[_Be_] not bent as Jephthah once,

Blindly to execute a rash resolve;

Whom better it had suited to exclaim,

“I have done ill!” than to redeem his pledge

By doing worse. Not unlike to him

In folly that great leader of the Greeks—

Whence, on the altar, Iphigenia mourned

Her virgin beauty.

Dantê, _Paradise_, v. (1311).

⁂ Euripides wrote two plays: _Iphigenia in Aulis_, and _Iphigenia in

Tauris_.

⁂ Jephthah’s daughter has often been dramatized. Thus we have in English

_Jephtha his Daughter_, by Plessie Morney, _Jephtha_ (1546), by

Christopherson; _Jephtha_, by Buchanan; and _Jephthah_ (an opera, 1752),

by Handel.

=Jepson= (_Old_), a smuggler.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George

III.).

=Jeremi´ah= (_The British_), Gildas, (A. D. 516-570), author of _De

Exidio Britanniæ_, a book of lamentations over the destruction of

Britain. He is so called by Gibbon.

=Jer´emy= (_Master_), head domestic of Lord Saville.—Sir W. Scott,

_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Jeremy Diddler=, an adept at raising money on false pretenses.—Kenney,

_Raising the Wind_.

=Jerningham= (_Master Thomas_), the duke of Buckingham’s gentleman.—Sir

W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Jerome= (_Don_), father of Don Ferdinand and Louisa; pig-headed,

passionate, and mercenary, but very fond of his daughter. He insists on

her marrying Isaac Mendoza, a rich Portuguese Jew, but Louisa, being in

love with Don Antonio, positively refuses to do so. She is turned out of

the house by mistake, and her duenna is locked up, under the belief that

she is Louisa. Isaac, being introduced to the duenna, elopes with her,

supposing her to be Don Jerome’s daughter; and Louisa, taking refuge in

a convent, gets married to Don Antonio. Ferdinand, at the same time,

marries Clara, the daughter of Don Guzman. The old man is well content,

and promises to be the friend of his children, who, he acknowledges,

have chosen better for themselves than he had done for them.—Sheridan,

_The Duenna_ (1775).

_Jerome_ (_Father_), abbot at St. Bride’s Convent.—Sir W. Scott, _Castle

Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

=Jeron´imo=, the principal character in _The Spanish Tragedy_, by Thomas

Kyd (1597). On finding his application to the king ill-timed, he says to

himself, “Go by! Jeronimo;” which so tickled the fancy of the audience

that it became a common street jest.

=Jerry=, manager of a troupe of dancing dogs. He was a tall,

black-whiskered man, in a velveteen coat.—C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity

Shop_, xviii. (1840).

=Jerry Sneak=, a hen-pecked husband.—Foote, _Mayor of Garrat_ (1763).

=Jeru´salem=, in Dryden’s _Absalom and Achitophel_, means London;

“David” is Charles II., and “Absalom” the duke of Monmouth, etc.

_Jerusalem_. Henry IV. was told “he should not die but in Jerusalem.”

Being in Westminster Abbey, he inquired what the chapter-house was

called, and when he was told it was called the “Jerusalem Chamber,” he

felt sure that he would die there “according to the prophecy,” and so he

did.

Pope SYLVESTER II. was told the same thing, and died as he was saying

mass in a church so called at Rome.—Brown, _Fasciculus_.

CAMBYSES, son of Cyrus, was told that he should die in Ecbat´ana, which

he supposed meant the capital of Medĭa; but he died of his wounds in a

place so called in Syria.

=Jerusalem Delivered=, an epic poem in twenty books, by Torquato Tasso

(1575).

The crusaders, having encamped on the plains of Torto´sa, choose Godfrey

for their chief. The overtures of Argantês being declined, war is

declared by him in the name of the king of Egypt. The Christian army

reaches Jerusalem, but it is found that the city cannot be taken without

the aid of Rinaldo, who had withdrawn from the army because Godfrey had

cited him for the death of Girnando, whom he had slain in a duel.

Godfrey sends to the enchanted island of Armi´da to invite the hero

back, and on his return Jerusalem is assailed in a night attack. The

poem concludes with the triumphant entry of the Christians into the Holy

City, and their adoration at the Redeemer’s tomb.

The two chief episodes are the loves of Olindo and Sophronia, and of

Tancred and Corinda.

=Jervis= (_Mrs._), the virtuous housekeeper of young Squire B. Mrs.

Jervis protects Pam´ela when her young master assails her.—Richardson,

_Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded_ (1740).

=Jessamy=, the son of Colonel Oldboy. He changed his name in compliment

to Lord Jessamy, who adopted him and left him his heir. Jessamy is an

affected, conceited prig, who dresses as a fop, carries a muff to keep

his hands warm, and likes old china better than a pretty girl. This

popinjay proposes to Clarissa Flowerdale; but she despises him, much to

his indignation and astonishment.—Bickerstaff, _Lionel and Clarissa_

(1735-1790).

He’s a coxcomb, a fop, a dainty milksop,

Who essenced and dizened from bottom to top,

And looked like a doll from a milliner’s shop...

He shrugs and takes snuff, and carries a muff,

A minickin, finicking, French powdered puff.

Act i. 1.

=Jessamy Bride= (_The_), Mary Horneck, with whom Goldsmith fell in love

in (1769).

=Jes´sica=, daughter of Shylock, the Jew. She elopes with

Lorenzo.—Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_ (1597).

Jessica cannot be called a sketch, or, if a sketch, she is dashed off in

glowing colors from the rainbow palette of a Rubens. She has a rich tint

of Orientalism shed over her.—Mrs. Jameson.

=Jesters=. (See FOOLS.)

=Jests= (_The Father of_), Joseph _or_ Joe Miller, an English comic

actor, whose name has become a household word for a stale joke

(1684-1738). The book of jests which goes by his name was compiled by

Mr. Mottley, the dramatist (1739). Joe Miller himself never uttered a

jest in his life, and it is a _lucus a non lucendo_ to father them on

such a taciturn, commonplace dullard.

=Jesus Christ and the Clay Bird=. _The Korân_ says: “O Jesus, son of

Mary, remember ... when thou didst create of clay the figure of a bird

... and did breathe thereon, and it became a bird!”—Ch. v.

The allusion is to a legend that Jesus was playing with other children

who amused themselves with making clay birds, but when the child Jesus

breathed on the one He had made, it instantly received life and flew

away.—Hone, _Apocryphal New Testament_ (1820).

=Jew= (_The_), a comedy by R. Cumberland (1776), written to disabuse the

public mind of unjust prejudices against a people who have been long

“scattered and peeled.” The Jew is Sheva, who was rescued at Cadiz from

an _auto da fe_, by Don Carlos, and from a howling London mob by the son

of Don Carlos, called Charles Ratcliffe. His whole life is spent in

unostentatious benevolence, but his modesty is equal to his

philanthropy. He gives £10,000 as a marriage portion to Ratcliffe’s

sister, who marries Frederick Bertram, and he makes Charles the heir of

all his property.

_Jew_ (_The_).

This is the Jew.

That Shakespeare drew

This couplet was written by Pope, and refers to the “Shylock” of Charles

Macklin (1690-1797).

_Jew_ (_The Wandering_).

1. _Of Greek tradition_. ARIS´TEAS, a poet who continued to appear and

disappear alternately for above 400 years, and who visited all the

mythical nations of the earth.

2. _Of Jewish story_. Tradition says that CARTAPH´ILOS, the door-keeper

of the judgment hall, in the service of Pontius Pilate, struck our Lord

as he led Him forth, saying, “Get on! Faster, Jesus!” Whereupon the Man

of Sorrows replied “I am going; but tarry thou till I come [_again_].”

This man afterwards became a Christian, and was baptized by Ananias

under the name of Joseph. Every hundred years he falls into a trance,

out of which he rises again at the age of 30.

⁂ The earliest account of the Wandering Jew, is in the _Book of the

Chronicles of the Abbey of St. Alban’s_, copied and continued by Matthew

Paris (1228). In 1242 Philip Mouskes, afterwards bishop of Tournay,

wrote the “rhymed chronicles.”

Another legend is that Jesus, pressed down by the weight of His cross,

stopped to rest at the door of a cobbler, named AHASUE´RUS, who pushed

him away, saying, “Get off! Away with you! away!” Our Lord replied,

“Truly, I go away, and that quickly; but tarry thou till I come.”

⁂ This is the legend given by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig, in

1547. *—Greve, _Memoirs of Paul von Eitzen_ (1744).

A third legend says that it was the cobbler Ahasue´rus who haled Jesus

to the judgment seat; and that, as the Man of Sorrows stayed to rest

awhile on a stone, he pushed Him, saying, “Get on, Jesus! Here you shall

not stay!” Jesus replied, “I truly go away, and go to rest; but thou

shalt go away, and never rest till I come.”

3. _In German legend_, the Wandering Jew is associated with JOHN

BUTTADÆUS, seen at Antwerp in the thirteenth century, again in the

fifteenth, and again in the sixteenth centuries. His last appearance was

in 1774, at Brussels.

⁂ Leonard Doldius, of Nürnberg, in his _Praxis Alchymiæ_ (1604), says

that the Jew, Ahasue´rus, is sometimes called “Buttadæus.”

Signor GUALDI, who had been dead 130 years, appeared in the latter half

of the eighteenth century, and had his likeness taken by Titian. One day

he disappeared as mysteriously as he had come.—_Turkish Spy_, ii.

(1682).

4. _The French legend_. The French call the Wandering Jew ISAAC

LAKE´DION or Laquedem.—Mitternacht, _Dissertatio in Johan._, xxxi. 19.

5. _Of Dr. Croly’s novel_. The name given to the Wandering Jew by Dr.

Croly is SALATHIEL BEN SADI, who appeared and disappeared towards the

close of the sixteenth century, at Venice, in so sudden a manner as to

attract the attention of all Europe.

⁂ Dr. Croly, in his novel called _Salathiel_ (1827), traces the course

of the Wandering Jew; so does Eugène Sue, in _Le Juif Errant_ (1845);

but in these novels the Jew makes no figure of importance.

G Doré, in 1861, illustrated the legend of the Wandering Jew in folio

wood engravings.

6. It is said in legend that GYPSIES are doomed to be everlasting

wanderers, because they refused the Virgin and Child hospitality in

their flight into Egypt.—Adventinus, _Annalium Boiorum, libri septem_

vii. (1554).

The legend of the Wild Huntsman, called by Shakespeare “Herne, the

Hunter,” and by Father Matthieu “St Hubert,” is said to be a Jew who

would not suffer Jesus to drink from a horse-trough, but pointed out to

Him some water in a hoof-print, and bade Him go there and drink.—Kuhn

von Schwarz, _Nordd. Sagen_, 499.

=Jews= (_The_), in Dryden’s _Absalom and Achitophel_, means those

English who were loyal to Charles II. called “David” in the the satire

(1681-2).

=Jewkes= (_Mrs._), a detestable character in Richardson’s _Pamela_

(1740).

