TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES AND HORSES PASSING THROUGH CERTAIN
THOROUGHFARES WITHIN THE CITY OF LONDON, BETWEEN THE HOURS OF 8 A.M.
AND 8 P.M., UPON CERTAIN DAYS DURING THE YEAR 1850.
+---------------+----------------------+-------------------+
| | Hour ending |
| | 9 A.M. |
| +-------------------+
| | Vehicles |
| | drawn by |
| +-------------------+
Date. | Situation. |1 Horse and |
| | Equestrians. |
| | |2 Horses. |
| | | |3 Horses |
| | | |or more. |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
8th July, 1850.|Temple Bar Gate | 230| 61| 20 |A
9th „ „ |Holborn Hill, | | | |
| by St. Andrew’s | | | |
| Church | 250| 65| 12 |B
10th „ „ |Ludgate Hill, | | | |
| by Pilgrim-street | 268| 76| 17 |C
11th „ „ |Newgate-street, | | | |
| by Old Bailey | 250| 59| 11 |D
12th „ „ |Aldersgate-street, | | | |
| by Fann-street | 140| 20| 8 |E
13th „ „ |Cheapside, | | | |
| by Foster-lane | 345| 110| 18 |F
15th „ „ |Poultry, | | | |
| by Mansion House | 287| 103| 24 |G
16th „ „ |Finsbury Pavement, | | | |
| by South-place | 185| 63| 14 |H
17th „ „ |Cornhill, | | | |
| by Royal Exchange | 98| 56| 7 |I
| | | | |
18th „ „ |Threadneedle-street | 47| 47| 4 |J
19th „ „ |Gracechurch-street, | | | |
| by St. Peter’s-alley| 202| 50| 6 |K
20th „ „ |Lombard-street, | | | |
| by Birchin-lane | 121| 15| 1 |L
22nd „ „ |Bishopsgate Within, | | | |
| by Great St. Helen’s| 194| 58| 7 |M
| | | | |
23rd „ „ |London Bridge | 519| 139| 22 |N
24th „ „ |Bishopsgate-street | | | |
| With^t, | | | |
| by City bound^y | 148| 51| 4 |O
25th „ „ |Aldgate High-street, | | | |
| by ditto | 335| 68| 22 |P
26th „ „ |Leadenhall-st., | | | |
| rear of East India | | | |
| House | 193| 45| 13 |Q
27th „ „ |Eastcheap, | | | |
| by Philpot-lane | 274| 35| 26 |R
29th „ „ |Tower-street, | | | |
| by Mark-lane | 132| 22| 15 |S
30th „ „ |Lower Thames-street, | | | |
| by Botolph-lane | 79| 7| 2 |T
| | | | |
31st „ „ |Blackfriars Bridge | 268| 42| 17 |U
1st Aug. „ |Upper Thames-street, | | | |
| rear of Queen-street| 97| 28| 15 |V
| | | | |
2nd „ „ |Smithfield Bars | 180| 16| 7 |W
| | | | |
3rd „ „ |Fenchurch-street | 175| 20| 11 |X
| +----+----+---------+
| |5017|1256|6421 |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
+---------------+----------------------+-------------------+
| | Hour ending |
| | 10 A.M. |
| +-------------------+
| | Vehicles |
| | drawn by |
| +-------------------+
Date. | Situation. |1 Horse and |
| | Equestrians. |
| | |2 Horses. |
| | | |3 Horses |
| | | |or more. |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
8th July, 1850.|Temple Bar Gate | 292| 192| 42 |A
9th „ „ |Holborn Hill, | | | |
| by St. Andrew’s | | | |
| Church | 380| 166| 6 |B
10th „ „ |Ludgate Hill, | | | |
| by Pilgrim-street | 290| 170| 16 |C
11th „ „ |Newgate-street, | | | |
| by Old Bailey | 360| 155| 13 |D
12th „ „ |Aldersgate-street, | | | |
| by Fann-street | 198| 52| 11 |E
13th „ „ |Cheapside, | | | |
| by Foster-lane | 483| 301| 21 |F
15th „ „ |Poultry, | | | |
| by Mansion House | 437| 315| 10 |G
16th „ „ |Finsbury Pavement, | | | |
| by South-place | 252| 123| 10 |H
17th „ „ |Cornhill, | | | |
| by Royal Exchange | 172| 177| 15 |I
