William II. of the Two Sicilies (*, 1166-1189).
_King_ (surnamed _the great_), Abbas I. of Persia (1557, 1585-1628).
Alexander of Macedon (B.C. 356, 340-323).
Alfred of England (849, 871-901).
Alphonso III. of Asturias, etc. (848, 866-912).
Alphonso V., count of Savoy (1249, 1285-1323).
Boleslaus I. of Poland (*, 992-1025).
Canute of England (995, 1014-1035).
Casimir III. of Poland (1309, 1333-1370).
Charlemagne (742, 768-814).
Charles III., duke of Lorraine (1543, 1547-1608).
Charles Emmanuel I., duke of Savoy (1562, 1580-1630).
Constantine I., emperor of Rome (272, 306-337).
Cosmo de’ Medici, grand duke of Tuscany (1519, 1537-1574).
Ferdinand I. of Castile, etc., (*, 1034-1065).
Frederick II. of Prussia (1712, 1740-1786).
Frederick William, the Great Elector (1620, 1640-1688).
Gregory I., pope (544, 590-604).
Henri IV. of France (1553, 1589-1610).
Herod I. of the Jews (b.c. 73, 47-4).
Herod Agrippa I., the tetrarch (*, *-44).
Hiao-wen-tee of China (B.C. 206, 179-157).
John II. of Portugal (1455, 1481-1495).
Justinian I., emperor of the East (483, 527-565).
Khosrou or Chosroës I. of Persia (*, 531-579).
Leo I., pope (390, 440-461).
Louis XIV. of France (1638, 1643-1715).
Ludwig of Hungary (1326, 1342-1381).
Mahomet II. of Turkey (1430, 1451-1481).
Matteo Visconti, lord of Milan (1250, 1295-1322).
Maximilian, duke of Bavaria (1573-1651).
Napoleon I. of France (1769, 1804-1814, died 1821).
Nicholas I., pope (*, 858-867).
Otto I. of Germany (912, 936-973).
Pedro III. of Aragon (1239, 1276-1285).
Peter I. of Russia (1672, 1689-1725).
Sapor II. of Persia (310, 308-380).
Sigismund I. of Poland (1466, 1506-1548).
Theoderic of the Ostrogoths (454, 475-526).
Theodosius I., emperor (346, 378-395).
Vladimir, grand-duke of Russia (*, 973-1014).
Waldemar I. of Denmark (1131, 1157-1181).
_King_ (surnamed _the Illustrious_), Albert V., emperor of Austria
(1398, 1404-1439).
Jam-schid of Persia (B.C. 840-800).
Kien-lông of China (1736-1796).
Nicomedês II., _Epiphanes_, of Bithynia (*, 149-191).
Ptolemy V., _Epiphanes_, of Egypt (B.C. 210, 205-181).
_King_ (surnamed _the Infant_), Ludwig IV. of Germany (893, 900-911).
Otto III. of Germany (980, 983-1002).
_King_ (surnamed _Ironside_), Edmund II. of England (989, 1016-1017).
Frederick II., elector of Brandenburg was called “Iron Tooth” (1657,
1688-1713).
Nicholas of Russia was called “The Iron Emperor” (1796, 1826-1852).
_King_ (surnamed _the Just_), Baharam of Persia (276-296).
Casimir II. of Poland (1117, 1177-1194).
Ferdinand I. of Aragon (1373, 1412-1416).
Haroun-al-Raschid (765, 786-808).
James II. of Aragon (1261, 1285-1327).
Khosrou or Chosroës I. of Persia (*, 531-579).
Louis XIII. of France (1601, 1610-1643).
Pedro I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).
_King_ (surnamed _the Lame_), Agesilaös of Sparta (B.C. 444, 398-360).
Albert II. of Austria (1289, 1330-1358), duke of Austria.
Charles II. of Naples (1248, 1289-1309).
Heinrich II. of Germany (972, 1002-1024).
_King_ (surnamed _the Lion_), Alep Arslan (_the Valiant Lion_), son of
Togrul Beg, the Perso-Turkish monarch (*, 1063-1072).
Arioch, called “The Lion King of Assyria” (B.C. 1927-1897).
Damelowiez, prince of Haliez, who founded Lemburg (“the lion city” in
1259.)
Gustavus Adolphus, called “The Lion of the North” (1594, 1611-1632).
Heinrich, duke of Bavaria and Saxony (1129-1195).
Louis VIII. of France (1187, 1223-1226).
Richard I. of England, _Cœur de Lion_ (1157, 1189-1199).
William of Scotland; so called because he chose for his cognizance _a
red lion rampant_ (*, 1165-1214).
_King_ (surnamed _the Little_), Charles III. of Naples (1345,
1381-1386).
_King_, (surnamed _the Long-legged_), Edward I., _Longshanks_, of
England (1239, 1272-1307).
Philippe V., _le Long_, of France (1294, 1317-1322).
_King_ (surnamed _the Magnanimous_), Alphonso V. of Aragon and Naples
(1385, 1416-1458).
Khosrou or Chosroës of Persia, _Noushirwan_ (*, 531-579).
_King_ (surnamed _the Magnificent_), Soliman I., sultan (1493,
1520-1566).
_King_ (surnamed _the Martyr_), Charles I. of England (1600, 1625-1649).
Edward _the Martyr_, of England (961, 975-979).
Louis XVI. of France (1754, 1774-1793).