=Jez´ebel= (_A Painted_), a flaunting woman, of brazen face, but loose

morals. So called from Jezebel, the wife of Ahab, king of Israel.

=Jim=, the boy of Reginald Lowestoffe, the young Templar. Sir W. Scott,

_Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Jin Vin=, _i.e._ Jenkin Vincent, one of Ramsay’s apprentices, in love

with Margaret Ramsay.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James

I.).

=Jin´gle= (_Alfred_), a strolling actor, who, by his powers of amusing

and sharp-wittedness, imposes for a time on the members of the Pickwick

Club, and is admitted to their intimacy; but being found to be an

impostor, he is dropped by them. The generosity of Mr. Pickwick in

rescuing Jingle from the Fleet, reclaims him, and he quits England.

Alfred Jingle talks most rapidly and flippantly, but not without much

native shrewdness; and he knows a “hawk from a handsaw.”—C. Dickens,

_The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).

=Jingo=, a corruption of Jainko, the Basque Supreme Being. “By Jingo!”

or “By the living Jingo!” is an appeal to deity. Edward I. had Basque

mountaineers conveyed to England to take part in his Welsh wars, and the

Plantagenets held the Basque provinces in possession. This Basque oath

is a land-mark of these facts.

=Jingoes= (_The_), the anti-Russians in the war between Russia and

Turkey; hence the English war party. The term arose (1878) from a

popular music-hall song, beginning thus:

We don’t want to fight; but, by Jingo, if we do,

We’ve got the ships, we’ve got the men, we’ve got the money, too.

(This song has also furnished the words _jingoism_ (bragging war spirit,

Bobadilism) and the adjective _jingo_).

=Jiniwin= (_Mrs._), a widow, the mother of Mrs. Quilp. A shrewd,

ill-tempered old woman, who lived with her son-in-law in Tower

Street.—C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity Shop_ (1840).

=Jinker= (_Lieutenant Jamie_), horse-dealer at Doune.—Sir W. Scott,

_Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Jinn=, plu. of =Jinnee=, a sort of fairy in Arabian mythology, the

offspring of fire. The jinn propagate their species like human beings,

and are governed by kings called suleymans. Their chief abode is the

mountain Kâf, and they appear to men under the forms of serpents, dogs,

cats, etc., which become invisible at pleasure. Evil jinn are hideously

ugly, but good jinn are exquisitely beautiful.

⁂ Jinnistan means the country of the jinn. The connection of Solomon

with the jinn is a mere blunder, arising from the similarity of suleyman

and Solomon.

=J.J.=, in Hogarth’s “Gin Lane,” written on a gibbet, is Sir Joseph

Jekyll, obnoxious for his bill for increasing the duty on gin.

⁂ Jean Jacques [Rousseau] was often referred to by these initials in the

eighteenth century.

=Jo=, a poor little outcast, living in one of the back slums of London,

called “Tom All-alone.” The little human waif is hounded about from

place to place, till he dies of want.—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Jo March=. The author-sister of _Little Women_, by Louisa M. Alcott. Jo

has much originality and more prankishness, writes blood-and-thunder

stories because they pay, and ceases to write them when they pay best,

because her conscience has awakened. Supposed to be drawn as the

author’s own character.—Louisa M. Alcott, _Little Women_ (1867).

=Joan=. Cromwell’s wife was always called Joan by the cavaliers,

although her real name was Elizabeth.

_Joan_, princess of France, affianced to the duke of Orleans.—Sir W.

Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Joan of Arc=, surnamed _La Pucelle_, born in a village upon the marches

of Barre, called Domremy, near Vaucouleurs. Her father was James of Arc,

and her mother Isabel, poor country-folk, who brought up their children

to keep their cattle. Joan professed to be inspired to liberate France

from the English, and actually raised the siege of Orleans, after which

Charles II. was crowned (1402-1431).

A young wench of an eighteene years old; of favor was she counted

likesome, of person stronglie made and manlie, of courage great, hardie

and stout, withall ... she had great semblance of chastitie both of body

and behavor.—Holinshed, _Chronicles_, 600 (1577).

... there was no bloom of youth

Upon her cheek; yet had the loveliest hues

Of health, with lesser fascination, fixed

The gazer’s eye; for wan the maiden was,

Of saintly paleness, and there seemed to dwell,

In the strong beauties of her countenance,

Something that was not earthly.

Southey, _Joan of Arc_ (1795).

⁂ Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, _Jungfrau von Orleans_ (1801);

Soumet another, _Jeanne d’Arc_ (1825). Besides Southey’s epic, we have

one by François Cazaneaux; another by Chapelain, called _La Pucelle_

(1656), on which he labored for thirty years. Casimir Delavigne has an

admirable elegy on _The Maid_ (1816), and Voltaire a burlesque.

Shakespeare introduces her in the First Part of Henry VI.

=Joanna=, the “deserted daughter” of Mr. Mordent. Her father abandoned

her in order to marry Lady Anne, and his money-broker placed her under

the charge of Mrs. Enfield, who kept a house of intrigue. Cheveril fell

in love with Joanna, and described her as having “blue eyes, auburn

hair, aquiline nose, ivory teeth, carnation lips, a ravishing mouth,

enchanting neck, a form divine, and the face of an angel.”—Holcroft,

_The Deserted Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_).

=Job and Elspat=, father and mother of Sergeant Houghton.—Sir W. Scott,

_Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Job’s Wife=. Some call her Rahmat, daughter of Ephraim, son of Joseph;

and others call her Makhir, daughter of Manasses.—Sale, _Korân_, xxi.

note.

=Joblillies= (_The_), the small gentry of a village, the squire being

the Grand Panjandrum.

There were present the Picninnies and the Joblillies and the Garyulies,

and the Grand Panjandrum himself.—S. Foote, _The Quarterly Review_, xcv.

516-7.

=Jobling=, medical officer to the “Anglo-Bengalee Company.” Mr. Jobling

was a portentous and most carefully dressed gentleman, fond of a good

dinner, and said by all to be “full of anecdote.” He was far too shrewd

to be concerned with the Anglo-Bengalee bubble company, except as a paid

functionary.—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Jobson= (_Joseph_), clerk to Squire Inglewood, the magistrate.—Sir W.

Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_Jobson_ (_Zekel_), a very masterful cobbler, who ruled his wife with a

rod of iron.

_Neil Jobson_, wife of Zekel, a patient, meek, sweet-tempered woman.—C.

Coffey, _The Devil to Pay_ (died, 1745).

=Jocelyn= (_Martin_). Man who yields gradually to the opium-habit,

beggars his family, and blasts his reputation by it. Once and again he

reforms for a few months, then relapses, and finally blows out his

brains in a paroxysm of despairing remorse.—Edward Payson Roe, _Without

a Home_ (1881).

=Jock o’ Dawston Cleugh=, the quarrelsome neighbor of Dandie Dinmont, of

Charlie’s Hope.

_Jock Jabos_, postilion to Mrs. M’Candlish, the landlady of the Golden

Arms inn, Kippletringan.

_Slounging Jock_, one of the men of M’Guffog, the jailer.—Sir W. Scott,

_Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Jock o’ Hazeldean=, the young man beloved by a “ladye fair.” The lady’s

father wanted her to marry Frank, “the chief of Errington and laird of

Langley Dale,” rich, brave and gallant; but “aye she let the tears down

fa’ for Jock of Hazeldean.” At last the wedding morn arrived, the kirk

was gaily decked, the priest and bridegroom, with dame and knight, were

duly assembled; but no bride could be seen; she had crossed the border

and given her hand to Jock of Hazeldean.

This ballad, by Sir W. Scott, is a modernized version of an ancient

ballad entitled _Jock o’ Hazelgreen_.

=Jockey of Norfolk=, Sir John Howard, a firm adherent of Richard III. On

the night before the battle of Bosworth Field, he found in his tent this

warning couplet:

Jockey of Norfolk, be not too bold,

For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold.

=Jodelet=, valet of Du Croisy. In order to reform two silly girls, whose

heads have been turned by novels, Du Croisy and his friend La Grange get

their lackeys introduced to them, as the “Viscount of Jodelet,” and the

“Marquis of Mascarille.” The girls are delighted with their

“aristocratic visitors;” but when the game has gone far enough, the

masters step in and unmask the trick. The two girls are taught a most

useful lesson, but are saved from serious ill consequences.—Molière,

_Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659).

=Joe=. Sick boy, to whom his brother brings a bouquet he has begged for

him; and tells him of the country Joe has never seen.

“Flowers in Heaven? ’M— I s’pose so;

Dunno much about it, though;

Aint as fly as what I might be

On them topics, little Joe.

* * * * *

——Don’t you have no fear.

Heaven was made fur such as you is—

Joe! what makes you look so queer?

Here! wake up! Oh, don’t look that way!

Here’s yer flowers—you dropped ’em—Joey,

Oh, my God! can Joe be dead?”

David Law Proudfit, _Poor Little Joe_ (1883).

_Joe_, “the fat boy,” page in the family of Mr. Wardle. He has an

unlimited capacity for eating and sleeping.—C. Dickens, _The Pickwick

Papers_ (1836).

=Joe Gargery=, a smith. He was a fair man, with curls of flaxen hair on

each side of his smooth face, and with eyes of “such very undecided

blue, that they seemed to have got mixed with their own whites. He was a

mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish, dear fellow. A

Herculês in strength, and in weakness also.” He lived in terror of his

wife, but loved Pip, whom he brought up. His great word was

“meantersay.” Thus: “What I meantersay, if you come a-badgering me, come

out. Which I meantersay as sech, if you’re a man, come on. Which I

meantersay that what I say I meantersay and stand to it” (ch. xviii.).

His first wife was a shrew; but soon after her death he married Biddy, a

young woman wholly suited to him.

_Mrs. Joe Gargery_, the smith’s first wife; a “rampageous woman,” always

“on the ram-page.” By no means good-looking was Mrs. Joe, with her black

hair and fierce eyes, and prevailing redness of skin, looking as if “she

scrubbed herself with a nutmeg-grater instead of soap and flannel.” She

“was tall and bony, and wore a coarse apron fastened over her figure

behind with two loops, and having a square bib in front, stuck full of

needles and pins.” She brought up Pip, but made his home as wretched as

she could, always keeping a rod called “Tickler” ready for immediate

use. Mrs. Joe was a very clean woman, and cleanliness is next to

godliness; but Mrs. Joe had the art of making her cleanliness as

disagreeable to every one as many people do their godliness. She died

after a long illness.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=John=, a proverbially unhappy name for royalty.—See _Dictionary of

Phrase and Fable_, 461.

We shall see, however, that this poor king [_Robert II._] remained as

unfortunate as if his name had still been John [_He changed it from John

to Robert_].—Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 17.

_John_, a Franciscan friar.—Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).

_John_, the bastard brother of Don Pedro.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado about

Nothing_ (1600).

_John_, the driver of the Queen’s Ferry diligence.—Sir W. Scott, _The

Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

_John Andruss_. Clever fellow, but weak in principles, who becomes once

and again a tool in the hands of designing men and silly women, rallying

after each fall, to attempt a better life. Drowned at last in rescuing a

fellow-bather from the surf, the bather being the “Anna” of his early

idolatry, now the fat, ruddy wife of another man.—Rebecca Harding Davis,

_John Andruss_.