| | | | |
18th „ „ |Threadneedle-street | 67| 77| 1 |J
19th „ „ |Gracechurch-street, | | | |
| by St. Peter’s-alley| 200| 99| 23 |K
20th „ „ |Lombard-street, | | | |
| by Birchin-lane | 87| 28| 2 |L
22nd „ „ |Bishopsgate Within, | | | |
| by Great St. Helen’s| 253| 144| 11 |M
| | | | |
23rd „ „ |London Bridge | 744| 339| 45 |N
24th „ „ |Bishopsgate-street | | | |
| With^t, | | | |
| by City bound^y | 197| 121| 11 |O
25th „ „ |Aldgate High-street, | | | |
| by ditto | 291| 111| 20 |P
26th „ „ |Leadenhall-st., | | | |
| rear of East India | | | |
House | 272| 141| 16 |Q
27th „ „ |Eastcheap, | | | |
| by Philpot-lane | 293| 40| 13 |R
29th „ „ |Tower-street, | | | |
| by Mark-lane | 180| 37| 5 |S
30th „ „ |Lower Thames-street, | | | |
| by Botolph-lane | 117| 10| 3 |T
| | | | |
31st „ „ |Blackfriars Bridge | 280| 78| 23 |U
1st Aug. „ |Upper Thames-street, | | | |
| rear of Queen-street| 172| 43| 12 |V
| | | | |
2nd „ „ |Smithfield Bars | 206| 18| 6 |W
| | | | |
3rd „ „ |Fenchurch-street | 198| 60| 4 |X
+---------------+----------------------+----+--------------+
| |6421|2997| 339 |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
+---------------+----------------------+-------------------+
| | Hour ending |
| | 11 A.M. |
| +-------------------+
| | Vehicles |
| | drawn by |
| +-------------------+
Date. | Situation. |1 Horse and |
| | Equestrians. |
| | |2 Horses. |
| | | |3 Horses |
| | | |or more. |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
8th July, 1850.|Temple Bar Gate | 448| 235| 21 |A
9th „ „ |Holborn Hill, | | | |
| by St. Andrew’s | | | |
| Church | 480| 181| 9 |B
10th „ „ |Ludgate Hill, | | | |
| by Pilgrim-street | 454| 261| 13 |C
11th „ „ |Newgate-street, | | | |
| by Old Bailey | 433| 184| 11 |D
12th „ „ |Aldersgate-street, | | | |
| by Fann-street | 150| 44| 14 |E
13th „ „ |Cheapside, | | | |
| by Foster-lane | 703| 385| 36 |F
15th „ „ |Poultry, | | | |
| by Mansion House | 654| 398| 19 |G
16th „ „ |Finsbury Pavement, | | | |
| by South-place | 330| 138| 7 |H
17th „ „ |Cornhill, | | | |
| by Royal Exchange | 252| 210| 17 |I
| | | | |
18th „ „ |Threadneedle-street | 162| 97| 3 |J
19th „ „ |Gracechurch-street, | | | |
| by St. Peter’s-alley| 308| 113| 18 |K
20th „ „ |Lombard-street, | | | |
| by Birchin-lane | 140| 12| 4 |L
22nd „ „ |Bishopsgate Within, | | | |
| by Great St. Helen’s| 323| 164| 13 |M
| | | | |
23rd „ „ |London Bridge | 955| 334| 43 |N
24th „ „ |Bishopsgate-street | | | |
| With^t, | | | |
| by City bound^y | 310| 134| 3 |O
25th „ „ |Aldgate High-street, | | | |
| by ditto | 292| 115| 10 |P
26th „ „ |Leadenhall-st., | | | |
| rear of East India | | | |
| House | 388| 196| 11 |Q
27th „ „ |Eastcheap, | | | |
| by Philpot-lane | 340| 46| 12 |R
29th „ „ |Tower-street, | | | |
| by Mark-lane | 220| 32| 10 |S
30th „ „ |Lower Thames-street, | | | |
| by Botolph-lane | 153| 15| 7 |T
| | | | |
31st „ „ |Blackfriars Bridge | 409| 99| 10 |U
1st Aug. „ |Upper Thames-street, | | | |
| rear of Queen-street| 126| 28| 11 |V
| | | | |
2nd „ „ |Smithfield Bars | 180| 16| 6 |W
| | | | |
3rd „ „ |Fenchurch-street | 205| 41| 7 |X
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