Martin I., pope (*, 649-655).
_King_ (surnamed _the Minion_), Henri III. of France (1551, 1574-1589).
_King_ (surnamed _the Noble_), Alphonso VIII., of Leon and Castile
(1155, 1158-1214).
Charles III. of Navarre (*, 1387-1425).
Soliman, called _Tchelibi_, Turkish prince at Adrianople (died 1410).
_King_ (surnamed _the Pacific_), Amadeus VIII., count of Savoy (1383,
1391-1449).
Frederick III. of Germany (1415, 1440-1493).
Olaus III. of Norway (*, 1030-1093).
_King_ (surnamed _the Patient_), Albert IV., duke of Austria (1377,
1395-1404).
_King_ (surnamed _the Philosopher_), Frederick the Great, called “The
Philosopher of Sans Souci” (1712, 1740-1786).
Leo VI., emperor of the East (866, 886-911).
Marcus Aurelius Antonīnus of Rome (121, 161-180).
_King_ (surnamed _the Pious_), Edward VI. of England (1537, 1547-1553).
Eric IX. of Sweden (*, 1155-1161).
Ernst I., founder of the house of Gotha (1601-1674).
Robert, _le Pieux_, of France (971, 996-1031).
_King_, (surnamed _the Prodigal_), Albert VI. of Austria (1418,
1439-1463).
_King_, (surnamed _the Rash_), Charles, _le Temeraire_, of Burgundy
(1433, 1467-1477), duke.
_King_ (surnamed _the Red_), Amadeus VII., count of Savoy (1360,
1383-1391).
Otto II. of Germany (955, 973-983).
William II., _Rufus_, of England (1057, 1087-1100).
_King_ (surnamed _Red Beard_), Frederick I., kaiser of Germany, called
_Barbarossa_ (1121, 1152-1190).
Horush or Horuc, sultan of Algiers (1474, 1516-1518).
Khair Eddin, sultan of Algiers (*, 1518-1546).
_King_ (surnamed _the Saint_), Boniface I., pope (*, 418-422).
Boniface IV., pope (*, 607-615).
Celestine I., pope (*, 422-432).
Celestine V., pope (1215, 1294-1296).
Charles the Good, count of Flanders (*, 1119-1127).
David of Scotland (*, 1124-1153).
Eric IX. of Sweden (*, 1155-1160).
Ethelred I. of Wessex (*, 866-871).
Eugenius I., pope (*, 654-657).
Felix I., pope (*, 269-274).
Ferdinand III. of Castile and Leon (1200, 1217-1252).
Heinrich II. of Germany (972, 1002-1024).
Julius I., pope (*, 337-352).
Kâng-he of China (*, 1661-1722).
Ladislaus I. of Hungary (1041, 1077-1095).
Leo IX., pope (1002, 1049-1054).
Louis IX., of France (1215, 1226-1270).
Martin I., pope (*, 649-655).
Olaus II. of Norway (992, 1000-1030).
Stephen I. of Hungary (979, 997-1038).
_King_ (surnamed _the Salic_), Conrad II. of Germany (*, 1024-1039).
_King_ (surnamed _the Severe_), Peter I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).
_King_ (surnamed _the Silent_), Anastasius I., emperor of the East (430,
491-518).
William I., Stadtholder (1533, 1544-1584).
_King_ (surnamed _the Simple_), Charles III. of France (879, 893-929).
_King_ (surnamed _the Stammerer_), Louis II., _le Bégue_, of France
(846, 877-879).
Michael II., emperor of the East (*, 820-829).
_King_ (surnamed _the Terrible_), Ivan II. of Russia (1529, 1533-1584).
_King_ (surnamed _the Thunderbolt_). Ptolemy, king of Macedon, eldest
son of Ptolemy Sotêr I., was so called from his great impetuosity
(B.C.*, 285-279).
_King_ (surnamed _the Thunderer_), Stephen II. of Hungary (1100,
1114-1131).
_King_ (surnamed _the Unready_), Ethelred II. of England (*, 978-1016).
Unready, in this case, does not mean unprepared, but unwise, lacking
_rede_ (“wisdom or counsel”).
_King_ (surnamed _the Valiant_), John IV., duke of Brittany (1338,
1364-1399).
_King_ (surnamed _the Victorious_), Charles VII. of France (1403,
1422-1461).
_King_ (surnamed _the Well-beloved),_ Charles VI. of France (1368,
1380-1422).
Louis XV. of France (1710, 1715-1774).
_King_ (surnamed _the Wise_), Albert II., duke of Austria (1289,
1330-1358).
Alphonso X. of Leon and Castile (1203, 1252-1284).
Charles V. of France, _le Sage_ (1337, 1364-1380).
Che-tsou of China (*, 1278-1295).
Frederick, elector of Saxony (1463, 1544-1554).
James I., _Solomon_, of England (1566, 1603-1625).
John V., duke of Brittany (1389, 1399-1442).
_King_ (surnamed _the Wonder of the World_), Frederick II. of Germany
(1194, 1215-1250).
Otto III. of Germany (980, 983-1002).
_King_ (surnamed _the Young_), Dagobert II. of France (652, 656-679).
Leo II., pope (470, 474-474).
Louis VII., _le Jeune_, of France (1120, 1137-1180).
Ludwig II. of Germany (822, 855-875).
Romanus II., emperor of the East (939, 959-963).
