | 28.700 |Hazy. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 85 | .700 |South south-west light air. |

| | | | | |

| 11| 6 A.M.| 75 | .750 |Calm and clear. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 82 | .750 |Same. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 90 | .695 |Light airs. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 94 | .675 |Ditto and clear. |

| | | | | |

| | 5 | 90 | .675 | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| 14| 6 P.M.| 89 | .800 |Calm. |

| | | | | |

| 15| 6 A.M.| 75 | |Strong breezes, east by north |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 90 | .709 | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| 20| 1 P.M.| 91 | .696 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 2 | 91 | | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 3 | 93 | .646 | } North north-east strong |

| | | | | } Harmattan. |

| | 4 | 92 | | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 5 | 84 | | } |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| 25| 6 A.M.| 83 | 28.640 | North north-west, clear. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89½ | .580 | Strong breeze, fine, north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 90 | .549 | East. |

| | | | | |

| 26| 6 A.M.| 70 | | Clear, light breezes, and cool. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 83 | .587 | Fresh breezes, north north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | .524 | Light ditto. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 90 | .519 | Mild ditto. |

| | | | | |

| 27| Noon. | 81 | .552 | Tube broke. |

| | | | | |

|Feb. 3| 6 A.M.| 74 | .560 | Dull and hazy. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 82 | .516 | |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 88 | .606 | |

| | | | | |

| 4| 6 A.M.| 79 | .510 | |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 89 | .510 | |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | .458 | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 77 | .458 | Thunder storm. |

| | | | | |

| 5| 6 A.M.| 77 | .510 | Cloudy, and strong breeze. |

| | | | | |

| 6| 6 | 77 | .458 | Fresh breeze and clear. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 89 | .558 | |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 91 | .500 | Moderate breezes. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 91½ | .488 | Calm and clear. |

| | | | | |

| 7| 6 A.M.| 78 | .500 | Fresh breeze during the night. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 88 | .555 | Moderate, north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 94 | .517 | Calm. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 91 | .480 | Light airs. |

| | | | | |

| 8| 6 A.M.| 75 | .552 | Light airs and hazy. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 84 | .611 | Ditto and flying clouds. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | .568 | Mild, east-north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 90 | .484 | |

| | | | | |

| 9| 6 A.M.| 72 | .497 | Fresh breeze, clear and cool, |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 87 | .521 | West-north-west. |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 89 | .449 | Calm. |

| | | | | |

| 10| 6 A.M.| 76 | .524 | Moderate and clear. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 82 | .568 | West-north-west, flying clouds. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 92 | .515 | Light airs, east-north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 88 | .475 | |

| | | | | |

| 11| 6 A.M.| 75 | .535 | Light breezes and clear. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 85 | .543 | |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 90 | .472 | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 93 | .455 | Calm. |

| | | | | |

| 12| 6 A.M.| 76 | .506 | Fresh breezes, north-west. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 86 | .544 | Light airs. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 92 | .509 | Squally, north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 94 | .420 | Fresh breeze. |

| | | | | |

| 13| 6 A.M.| 78 | .472 | Strong breeze and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 86 | .540 | Moderate and cloudy, north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 97 | .475 | Light airs and clear. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 94 | .435 | Ditto and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| 14| 6 A.M.| 80 | .505 | Strong breeze and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 84 | .550 | Moderate breeze. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 91 | .504 | Light airs. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 94½ | .440 | } Cloudy—midnight, fresh breeze |

| | | | | } and cloudy. |

| 15| 6 A.M.| 75 | .537 | } |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 84 | .591 | Clear and moderate. |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 91 | .539 | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 91½ | .420 | |

| | | | | |

| 16| 6 A.M.| 80 | .590 | } Harmattan from north-east |

| | | | | } all day. |

| | 3 P.M.| 91 | .537 | } |

| | | | | |

| 17| 6 A.M.| 74 | .612 | Strong ditto from north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 83 | .696 | |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | .628 | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 89¾ | .568 | |

| | | | | |

| 18| 6 A.M.| 75 | .600 | Harmattan from north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 84 | .708 | |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 89 | .635 | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M.| 92 | .515 | } |

| | | | | } |

| 19| 6 A.M.| 70 | .500 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | Noon. | 84 | .534 | } Strong Harmattan from |

| | | | | } north-east, with thick fog. |

| | 3 P.M.| 88 | .426 | } |

| | | | | } |

| 20| 6 A.M.| 70 | .510 | } |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 82 | .580 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | Noon. | 88 | .530 | } Harmattan continued. |