| |8415|3478| 315 |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
+---------------+----------------------+-------------------+
| | Hour ending |
| | 12 A.M. |
| +-------------------+
| | Vehicles |
| | drawn by |
| +-------------------+
Date. | Situation. |1 Horse and |
| | Equestrians. |
| | |2 Horses. |
| | | |3 Horses |
| | | |or more. |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
8th July, 1850.|Temple Bar Gate | 505| 222| 30 |A
9th „ „ |Holborn Hill, | | | |
| by St. Andrew’s | | | |
| Church | 530| 154| 14 |B
10th „ „ |Ludgate Hill, | | | |
| by Pilgrim-street | 420| 210| 6 |C
11th „ „ |Newgate-street, | | | |
| by Old Bailey | 367| 137| 5 |D
12th „ „ |Aldersgate-street, | | | |
| by Fann-street | 147| 36| 13 |E
13th „ „ |Cheapside, | | | |
| by Foster-lane | 768| 390| 11 |F
15th „ „ |Poultry, | | | |
| by Mansion House | 690| 373| 17 |G
16th „ „ |Finsbury Pavement, | | | |
| by South-place | 250| 129| 8 |H
17th „ „ |Cornhill, | | | |
| by Royal Exchange | 270| 184| 7 |I
| | | | |
18th „ „ |Threadneedle-street | 160| 50 | 4 |J
19th „ „ |Gracechurch-street, | | | |
| by St. Peter’s-alley| 320| 175| 12 |K
20th „ „ |Lombard-street, | | | |
| by Birchin-lane | 174| 14| .. |L
22nd „ „ |Bishopsgate Within, | | | |
| by Great St. Helen’s| 277| 143| 10 |M
| | | | |
23rd „ „ |London Bridge | 820| 274| 30 |N
24th „ „ |Bishopsgate-street | | | |
| With^t, | | | |
| by City bound^y | 170| 109| 7 |O
25th „ „ |Aldgate High-street, | | | |
| by ditto | 287| 145| 10 |P
26th „ „ |Leadenhall-st., | | | |
| rear of East India | | | |
| House | 340| 150| 5 |Q
27th „ „ |Eastcheap, | | | |
| by Philpot-lane | 320| 34| 18 |R
29th „ „ |Tower-street, | | | |
| by Mark-lane | 220| 39| 12 |S
30th „ „ |Lower Thames-street, | | | |
| by Botolph-lane | 90| 7| 8 |T
| | | | |
31st „ „ |Blackfriars Bridge | 393| 89| 34 |U
1st Aug. „ |Upper Thames-street, | | | |
| rear of Queen-street| 160| 42| 21 |V
| | | | |
2nd „ „ |Smithfield Bars | 254| 14| 9 |W
| | | | |
3rd „ „ |Fenchurch-street | 298| 39| 6 |X
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
| |8230|3159| 297 |
+---------------+----------------------+----+----+---------+
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Hour | Hour | Hour | Hour |
| ending | ending | ending | ending |
| 1 P.M. | 2 P.M. | 3 P.M. | 4 P.M. |
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Vehicles | Vehicles | Vehicles | Vehicles |
| drawn by | drawn by | drawn by | drawn by |
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
|Horses and |Horses and |Horses and |Horses and |
| Equestrians. | Equestrians. | Equestrians. | Equestrians. |
| |2 Horses. | |2 Horses. | |2 Horses. | |2 Horses. |
| | |3 Horses| | |3 Horses| | |3 Horses| | |3 Horses|
| | |or more.| | |or more.| | |or more.| | |or more.|
+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+
A| 460| 218| 13 | 415| 230| 19 | 550| 231| 10 | 496| 237| 4 |
B| 453| 160| 10 | 435| 158| 13 | 373| 50| 12 | 270| 100| 7 |
C| 530| 256| 3 | 330| 180| 4 | 400| 221| 7 | 288| 242| 1 |
D| 390| 156| 9 | 377| 155| 5 | 390| 167| 7 | 525| 201| 12 |
E| 165| 40| 9 | 180| 49| 6 | 150| 32| 12 | 172| 40| 7 |
F| 680| 334| 6 | 664| 336| 9 | 665| 338| 4 | 730| 339| 7 |