=King Franco´ni=, Joachim Murat; so called because his dress was so
exceedingly showy that he reminded one of the fine dresses of Franconi,
the mountebank (1767-1815).
=King Log=, a _roi fainéant_, an allusion to Æsop’s fable of the _Frogs
asking for a King_. Jupiter threw a log into the pond for their first
king, and a stork for their second. The one was too passive, the other
was a “devourer of his people.”
=King Maker= (_The_), Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, who fell in the
battle of Barnet (1420-1471). So called, because when he espoused the
Yorkists, Edward IV. was set up king; and when he espoused the
Lancastrian side, Henry VI. was restored.
Thus fortune to his end the mighty Warwick brings,
This puissant setter-up and plucker-down of kings.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxii. (1622).
=King Pétaud=, a king whose subjects are all his equals. _The court of
King Pétaud_ is a board where no one pays any attention to the chairman;
a meeting of all talkers and no hearers. The king of the beggars is
called King Pétaud, from the Latin, _peto_, “I beg.”
=King Stork=, a tyrant who devours his subjects and makes them
submissive from fear. The allusion is to Æsop’s fable of the _Frogs
asking for a King_. Jupiter first sent them a log, but they despised the
passive thing; he then sent them a stork, who devoured them.
=King and the Locusts.= A king made a proclamation that, if any man
would tell him a story which should last forever, he would make him his
heir and son-in-law; but if anyone undertook to do so and failed, he
should lose his head. After many failures, came one, and said: “A
certain king seized all the corn of his kingdom, and stored it in a huge
granary; but a swarm of locusts came, and a small cranny was descried,
through which one locust could contrive to creep. So one locust went in,
and carried off one grain of corn; and then another locust went in, and
carried off another grain of corn; and then another locust went in,”
etc.; and so the man went on, day after day, and week after week, “and
so another locust went in, and carried off another grain of corn.” A
month passed; a year passed. In six months more, the king said, “How
much longer will the locusts be?” “Oh, your majesty,” said the
story-teller, “they have cleared at present only a cubit, and there are
many thousand cubits in the granary.” “Man, man!” cried the king; “you
will drive me mad. Take my daughter, take my kingdom, take everything I
have: only let me hear no more of these intolerable locusts!”—_Letters
from an Officer in India_ (edited by the Rev. S. A. Pears).
=King and the Beggar.= It is said that King Copethua or Cophetua of
Africa fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. The girl’s name
was Penel´ophon; called by Shakespeare Zenel´ophon (_Love’s Labor’s
Lost_, act iv. sc. 1, 1594).
=King and the Cobbler.= The interview between Henry VIII. and a merry
London cobbler, is the subject of one of the many popular tales in which
Bluff Hal is represented as visiting an humble subject in disguise.
=King of Bark=, Christopher III. of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. So
called because, in a time of scarcity, he had the bark of birchwood
mixed with meal for food (died 1448).
=King of Bath=, Beau Nash, who was for fifteen years master of the
ceremonies of the bath-rooms in that city, and conducted the balls with
great splendor and judgment (1674-1761.)
=King of England.= This title was first assumed by Egbert in 828.
=King of Exeter ’Change=, Thomas Clark, friend of the famous Abraham
Newland (1737-1817).
=King of France.= This title was first assumed by Louis VII. (1171). It
was changed into “King of the French” by the National Assembly in 1789.
Louis XVIII. resumed the title “king of France” in 1814; and Louis
Phillipe again resumed the more Republican title “king of the French”
(1830).
_King of France._ Edward III. of England assumed the title in 1337; but
in 1801 it was relinquished by proclamation (time, George III.).
=King of Ireland.= This title was first assumed by Henry VIII. in 1542.
The title previously assumed by the kings of England was “lord of
Ireland.”
=King of Painters=, a title assumed by Parrhasĭos. Plutarch says he wore
a purple robe and a golden crown (fl. B. C. 400).
=King of Preachers=, Louis Bourdaloue, a French clergyman (1632-1704).
=King of Rome=, a title conferred by Napoleon I. on his son the very day
he was born; but he was generally called the duke of Reichstadt.
It is thought that this title was given in imitation of Charlemagne. If
so, it was a blunder; Charlemagne was never “_king_ of Rome,” but he was
“patrician of Rome.” In the German empire, the heir-apparent was “king
of the Romans,” not “king of Rome.” This latter title was expressly
conferred on the German kings, and sometimes on their heirs, by a
coronation at Milan. The German title equivalent to “dauphin,” or
“prince of Wales,” was “king of the Romans.”
=King of Ships=, Carausius, who assumed the purple in A. D. 287, and,
seizing on Britain, defeated the emperor Maximian Herculius in several
naval engagements (250, 287-293).
=King of Yvetot= [_Ev-to_], a king of name only; a mockery king; one who
assumes mighty honors without the wherewithal to support them. Yvetot,
near Rouen, was a seigneurie, on the possessor of which Clotaire I.
conferred the title of king in 534, and the title continued till the
fourteenth century.
Il était un roi d’Yvetot,
Peu connu dans l’histoire;
Se levant tard, se couchant tôt,
Dormant fort bien sans gloire.
Béranger.
=King of the Beggars=, Bampfylde Moore Carew (1693-1770). He succeeded
Claus Patch, who died 1730, and was therefore king of the beggars for
forty years (1730-1770).
=King of the World=, the Roman emperor.