_John_ (_Don_), brother of Leonato, governor of Messina, whom he hates.

In order to torment the governor, Don John tries to mar the happiness of

his daughter Hero, who is about to be married to Lord Claudio. Don John

tells Claudio that his _fiancée_ has promised him a rendezvous by

moonlight, and if Claudio will hide in the garden, he may witness it.

The villain had bribed the waiting-woman of Hero to dress up in her

mistress’s clothes and to give him this interview. Claudio believes the

woman to be Hero, and when the bride appears at the altar next morning,

he rejects her with scorn. The truth, however, comes to light; Don John

takes himself to flight; and Hero is married to Lord Claudio, the man of

her choice.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).

I have seen the great Henderson [1747-1785].... His “Don John” is a

comic “Cato,” and his “Hamlet” a mixture of tragedy, comedy, pastoral,

farce, and nonsense.—David Garrick 1775.

_John_ (_Friar_), a tall, lean, wide-mouthed, long-nosed friar of

Seville, who despatched his matins and vigils quicker than any of his

fraternity. He swore like a trooper, and fought like a Trojan. When the

army from Lernê pillaged the convent vineyard, Friar John seized the

staff of a cross and pummelled the rogues without mercy, beating out

brains, smashing limbs, cracking ribs, gashing faces, breaking jaws,

dislocating joints, in the most approved Christian fashion, and never

was corn so mauled by the flail as were these pillagers by “the baton of

the cross.”—Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 27 (1533).

⁂ Of course, this is a satire of what are called Christian or religious

wars.

_John Humphreys_. Pious and priggish hero of _The Wide, Wide World_. He

is the brother of _Alice Humphreys_, the adopted sister of _Ellen

Montgomery_, the little heroine of the story. He trains and molds Ellen

from childhood, and finally marries her.—Susan Warner, _The Wide, Wide

World_ (1851).

_John_ (_King_), a tragedy by Shakespeare (1508). This drama is founded

on _The First and Second Parts of the Troublesome Raigne of John, King

of England, etc. As they were sundry times publickly acted by the

Queenes Majesties players in the Honourable Citie of London_ (1591).

In “Macbeth,” “Hamlet,” “Wolsey,” “Coriolanus,” and “King John,” he

[_Edmund Kean_, 1787-1833] never approached within any measurable

distance of the learned, philosophical, and majestic Kemble.—_Quarterly

Review_ (1835).

W.C. Macready [1793-1873], in the scene where he suggests to “Hubert”

the murder of “Arthur,” was masterly, and his representation of death by

poison, was true, forcible, and terrific.—Talfourd.

⁂ _Kynge Johan_, a drama of the transition state between the moralities

and tragedy. Of the historical persons introduced, we have King John,

Pope Innocent, Cardinal Pandulphus, Stephen Langton, etc.; and of

allegorical personages, we have Widowed Britannia, Imperial Majesty,

Nobility, Clergy, Civil Order, Treason, Verity, and Sedition. This play

was published in 1838 by the Camden Society, under the care of Mr.

Collier (about 1550).

_John_ (_Little_), one of the companions of Robin Hood.—Sir W. Scott,

_The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_John_ (_Prester_). According to Mandeville, Prester John was a lineal

descendant of Ogier, the Dane. This Ogier penetrated into the north of

India, with fifteen barons of his own country, among whom he divided the

land. John was made sovereign of Teneduc, and was called _Prester_,

because he converted the natives.

Another tradition says he had seventy kings for his vassals, and was

seen by his subjects only three times a year.

Marco Polo says that Prester John was the Khan Ung, who was slain in

battle by Jenghiz Khan, in 1202. He was converted by the Nestorians, and

his baptismal name was John. Gregory Bar-Hebræus says that God forsook

him because he had taken to himself a wife of the Zinish nation, called

Quarakhata.

Otto, of Freisingen, is the first author who makes mention of Prester

John. His chronicle is brought down to the year 1156, and in it we are

assured that this most mysterious personage was of the family of the

Magi, and ruled over the country of these Wise Men. “He used” (according

to Otto) “a sceptre made of emeralds.”

Bishop Jordānus, in his description of the world, sets down Abyssinia as

the kingdom of Prester John. At one time Abyssinia went by the name of

Middle India.

Maimonidês mentions Prester John, and calls him Preste-Cuan. The date of

Maimonidês is 1135-1204.

⁂ Before 1241 a letter was addressed by Prester John to Manuel

Comne´nus, emperor of Constantinople. It is to be found in the

_Chronicle_ of Albericus Trium Fontium, who gives the date as 1165.

In Ariosto’s _Orlando Furioso_, xvii., Prester John is called Sena´pus,

king of Ethiopia. He was blind. Though the richest monarch of the world,

he pined “in plenty with endless famine,” because harpies carried off

his food whenever the table was spread; but this plague was to cease

“when a stranger came to his kingdom on a flying horse.” Astolpho came

on a flying griffin, and with his magic horn chased the harpies into

Cocy´tus.

_John_ (_Prince_), son of Henry II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The

Betrothed_ (1825).

_John_ (_Prince_), brother of Richard I., introduced by Sir W. Scott in

_The Talisman_ (1825).

=John and the abbot of Canterbury=. King John, being jealous of the

state kept by the abbot of Canterbury, declared he should be put to

death unless he answered these three questions: (1) “How much am I

worth? (2) How long would it take me to ride round the world? (3) What

are my thoughts?” The king gave the abbot three weeks for his answers. A

shepherd undertook to disguise himself as the abbot, and to answer the

questions. To the first he said, “The king’s worth is twenty-nine pence,

for the Saviour Himself was sold for thirty pence, and his majesty is

mayhap a penny worse than He.” To the second question he answered, “If

you rise with the sun and ride with the sun, you will get round the

world in twenty-four hours.” To the third question he replied, “Your

majesty thinks me to be the abbot, but I am only his servant.”—Percy,

_Reliques_, II. iii. 6.

=John Blunt=, a person who prides himself on his brusqueness, and in

speaking unpleasant truths in the rudest manner possible. He not only

calls a spade a spade, but he does it in an offensive tone and manner.

=John Bull=, the national name for an Englishman, (See BULL).

=John Chinaman=, a Chinese.

=John Company=, the old East India Company.

In old times, John Company employed nearly 4000 men in warehouses.—_Old

and New London_, ii (185).

=John Grueby=, the honest, faithful servant of Lord George Gordon, who

wished “the blessed old creatur, named Bloody Mary, had never been

born.” He had the habit of looking “a long way off.” John loved his

master, but hated his religious craze.

“Between Bloody Marys, and blue cockades, and glorious Queen Besses, and

no poperys, and Protestant associations,” said Grueby to himself, “I

believe my lord’s half off his head.”—Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_, xxxvi.

=John of Bruges=, (1 _syl._) John Van Eyck, the Flemish painter

(1370-1441).

=John o’ Groat=, a Dutchman, who settled in the most northerly part of

Scotland, in the reign of James IV. He is immortalized by the way he

settled an open dispute among his nine sons respecting precedency. He

had nine doors made to his cottage, one for each son, and they sat at a

round table.

_From John o’ Groat’s house to the Land’s End_, from furthest north to

furthest south of the island, _i. e._ through its entire length.

=John of Hexham=, Johannes Hagustaldensis, a chronicler (twelfth

century).

=John of Leyden=, John Bockhold _or_ Boccold, a fanatic (1510-1536).

In the opera he is called “the prophet.” Being about to marry Bertha,

three anabaptists meet him, and observe in him a strong likeness to a

picture of David in Munster Cathedral. Having induced him to join the

rebels, they take Munster, and crown him “Ruler of Westphalia.” His

mother meets him while he is going in procession, but he disowns her;

subsequently, however, he visits her in prison, and is forgiven. When

the emperor arrives the anabaptists fall off, and John, setting fire to

the banquet-room of the palace, perishes with his mother in the

flames.—Meyerbeer, _Le Prophète_ (1849).

=John with the Leaden Sword=. The duke of Bedford, who acted as regent

for Henry VI. in France, was so called by Earl Douglas (surnamed

_Tine-man_).

=Johnny=, the infant son of Mrs. Betty Higden’s “daughter’s daughter.”

Mrs. Boffin wished to adopt the child, and to call him John Harmon, but

it died. During its illness, Bella Wilfer went to see it, and the child

murmured, “Who is the boofer lady?” The sick child was placed in the

Children’s Hospital, and, just at the moment of death, gave his toys to

a little boy with a broken leg in an adjoining bed, and sent “a kiss to

the boofer lady.”—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Johnny Crapaud=. A Frenchman was so called by English sailors in the

time of Napoleon I. The Flemings called the French “Crapaud Franchos.”

The allusion is to the toads borne in the ancient arms of France.

=John Ridd=, herculean hero of Exmoor, and lover of _Lorna Doone_. By

various exploits, he achieves knighthood, and marries Lorna.—R. D.

Blackmore, _Lorna Doone_.

=Johnson= (_Dr. Samuel_), lexicographer, essayist, and poet (1709-1784).

I own I like not Johnson’s turgid style,

That gives an inch th’ importance of a mile:

Casts of manure a wagon-load around,

To raise a simple daisy from the ground;

Uplifts the club of Hercules—for what?

To crush a butterfly or brain a gnat;

Creates a whirlwind from the earth, to draw

A goose’s feather or exalt a straw;

Bids ocean labor with tremendous roar,

To heave a cockle-shell upon the shore.

Alike in every theme his pompous art,

Heaven’s awful thunder or a rumbling cart.

Peter Pindar [Dr. John Wolcot] (1816).

=Johnstone= (_Auld Willie_), an old fisherman, father to Peggy, the

laundry-maid at Woodburne.

_Young Johnstone_, his son.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George

II.).

=Joliffe= (2 _syl._), footman to Lady Penfeather.—Sir W. Scott, _St.

Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

_Joliffe_ (_Joceline_), under-keeper of Woodstock Forest.—Sir W. Scott,

_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Joliquet= (_Bibo_), the _garçon_ of the White Lion Inn, held by Jerome

Lesurgues (2 _syl._).—Edward Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).

=Jollup= (_Sir Jacob_), father of Mrs. Jerry Sneak and Mrs. Bruin.

Jollup is the vulgar, pomposo landlord of Garratt, who insists on being

always addressed as “Sir Jacob.”

=Jolter=. In the agony of terror, on hearing the direction given to put

on the headlights in a storm off Calais, Smollett tells us that Jolter

went through the steps of a mathematical proposition with great fervor

instead of a prayer.

=Jonas=, the name given in _Absalom and Achitophel_, to Sir William

Jones, judge of the Irish Court of Common Pleas under James I. It is a

pun on the name.—Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681).