| | | | | } |

| | 3 P.M.| 88 | .475 | } |

| | | | | |

| 21| 6 A.M.| 70 | .568 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | Noon. | 80 | .602 | } The same. |

| | | | | } |

| | 3 P.M.| 89 | .572 | } |

| | | | | |

| 22| 6 A.M.| 70 | .520 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 9 | 80 | .580 | } |

| | | | | } The same. |

| | Noon. | 85 | .534 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 3 P.M.| 86 | .460 | } |

| | | | | |

| 23| 6 A.M.| 70 | .535 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 9 | 79 | .552 | } |

| | | | | } The same. |

| | Noon. | 84 | .520 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 3 P.M.| 86 | .482 | } |

| | | | | |

| 24| 6 A.M.| 69 | .545 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 9 | 78 | .571 | } The same. |

| | | | | } |

| | Noon. | 88 | .500 | } |

| | | | | |

| 25| 6 A.M.| 72 | .442 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 9 | 80 | .571 | } |

| | | | | } The same. |

| | Noon. | 88 | .510 | } |

| | | | | } |

| | 3 P.M.| 89 | .430 | } |

+-------+-------+-----+--------+------------------------------------+

AT VARIOUS PLACES ON THE ROUTE.

+---------+------------+------+----------+--------------------------+

+---------+------------+------+----------+--------------------------+

| 1826. | | | | |

| | | | | |

|March 14| Noon. | 94° |28°.420 |{ City of Kiama in Borgoo.|

| | | | |{ Fresh breezes and clear,|

| | 3 P.M. | 94 | .529 |{ wind north-east. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 91 | | |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 78 | .580 |Fresh breezes, wind |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 88 | .634 |Fresh breezes, with light |

| | | | | |

| 15| Noon. | 91 | .604 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 94 | .510 | |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 91 | .548 |Calm and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 74 | .586 |Calm, with light clouds. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 85 | .651 |Light breezes from the |

| | | | | |

| 16| Noon. | 91 | .610 |The same, with light |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 93 | .550 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 91 | .540 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 74 | .595 |Light airs and clear, |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 82 | .696 |Freshening breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| 17| Noon. | 89 | .625 |Moderate and hazy. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 91 | .575 |Hazy and sultry, with |

| | | | | |

|April 7| 8 A.M. | 86 | .411 |Village of Comie, in |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 89 | .377 |Fresh breezes from the |

| | | | | |

| |10 | 89½ | .400 |Cloudy, with fresh |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 93 | .375 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 90 | |Strong breezes, and dark |

| | | | | |

| | 5 | 89 | .300 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 79 | 29.320 |Dull cloudy weather, with |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 82 | .368 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| 8| Noon. | 90 | .375 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 99 | .320 |Clear, with light airs |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 93 | .280 |Calm and clear. |

| | | | | |

| |10 A.M. | 89 | 29.85 |Town of Tabra in Nyffé. |

| | | | | |

| 17| Noon. | 95 | .60 |The same, with light |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 98 | .45 |Moderate breezes. |

| | | | | |

| | 5 | 91 | 28.992 |Calm, with light clouds. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 74 | .967 |City of Tabra in Nyffé. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 86 | 29.80 |Light breezes, flying |

| | | | | |

| 18| Noon. | 96 | 28.920 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 97½ | .866 |Light airs, wind |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 95 | |Light breezes and clear, |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 80 | .943 |Dull and cloudy, with |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 88 | 29.11 |Fresh breezes, wind |

| | | | | |

| 19| Noon. | | | |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 97 | 28.953 |Moderate and clear. |

| | | | | |

|July 5| 4 P.M. | 80 | 27.862 |Light airs and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 73 | .986 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 78 | .942 |Light airs and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| 6| Noon. | 85 | .985 |The same, with light |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 85 | .940 |Light breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 84 | .952 |Light airs and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 75 | 28.011 |Dull and cloudy, with |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 77 | .067 |A little rain, with light |

| | | | | |

| 7| Noon. | 85 | .124 |Moderate, with thick |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | | 28. |The same, wind south-west.|

| | | | | |

| |10 A.M. | 79 | 27.917 |City of Zaria, the |

| | | | | |

| 12| Noon. | 81 | .888 |Light airs, with dull |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 83 | .858 |The same, wind south-west.|