G| 680| 358| 5 | 595| 337| 9 | 548| 321| 6 | 575| 330| 5 |
H| 243| 115| 6 | 223| 118| 4 | 184| 107| 2 | 215| 128| 4 |
I| 275| 208| 4 | 253| 180| 8 | 305| 185| 3 | 276| 172| 3 |
J| 160| 50| 1 | 120| 32| 2 | 164| 46| 2 | 157| 37| 1 |
K| 295| 87| 10 | 330| 81| 12 | 360| 93| 11 | 375| 123| 18 |
L| 160| 9| .. | 215| 15| 2 | 227| 9| 1 | 283| 20| 1 |
M| 260| 125| 11 | 164| 70| 4 | 320| 113| 6 | 287| 140| 5 |
N| 775| 296| 23 | 765| 255| 28 | 793| 284| 24 | 845| 305| 30 |
O| 191| 112| 4 | 243| 96| 3 | 285| 97| 8 | 231| 103| 1 |
P| 300| 135| 10 | 249| 123| 7 | 260| 112| 17 | 274| 122| 13 |
Q| 415| 168| 11 | 385| 171| 7 | 353| 158| 14 | 387| 172| 10 |
R| 340| 27| 11 | 300| 28| 15 | 310| 38| 20 | 345| 40| 8 |
S| 260| 26| 6 | 270| 39| 15 | 252| 34| 4 | 226| 26| 10 |
T| 83| 21| 1 | 100| 8| .. | 100| 15| 3 | 130| 13| 4 |
U |365| 78| 22 | 253| 65| 18 | 302| 73| 10 | 340| 66| 10 |
V| 160| 35| 10 | 120| 31| 9 | 125| 33| 6 | 160| 44| 9 |
W| 252| 18| 6 | 232| 19| 4 | 305| 20| 9 | 250| 11| 6 |
X| 240| 45| 8 | 223| 39| 7 | 220| 46| 6 | 267| 54| 6 |
+----+----+--------+-----+---+--------+----+---+---------+----+----+--------+
|8132|3077| 199 |7441|2815| 210 |7941|2923| 204 |8104|3065| 182 |
+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
| Hour | Hour | Hour | Hour
| ending | ending | ending | ending
| 5 P.M. | 6 P.M. | 7 P.M. | 8 P.M.
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
| Vehicles | Vehicles | Vehicles | Vehicles
| drawn by | drawn by | drawn by | drawn by
+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
|Horses and |Horses and |Horses and |Horses and
| Equestrians. | Equestrians. | Equestrians. | Equestrians.
| |2 Horses. | |2 Horses. | |2 Horses. | |2 Horses.
| | |3 Horses| | |3 Horses| | |3 Horse | | |3 Horse
| | |or more.| | |or more.| | |or more.| | |or more.
+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------
A| 470| 255| 13 | 435| 219| 17 | 329| 200| 8 | 405| 198| 11
B| 639| 251| 25 | 330| 111| 4 | 615| 209| 17 | 219| 92| 6
C| 375| 235| 9 | 360| 220| 4 | 330| 210| 3 | 214| 202| 4
D| 390| 177| 5 | 415| 142| 6 | 337| 126| 4 | 250| 136| 8
E| 187| 36| 12 | 185| 40| 8 | 175| 44| 10 | 141| 46| 11
F| 671| 427| 8 | 645| 303| 16 | 482| 319| 7 | 271| 212| 9
G| 565| 381| 10 | 505| 310| 10 | 455| 344| 3 | 292| 299| 4
H| 340| 135| 8 | 300| 159| 16 | 242| 142| 16 | 140| 101| 3
I| 255| 206| 7 | 242| 180| 8 | 177| 176| 1 | 186| 140| 1
J| 150| 45| 3 | 157| 45| 3 | 115| 30| 3 | 77| 31| ..
K| 302| 135| 24 | 310| 113| 13 | 253| 79| 6 | 250| 75| 6
L| 223| 20| .. | 180| 26| 3 | 115| 15| .. | 94| 12| ..
M| 380| 150| 11 | 320| 123| 7 | 270| 127| 7 | 222| 120| 3
N| 975| 336| 33 | 970| 305| 33 | 680| 264| 18 | 510| 258| 30
O| 309| 113| 8 | 305| 126| 8 | 203| 112| 8 | 177| 99| 3
P| 248| 141| 16 | 276| 110| 15 | 220| 100| 11 | 190| 96| 3
Q| 295| 166| 5 | 390| 183| 15 | 292| 139| 6 | 260| 152| 6
R| 340| 43| 15 | 280| 58| 11 | 230| 59| 5 | 109| 16| 3
S| 230| 39| 13 | 195| 34| 9 | 137| 25| 2 | 94| 16| 4
T| 143| 23| 2 | 100| 15| 6 | 52| 14| 3 | 40| 4| 2
U| 450| 103| 17 | 446| 87| 15 | 361| 89| 13 | 265| 66| 6
V| 185| 52| 16 | 241| 54| 17 | 139| 25| 12 | 71| 13| 9
W| 305| 17| 6 | 265| 20| 4 | 269| 10| 9 | 145| 14| ..