_Jonas_, “smart,” capable and somewhat priggish factotum of the Holliday

family. _Sui generis_ as regards learning, when one reflects that he

entered his employer’s service as a tramp. Equally remarkable as to

virtue. Rollo’s mentor; a New England _Harry Sandford_.—Jacob Abbott,

_The Rollo Books_.

=Jonathan=, a sleek old widower. He was a parish orphan, whom Sir

Benjamin Dove apprenticed, and then took into his family. When Jonathan

married, the knight gave him a farm, rent-free and well stocked. On the

death of his wife, he gave up the farm, and entered the knight’s service

as butler. Under the evil influence of Lady Dove, this old servant was

inclined to neglect his kind master; but Sir Benjamin soon showed him

that, although the lady was allowed to peck him, the servants were

not.—R. Cumberland, _The Brothers_ (1769).

_Jonathan_, one of the servants of General Harrison.—Sir W. Scott,

_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Jonathan_, an attendant on Lord Saville.—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the

Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

_Jonathan_ (_Brother_), a national nickname for an American of the

United States. In the Revolutionary war, Washington used to consult his

friend, Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, in all his

difficulties. “We must ask brother Jonathan,” was so often on his lips,

that the phrase became synonymous with the good genius of the States,

and was subsequently applied to the North Americans generally.

=Jones= (_Tom_), the hero of a novel by Fielding, called _The History of

Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1749). Tom Jones is a model of generosity,

openness, and manly spirit, mingled with thoughtless dissipation. With

all this, he is not to be admired; his reputation is flawed, he sponges

for a guinea, he cannot pay his landlady, and he lets out his honor to

hire.

_Jones_ (_Mrs._), the waiting-woman of Lady Penfeather.—Sir. W. Scott,

_St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Jonson= (_Ben_), the poet, introduced by Sir Walter Scott in his

_Woodstock_. Shakespeare is introduced in the same novel.

=Jopson= (_Jacob_), farmer at the village near Clifton.

_Cicely Jopson_, Jacob’s daughter. She marries Ned Williams.—Sir W.

Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Jordan= (_Mrs._), the actress, who lived with the duke of Clarence, was

Miss Dorothea Bland. She called herself Dora, first appeared in York as

Miss Francis, and changed her name at the request of an aunt who left

her a little property. When the change of name was debated between her

and the manager, Tate suggested “Mrs. Jordan,” and gave this very

pertinent reason:

“You have crossed the water,” said Tate, “so I’ll call you ‘Jordan.’”

=Jorkins=, the partner of Mr. Spenlow, in Doctor’s Commons. Mr. Jorkins

is really a retiring, soft-hearted man, but to clients he is referred to

by Spenlow as the stern martinet, whose consent will be most difficult

to obtain.—C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

=Jorworth-ap-Jevan=, envoy of Gwenwyn, prince of Powys-land.—Sir W.

Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Josaphat=, a young Indian prince, of whom it had been predicted that he

would embrace Christianity and become a devotee. His father tried to

seclude him from all knowledge of misery and evil, and to attach him

only to pleasurable pursuits. At length the young prince took three

drives, in one of which he saw Old Age, in another sickness, and in the

third Death. This had such an effect upon him that he became a hermit,

and at death was canonized both by the Eastern and Western

Churches.—Johannes Damascenus, _Balaam and Josaphat_ (eight century).

=Josceline= (_Sir_), an English knight and crusader in the army of

Richard I.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=José= (_Don_), father of Don Juan, and husband of Donna Inez. He was

henpecked and worried to death by his wife’s “proprieties.” To the world

they were “models of respectability,” but at home they were “cat and

dog.” Donna Inez tried to prove him mad, in order to obtain a divorce,

and “kept a journal where all his faults were noted.” “She witnessed his

agonies with great magnanimity;” but, while seeking a divorce, Don José

died.—Byron _Don Juan_, i. 26, 33 (1819).

=Joseph=, the old gardener at Shaw’s Castle.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s

Well_ (time, George III.).

_Joseph_, a Jew of the noblest type; with unbounded benevolence and most

excellent charity. He sets a splendid example of “Christian ethics” to

those who despised him for not believing the “Christian creed.” Joseph

the Jew was the good friend of the Christian minister of Mariendorpt.—S.

Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).

_Joseph Frowenfeld_, apothecary of German extraction, settled in

Louisiana, and patronized by the Grandissimes. “As hard to move as a cow

in the moonlight,” Dr. Keene says of him, “and knows just about as much

of the world.” Yet Dr. Keene trusts him where simple loyality and true

manliness are required, and it is a heart worth the keeping that

Professor Frowenfeld gives into the care of Clotilde Nuncanou.—George W.

Cable, _The Grandissimes_ (1880).

_Joseph_ (_A_), a young man not to be seduced from his continency by any

temptation. The reference is to Joseph in Potiphar’s house (_Gen._

xxxix.).

_Joseph_ (_St._) of Arimathe´a, said to have brought to Glastonbury in a

mystic vessel some of the blood which trickled from the wounds of Christ

at the Crucifixion, and some of the wine left at the Last Supper. This

vessel plays a very prominent part in the Arthurian legends.

Next holy Joseph came....

The Saviour of mankind in sepulchre that laid;

That to the Britons was th’ apostle. In his aid

St. Duvian, and with him St. Fagan, both which were

His scholars.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).

⁂ He also brought with him the spear of Longinus, the Roman soldier who

pierced the side of Jesus.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i.

40 (1470).

=Jos´ephine= (3 _syl._), wife of Werner, and mother of Ulric. Josephine

was the daughter of a decayed Italian exile of noble blood.—Byron,

_Werner_ (1822).

=Jos´ian=, daughter of the king of Armenia, and wife of Sir Bevis, of

Southampton. It was Josian who gave the hero his sword, “Morglay” and

his steed “Arundel.”—Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).

=Josse= (1 _syl._) a jeweller. Lucinde (2 _syl._), the daughter of

Sganarelle, pined and fell away, and the anxious father asked his

neighbors what they would advise him to do. Mon. Josse replied:

“Pour moi, je tiens que la braverie, que l’adjustement est la chose qui

réjouit le plus les filles; et si j’étoit que de vous, je lui achéterois

dès aujourd’ hui une belle garniture de diamants, ou de rubis, ou

d’émeraudes.”

Sgnarelle made answer:

“Vous êtes orfèvre, Monsieur Josse; et votre conseil sent son homme qui

a envie de se défaire de sa marchandise.”—Molière, _L’Amour Médicin_, i.

1 (1665).

_Vous êtes orfèvre, Mon Josse_ (“You are a jeweller, Mon. Josse, and are

not disinterested in your advice”). (See above).

=Jo´tham=, the person who uttered the parable of “The Trees choosing a

King,” when the men of Shechem made Abimelech king. In Dryden’s _Absalom

and Achitophel_, it stands for George Saville, marquis of Halifax.

Jotham, of piercing wit and pregnant thought,

Endued by nature, and by learning taught

To move assemblies ... turned the balance, too;

So much the weight of one brave man can do.

Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681).

=Jour, king of Mambrant=, the person who carried off Jos´ian, the wife

of Sir Bevis, of Southampton, his sword “Morglay,” and his steed

“Ar´undel.” Sir Bevis, disguised as a pilgrim, recovered all

three.—Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).

=Jourdain= (_Mons._), an elderly tradesman, who has suddenly fallen into

a large fortune, and wishes to educate himself up to his new position in

society. He employs masters of dancing, fencing, philology, and so on;

and the fun of the drama turns on the ridiculous remarks that he makes,

and the awkward figure he cuts as the pupil of these professors. One

remark is especially noted: he says he had been talking prose all his

life, and never knew it till his professor told him.—Molière, _Le

Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ (1870).

=Journalists=. Napoleon I. said:

A journalist is a grumbler, a censurer, a giver of advice, a regent of

sovereigns, a tutor of nations. Four hostile newspapers are more

formidable than a thousand bayonets.

=Jovian=, emperor of Rome, was bathing one day, when a person stole his

clothes, and passed himself off as the emperor. Jovian, naked and

ashamed, went to a knight, said he was emperor, and begged the loan of a

few garments for the nonce; but the knight called him an impostor, and

had him scourged from the gate. He next went to a duke, who was his

chief minister; but the duke had him confined, and fed on bread and

water as a vagrant and a madman. He then applied at the palace, but no

one recognized him there. Lastly, he went to his confessor, and humbled

himself, confessing his sins. The priest took him to the palace, and the

sham emperor proved to be an angel sent to reform the proud monarch. The

story says that Jovian thenceforth reigned with mercy and justice till

he died.—_Evenings with the Old Story-tellers_.

=Joyeuse= (2 _syl._), Charlemagne’s sword, which bore the inscription:

_Decem præceptorum custos Carŏlus_. It was buried with the king, as

Tizo´na (the Cid’s sword) was buried with the Cid.

=Joyeuse-Garde= or =Garde-Joyeuse=, the estate given by King Arthur to

Sir Launcelot du Lac, for defending the queen’s honor against Sir Mador.

Here Sir Launcelot was buried.

=Juan= (_Don_), a hero of the sixteenth century, a natural son of

Charles-quint, born at Ratisbonne, in 1545. He conquered the Moors of

Grana´da, won a great naval victory over the Turks at Lepanto, made

himself master of Tunis, and put down the insurgents of the Netherlands

(1545-1578).

This is the Don Juan of C. Delavigne’s drama entitled _Don Juan

d’Autriche_ (1835).

_Juan_ (_Don_), son of Don Louis Tenorio, of Sicily, a heartless _roué_.

His valet says of him:

“Tu vois en don Juan le plus grand scélérat que la terre ait jamais

porté, un enragé, un chien, un démon, un Turc, un hérétique qui ne croit

ni ciel, ni enfer, in diable, qui passe cette vie en véritable bête

brute, un pourceau d’Epicure, un vrai Sardanapale; qui ferme l’oreille à

toutes les remontrances qu’on lui peut faire, et traite de bille-vesées

tout ce que nous croyons.”—Molière, _Don Juan_, i. 1 (1665).

_Juan_ (_Don_), a native of Seville, son of Don Josê and Donna Inez (a

blue stocking). When Juan was 16 years old, he got into trouble with

Donna Julia, and was sent by his mother (then a widow) on his travels.

His adventures form the story of a poem so called; but the tale is left

incomplete.—Lord Byron, _Don Juan_ (1819-21).

_Juan_ (_Don_). The hero of Richard Mansfield’s play bearing this title,

is a gay youth, wild with the joys of liberty to which he is

unaccustomed; saucy, audacious and winning, bent upon getting for

himself all the pleasure life offers the young. He is tender,

inconstant, brave, chivalric, irresponsible, and gains dignity by dying

heroically (1891).

_Juan_ (_Don_), or Don Giovanni, the prince of libertines. The original

of this character was Don Juan Tenorio, of Seville, who attempted the

seduction of the governor’s daughter; and the father, forcing the

libertine to a duel, fell. A statue of the murdered father was erected

in the family vault; and one day when Don Juan forced his way into the

vault, he invited the statue to a banquet. The statue accordingly placed

itself at the board, to the amazement of the host, and, compelling the

libertine to follow, delivered him over to devils, who carried him off

triumphant.