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 81 | .785 |Cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 75 | 28.820 |Cloudy, with a fresh |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 77 | .820 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| 13| Noon. | 84 | .815 |Cloudy, with light dull |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 85 | .780 |Moderate breezes and |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 80 | .785 |Calm. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 75 | .805 |Fresh breezes and cloudy |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 77 | .842 |Fresh breezes, and dark |

| | | | | |

| 14| Noon. | 80 | .771 |Strong breezes and |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 82 | .751 |Thick cloudy weather. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 80 | .735 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| 17| 6 P.M. | 74 | 27.765 |A single observation |

| | | | | |

| 20|10 A.M. | 75 | .438 |Town of Baebaegie, |

| | | | | |

| | Noon. | 78 | .354 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 80 | .289 |Light airs and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 80 | .260 |Calm and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

|Aug. 9| 3 P.M. | 85½ | 28.252 |City of Kano. Fresh |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 81 | .237 |Moderate breezes and |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 76 | .269 |Light breezes with rain. |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 78½ | .269 |Fair; at 10 A.M. rain. |

| | | | | |

| 10| Noon. | 79 | .251 |Fresh breezes from the |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 79 | .199 |Fresh gales and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 78 | .191 |Moderate and cloudy. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 76 | .192 |Moderate and cloudy, wind |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 79½ | .234 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| 11| Noon. | 81 | .212 |Fresh gales, with flying |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 84 | .202 |Fresh gales and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 6 P.M. | 80 | .227 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 76 | .320 |Light airs, with light |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 79 | .371 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| 12| Noon. | 83 | .346 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 82½ | .305 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 81 | .280 |Light airs and light |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 78½ | .344 |Light breezes, cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 81 | .375 |Moderate and cloudy, with |

| | | | | |

| 13| Noon. | 76 | .318 |Heavy rain, thunder and |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 77 | .273 |Light winds and heavy |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 79 | .240 |Moderate breezes and |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 75 | .291 |Moderate and clear, with |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 79 | .368 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| 14| Noon. | 82½ | .311 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 86½ | .220 |Moderate and fine, wind |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 84 | .270 |Variable, with dark |

| | | | | |

| | 9 A.M. | 78 | .364 |Fresh breezes and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| 15| Noon. | 83 | .344 |Moderate breezes, with |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 85 | .270 |The same. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 86 | .246 |Light airs and fine. |

| | | | | |

| | 6 A.M. | 73 | .325 |Dull and cloudy, wind |

| | | | | |

| | 9 | 79 | .337 |Moderate and cloudy, |

| | | | | |

| 16| Noon. | 83½ | .329 |Fresh breezes and cloudy |

| | | | | |

| | 3 P.M. | 85 | .269 |Moderate, with a light |

| | | | | |

| | 6 | 83½ | .329 |Moderate breezes, with |

+---------+------------+------+----------+--------------------------+

HEIGHT OF THERMOMETER IN KANO, AS OBSERVED BY RICHARD LANDER,

AUGUST 25, 1826.

Aug. 6 A.M. Noon. 3 P.M.

25. Dull morning, 6 A.M.; 12 noon, clear; 3

P.M. clear 76° 84° 85°

26. A thunder storm and heavy rain; 12

noon, dull; 3 P.M. do. 75 79 79

27. 6 A.M. clear light air; 12 noon, clear;

3 P.M. clear 76 81 84

28. Clear at 6 A.M.; 12 noon, calm and

cloudy; 3 P.M. light airs 77 81 85

29. 6 A.M. heavy rain; 12 noon, clear and

calm; 3 P.M. clear and calm 73 82 83

30. 6 A.M. clear; 12 noon, a thunder storm

and heavy rain 72 79 79

31. Clear and cold; 12 noon, clear and cold 73 80 84

Sept.