X| 300| 57| 7 |215| 36| 8 | 193| 53| 3 | 516| 28| 1
+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------
|8727|3543| 273 |8067|3019| 256 |6671|2911| 175 |5138|2426| 133
+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------+----+----+--------
TABLE SHOWING TOTALS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE PASSING PER HOUR
AND PER DAY OF 12 HOURS THROUGH CERTAIN STREETS WITHIN THE CITY OF
LONDON.
-------+--------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------+-------+
| | HOURS ENDING |Total |Average|
| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ of 12| per |
Date. | Situation. | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Hours| Hour. |
| |A. M.|A. M.|A. M.| Noon|P. M.|P. M.|P. M.|P. M.|P. M.|P. M.|P. M.|P. M.| | |
-------+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+
1850. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
July 8 |Temple Bar Gate | 311| 526| 704| 757| 691| 664| 791| 737| 738| 671| 537| 614| 7741| 645 |
„ 9 | Holborn-hill, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by St. And. Ch. | 327| 552| 670| 698| 623| 606| 535| 377| 915| 445| 841| 317| 6906| 575 |
„ 10 |Ludgate-hill, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Pilgrim-st. | 361| 476| 728| 636| 789| 514| 628| 531| 619| 584| 543| 420| 6829| 569 |
„ 11 |Newgate-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Old Bailey | 320| 528| 628| 509| 555| 537| 564| 738| 572| 563| 467| 394| 6375| 531 |
„ 12 |Aldersgate-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Fann-st. | 168| 261| 208| 196| 214| 235| 194| 219| 235| 233| 229| 198| 2590| 215 |
„ 13 |Cheapside, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Foster-lane | 473| 805| 1124| 1169| 1020| 1009| 1007| 1076| 1106| 964| 808| 492| 11053| 921 |
„ 15 |Poultry, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Mansion House | 414| 762| 1071| 1080| 1043| 941| 875| 910| 956| 825| 802| 595| 10274| 856 |
„ 16 |Finsbury-pave., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by South-pl | 262| 385| 475| 387| 364| 345| 293| 347| 483| 475| 400| 244| 4460| 371 |
„ 17 |Cornhill, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Roy. Exchange | 161| 364| 479| 461| 487| 441| 493| 451| 468| 430| 354| 327| 4916| 409 |
„ 18 |Threadneedle-street | 98| 145| 262| 214| 211| 154| 212| 195| 198| 205| 148| 108| 2150| 179 |
„ 19 |Gracech-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by St. Pet.-alley | 258| 322| 439| 507| 392| 423| 464| 516| 461| 436| 338| 331| 4887| 407 |
„ 20 |Lombard-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Birchin-la | 137| 117| 156| 188| 169| 232| 237| 304| 243| 209| 130| 106| 2228| 185 |
„ 22 |Bishopsg.-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Gt St. Hel. | 259| 408| 500| 430| 396| 238| 439| 432| 541| 450| 404| 345| 4842| 403 |
„ 23 |London Bridge | 680| 1128| 1332| 1124| 1094| 1048| 1101| 1180| 1344| 1308| 962| 798| 13099| 1091 |
„ 24 |Bishp.-st. out, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Cy. Bound | 203| 329| 447| 286| 307| 342| 390| 335| 430| 439| 323| 279| 4110| 342 |
„ 25 |Aldgate High-street,| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Cy. Bound | 425| 422| 417| 442| 445| 379| 389| 409| 405| 401| 331| 289| 4754| 396 |
„ 26 |Leadenhall-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| E. I. House | 251| 429| 595| 495| 594| 563| 525| 569| 466| 588| 437| 418| 5930| 494 |
„ 27 |Eastcheap, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Philpot-lane | 335| 346| 398| 372| 378| 343| 368| 393| 398| 349| 294| 128| 4102| 341 |
„ 29 |Tower-street, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Mark-lane | 169| 222| 262| 271| 292| 324| 290| 262| 282| 238| 164| 114| 2890| 240 |
„ 30 |L. Thames-st, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| by Botolph-la | 88| 130| 175| 105| 105| 108| 118| 147| 168| 121| 69| 46| 1380| 115 |
„ 31 |Blackfriars Bridge | 327| 381| 518| 516| 465| 336| 385| 416| 570| 548| 463| 337| 5262| 438 |
Aug. 1 |U. Thames-st., | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| rear of Qn.-st | 140| 227| 165| 223| 205| 160| 164| 213| 253| 312| 176| 93| 2331| 194 |
„ 2 | Smithfield Bars | 203| 230| 202| 277| 276| 255| 334| 267| 328| 289| 288| 159| 3108| 259 |
„ 3 | Fenchurch-street | 206| 262| 253| 343| 293| 269| 272| 327| 364| 259| 249| 545| 3642| 303 |
| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+
| 6576| 9757|12208|11686|11408|10466|11068|11351|12543|11342| 9757| 7697|125859| 10488 |