Dramatized first by Gabriel Tellez (1626). Molière (1665) and Thomas

Corneille, in _Le Festin de Pierre_, both imitated from the Spanish

(1673), have made it the subject of French comedies; Goldoni (1765), of

an Italian comedy; Glück, of a musical ballet (1765); Mozart, of an

opera called _Don Giovanni_ (1787), a princely work.

=Juan Fernandez=, a rocky island in the Pacific Ocean, near the coast of

Chili. Here Alexander Selkirk, a buccaneer, resided in solitude for four

years. Defoe is supposed to have based his tale of _Robinson Crusoe_ on

the history of Alexander Selkirk.

⁂ Defoe places the island of his hero “on the _east coast_ of South

America,” somewhere near Dutch Guiana.

=Juba=, prince of Numidia, warmly attached to Cato while he lived at

Utica (in Africa), and passionately in love with Marcia, Cato’s

daughter. Sempro´nius, having disguised himself as Juba, was mistaken

for the Numidian prince by Marcia; and, being slain, she gave free vent

to her grief, thus betraying the state of her affection. Juba overheard

her, and as it would have been mere prudery to deny her love after this

display, she freely confessed it, and Juba took her as his betrothed and

future wife.—J. Addison, _Cato_ (1713).

=Jubal=, son of Lamech and Adah. The inventor of the lyre and

flute.—_Gen_. iv. 19-21.

Then when he [_Javan_] heard the voice of Jubal’s lyre,

Instinctive genius caught the ethereal fire.

J. Montgomery, _The World before the Flood_, i. (1812).

=Judas=, in pt. ii. of _Absalom and Architophel_, most of which was

written by Tate, is meant for Mr. Furgueson, a nonconformist, who joined

the duke of Monmouth, and afterwards betrayed him.

Shall that false Hebronite escape our curse—

Judas, that keeps the rebels’ pension-purse;

Judas, that pays the treason-writer’s fee;

Judas, that well deserves his namesake’s tree?

_Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).

=Judas Iscariot.= Klopstock says that Judas Iscariot had a heart formed

for every virtue, and was in youth unpolluted by crime, insomuch that

the Messiah thought him worthy of being one of the twelve. He, however,

was jealous of John, because Jesus loved him more than He loved the rest

of the apostles; and this hatred towards the beloved disciple made him

hate the lover of “the beloved.” Judas also feared (says Klopstock) that

John would have a higher post than himself in the kingdom, and perhaps

be made treasurer. The poet tells us that Judas betrayed Jesus under the

expectation that it would drive Him to establish His kingdom at once,

and rouse Him into action.—Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).

=Judith Hutter.= Handsome daughter of a frontier trapper, whose ruse of

arraying herself in a court-dress, heretofore kept as a curiosity, and,

resplendent in brocade and laces, passing herself off as an English

stranger of rank, would have effected the release of the prisoners but

for her weak-witted sister’s avowal of her identity. She has been a

favorite with more than one man, yet never loved until she knows

_Deerslayer_. Her offer to marry him is refused gently and simply, and

in shame she quits her accustomed haunts for what career we are left to

conjecture.—James Fennimore Cooper, _The Deerslayer_.

_Judith._ Child-heroine of Marion Harland’s novel of that name.

_Judith_, a beautiful Jewess of Bethu´lia, who assassinated Holofernês,

the general of Nebuchadnezzar, to save her native town. When Judith

showed the head of the general to her countrymen, they rushed on the

invading army, and put it to a complete rout.—_Judith_, one of the books

of the Apocrypha.

_Judith (Aunt)_, sister to Master George Heriot, the king’s

goldsmith.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Judy=, the wife of Punch. Master Punch, annoyed by the cries of the

baby, gives it a knock, which kills it, and, to conceal his crime from

his wife, throws the dead body out of the window. Judy comes to inquire

about the child, and, hearing of its death, upbraids her lord stoutly,

and tries on him the “reproof of blows.” This leads to a quarrel, in

which Judy is killed. The officers of justice, coming to arrest the

domestic tyrant, meet the same fate as his child and wife; but at last

the devil outwits him, he is hanged, and carried off to the place of all

evil-doers.

=Juel= (_Nils_), a celebrated Danish admiral, who received his training

under Tromp and De Ruyter. He defeated the Swedes in 1677 in several

engagements.

Nils Juel gave heed to the tempest’s roar ...

“Of Denmark’s Juel who can defy

The power?”

Longfellow, _King Christian_ [V.]

=Julet´ta=, the witty, sprightly attendant of Alinda.—Beaumont and

Fletcher, _The Pilgrim_ (1621).

=Julia=, a lady beloved by Proteus. Her waiting-woman is

Lucetta.—Shakespeare, _Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594).

_Julia_, the “ward” of Master Walter, “the hunchback.” She was brought

up by him most carefully in the country, and at a marriageable age was

betrothed to Sir Thomas Clifford. Being brought to London, she was

carried away in the vortex of fashion, and became the votary of pleasure

and dissipation, abandoned Clifford, and promised to marry the earl of

Rochdale. As the wedding day drew nigh, her love for Clifford returned,

and she implored her guardian to break off her promise of marriage to

the earl. Walter now showed himself to be the real earl of Rochdale, and

father of Julia. Her nuptials with the supposed earl fell to the ground,

and she became the wife of Sir Thomas Clifford.—S. Knowles, _The

Hunchback_ (1831).

_Julia_ (_Donna_), a lady of Sev´ille, of Moorish origin, a married

woman, “charming, chaste, and twenty-three.” Her eye was large and dark,

her hair glossy, her brow smooth, her cheek “all purple with the beam of

youth,” her husband 50, and his name Alfonso. Donna Julia loved a lad of

16, named Don Juan, “not wisely but too well,” for which she was

confined in a convent.—Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 59-188 (1819).

Tender and impassioned, but possessing neither information to occupy her

mind, nor good principles to regulate her conduct, Donna Julia is an

illustration of the women of Seville, “whose minds have but one idea,

and whose life business is intrigue.” The slave of every impulse ... she

now prostrates herself before the altar of the Virgin, making the

noblest efforts “for honor, pride, religion, virtue’s sake,” and then,

“in the full security of innocence,” she seeks temptation, and finds

retreat impossible.—Finden, _Byron Beauties._

=Julia Dodd.= English girl in love with _Alfred Hardie_, her brother’s

college mate. Alfred is abducted on the eve of their wedding-day, by

order of his father, who has his own reasons for opposing the match.

Julia goes to the church to meet him, and returns home unmarried. After

many and curious _contretemps_ and some disasters, the young couple are

re-united.—Charles Reade, _Very Hard Cash_.

=Julia Melville=, a ward of Sir Anthony Absolute; in love with

Faulkland, who saved her life when she was thrown into the water by the

upsetting of a boat.—Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).

=Julian= (_Count_), a powerful lord of the Spanish Goths. When his

daughter Florinda was violated by King Roderick, the count was so

indignant that he invited over the Moors to come and push Roderick from

the throne, and even turned renegade the better to effect his purpose.

The Moors succeeded, but condemned Count Julian to death, “to punish

treachery, and prevent worse ill.” Julian, before he died, sent for

“Father Maccabee,” and said:

“I would fain

Die in the faith wherein my fathers died.

I feel that I have sinned, and from my soul

Renounce the impostor’s faith, which in my soul

No place obtained.”

Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxiv. (1814).

_Julian_ (_St._), patron saint of hospitality. An epicure, a man of

hospitality.

An householder and that a gret was he;

Seint Julian he was in his countré.

Chaucer, _Introduction to Canterbury Tales_ (1388).

=Julian St. Pierre=, the brother of Mariana (_q. v._).—S. Knowles, _The

Wife_ (1833).

=Juliana=, eldest daughter of Balthazar. A proud, arrogant, overbearing

“Katharine,” who marries the duke of Aranza, and intends to be lady

paramount. The duke takes her to a poor hut, which he calls his home,

gives her the household duties to perform, and pretends to be a

day-laborer. She chafes for a time; but his manliness, affection, and

firmness, get the mastery; and when he sees that she loves him for

himself, he announces the fact that after all he is the duke, and she

the duchess of Aranza.—J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).

=Ju´liance=, a giant.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 98

(1470).

=Julian West.= Young man, who, after a sleep of years, awakens to the

new order of things depicted in _Looking Backward_.—Edward Bellamy.

=Julie= (_2 syl._), the heroine of Molière’s comedy entitled _Mons. de

Pourceaugnac_ (1669).

_Julie_ (_2 syl._), the heroine of J. J. Rousseau’s novel entitled

_Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse_ (1760). The prototype was the Comtesse

d’Houdetot. Julie had a pale complexion, a graceful figure, a profusion

of light brown hair, and her near-sightedness gave her “a charming

mixture of _gaucherie_ and grace.” Rousseau went every morning to meet

her, that he might receive of her that single kiss with which

Frenchwomen salute a friend. One day, when Rousseau told her that she

might innocently love others besides her husband, she näively replied,

“Je pourrais done aimer mon pauvre St. Lambert.” Lord Byron has made her

familiar to English readers.

His love was passion’s essence ...

This breathed itself to life in Julie; this

Invested her with all that’s wild and sweet;

This hallowed, too, the memorable kiss

Which every morn his fevered lip would greet

From her’s, who but with friendship his would meet.

Byron, _Childe Harold_, iii. 79 (1816).

=Julie de Mortemar=, an orphan, ward of Richelieu, and loved by King

Louis XIII., Count Baradas, and Adrien de Mauprat, the last of whom she

married. After many hair-breadth escapes and many a heart-ache, the king

allowed the union, and blessed the happy pair.—Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_

(1839).

=Ju´liet=, daughter of Lady Cap´ulet, of Verona, in love with Ro´meo,

son of Montague (_3 syl._), a rival house. As the parents could not be

brought to sanction the alliance, the whole intercourse was clandestine,

as was their marriage. In order to prevent the threatened marriage with

Count Paris, by the advice of Friar Laurence she took a sleeping

draught, and was carried to the family vault. The intention was that on

waking, she should elope with Romeo; but Romeo, seeing her in the vault,

killed himself from grief; and when Juliet awoke and found Romeo dead,

she killed herself also.—Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).

C.H. Wilson says of Mrs. Baddeley (1742-1780) that her “‘Juliet’ was

never surpassed.” W. Donaldson, in his _Recollections,_ says that “Miss

O’Neill made her first appearance in Covent Garden Theatre in 1815 as

‘Juliet,’ and never was such an impression made before by any actress

whatsoever.” Miss Fanny Kemble and Miss Helen Faucit were both excellent

in the same character. The youngest Juliet was Miss Rosa Kenney (under

18), who made her _dêbut_ in this character at Drury Lane, in 1879.

The doating fondness and silly peevishness of the nurse tends to relieve

the soft and affectionate character of “Juliet,” and to place her before

the audience in a point of view which those who have seen Miss O’Neill

perform “Juliet,” know how to appreciate.—Sir W. Scott, _The Drama_.