=King Sat on the Rocky Brow= (=_A_=). The reference is to Xerxes viewing
the battle of Salmis from one of the declivities of mount Ægăl´ĕos.
A king sat on the rocky brow
Which looks o’er sea-born Salamis;
And ships by thousands, lay below.
Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. (“The Isles of Greece,” 1820).
(“Ships by thousands” is a gross exaggeration. The original fleet was
only 1,200 sail, and 400 were wrecked off the coast of Sêpias before the
sea-fight of Salamis commenced, thus reducing the number to 800 at
most).
=Kings should Die Standing= (_A_), Vespasian said so, and Louis XVIII.
of France repeated the same conceit. Both died standing.
=King’s Cave= (_The_), opposite to Campbeltown (Argyllshire); so called
because King Robert Bruce, with his retinue, lodged in it.—_Statistical
Account of Scotland_, v. 167.
=Kings.= Many lines of kings have taken the name of some famous
forefather or some founder of a dynasty as a titular name.—See Selden,
_Titles of Honor_, v.
Alban kings, called _Silvius_.
Amalekite kings, _Agag_.
Bithynian kings, _Nicomēdés_.
Constantinopolitan kings, _Constantine_.
Egyptian kings, (ancient), _Pharaoh_.
” ” (mediæval), _Ptolemy_.
Indian kings, called _Palibothrie_ (from the City of Palibothra).
Parthian kings, _Ar´săcês_.
Roman emperors, _Cæsar_.
Servian kings, _Lazar_, _i.e._ Eleazar Bulk or _Bulk-ogar_, sons of
Bulk.
Upsala kings, called _Drott_.
_Royal patronymics._—Athenian, Cecrop´idæ, from _Cecrops_.
Danish, Skiold-ungs, from _Skiold_.
Persian, Achmen´-idæ, from _Achmenês_.
Thessalian, Aleva-dæ, from _Alevas_; etc., etc.
=Kings of Cologne= (_The Three_), the three Magi who came from the East
to offer gifts to the infant Jesus. Their names are Melchior, Gaspar,
and Belthazar. The first offered _gold_, symbolic of kingship; the
second, _frankincense_, symbolic of divinity; the third, _myrrh_,
symbolic of death, myrrh being used in embalming the dead. (See
COLOGNE).
=Kings of England.= Since the Conquest, not more than three successive
sovereigns have reigned without a crisis:
William I, William II., Henry I.
Stephen, usurper.
Henry II., Richard I., John.
The pope gives the crown to the dauphin.
Henry III., Edward I., Edward II.
Edward II. murdered.
Edward III., Richard II.
Richard II. deposed.
Henry IV., V., VI.
Lancaster changed to York.
Edward IV., V., Richard III.
Dynasty changed.
Henry VII., VIII., Edward VI.
Lady Jane Grey.
Mary, Elizabeth.
Dynasty changed.
James I., Charles I.
Charles I. beheaded.
Charles II., James II.
James II. dethroned.
William III., Anne.
Dynasty changed.
George I., II., III.
Regency.
George IV., William IV., Victoria (indirect successions).
_Kings of England._ Except in one instance (that of John), we have never
had a _great-grandchild_ sovereign in direct descent. The exception is
not creditable, for in John’s reign the kingdom was given away twice;
his son, Henry III., was imprisoned by Leicester; and his
great-grandson, Edward II., was murdered. In two other instances a
_grand-child_ has succeeded, viz., Henry VI., whose reign was a
continued civil war; and Edward VI., the sickly son of Jane Seymour.
Stephen was a grandchild of William I., but a usurper; Richard II. was a
grandchild of Edward III., and George III. was a grandson of George II.;
but their fathers did not succeed to the throne.
William I.; his sons, William II., Henry I.
Stephen (a usurper).
Henry II.; his sons, Richard I., John (discrowned).
From John, in regular succession, we have Henry III. (imprisoned),
Edward I., Edward II. (murdered), Edward III.
Richard II., son of the Black Prince, and without offspring.
Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI., (civil wars).
Edward IV., Edward V.
Richard III. (no offspring).
Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.
Mary, Elizabeth (daughters of Henry VIII.).
James I., Charles I.
Cromwell (called lord protector).
Charles II., James II. (two brothers).
William III.
Anne.
George I., George II.
George III. (great-grandson of George I., but not in direct descent),
George IV.
William IV. (brother of George IV.).
Victoria (the niece of William IV. and George IV.).
_Kings of England._ Three seems to be a kind of ruling number in our
English sovereigns. Besides the coincidences mentioned above, connected
with the number, may be added the following:—(1) That of the four kings
who married French princesses, three of them suffered violent deaths,
viz., Edward II., Richard II., and Charles I. (2) The three longest
reigns have been three threes, viz., Henry III., Edward III., and George
III. (3) We have no instance, as in France, of three brothers succeeding
each other.