TABLE SHOWING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE PASSING
THROUGH CERTAIN STREETS WITHIN THE CITY OF LONDON, BETWEEN THE HOURS OF
8 A.M. AND 8 P.M. (12 HOURS.)
---------+----------------------+--------------------+------+------------------+-------
| | Total Number | | |
| | of Vehicles | | Average Number |
| | drawn by | | per Hour. |
| +-----+-----+--------+ Total+------------------+
Date. | Situation. |1 Horse and | of |1 Horse and |Average
| | Equestrians. | the | Equestrians. |of the
| | |2 Horses. |whole.| |2 Horses. |whole.
| | | |3 Horses| | | |3 Horses|
| | | |or more.| | | |or more.|
---------+----------------------------+-----+--------+------+----+----+--------+-------
8th July,| | | | | | | | |
1850. |Temple Bar Gate | 5035| 2498| 208 | 7741| 419| 206| 17 | 645
9th „ |Holborn Hill, | | | | | | | |
| by St. Andrew’s | | | | | | | |
| Church | 4974| 1797| 135 | 6906| 414| 149| 11 | 575
10th „ |Ludgate Hill, | | | | | | | |
| by Pilgrim-street | 4259| 2483| 87 | 6829| 354| 207| 7 | 569
11th „ |Newgate-street, | | | | | | | |
| by Old Bailey | 4484| 1795| 96 | 6375| 373| 149| 8 | 531
12th „ |Aldersgate-street, | | | | | | | |
| by Fann-street | 1990| 479| 121 | 2590| 165| 40| 10 | 215
13th „ |Cheapside, | | | | | | | |
| by Foster-lane | 7107| 3794| 152 | 11053| 592| 316| 12 | 921
15th „ |Poultry, | | | | | | | |
| by Mansion House | 6283| 3869| 122 | 10274| 523| 332| 10 | 856
16th „ |Finsbury Pavement, | | | | | | | |
| by South-place | 2904| 1458| 98 | 4460| 242| 121| 8 | 371
17th „ |Cornhill, | | | | | | | |
| by Royal Exchange | 2761| 2074| 81 | 4916| 230| 172| 7 | 409
18th „ |Threadneedle-street | 1536| 587| 27 | 2150| 128| 49| 2 | 179
19th „ |Gracechurch-st., | | | | | | | |
| by St. Peter’s-alley| 3505| 1223| 159 | 4887| 292| 102| 13 | 407
20th „ |Lombard-street, | | | | | | | |
| by Birchin-lane | 2019| 195| 14 | 2228| 168| 16| 1 | 185
22nd „ |Bishopsgate-st., | | | | | | | |
| by Great St. Helen’s| 3270| 1477| 95 | 4842| 272| 123| 8 | 403
23rd „ |London Bridge | 9351| 3389| 359 | 13099| 779| 282| 30 | 1091
24th „ |Bishopsgate-st., out, | | | | | | | |
| by City Boundy | 2769| 1273| 68 | 4110| 30| 106| 5 | 342
25th „ |Aldgate High-street, | | | | | | | |
| by City Boundy | 3222| 1378| 154 | 4754| 268| 114| 12 | 396
26th „ |Leadenhall-street, | | | | | | | |
| East India House | 3970| 1841| 119 | 5930| 330| 153| 10 | 494
27th „ |Eastcheap, | | | | | | | |
| by Philpot-lane | 3481| 464| 157 | 4102| 290| 38| 13 | 341
29th „ |Tower-street, | | | | | | | |
| by Mark-lane | 2416| 369| 105 | 2890| 201| 30| 8 | 240
30th „ |Lower Thames-st., | | | | | | | |
| by Botolph-lane | 1187| 152| 41 | 1380| 98| 12| 3 | 115
31st „ |Blackfriars Bridge | 4132| 935| 195 | 5262| 344| 78| 16 | 438
1st Aug.|Upper Thames-st., | | | | | | | |
| rear of Queen-st. | 1756| 428| 147 | 2331| 146| 35| 12 | 194
2nd „ |Smithfield Bars | 2843| 193| 72 | 3108| 237| 16| 6 | 259
3rd „ |Fenchurch-street | 3050| 518| 74 | 3642| 254| 43| 6 | 303
| +-----------+--------+------+----+-------------+-------
| |88304|34669| 2886 |125859|7358|2889| 240 |10488
The commodities whose residuum goes to swell the annual supply of
_rubbish_, are generally of an earthy nature. Such commodities as
are made of _fibrous_ or _textile_ materials, go, when “used up,”
chiefly to form manure if of an animal nature, and to be converted
into paper if of a vegetable origin. The refuse materials of our
woollen clothes, our old coats and trousers, are either torn to pieces
and re-manufactured into shoddy, or become the invigorators of our
hop and other plants; whereas those of our linen or cotton garments,
our old shirts and petticoats, form the materials of our books and
letters; while our old ropes, &c., are converted into either brown
paper or oakum. Those commodities, on the other hand, which are made
of _leathern_ materials, become, when worn out, the ingredients of the
prussiate of potash and other nitrogenised products manufactured by our
chemists. Our old _wooden_ commodities, again, are used principally to
kindle our fires; while the refuse of our fires themselves, whether the
soot which is deposited in the chimney above, or the ashes which fall