_Juliet_, the lady beloved by Claudio, brother of Isabella.—Shakespeare,

_Measure for Measure_ (1603).

=Ju´lio=, a noble gentleman, in love with Lelia, a wanton

widow.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613).

=Julio of Harancour=, “the deaf and dumb” boy, ward of Darlemont, who

gets possession of Julio’s inheritance and abandons him in the streets

of Paris. Julio is rescued by the Abbé De l’Epée, who brings him up, and

gives him the name of Theodore. Julio grows up a noble-minded and

intelligent young man, is recognized by the Franval family, and

Darlemont confesses that “the deaf and dumb” boy is the count of

Harancour.—Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).

=Julius= (_St._) a British martyr of Caerleon or the City of Legions

(_Newport_, in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by Maximia´nus

Herculius, general of the army of Diocle´tian, in Britain. Two churches

were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St Julius, and one

in honor of St. Aaron, his fellow-martyr.

... two other ... sealed their doctrine with their blood;

St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their room.

At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian’s doom,

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv (1622).

=Jumps= (_Jemmy_), in _The Farmer_. One of the famous parts of Jos.

Munden (1758-1832).

=June.=

“Under some old apple-tree

Jes’ a-restin’ through and through,

I could git along without

Nothin’ else at all to do,

Only jest a wishin’ you

Was a-gitten’ there like me,

And June was Eternity?”

James Whitcomb, _Knee-deep in June_ (1888).

_June._

“What is so rare as a day in June?

Then, if ever come perfect days;

Then Heaven tries the earth if it be in tune,

And over it softly her warm ear lays.”

James Russell Lowell, _The Vision of Sir Launfal_.

=Juno’s Birds.= Juno is represented in works of art as drawn through

fields of air by a pair of peacocks harnessed to her chariot.

=Jupe= (_Signor_), clown in Sleary’s circus, passionately attached to

his daughter Cecilia. Signor Jupe leaves the circus suddenly, because he

is hissed, and is never heard of more.

_Cecilia Jupe_, daughter of the clown. After the mysterious

disappearance of her father, she is adopted and educated by Thomas

Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=Just= (_The_).

ARISTI´DES, the Athenian (died B.C. 468).

BA´HARAM, called _Shah endeb_ (“the just king”). He was the fifth of the

Sassan´idês (276-296).

CASSIMIR II. of Poland (1117, 1177-1194).

FERDINAND I. of Arragon (1373, 1412-1416).

HAROUN-AL-RASCHID (“_the just_”), the greatest of the Abbasside caliphs

(765, 786-808).

JAMES II. of Arragon (1261, 1285-1326).

KHOSRU or CHOSROES I., called by the Arabs _Molk al Adel_ (“the just

king”). He was the twenty-first of the Sassanidês (*, 531-579).

MORAN, counsellor of Feredach, an early king of Ireland.

PEDRO I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).

=Justin´ian= (_The English_), Edward I. (1239, 1272-1307).

=Ju´venal= (_The English_), John Oldham (1653-1683.)

_Juvenal (The Young)_. [Dr.] Thomas Lodge is so called by Robert Green

(1555-1625).—_A Groat’sworth of Wit, bought with a Million of

Repentance_.

=Ju´venal of Painters= (_The_), William Hogarth (1697-1794).

=J’y suis et j’y reste= (“Here am I placed, and here I mean to remain”).

This was said by Marshal de MacMahon, and shows the character of the

marshal-president of the French better than a volume (1877). But he

resigned in 1879.

=Kail=, a prince of Ad, sent to Mecca to pray for rain. Three clouds

appeared, a white one, a red one, and a black one, and Kail was bidden

to make his choice. He chose the last, but when the cloud burst, instead

of rain it cast out lightning, which killed him.—Sale, _Al Korân_, vii.

note.

=Kail´yal= (_2 syl._), the lovely and holy daughter of Ladur´lad,

persecuted relentlessly by Ar´valan; but virtue and chastity, in the

person of Kailyal, always triumphed over sin and lust. When Arvalan “in

the flesh” attemped to dishonor Kailyal, he was slain by Ladurlad; but

he then continued his attacks “out of the flesh.” Thus, when Kailyal was

taken to the Bower of Bliss by a benevolent spirit, Arvalan borrowed the

dragon-car of the witch Lor´rimite (_3 syl._) to drag him thence; the

dragons, however, unable to mount to paradise, landed him in a region of

thick-ribbed ice. Again, Kailyal, being obliged to quit the Bower, was

made the bride of Jaga-naut, and when Arvalan presented himself before

her again, she set fire to the pagoda, and was carried from the flames

by her father, who was charmed from fire as well as water. Lastly, while

waiting for her father’s return from the submerged city, whither he had

gone to release Ereen´ia (_3 syl._), Arvalan once more appeared, but was

seized by Baly, the governor of hell, and cast into the bottomless pit.

Having descended to hell, Kailyal quaffed the water of immortality, and

was taken by Ereenia to his Bower of Bliss, to dwell with him forever in

endless joy.—Southey, _Curse of Kehama_ (1809).

=Kaimes= (_Lord_), one of the two judges in Peter Peebles’s lawsuit.—Sir

W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Kalas´rade= (_3 syl._), the virtuous wife of Sadak, persecuted by the

Sultan Am´urath. (See Sadak).—Ridley, _Tales of the Genii_, xi. (1751).

=Kaled=, Gulnare (_2 syl._), disguised as a page, in the service of

Lara. After Lara is shot, she haunts the spot of his death as a crazed

woman, and dies at length of a broken heart.

Light was _his_ form, and darkly delicate

That brow whereon _his_ native sun had sate ...

And the wild sparkle of _his_ eye seemed caught

From high, and lightened with electric thought;

Tho’ its black orb those long low lashes’ fringe

Had tempered with a melancholy tinge.

Byron, _Lara_ (1814).

=Kalemberg= (_The curé of_), a _recueil_ of facetiæ. The escapades of a

young student made a chaplain in the Austrian court. He sets at defiance

and torments every one he encounters, and ends in being court fool to

Otho the Gay, grandson of Rudolf of Hapsburg.—_German Poem_ (fifteenth

century).

=Kalyb=, “the Lady of the Woods,” who stole St. George from his nurse,

brought him up as her own child, and endowed him with gifts. St. George

enclosed her in a rock, where she was torn to pieces by spirits.

Johnson.—_Seven Champions of Christendom_, i. (1617).

=Kâ´ma=, the Hindû god of love. He rides on a sparrow, the symbol of

lust; holds in his hand a bow of sugar-cane strung with bees; and has

five arrows, one for each of the five senses.

=Kanchen.= In _Overland through Asia_ Thomas Wallace Knox gives a

thrilling story of a wolf-hunt with his host, Kanchen. Ivan, a servant,

attended them, and a live pig was fastened to the back of the sledge as

a bait. Instead of a single wolf a large pack was drawn by the squealing

of the pig, which was cut loose and left in the road by Kanchen’s order.

The race for life was interrupted by an upset that threw the servant

out. Kanchen and his guest kept hold of the sledge and left him to his

fate. It was the only hope of life. The master’s hair turned gray that

night, and he lived ever afterward in seclusion (1870).

=Karûn=, son of Yeshar and Izhar, uncle of Moses, the most beautiful and

wealthy of all the Israelites.

_Riches of Karûn_, an Arabic and Jewish proverb. The Jews say that Karûn

had a large palace, the doors of which were of solid gold.—Sale,

_Korân_, xxviii.

⁂ This Karûn is the Korah of the Pentateuch.

=Kate= [PLOWDEN], niece of Colonel Howard of New York, in love with

Lieutenant Barnstable, of the British navy, but promised by the colonel

in marriage to Captain Boroughcliff, a vulgar, conceited Yankee.

Ultimately, it is discovered that Barnstable is the colonel’s son, and

the marriage is arranged amicably between Barnstable and Kate.—E.

Fitzball, _The Pilot_.

_Kate Lancaster._ Charming hostess of the Brandon house, a legacy from

her name-aunt. She chooses her dearest girl friend for her companion,

and the two go down from Boston to spend the summer in the seaside

town.—Sara Orne Jewett, _Deephaven_ (1877).

=Kath´arina=, the elder daughter of Baptista, of Padua. She was of such

an ungovernable spirit and fiery temper, that she was nicknamed “The

Shrew.” As it was very unlikely any gentleman would select such a

spitfire for his wife, Baptista made a vow that his younger daughter,

Bianca, should not be allowed to marry before her sister. Petruchio

married Katharina and tamed her into a most submissive wife, insomuch

that when she visited her father a bet was made by Petruchio and two

other bridegrooms on their three brides. First Lucentio sent a servant

to Bianca to desire her to come into the room; but Bianca sent word that

she was busy. Hortensio next sent the servant “to entreat” his bride to

come to him; but she replied that Hortensio had better come to her if he

wanted her. Petruchio said to the servant, “Tell your mistress I command

her to come to me at once;” she came at once, and Petruchio won the

bet.—Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

=Katharine=, a lady in attendance on the princess of France. Dumain, a

young lord in the suite of Ferdinand, king of Navarre, asks her hand in

marriage, and she replies:

A twelvemonth and a day

I’ll mark no words that smooth-faced wooers say.

Come then ...

And if I have much love, I’ll give you some.

Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_ (1594).

_Katharine_ (_Queen)_, the divorced wife of Henry VIII. Shakespeare,

_Henry VIII._ (1601).

The following actresses are celebrated for their impersonations of this

character:—Mrs. Pritchard (1711-1768); Margaret [Peg] Woffington

(1718-1760); Mrs. Siddons (1755-1831); Mrs. Barley (1785-1850).

=Katharine de Medici of China=, Voochee, widow of King Tae-tsông. She

was most imperious and cruel, but her energy was irresistible (684-705).

=Katin´ka=, a Georgian, “white and red, with great blue eyes, a lovely

hand and arm, and feet so small they scarce seemed made to tread, but

rather skim the earth.” She was one of the three beauties of the harem,

into which Don Juan was admitted in female disguise. The other two were

Lolah and Dudù.—Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 40, 41 (1824).

=Katmîr´=, the dog of the seven sleepers. It spoke with a human voice,

and said to the young men who wanted to drive it out of the cave, “I

love those who love God. Go to sleep, masters, and I will keep guard.”

The dog kept guard over them for 309 years, and neither slept nor ate.

At death it was taken up into paradise.—Sale, _Al Korân_, xviii. notes.

⁂ Katmîr, in the _Oriental Tales_, is called “Catnier.”

_He wouldn’t give a bone to Katmîr_, or _He wouldn’t throw a bone to the

dog of the seven sleepers_, an Arabic proverb, applied to a very

niggardly man.

=Kay= (_Sir_), son of Sir Ector, and foster-brother of Prince Arthur,

who made him his seneschal or steward. Sir Kay was ill-tempered,

mean-spirited, boastful, and overbearing. He had not strength of mind

enough to be a villain like Hagen, nor strength of passion enough to be

a traitor like Ganelon and Mordred; but he could detract and calumniate,

could be envious and spiteful, could annoy and irritate. His wit

consisted in giving nicknames: Thus he called young Gareth “Big

Hands”(_Beaumains_), “because his hands were the largest that ever

anyone had seen.” He called Sir Brewnor “The Shocking Bad Coat”(_La Cote

Male-tailé_), because his doublet fitted him so badly, and was full of

sword-cuts.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 4, 120,

etc. (1470). (See KEY).