=Kings of France.= The French have been singularly unfortunate in their
choice of royal surnames, when designed to express anything except some
personal quality, as _handsome_, _fat_, of which we cannot judge the
truth. Thus, Louis VIII., a very feeble man in mind and body, was
surnamed _the Lion_; Philippe II., whose whole conduct was overreaching
and selfish, was _the Magnanimous_; Philippe III., the tool of Labrosse,
was _the Daring_; Philippe VI., the most unfortunate of all the kings of
France, was surnamed _the Lucky_; Jean, one of the worst of all the
kings, was called _the Good_; Charles VI., an idiot, and Louis XV., a
scandalous debauchee, were surnamed _the Well-beloved_; Henri II., a man
of pleasure, wholly under the thumb of Diane de Poitiers, was called
_the War-like_; Louis XIII., most unjust in domestic life, where alone
he had any freedom of action, was called _the Just_; Louis XIV., a man
of mere ceremony and posture, who lost battle after battle, and brought
the nation to absolute bankruptcy, was surnamed _the Great King_. (He
was little in stature, little in mind, little in all moral and physical
faculties; and _great_ only in such littlenesses as posturing, dressing,
ceremony and gormandizing). And Louis XVIII., forced on the nation by
conquerors, quite against the general will, was called _the Desired_.
_Kings of France._ The succession of three brothers has been singularly
fatal in French monarchism. The Capetian dynasty terminated with three
brothers, sons of Philippe, _le Bel_ (viz., Louis X., Philippe V., and
Charles IV.). The Valois dynasty came to an end by the succession of the
three brothers, sons of Henri II. (viz., François II., Charles IX., and
Henri III.). The next or Bourbon dynasty terminated in the same manner
(Louis XVI., Louis XVIII., and Charles X.).
After Charles IV. (the third brother of the Capetian dynasty), came
Phillipe de Valois, a collateral descendant; after Henri III. (the third
brother of the Valois dynasty), came Henry de Bourbon, a collateral
descendant; and after Charles X. (the third brother of the Bourbon
dynasty), came Louis Philippe, a collateral descendant. With the third
of the third the monarchy ended.
=Kings Playing with their Children.=
[F1: not a paragraph line break?]The fine painting of J. D. Ingres,
represents Henri IV. (of France) carrying his children pickaback, to the
horror of the Spanish ambassador.
Plutarch tells us that Agesiläos was one day discovered riding
cock-horse on a walking-stick, to please and amuse his children.
George III. was on one occasion, discovered on all fours, with one of
his children riding astride his back. He is also well remembered by the
painting of “George III. Playing at Ball with the Princess Amelia.”
=Kingsale= (_Lord_), allowed to wear his hat in the presence of royalty.
In 1203, Hugh de Lacie treacherously seized Sir John de Courcy, lord of
Kingsale, and King John condemned him to perpetual imprisonment in the
Tower. When he had been there about a year, King John and Philippie
_Auguste_ of France agreed to determine certain claims by combat. It was
then that John applied to de Courcy to be his champion; and, as soon as
the giant knight entered the lists, the French champion ran away
panic-struck. John now asked his champion what reward he could give him
for his service. “Titles and estates I have enow,” said de Courcy; and
then requested that, after having paid obeisance, he and his heirs might
stand covered in the presence of the king, and his successors.
Lord Forester had the same right confirmed to him by Henry VIII.
John Pakington, ancestor of Lord Hampton, had a grant made him in the
20th Henry VIII. “of full liberty during his life to wear his hat in the
royal presence.”
=Kingship= (_Disqualifications for_). Any personal blemish disqualified
a person from being king during the semi-barbarous stage of society;
thus, putting out the eyes of a prince, to disqualify him from reigning,
was by no means uncommon. It will be remembered that Hubert designed to
put out the eyes of Prince Arthur with this object. Witi´za, the
Vizigoth, put out the eyes of Theodofred, “inhabilitandole pāra la
monarchia,” says Ferraras. When Albuquerque took possession of Ormuz, he
deposed fifteen kings of Portugal, and, instead of killing them, put out
their eyes.
Yorwerth, son of Owen Gwynedh, was set aside from the Welsh throne
because he had a broken nose.
Count Oliba of Barcelona was set aside because he could not speak till
he had stamped thrice with his foot, like a goat.
The son of Henry V. was to be received as king of France, only on
condition that his body was without defect, and was not
stunted.—Monstrelet, _Chroniques_, v. 190 (1512).
Un Conde de Gallicia que fuera valiado,
Pelayo avie nombre, ome fo desforzado,
Perdio la vision, andaba embargado,
Ca ome que non vede, nom debie seer nado.
Gonzalez de Berceo, _S. Dom_, 388 (died 1266).
=Kinmont Willie=, William Armstrong of Kinmonth. This notorious
freebooter, who lived in the part latter of the sixteenth century, is
the hero of a famous Scotch ballad.
=Kinney= (_Elder_). A good man, married to a pure, good woman. They work
together in their home and parish, a benefaction to one another and to
their little world, until the husband and pastor is called home by a
fatal accident. His wife’s hair turns white under the shock, yet she
rallies her strong heart to read her husband’s sermons to his people
until they will hear of no other spiritual leader.—Draxy Miller’s Dowry,
_Saxe Holm Stories_ (1886).
=Kirk= (_Mr. John_), foreman of the jury on Effie Deans’s trial.—Sir W.
Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
=Kirkcaldy= (Scotland), a corruption of Kirk-Culdee, one of the churches
founded in 563 by St. Colomb, and his twelve brethren, when they
established the Culdee institutions. The doctrines, discipline and
government of the Culdees resembled Presbyterianism.
=Kirkrapine= (3 _syl._), a sturdy thief, “wont to rob churches of their
ornaments and poor men’s boxes.” All he could lay hands on he brought to
the hut of Abessa, daughter of Corce´ca. While Una was in the hut,
Kirkrapine knocked at the door, and as it was not immediately opened,
knocked it down; whereupon the lion sprang on him, “under his lordly
foot did him suppress,” and then “rent him in thousand pieces small.”