below, are employed mainly to increase the fertility of our land. Our
worn-out _metal_ commodities, on the other hand, are newly melted, and
go to form fresh commodities when the metals are of the scarcer kind,
as gold, silver, copper, brass, lead, and even iron; and when of the
more common kind, as is the case with old tin, and occasionally iron
vessels, they either become the ingredients in some of our chemical
manufactures, or else when formed of tin are cut up into smaller and
inferior commodities. Even the detritus of our _streets_ is used as
the soil of our market gardens. All this we have already seen, and
we have now to deal more particularly with the refuse of the
sole remaining materials, viz., those of an _earthy_ kind, and out
of which are made our bricks, our earthenware and porcelain, as well
as our glass, plaster, and stone commodities. What becomes of all
these materials when the articles made of them are no longer fit for
use? The old glass is, like the old metal, re-melted and made into
new commodities; some broken bottles are used for the tops of walls
as a protection against trespassers; and the old bricks, when sound,
are employed again for inferior brick-work; but what becomes of the
rest of the earthen materials--the unsound bricks or “bats,” the old
plaster and mortar, the refuse slates and tiles and chimney-pots, the
broken pans, and dishes, and other crocks--in a word, the potsherds
and pansherds[34], as the rubbish-carters call them--what is done with
these?
But rubbish, as we have seen, consists not only of refuse earthen
commodities, but of refuse earth itself: such as the soil removed
during excavations for the foundations of houses, for the cuttings of
railways, the levelling of roads, the formation of parks, the laying
down of pipes or drains, and the sinking of wells. For each and all
of these operations there is necessarily a certain quantity of soil
removed, and the question that naturally occurs to the mind is, what is
done with it?
There is, moreover, a third kind of rubbish, which, though having an
animal origin, consists chiefly of earthy matter, and that is the
shells of oysters, and other shell-fish. Whence go they, since these
shells are of a comparatively indestructible nature, and thousands of
such fish are consumed annually in the metropolis? What, the inquirer
asks, becomes of the refuse bony coverings of such fish?
Let us first, however, endeavour to estimate what quantity of each of
these three kinds of rubbish is annually produced in London, beginning
with the refuse earthen commodities.
There is no published account of the quantity of _crockeryware_
annually manufactured in this country. Mr. McCulloch tells us, “It
is estimated, that the _value_ of the various sorts of earthenware
produced at the potteries may amount to about 1,700,000_l._ or
1,800,000_l._ a year; and that the earthenware produced at Worcester,
Derby, and other parts of the country, may amount to about 850,000_l._
or more, making the whole value of the manufacture 2,550,000_l._ or
2,650,000_l._ a year.” What proportion of this quantity may fall to
the share of the metropolis, and what proportion of the whole may be
annually destroyed, I know of no means of judging. We must therefore go
some other way to work in order to arrive at the required information.
Now, it has been before shown, that the quantity of “dust,” or dry
refuse from houses, annually collected, amounts to 900,000 tons or
chaldrons yearly; and I find, on inquiry at the principal “yards,” that
the average quantity of Potsherds and broken crockery is at the rate
of about half a bushel to every load of dust, or say 1 per cent. out of
the entire quantity collected. At other yards, I find the proportion
of sherds to be about the same, so that we may fairly assume that the
gross quantity of broken earthenware produced in London is in round
numbers 9000 loads or tons per annum. The sherds run about 250 pieces
to the bushel, and assuming every five of such pieces to be the remains
of an entire article, there would be in each bushel the fragments of
fifty earthenware vessels; and thus the total quantity of crockeryware
destroyed yearly in the metropolis will amount to 18,000,000 vessels.