=Kayward=, the name of the hare in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_

(1498).

=Kecksey=, a wheezy old wittol, who pretends to like a termagant wife

who can flirt with other men—ugh, ugh!—he loves high spirits—ugh,

ugh!—and to see his wife—ugh, ugh! happy and scampering about—ugh,

ugh!—to theatres and balls—ugh, ugh!—he likes to hear her laugh—ugh,

ugh!—and enjoy herself—ugh, ugh! Oh! this troublesome cough!—ugh,

ugh!—Garrick, _The Irish Widow_ (1757).

=Ke´derli=, the St. George of Mohammedan mythology. Like St. George, he

slew a monstrous dragon to save a damsel exposed to its fury, and,

having drunk of the water of life, rode through the world to aid those

who were oppressed.

=Keelavine= (_Mr._), a painter at the Spa hotel—Sir W. Scott, _St.

Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Keenan’s Charge= at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, where part of a

cavalry regiment, barely 300 in number, held 10,000 men in check until

the last cavalry man fell, deserves to rank with the Charge of the Six

Hundred, and the fight at Thermopylæ.

It is the theme of a poem by George Parsons Lathrop.

“As Keenan fought with his men side by side,

So they rode ’till there were no more to ride,

But over them lying-there, shattered and mute

What deep echo rolls? ’Tis a death salute

From the cannon in place; for heroes ye braved

Your fate not in vain; the army was saved.”

_Keenan’s Charge_ (1881).

=Keene= (_Abel_), a village schoolmaster, afterwards a merchant’s clerk.

Being led astray, he lost his place and hanged himself.—Crabbe,

_Borough_, xxi. (1810).

=Keepers=, of Piers Plowman’s visions, the Malvern Hills. Piers Plowman

(W. or R. Langland, 1362) supposes himself fallen asleep on the Malvern

Hills, and in his dream he sees various visions of an allegorical

character pass before him. These “visions” he put into poetry, the whole

containing 15,000 verses, divided into twenty parts, each part being

called a _passus_ or separate vision.

Keepers of Piers Plowman’s vision, thro’ the sunshine and the snow.

Mrs. Browning, _The Lost Bower_.

=Keha´ma=, the almighty rajah of earth, and all-powerful in Swerga, or

heaven. After a long tyranny, he went to Pan´dalon (_hell_) to claim

domination there also. Kehama demanded why the throne of Yamen (or

Pluto) was supported by only three persons, and was told that he himself

must be the fourth. He paid no heed to this prophecy, but commanded the

amreeta-cup or draught of immortality to be brought to him, that he

might quaff it and reign forever. Now there are two immortalities: the

immortality of life for the good, and the immortality of death for the

wicked. When Kehama drank the amreeta, he drank immortal death, and was

forced to bend his proud neck beneath the throne of Yamen, to become the

fourth supporter.—Southey, _Curse of Kehama_ (1809).

⁂ Ladurlad was the person subjected to the “curse of Kehama,” and under

that name the story will be found.

=Keltie= (_Old_), innkeeper at Kinross.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time,

Elizabeth).

=Kempfer-Hausen=, Robert Pearce Gillies, one of the speakers in the

“Noctês Ambrosianæ.”—_Blackwood’s Magazine._

=Kendah=, an Arabian tribe, which used to bury alive their female

children as soon as they were born. The _Korân_ refers to them in ch.

vi.

=Kenge= (1 _syl._), of the firm of Kenge and Carboy, Lincoln’s Inn,

generally called “Conversation Kenge,” loving above all things to hear

“the dulcet tones of his own voice.” The firm is engaged on the side of

Mr Jarndyce, in the great Chancery suit of “Jarndyce _v._ Jarndyce.”—C.

Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Kenelm= (_St._) was murdered at Clente-in-Cowbage, near Winchelcumb, in

Gloucestershire; but the murder “was miraculously notified at Rome by a

white dove,” which alighted on the altar of St. Peter’s, bearing in his

beak a scroll with these words:

In Clent cow-pasture under a thorn,

Of head bereft, lies Kenelm king-born.

Roger de Wendover, _Chronicles_ (died 1237).

=Kenilworth=, a novel by Sir W. Scott (1821). For interest it comes next

to _Ivanhoe_, and the portrait of Queen Elizabeth is life-like and

correct. That of Queen Mary is given in _The Abbot_. The novel is full

of courtly gaieties and splendor, but contains the unhappy tale of the

beautiful Amy Robsart, which cannot fail to excite our sympathy and

pity.

=Kenna=, daughter of King Obĕron, who fell in love with Albion, son of

the island king. Obĕron drove the prince from his empire, and when

Albion made war on the fairy king, he was slain. Kenna then poured the

juice of mōly over him, and the dead body was converted into a snowdrop.

According to this fable, “Kensington Gardens” is a corruption of

Kenna’s-town-garden.—Tickell, _Kensington Garden_ (died 1740).

=Kennedy= (_Frank_), an excise officer, who shows Mr. G. Godfrey

Bertram, the laird of Ellangowan (magistrate), the smuggler’s vessel

chased by a war sloop. The smugglers afterwards murder him.—Sir W.

Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Kenneth= (_Sir_), “Knight of the Leoppard,” a disguise assumed by

David, earl of Huntingdon, prince royal of Scotland.—Sir W. Scott, _The

Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Kenneth= (=Kincaid=), promising architect, with his way to make in the

world. He marries pretty, engaging _Rosamond Holabird_.—A.D.T. Whitney,

_The Other Girls_.

=Kenrick= (_Felix_), the old foster-father of Caroline Dormer. His wife

Judith was her nurse. Kenrick, an Irishman, clings to his mistress in

all her misfortunes, and proves himself a most attached, disinterested,

and faithful old servant.—G. Colman, _The Heir-at-Law_ (1797).

=Kensington=, according to Tickell’s fables, is so called from the fairy

Kenna, daughter of King Obĕron. The tale is that Prince Albion was

stolen by Milkah, the fairy, and carried to Kensington. When 19 years

old, he fell in love with Kenna; but Obĕron was so angry at this

engagement, that he drove Albion out of the garden, and compelled Kenna

to marry Azuriel, a fairy from Holland Park. Albion laid his complaint

before Neptune, who sent Oriel with a fairy army against Oberon. In this

battle Albion was slain, and Neptune, in revenge, utterly destroyed the

whole empire. The fairies, being dispersed, betook themselves to the

hills and dales, the caves and mines. Kenna poured juice of the herb

mōly over the dead body of Albion, and the unhappy prince was changed

thus into a snowdrop.—Tickell, _Kensington Garden_ (died 1740).

=Kent.= According to fable, Kent is so called from Can´ute, one of the

companions of Brute the Trojan wanderer, who, according to Geoffrey’s

_British History_, settled in England, and founded a dynasty of kings.

Canute had that part of the island assigned to him which was called

Canutium, contracted into Can´tium, and again into Cant or Kent.

But Canute had his portion from the rest,

The which he called Canutium, for his hire,

New Cantium, which Kent we commonly inquire.

Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, II. x. 12 (1590).

_Kent_ (_earl of_), under the assumed name of Caius, attended upon the

old King Lear, when his two elder daughters refused to entertain him

with his suite. He afterwards took him to Dover Castle. When the old

king was dying, he could not be made to understand how Caius and Kent

could be the same person.—Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).

_Kent_ (_The Fair Maid of_), Joan, only daughter of Edmund Plantaganet,

earl of Kent. She married thrice: (1) William de Montacute, earl of

Salisbury, from whom she was divorced; (2) Sir Thomas Holland; and (3)

her second cousin, Edward, the Black Prince, by whom she became the

mother of Richard II.

_Kent_ (_Margaret_), a handsome, proud woman, whose husband deserts her

and lives in South America with a mistress, leaving her to support

herself and child. He comes back poor and not penitent, and she

considers it her duty to live with and to support him, although while

she was believed by most of her acquaintances to be a widow she was

beloved and wooed by Dr. Walton, a man worthy of her.

_Robert Kent_, the husband, is a queer compound of fascinating and

repulsive traits. He takes his wife’s hard-earned money as his due, and

cajoles his little girl into giving “poor papa” the contents of her

savings bank.—Ellen Olney Kirke, _The Story of Margaret Kent_ (1886.).

=Kenwigs= (_Mr._), a turner in ivory, and “a monstrous genteel man.” He

toadies Mr. Lillyvick, his wife’s uncle, from whom he has

“expectations.”

_Mrs. Kenwigs_, wife of the above, considered “quite a lady,” as she has

an uncle who collects the water-rates, and sends her daughter Morleena

to a day school.

_The Misses Kenwigs_, pupils of Nicholas Nickleby, remarkable for

wearing their hair in long braided tails down their backs, the ends

being tied with bright ribbons.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

=Kera Kahn=, a gallant and generous Tartar chief in a war between the

Poles and the Tartans.—J. P. Kemble, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Kerns=, light-armed Irish foot-soldiers. The word (_Kigheyren_) means

“a hell shower;” so called because they were hellrakes or the “devil’s

black-guard.” (See GALLOWGLASSES).—Stanihurst, _Description of Ireland_,

viii. 28.

=Kesche´tiouch=, the shepherd who joined the six Greek slaves of

Ephesus, and was one of the “seven sleepers.”

_Keschetiouch’s Dog_, Catnier, called by Sale, in his notes to the

_Korân_, “Katmîr.”—Comte de Caylus, _Oriental Tales_ (“History of

Dakinos,” 1743).

=Kettledrummle= (_Gabriel_), a covenanter preacher.—Sir W. Scott, _Old

Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Kevin= (_St._), a young man who went to live on a solitary rock at

Glendalough, in Wicklow. This he did to flee from Kath´leen, who loved

him, and whose eyes he feared his heart would not be able to resist.

Kathleen tracked him, and while he slept “bent over him;” but, starting

from his sleep, the “holy man” cast the girl from the rock into the sea,

which her ghost haunted amidst the sounds of sweet music.—T. Moore,

_Irish Melodies_, iv. (“By that Lake....” 1814).

=Kew= (_Mrs._), wife of the lighthouse keeper at _Deephaven_.—Sara Orne

Jewett, _Deephaven_ (1877).

=Key= (_Sir_), son of Sir Ector, the foster-father of Prince Arthur. He

was Arthur’s seneschal, and is represented as rude and boastful. Sir

Gaw´ain is the type of courtesy, Sir Launcelot of chivalry, Sir Mordred

of treachery, Sir Galahad of chastity, Sir Mark of cowardice. (See KAY.)