The meaning is that popery was reformed by the British lion, which slew
Kirkrapine or put a stop to the traffic in spiritual matters. Una
represents truth of the Reformed Church.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 3
(1590).
=Kit= [NUBBLES], the lad employed to wait on little Nell, and do all
sorts of odd jobs at the “curiosity shop” for her grandfather. He
generally begins his sentences with “Why then.” Thus, “’Twas a long way,
wasn’t it, Kit!” “Why then, it was a goodish stretch,” returned Kit.
“Did you find the house easily?” “Why then, not over and above,” said
Kit. “Of course you have come back hungry?” “Why then, I do think I am
rather so.” When the “curiosity shop” was broken up by Quilp, Kit took
service under Mr. Garland, Abel Cottage, Finchley.
=Kit Carson’s Ride= tells how he, his newly-made bride, and Revels, his
comrade, rode before a prairie fire, entangled in a herd of frightened,
savage buffaloes, until Revels dropped dead, and the red flames snatched
his bride from him, and his horse bore him senseless, into safety.
“Sell Paché! You buy him! A bag full of gold
You show him! Tell of him the tale I have told!
Why he bore me through fire, is blind and is old.”
Joaquin Miller, _Songs of the Sierras_ (1871).
=Kite= (_Sergeant_), the “recruiting officer.” He describes his own
character thus:
“I was born a gypsy, and bred among that crew till I was 10 years old;
there I learnt _canting_ and _lying_. I was bought from my mother by a
certain nobleman for three pistoles, who ... made me his page; there I
learnt _impudence_ and _pimping_. Being turned off for wearing my lord’s
linen, and drinking my lady’s ratafia, I turned bailiff’s follower;
there I learnt _bullying_ and _swearing_. I at last got into the army,
and there I learnt ... _drinking_. So that ... the whole sum is:
canting, lying, impudence, pimping, bullying, swearing, drinking, and a
halberd.”—G. Farquhar, _The Recruiting Officer_, iii. 1 (1705).
Sergeant Kite is an original picture of low life and humor, rarely
surpassed.—R. Chambers, _English Literature_, i. 599.
The original “Sergeant Kite” was R. Eastcourt (1668-1713).
=Kitely= (2 _syl._), a rich City merchant, extremely jealous of his
wife.—Ben Jonson, _Every Man in His Humor_ (1598).
=Kit-Kat Club,= held in Shire Lane, now called Lower Serle’s Place
(London). The members were whig “patriots” who, at the end of William
III.’s reign, met to secure the Protestant succession. Joseph Addison,
Steele, Congreve, Garth, Vanbrugh, Mainwaring, Walpole, Pulteney, etc.,
were members.
=Kitt Henshaw=, boatman to Sir Patrick Charteris, of Kidfauns, provost
of Perth.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
=Kittlecourt= (_Sir Thomas_), M.P., neighbor of the laird of
Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
=Kitty=, one of the servants of Mr. Peregrine Lovel. She spoke French
like a native, because she was once “a half boarder at Chelsea.” Being
asked if she had read Shakespeare: “Shikspur, Shikspur!” she replied.
“Who wrote it? No, I never read that book; but I promise to read it over
one afternoon or other.”—Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_
(1759).
_Kitty_, younger daughter of Sir David and Lady Dunder, of Dunder Hall,
near Dover. She is young, wild, and of exuberant spirits, “her mind full
of fun, her eyes full of fire, her head full of novels, and her heart
full of love.” Kitty fell in love with Random, at Calais, and agreed to
elope with him, but the fugitives were detected by Sir David during
their preparations for flight, and, to prevent scandal, the marriage was
sanctioned by the parents, and duly solemnized at Dunder Hall.—G.
Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).
=Kitty Ellison.= Young woman from Eriecreek, who travels up the
Saguenay, and into Canada, with Boston cousins, and meets _en route_ Mr.
Arbuton, a Bostonian of the Bostonians. He cannot help loving her, and
incidentally saves her life, yet is ashamed of her plain travelling-gown
when they encountered certain Boston women. Kitty sees it, and proudly
dismisses him.
“I couldn’t alter both our whole lives or make myself over again, and
you couldn’t change yourself. Perhaps you would try, and I know I would,
but it would be a wretched failure and disappointment as long as we
lived.”—W. D. Howells, _A Chance Acquaintance_ (1873).
=Kitty Pry=, the waiting-maid of Melissa. Very impertinent, very
inquisitive, and very free in her tongue. She has a partiality to
Timothy Sharp, “the lying valet.”—Garrick, _The Lying Valet_ (1741).
=Kitty Willis=, a loose woman, employed by Saville to attend a
masquerade in the same costume as Lady Francis, in order to dupe
Courtall.—Mrs. Cowley, _The Belles’ Stratagem_ (1780).
=Klabot´ermann,= a ship-kobold of the Baltic, sometimes heard, but
rarely seen. Those who have seen him say he sits on the bowsprit of a
phantom ship, called _Carmilhan_, dressed in yellow, wearing a
night-cap, and smoking a cutty pipe.
=Kläs= (_Kaiser_), a nickname given to Napoleon I. (1769, 1804-1814,
1821).