As to the quantity of _refuse bricks_, the number annually produced,
which is between 1,500,000,000 and 2,000,000,000, will give us no
knowledge of the quantity yearly converted into rubbish. In order to
arrive at this, we must ascertain the number of houses pulled down
in the course of the twelvemonth; and I find, by the Returns of the
Registrar-General, that the buildings removed between 1841 and 1851
have been as follows:--
DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF HOUSES THROUGHOUT LONDON BETWEEN 1841 AND
1851.
----------------------------+-----------+---------
| Total | Annual
|Decrease in| Average
| 10 Years. |Decrease.
----------------------------+-----------+---------
St. Martin’s | 116 | 11·6
St. James’s, Westminster | 130 | 13·0
St. Giles’s | 181 | 18·1
Strand | 389 | 38·9
Holborn | 86 | 8·6
East London | 11 | 1·1
West London | 265 | 26·5
London, City of | 592 | 59·2
Whitechapel | 2 | ·2
St. Saviour’s, Southwark | 46 | 4·6
St. Olave’s | 158 | 15·8
----------------------------+-----------+---------
Total | 1976 | 197·6
----------------------------+-----------+---------
Thus, then, we perceive that there have been, upon an average, very
nearly 200 houses annually pulled down in London within the last ten
years, and I find, on inquiry among those who are likely to be the
best-informed on such matters, that each house so pulled down will
yield from 40 to 50 loads of rubbish; so that, altogether, the quantity
of refuse bricks, slates, tiles, chimney-pots, &c., annually produced
in London must be no less than 8000 loads.
But the above estimate refers only to those houses which have been
pulled down and never rebuilt; so that, in order to arrive at the gross
quantity of this kind of rubbish yearly produced in the metropolis,
we must add to the preceding amount the quantity accruing from such
houses as are pulled down and built up again, or newly fronted and
repaired, which are by far the greater number. These, I find, may be
estimated at between 5 and 10 per cent. of the gross number of houses
in the metropolis. In some quarters (the older parts of London, for
instance,) the proportion is much higher, while in the suburbs, or
newer districts, it is scarcely half per cent. Each of the houses so
new-fronted or repaired may be said to yield, on an average, 10 loads
of rubbish, and, at this rate, the yearly quantity of refuse bricks,
mortar, &c., proceeding from such a source, will be 150,000 loads per
annum; so that the total amount of rubbish produced in London by the
demolition and reparation of houses would appear to be about 160,000
loads yearly.
The quantity of refuse _oyster shells_ may easily be found by the
number of oysters annually sold in Billingsgate-market. These, from
the returns which I obtained from the market salesmen, and printed
at p. 63 of the first volume of this work, appear to be, in round
numbers, 500,000,000; and, calculating that one-third of this quantity
is sent into the country, the total number of shells remaining in the
metropolis may be estimated at about 650,000,000. Reckoning, then, that
500 shells go to the bushel (the actual number was found experimentally
to be between 525 and 550), and consequently that 20,000 are contained
in every load, we may conclude that the gross quantity of refuse oyster
shells annually produced in London average somewhere about 30,000
loads. That this is an approximation to the true quantity there can be
little doubt, for, on inquiry at one of the largest dust-yards, I was
informed by the hill-man that the quantity of oyster-shells collected
with the refuse dust from houses in the vicinity of Shoreditch,
Whitechapel, and other localities at the east-end of the metropolis,
averages 6 bushels to the load of dust; about the west-end, however,
half a bushel or a bushel to each load is the average ratio; while
from the City there is none, the house “dust” there being free from
oyster-shells. In taking one district, however, with another, I am
assured that the average may be safely computed at 2 bushels of
oyster-shells to every 3 loads of dust; hence, as the gross amount of
house-dust is equal to 900,000 tons or loads per annum, the quantity of
refuse oyster-shells collected yearly by the dustmen may be taken at
15,000 loads. But, besides these, there is the quantity got rid of by
the costermongers, which seldom or never appear in the dust-bins. The
costers sell about 124,000,000 oysters per annum, and thus the extra
quantity of shells resulting from these means would be about 12,400
loads; so that the gross quantity of refuse oyster-shells actually
produced in London may be said to average between 25,000 and 30,000
loads per annum.
There still remains the quantity of _refuse earth_ to be calculated;
this may be estimated as follows:--
1. _Foundations of Houses._--Each house that is built requires the
ground to be excavated from two to three yards deep, the average area
of each being about nine yards square. This gives between 160 and 200
cubic yards of earth removed from the foundation of each house. A cubic
yard of earth is a load, so that there are between 160 and 200 loads of
earth displaced in the building of every new house.