1. Dull morning; 12 noon, dull; 3 P.M.

dull and cloudy 77 81 80

8. Dull morning; 12 noon, clear; 3 P.M.

clear 76 83 82

10. Dull morning; 12 noon, dull; 3 P.M.

heavy rain 77 80 79

11. Clear and calm 77 85 86

12. Clear and calm 80 85 86

13. Clear and light air 79 84 83

14. Clear and light air 77 86 85

15. Clear and light air 80 85 86

16. Clear and light air 75 85 86

17. Clear and light air 77 85 84

18. Clear until noon; 3 P.M. a thunder

storm and rain 79 86 83

19. Clear and calm 78 84 88

20. Clear and calm until 3 P.M. and light

air 78 84 87

21. Clear and calm 77 84 88

22. Clear and calm until 12 noon, light air 76 85 88

23. Clear, light air 79 90 90

24. Clear and calm; 12 noon, and light air 80 89 89

25. Clear and calm 79 86 88

26. Clear; 12 noon, light breezes 79 86 89

27. Clear, light air 79 86 89

28. Clear; 12 noon, light rain 80 86 90

29. Clear; 3 P.M. heavy rain 79 86 89

30. Dull and foggy; 3 P.M. heavy rain and

wind 79 85 87

Oct.

1. Heavy rain and a thunder storm 70 76 79

2. Clear and cold, light breezes 70 80 80

3. Clear and cold, light breezes 70 83 85

4. Clear, light air, and cold 71 84 84

5. Clear and light breezes 70 83 85

6. Clear and calm 80 88 88

7. Clear, light air 80 87 87

8. Clear and calm 75 89 89

9. Clear and light breezes 80 87 88

10. Clear and light breezes 75 88 88

11. Clear and calm 75 87 87

12. Clear and fine breezes 75 88 88

13. Clear, light air 76 89 89

14. Clear, light breezes 76 87 87

24. Clear and cold 75 86 86

25. Clear light breezes 75 83 87

26. Clear and cold, light air 75 84 83

27. Clear and cold, light air 75 87 86

28. Clear and cold, light breezes 75 85 85

29. Clear and light breezes 75 86 85

30. Clear; 12 at noon, light breeze from

east 75 84 85

31. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 76 85 86

Nov.

1. Clear and calm 76 84 85

2. Clear; 12 noon, light air 76 88 88

3. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 76 85 86

4. Dull and hazy 76 86 86

5. Clear; 12 noon, a light breeze 75 87 86

6. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 75 85 86

7. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 75 85 86

8. Clear at 8; 12 noon, hazy and light

breeze 75 85 86

9. Clear at 9; 12 noon, cloudy, and light

breeze 75 86 87

10. Clear at 8; 12, light breezes 75 88 88

11. Clear at 9; 12, light breezes 75 85 86

12. Clear at 8; 12, light breezes 77 86 87

13. Clear at 9; 12, light air 76 85 86

14. Clear; 12, light breezes 75 85 87

15. Clear; 12 at noon, a light breeze 75 86 86

16. Clear; 12, light breezes 76 84 85

17. Clear; 12 noon, a light breeze 77 85 87

18. Clear; 12 noon, a light air 76 86 86

19. Clear; 12 noon, a light breeze 76 85 85

20. Clear, strong breeze, wind east 75 85 85

21. Clear, light breezes 75 89 89

SOCKATOO, JANUARY 7, 1827.

Jan.

7. Strong breeze from east-north-east,

clear 70 90 92

8. Monday, 6 A.M. light breeze, hazy; 12

noon, wind east-north-east 70 90 92

9. 6 A.M. cold and clear, a strong wind

east-north-east; 12, clear, light air 65 89 90

10. 6 A.M. cold and hazy; 12, strong

breezes, clear, north-east wind; 3

P.M. clear 60 90 90

11. Cold and hazy; 12, a fine breeze, wind

north-east, clear, light breeze 60 89 90

12. 6 A.M. cold and hazy; 12, light breeze,

wind north-east, clear; 3 P.M. clear 64 86 85

13. Clear and cold, wind north-east; 12 at

noon, clear and cold; 3 P.M. clear 62 89 89

14. 6 A.M. hazy, calm; 12, strong breezes,

wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 62 88 88

15. Clear, cold, wind north-east; 12,

strong breezes; 3 P.M. clear 62 86 86

16. Clear and cold, wind north-east, strong

breeze, clear; 3 P.M. clear 60 80 80

17. Hazy calm; 12 noon, strong breeze and

clear, wind north-east 62 80 80

18. Thursday, clear and cold, wind

north-east; 12 noon, clear, strong

breeze, wind north-east 62 81 83

19. Clear and cold, a strong breeze from

north-east 65 84 86

20. Clear; 12 at noon, strong breeze, wind

east, 3 P.M. clear 64 88 89

21. Sunday, clear and calm; 12 noon, light

breeze, wind east; 3 P.M. clear 64 88 89

22. Morning hazy, a light air; 12 noon,

clear, light breeze, wind east 62 89 90

23. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and

clear, wind north-east 65 90 93

24. Wednesday, morning hazy, calm; 12 noon,

clear, fine breeze, east; 3 P.M. clear 72 96 98

25. Morning hazy, calm; 12 noon, clear, a

light breeze, wind east; 3 P.M. clear 70 96 98

26. Hazy, calm; 12 noon, clear, a light

breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 72 94 95

27. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light

breezes, clear, wind north-east; 3

P.M. clear 62 83 90

28. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light

breeze; 3 P.M. clear, wind east 65 93 96

29. Morning clear, a light air; 12 noon,

light breeze, clear, wind east; 3 P.M.