Hort mâl lüd, en bitgen still,
Hort wat ick vertellen will,
Van den gröten Kaiser Kläs,
Dat wär mal en fixen Bäs,
Ded von Korsika her tën
Wall de welt mal recht besehm.
Helena de Jumfer is
Nu sîn Brüt, sin Paradis;
Kläs geit mit ër op de Jagd
Drömt nich mehr von krieg un Schlacht,
Un het he mâl Langewil
Schleit he Rötten d’ôt mil’n Bil.
_Kaiser Kläs_.
=Klaus= (_Doctor_), hero and title of a comedy by Herr Adolph l’Arronge
(1878). Dr. Klaus is a gruff, but noble-minded and kind-hearted man,
whose niece (a rich jeweller’s daughter) has married a poor nobleman of
such extravagant notions that the wife’s property is soon dissipated;
the young spendthrift is reformed. The doctor has a coachman, who
invades his master’s province, and undertakes to cure a sick peasant.
_Klaus_ (_Peter_), the prototype of Rip van Winkle. Klaus _[Klows]_ is a
goatherd of Sittendorf, who was one day accosted by a young man, who
beckoned him to follow. Peter obeyed, and was led into a deep dell,
where he found twelve knights playing skittles, no one of whom uttered a
word. Gazing around, he noticed a can of wine, and, drinking some of its
contents, was overpowered with sleep. When he awoke, he was amazed at
the height of the grass, and when he entered the village everything
seemed strange to him. One or two companions encountered him, but those
whom he knew as boys were grown middle-aged men, and those whom he knew
as middle-aged were gray-beards. After much perplexity he discovered he
had been asleep for twenty years (See SLEEPERS).
Your Epimenidês, your somnolent Peter Klaus, since named “Rip van
Winkle.”—T Carlyle.
=Kleiner= (_General_), governor of Prague, brave as a lion, but
tender-hearted as a girl. It was Kleiner who rescued the infant daughter
of Mahldenau at the siege of Magdeburg. A soldier seized the infant’s
nurse, but Kleiner smote him down, saved the child, and brought it up as
his own daughter. Mahldenau being imprisoned in Prague as a spy, Meeta,
his daughter, came to Prague to beg for his pardon, and it then came to
light that the governor’s adopted daughter was Meeta’s sister.—S.
Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).
=Knag= (_Miss_), forewoman of Mde. Mantalini, milliner, near Cavendish
Square, London. After doting on Kate Nickleby for three whole days, this
spiteful creature makes up her mind to hate her for ever.—C. Dickens,
_Nicholas Nickleby_, xviii. (1838).
=Knickerbocker= (_Diedrich_), _nom de plume_ of Washington Irving, in
his _History of New York_ (1809).
=Knight of Arts and Industry=, the hero of Thomson’s _Castle of
Indolence_ (canto ii. 7-13, 1748).
=Knight of La Mancha=, Don Quixote de la Mancha, the hero of Cervantes’
novel called _Don Quixote, etc._ (1605-1615).
=Knight of the Blade=, a bully; so called because when swords were worn,
a bully was for ever asserting his opinions, by an appeal to his sword.
=Knight of the Ebon Spear=, Britŏmart. In the great tournament she
“sends Sir Artegal over his horse’s tail,” then disposes of Cambel,
Tri´amond, Blan´damour, and several others in the same summary way, for
“no man could bide her enchanted spear.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 4
(1596).
=Knight of the Fatal Sword=, Emedōrous of Grana´da. Known for his love
of the incomparable Alzay´da.
“Sir,” said the lady, “your name is so celebrated in the world, that I
am persuaded nothing is impossible for your arm to execute.”—Comtesse
D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The Knights-Errant,” 1682).
=Knight of the Invincible Sword.= So Am´adis de Gaul styled
himself.—Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de Gaul_ (fourteenth century).
=Knight of the Leopard.= David, earl of Huntingdon, prince royal of
Scotland, assumed the name and disguise of Sir Kenneth, “Knight of the
Leopard,” in the crusade.—Sir. W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard
I.).
=Knight of the Lions=, the appellation assumed by Don Quixote after his
attack upon the van containing two lions sent by the general of Oran as
a present to the king of Spain.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. i. 17
(1615).
=Knight of the Pestle=, an apothecary or druggist.
=Knight of the Post=, one who haunted the purlieus of the courts, ready
to be hired to swear anything. So called because these mercenaries hung
about the post to which the sheriffs affixed their announcements.
I’ll be no knight of the post, to sell my soul for a bribe;
Tho’ all my fortunes be crossed, yet I scorn the cheater’s tribe.
_Ragged and Torn and True_ (a ballad).
Also a man in the pillory, or one that has been publicly tied to a post
and whipped.
=Knight of the Rainbow=, a footman; so called from his gorgeous raiment.
=Knight of the Roads=, a foot-pad or highwayman; so termed by a pun on
the military order entitled “The Knights of Rhodes.”
=Knight of the Rueful Countenance=, Don Quixote de la Mancha, the hero
of Cervantes’ novel, is so called by Sancho Panza, his squire.
=Knight of the Shears=, a tailor. Shires (_counties_), pronounced
_shears_, gives birth to the pun.
=Knight of the Sun=, Almanzor, prince of Tunis. So called because the
sun was the device he bore on his shield.—Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy
Tales_ (“Princess Zamea,” 1682).