=Keyne= [_Keen_] or ST. KEYNA, daughter of Braga´nus, prince of

Garthmatrin or Brecon, called “Keyna, the Virgin.” Her sister Melaria

was the mother of St. David. Many nobles sought her in marriage, but she

refused them all, being resolved to live and die a virgin. She retired

to a spot near the Severn, which abounded with serpents, but at her

prayer they were all turned into _Ammonites_, and “abide to this day.”

Subsequently she removed to Mount St. Michael, and by her prayer a

spring of healing waters burst out of the earth, and whoever drinks

first of this water after marriage will become the dominant house-power.

“Now,” says Southey, “a Cornishman took his bride to church, and the

moment the ring was on ran up to the mount to drink of the mystic water.

Down he came in full glee to tell his bride; but the bride said, ‘My

good man, I brought a bottle of the water to church with me, and drank

of it before you started.’”—Southey, _The Well of St. Keyne_ (1798).

=Khadijah=, daughter of Khowailed; Mahomet’s first wife, and one of the

four perfect women. There other three are Fatima, the prophet’s

daughter; Mary, daughter of Imrân; and Asia, wife of the Pharaoh who was

drowned in the Red Sea.

=Khawla=, one of the sorceresses in the caves of Dom-Daniel, “under the

roots of the ocean.” She is called “the woman-fiend,” “fiercest of the

enchanter brood.” She had heard that one of the race of Hodei´rah (3

_syl._) would be their destruction, so Okba was sent forth to cut off

the whole race. He succeeded in killing eight, but one named Thal´aba

escaped. Abdaldar was chosen to hunt him up and kill him. He found the

boy in an Arab’s tent, and raised the dagger, but ere the blow fell, the

murderer himself was killed by the death-angel.—Southey, _Thalaba, the

Destroyer_ (1797).

=Khid´ir= or CHIDDER, the tutelary god of voyagers; his brother Elias is

the tutelary god of travellers. The two brothers meet once a year at

Mina, near Mecca.—Mouradgea d’Ohsson, _History of the Ottoman Empire_

(1821).

=Khorassan= (_The Veiled Prophet of_), Mokanna, a prophet-chief, who

wore a veil under pretence of shading the dazzling light of his

countenance. The truth is, he had lost an eye, and his face was

otherwise disfigured in battle. Mokanna assumed to be a god, and

maintained that he had been Adam, Noah, and other representative men.

When the Sultan Mahadi environed him so that escape was impossible, the

prophet poisoned all his followers at a banquet, and then threw himself

into a burning acid, which wholly consumed his body.—T. Moore, _Lalla

Rookh_ (“The Veiled Prophet, etc.,” 1817).

=Kifri=, a giant and enchanter, the impersonation of atheism and

blasphemy. After some frightful blasphemies, he hurls into the air a

huge rock, which falls on himself and kills him, “for self-murderers are

generally infidels or atheists.”—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of

the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

=Kildare= (2 _syl._), famous for the fire of St. Bridget, which was

never allowed to go out. St. Bridget returns every twentieth year to

tend to the fire herself. Part of the chapel of St. Bridget still

remains, and is called “The Fire-house.”

Like the bright lamp that shone in Kildare’s holy fane,

And burned through long ages of darkness and storm.

T.Moore, _Irish Melodies_, iii. (“Erin, O Erin!” 1814).

Apud Kildariam occurrit ignis Sanctæ Brigidæ quern inextinguebilem

vocant.—Giraldus Cambrensis, _Hibernia_, ii. 34 (1187).

=Kilderkin= (_Ned_), keeper of an eating-house at Greenwich.—Sir W.

Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Kilian= (_St._), an Irish missionary who suffered martyrdom at

Würzburg, in 689. A cathedral was erected to his memory in the eighth

century.

=Kilian of Kersberg=, the squire of Sir Archibald von Hagenbach.—Sir W.

Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Killing no Murder.= Carpentier de Marigny, the enemy of Mazarin,

issued, in 1658, a tract entitled _Tuer un Tyran n’est par un Crime_.

Sexby wrote a tract entitled _Killing no Murder_, generally thought to

have been the production of William Allan. The object of the book was to

show that it would be no crime to murder Cromwell.

=Kilmansegg= (_Miss_), an heiress with great expectations, and an

artificial leg of solid gold.—Thomas Hood, _A Golden Legend_ (1828).

=King=, a title of sovereignty or honor. At one time, crown tenants were

called kings or dukes, at the option of the sovereign; thus, Frederick

_Barbarossa_ made one of his brothers a king-vassal, and another a

duke-vassal, simply by the investiture of a sword. In English history,

the lord of Man was styled “king;” so was the lord of the Isle of Wight,

and the lord of Connaught, as clearly appears in the grants of John and

Henry III. Several examples might be quoted of earls conferring the

title of “king” on their vassals.—See Selden’s _Titles of Honor_, iii.

(1614).

_King_ (_Arthur_). See ARTHUR.

_King_ (_Like a_). When Porus, the Indian prince, was taken prisoner,

Alexander asked him how he expected to be treated. “Like a king,” he

replied; and Alexander made him his friend.

_King_ (_The Factory_), Richard Oastler, of Bradford, the successful

advocate of the “Ten Hours Bill” (1789-1861).

_King_ (_The Railway_), George Hudson; so called by the Rev. Sydney

Smith (1800-1871).

_King_ (_The Red_), the king of Persia; so called from his red turban.

Credo ut Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis _Rubeum Caput_

vocant, ita reges Moscoviæ, propter alba tegumenta _Albos Reges_

appellari.—Sigismund.

_King_ (_The Snow_), Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, killed in the “Thirty

Years’ War” at the battle of Lützen, 1632.

In Vienna he was called “The Snow King” in derision. Like a snow-ball,

he was kept together by the cold, but as he approached a warmer soil he

melted away and disappeared.—Dr. Crichton, _Scandinavia_, ii. 61 (1838).

_King_ (_The White_). The ancient kings of Muscovy were so called from

the white robe which they used to wear. Solomon wore a white robe; hence

our Lord, speaking of the lilies of the field, says that “Solomon in all

his glory was not arrayed like one of these” (_Luke_ xii. 27).

Principem Moscoviæ _Album Regem_ nuncupant.... Credo ut Persam nunc

propter rubea tegumenta capitis _Rubeum Caput_ vocant, ita reges

Moscoviæ, propter alba tegumenta _Albos Reges_ appellari.—Sigismund.

⁂ Another explanation may be suggested; Muscovy was called “White

Russia,” as Poland was called “Black Russia.”

_King_ (_Tom_), “the choice spirit of the day for a quiz, a hoax, a

joke, a jest, a song, a dance, a race, or a row. A jolly dog, a rare

blood, a prime buck, rum soul, and funny fellow.” He drives M. Morbleu,

a French barber, living in the Seven Dials, London, almost out of his

senses by inquiring over and over again for Mr. Thompson.—Moncrieff,

_Mon. Tonson_.

(There is a _Mon. Tonson_ by Taylor, 1768).

_King_ (surnamed _the Affable_), Charles VIII. of France (1470,

1483-1498).

_King_ (surnamed _the Amorous_), Philippe I. of France (1052,

1060-1108).

_King_ (surnamed _Augustus_), Philippe II. of France. So called because

he was born in August (1165, 1180-1223).

Sigismund II. of Poland; born in the month of August (1520, 1548-1572).

_King_ (surnamed _the Avenger_), Alphonso XI. of Leon and Castile (1310,

1327-1350).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bad_), Charles II. of Navarre (1332, 1349-1387).

William I. of the Two Sicilies (*, 1154-1166).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bald_), Charles I., _la Chauve_ of France (823,

875-877).

_King_ (surnamed _Barbarossa_ or _Red Beard_), Frederick II. of Germany

(1121, 1152-1190).

_King_ (surnamed _the Battler_), Alphonso I. of Aragon (*, 1104-1135).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bearded_), Baldwin IV., earl of Flanders, _The

Handsome Beard_ (1160-1186).

Constantine IV. _Pogonātus_, emperor of Rome (648, 668-685).

_King_ (surnamed _Beauclerk_), Henry I. of England (1068, 1100-1135).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bellicose_), Henri II. _le Belliqueux_ (1519,

1547-1559).

_King_ (surnamed _the Black_), Heinrich III. of Germany (1017,

1046-1056).

_King_ (surnamed _the Bold_), Boleslaus II. of Poland (1042, 1058-1090).

_King_ (surnamed _Bomba_), Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies (1751,

1759-1825).

Francis II., _Bombalīno_ (1860).

_King_ (surnamed _the Brave_), Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castile (1030,

1065-1109).

Alphonso IV. of Portugal (1290, 1324-1357).

_King_ (surnamed _the Catholic_), Alphonso I. of Asturias (693,

739-757).

Ferdinand II. of Aragon (1452, 1474-1516).

Isabella, queen of Castile (1450, 1474-1504).

_King_ (surnamed _the Ceremonious_), Peter IV. of Aragon (1317,

1336-1387).

_King_ (surnamed _the Chaste_), Alphonso II. of Leon, etc. (758,

791-842).

_King_ (surnamed _the Confessor_), Edward _the Confessor_, of England

(1004, 1042-1066).

_King_ (surnamed _the Conqueror_), Alexander the Great, _Conqueror of

the World_ (B.C. 356, 336-323).

Alphonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185).

Aurungzebe the Great, _Alemgir_, the Great Mogul (1618, 1659-1707).

Francisco Pizarro, _Conquistador_, of Peru (1475-1541).

James I. of Aragon (1206, 1213-1276).

Othman or Osman I. of Turkey (1259, 1299-1326).

William I. of England (1027, 1066-1087).

_King_ (surnamed _the Cruel_), Pedro of Castile (1334, 1359-1360).

Pedro of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).

_King_ (surnamed _the Desired_), Louis XVIII. of France (1755,

1814-1824).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fair_), Charles IV. (1294, 1322-1326).

Philippe IV. _le Bel_, of France (1268, 1285-1314).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fat_), Alphonso II. of Portugal (1185, 1212-1223).

Charles III. of France (832, 884-888).

Louis VI., _le Gros_, of France (1078, 1108-1137).

Olaus II. of Norway (992, 1000-1030).

_King_ (surnamed _the Father of Letters_), François I. of France (1494,

1515-1547).

_King_ (surnamed _the Father of His People_), Louis XII. of France

(1462, 1498-1515).

Christian III. of Denmark (1502, 1534-1559).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fearless_), John, duke of Burgundy, _Sanspeur_

(1371-1419). Richard I., _Sanspeur_, duke of Normandy (932, 942-996).

_King_ (surnamed _the Fierce_), Alexander I. of Scotland (*, 1107-1124).

_King_ (surnamed _the Gallant_), an Italian, _Re Galantuomo_, Victor

Emmanuel of Italy (1820, 1849-1878).

_King_ (surnamed _the Good_), Alphonso VIII. of Leon and Castile (1155,

1158-1214).

John II. of France, _le Bon_ (1319, 1350-1364).

John III., duke of Brittany (1286, 1312-1341).

John V. duke of Brittany (1388, 1399-1442).

Philippe III., _le Bon_, duke of Burgundy (1396, 1419, 1467).

Réné, titular king of Naples (1409-1452).