clear 75 99 100

30. Hazy and a light air; 12 noon, clear,

light breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M.

clear 74 98 99

31. Wednesday, clear; 12 noon, clear, light

breeze, wind south-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 98 99

Feb.

1. Thursday, morning hazy and calm; 12

noon, light breeze, wind south-east,

clear; 3 P.M. clear 75 98 100

2. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, a light

breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 99 100

3. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light

breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 97 99

4. Sunday, morning hazy and calm; 12 noon,

light breeze and clear, wind north-east 75 98 99

5. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light

breeze, clear, wind north-east 75 100 104

20. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light

breeze, clear, wind ditto 75 95 100

21. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and

clear, wind north-east 75 100 100

22. Thursday, morning hazy; 12 noon, light

breeze and clear, wind north-east 75 100 100

23. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and

clear, wind north-east 77 100 100

24. Saturday, morning hazy; 12 noon, light

breeze, clear, wind north-east 75 95 100

25. Morning hazy; 12 noon, a fine breeze,

wind north-east 75 100 100

26. Morning hazy, calm; 12 noon, light

breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 100 100

27. Tuesday, morning hazy, calm; 12 noon,

light breeze, clear, north-east wind 65 85 85

28. Strong gales, hazy; 12 noon, strong

gales; 3 P.M. strong gales, north-east

wind 65 85 85

During a whirlwind at 2 P.M. the

thermometer fell from 100½ to 98, and

at 3 P.M. rose to 101.

March.

1. Strong gales during the day, and hazy,

north-east wind 85 85 100

2. Strong gales and hazy during the day,

north-east wind 65 85 85

3. Strong gales and cloudy during the day,

north-east wind 65 85 85

4. Sundry light breezes during the day,

north-east wind 74 89 90

5. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze,

north-east 72 95 98

6. Calm and hazy; 12 noon, clear, east

wind; 3 P.M. hazy, light air 71 96 96

7. 6 A.M. hazy, calm; 12 noon, cloudy, a

light breeze, east wind; 3 P.M. cloudy 72 95 96

8. Hazy, calm; 12 noon, hazy, a light

breeze; 3 P.M. hazy, light air 70 96 95

9. Friday, 6 A.M. hazy, calm; 12 noon,

light breeze, clear, east wind 70 95 96

10. 6 A.M. hazy and calm; 12 noon, strong

breeze, clear; 3 P.M. clear 70 99 96

11. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, a light breeze,

clear; 3 P.M. clear, east wind 70 98 96

12. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, fine breeze and

clear, east wind 70 95 96

13. 6 A.M. strong breeze, south-by-east

wind; 12 noon, strong breezes,

south-by-east wind; 3 P.M. a fine

breeze 70 99 97

14. Hazy, light air; 12 noon, strong

breeze, south-by-east wind, clear 70 95 96

15. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, strong breezes,

south-by-east wind, clear; 3 P.M. clear 70 96 95

16. Light breeze and hazy; 12 noon, light

breeze and clear; 3 P.M. clear 70 100 98

17. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, a light breeze,

clear, east-north-east wind; 3 P.M.

clear 70 98 99

18. Sunday, calm and hazy; 12 noon, light

breeze and clear, east wind 70 100 100

19. 6 A.M. calm and clear; 12 noon, calm

and clear; 3 P.M. light wind 73 101 101

20. Calm and clear; 3 P.M. a light breeze,

west wind 71 102 102

21. Calm and clear until 3 P.M., a fine

breeze, west wind 75 102 103

22. 6 A.M. calm and clear; 12 noon, a

strong breeze, east wind 75 104 105

23. 6 A.M. calm and clear; 12 noon, light

breeze; 3 P.M. light breeze, clear 74 101 100

24. 6 A.M. calm and hazy; 12 noon, light

breeze, hazy; 3 P.M. light air, east

wind 74 100 100

25. Sunday, 6 A.M. calm and hazy; 12 noon,

hazy, light breeze, east wind 74 104 103

26. 6 A.M. a clear light breeze; 12 noon,

hazy, a light breeze, east wind; 3

P.M. a light breeze 74 101 100

27. 6 A.M. a light breeze; 12 noon, hazy, a

light breeze, east wind; 3 P.M. light

breeze 73 104 101

28. 6 A.M. light breeze; 12 noon, a light

breeze, clear, south-east wind; 3 P.M.

clear 72 100 100

29. 6 A.M. strong breeze, clear, south-east

wind; 12 noon, light air; 3 P.M. light

air 72 99 100

30. 6 A.M. hazy, a light air; 12 noon,

hazy, a light breeze, east wind; 3

P.M. a light air 72 101 100

31. 6 A.M. hazy, a light south-east wind;

12 noon, hazy, light south-east wind;

3 P.M. hazy, light air 57 106 105

April.

1. Sunday, sultry and hazy, calm; 12 noon,

sultry and hazy 74 101 102

2. Hazy during the day, light air 70 101 105

3. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze,

south-east wind, light air 74 103 107

4. Calm and hazy; 12 noon, light breeze,

south-west wind; 3 P.M. hazy, light

breeze 78 104 104

5. A dull hazy day, light breezes 78 110 108

6. Dull and hazy; 3 P.M. a light breeze

from west 77 100 100

7. Dull and hazy; 3 P.M. light breezes,

south-west wind 79 100 100

8. Sunday, dull and hazy, light air during

the day 77 102 103

9. Clear day and light breezes, south-west

wind 77 103 104

10. Tuesday, clear day and light breezes,

south-west wind 77 104 107

11. Clear, and light breezes from the

south-west 77 104 103

12. Clear morning, and light breezes 3 P.M. 77 104 104

14. Clear morning, calm; 12 noon, light

breezes, south-west wind 77 105 106

15. Clear morning, calm; 3 P.M. light

breezes, south-west wind, clear 80 105 106

16. 6 A.M. misty and calm; 12 noon, light

breezes, south-west wind; 3 P.M. light

breezes, south-west wind 79 106 106

17. 6 A.M. misty, west wind; 12 noon, light

air; 3 P.M. calm and misty 80 109 108

23. 6 A.M. clear morning, a fine breeze

from the west; 3 P.M. calm 76 105 106

24. Cloudy day, a fine breeze from the west 77 102 103

25. Cloudy and calm; 12 noon, a strong

breeze from the west; 3 P.M. calm and

clear; 6 P.M. a thunder storm 78 102 104

26. Clear and calm; 12 noon, light breeze

from the west, and clear; 3 P.M. calm

and misty 77 103 105

27. Clear and calm; 12 noon, light breeze

from the west; 3 P.M. clear 78 105 106

28. Clear morning, light air; 12 noon, a

fine breeze from the west; 3 P.M. fine

breeze 77 103 105

29. Sunday, morning clear and calm; 12

noon, cloudy, light breeze; 3 P.M. a

gale of wind, with thunder storm 76 100 90

30. Morning calm and clear; 12 noon, light

breeze from the west; 3 P.M. light

breezes and clear 78 100 100

May.

1. Tuesday, cloudy during the day, light

breeze from the west 77 100 102

THE END.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY THOMAS DAVISON, WHITEFRIARS.

Transcriber's note:

Moved table of Contents from: after Introduction to: after title-page

pg 10 Changed: yams, alavances to: calavances

pg 21 Changed: from W.N.W. to to E.S.E. to: W.N.W. to E.S.E.

pg 89 Changed: with th agreement to: the

pg 90 Changed: I mut go to Boussa to: must

pg 128 Changed: carrying my baggge to: baggage

pg 145 Changed: miradania, or butter tree to: micadania

pg 216 Changed: small millet or calavanees to: calavances

pg 222 Changed: Tauricks of the west to: Tuaricks

pg 235 Changed: old Ben Gusmo to: Gumso

pg 251 Changed: Taurick being hanged to: Tuarick

Minor changes in punctuation and fixes of typographical errors have

been done silently.

Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.

Journal of a second expedition into the interior of Africa, from the Bight of Benin to Soccatoo · 第 9 / 9 章

K. “The city of Timbuctoo, ten days’ journey from Jéri.”