=Knight of the Swan=, Lohengrin, son of Parsival. He went to Brabant in
a ship drawn by a swan. Here he liberated the Princess Elsa, who was a
captive, and then married her, but declined to tell his name. After a
time he joined an expedition against the Hungarians, and, after
performing miracles of valor, returned to Brabant covered with glory.
Some of Elsa’s friends laughed at her for not knowing her husband’s
name, so she implored him to tell her of his family; but no sooner was
the question asked than the white swan re-appeared and conveyed him
away.—Wolfram von Eschenbach (a minnesinger), _Lohengrin_ (thirteenth
century).
=Knight of the Tomb= (_The_), Sir James Douglas, usually called “The
Black Douglas.”—Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous._ In the episode of
_Argalus and Parthenia_ in Sidney’s _Arcadia_. Parthenia, to avenge her
husband’s death, disguises herself as “The Knight of the Tomb.”
=Knight of the White Moon=, the title assumed by Samson Carrasco, when
he tilted with Don Quixote, on the condition that if the don were
worsted in the encounter he should quit knight-errantry and live
peaceably at home for twelve months.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iv.
12-14 (1615).
=Knight of the Woeful Countenance=, Don Quixote de la Mancha.
=Knight with Two Swords=, Sir Balin, _le Savage_, brother of Sir
Balan.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 27, 33 (1470).
=Knights=. The three bravest of King Arthur’s knights were Sir Launcelot
du Lac, Sir Tristram de Lionês or Lyonês and Sir Lamorake de Galis (_i.
e._ Wales).—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 132 (1470).
⁂ The complement of the knights of the Round Table was 150 (ditto, i.
120). But in _Lancelot of the Lake_, ii. 81, they are said to have
amounted to 250.
_Knights_ (_’Prentice_), a secret society established to avenge the
wrongs of apprentices on their “tyrant masters.” Mr. Sim Tappertit was
captain of this “noble association,” and their meetings were held in a
cellar in Stagg’s house, in the Barbican. The name was afterwards
changed into “The United Bull-dogs,” and the members joined the
anti-popery rout of Lord George Gordon.—C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_,
viii. (1841).
=Knights of Alcan´tara=, a military order of Spain, which took its name
from the city of Alcantara, in Estremadura. These knights were
previously called “Knights of the Pear Tree,” and subsequently “Knights
of St. Julian.” The order was founded in 1156 for the defence of
Estremadura against the Moors. In 1197 Pope Celestine III. raised it to
the rank of a religious order of knighthood.
=Knights of Calatra´va=, a military order of Spain, instituted by Sancho
III. of Castile. When Sancho took the strong fort of Calatrava from the
Moors, he gave it to the Knights Templars, who, wanting courage to
defend it, returned it to the king again. Then Don Reymond, of the
Cistercian order, with several cavelleros of quality, volunteered to
defend the fort, whereupon the king constituted them “Knights of
Calatrava.”
=Knights of Christian Charity=, instituted by Henri III. of France, for
the benefit of poor military officers and maimed soldiers. This order
was founded at the same time as that of the “Holy Ghost,” which was
meant for princes and men of distinction. The order was completed by
Henri IV., and resembled our “Poor Knights of Windsor,” now called “The
Military Knights of Windsor.”
=Knights of Malta=, otherwise called “Hospitallers of St. John of
Jerusalem,” a religious military order, whose residence was in the
island of Malta. Some time before the journey of Godfrey of Bouillon
into the Holy Land, some Neapolitan merchants built a house for those of
their countrymen who came thither on pilgrimage. Afterwards they built a
church to St. John, and an hospital for the sick, whence they took the
name of “Hospitallers.” In 1104 the order became military, and changed
the term “Hospitallers” into that of “Knights Hospitallers.” In 1310
they took Rhodes, and the order was then called “The Knights of Rhodes.”
In 1523 they were expelled from Rhodes by the Turks, and took up their
residence in Malta.
=Knights of Montesa=, a Spanish order of knighthood, instituted by James
II. of Aragon, in 1317.
=Knights of Nova Scotia=, in the West Indies, created by James I. of
Great Britain. These knights wore a ribbon of an orange tawny color.
=Knights of Our Lady of Mount Carmel= (_Chevaliers de l’Ordre de Notre
Dame du Mont Carmel_), instituted by Henri IV. of France, in 1607, and
consisting of a hundred French gentlemen.
N. B.—These knights must not be confounded with the _Carmelites_ or
_L’Ordre des Carmes_, founded by Bertholde, count of Limoges, in 1156;
said by legend to have been founded by the prophet Elijah, and to have
been revived by the Virgin Mary. The religious house of Carmel was
founded in 400 by John, patriarch of Jerusalem, in honor of Elijah, and
this gave rise to the legend.
=Knights of Rhodes=. The “Knights of Malta” were so called between 1310
and 1523. (See KNIGHTS OF MALTA).
=Knights of St. Andrew=, instituted by Peter the Great, of Moscovy, in
1698. Their badge is a gold medal, having St. Andrew’s cross on one
side, with these words, _Cazar Pierre monarque de tout le Russie_.
=Knights of St. Genette= (_Chevaliers de l’Ordre de St Genette_), the
most ancient order of knighthood in France, instituted by Charles
Martel, after his victory over the Saracens, in 782, where a vast number
of _genets_, like Spanish cats (_civet cats_), were found in the enemy’s
camp.
=Knights of St. George=. There are several orders so called: