_Freiherr von Güttingen_ collected the poor in a great barn, and burnt

them to death, mocking their cries of agony. He, like Hatto, was invaded

by mice, ran to his castle of Güttingen, in the lake of Constance,

whither the vermin pursued him, and ate him alive. The Swiss legend says

the castle sank in the lake, and may still be seen. Freiherr von

Güttingen had three castles, one of which was Moosburg.

_Count Graaf_, in order to enrich himself, bought up all the corn. One

year a sad famine prevailed, and the count expected to reap a rich

harvest by his speculation; but an army of rats, pressed by hunger,

invaded his barns, and, swarming into his Rhine tower, fell on the old

baron, worried him to death, and then devoured him.—_Legends of the

Rhine_.

A similar story is told by William of Malmesbury, _History_, ii. 313

(Bohn’s edit.).

⁂ Some of the legends state that the “mice” were in reality “the souls

of the murdered people.”

=Hatton= (_Sir Christopher_), “the dancing chancellor.” He first

attracted the attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing at a

masque. He was made by her chancellor and knight of the Garter.

⁂ M. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XVI., owed his fortune also to the

manner in which he danced in the king’s quadrille.

You’ll know Sir Christopher by his turning out his toes,—famous, you

know, for his dancing.—Sheridan, _The Critic_, ii. 1 (1779).

=Hautlieu= (_Sir Artavan de_), in the introduction of Sir W. Scott’s

_Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

_Hautlieu_ (_The Lady Margaret de_), first disguised as sister Ursula,

and afterwards affianced to Sir Malcolm Fleming.—Sir W. Scott, _Castle

Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

=Have´lok= (_2 syl._), or =Hablok=, the orphan son of Birkabegn, king of

Denmark, was exposed at sea through the treachery of his guardians. The

raft drifted to the coast of Lincolnshire, where it was discovered by

Grim, a fisherman, who reared the young foundling as his own son. It

happened that some twenty years later certain English nobles usurped the

dominions of an English princess, and, to prevent her gaining any access

of power by a noble alliance, resolved to marry her to a peasant. Young

Havelok was selected as the bridegroom, but having discovered the story

of his birth, he applied to his father Birkabegn for aid in recovering

his wife’s possessions. The king afforded him the aid required, and the

young foundling became in due time both king of Denmark and king of that

part of England which belonged to him in right of his wife.—_Havelok the

Dane_ (by the trouveurs).

=Havisham= (_Miss_), an old spinster, who dressed always in her bridal

dress, with lace veil from head to foot, white shoes, bridal flowers in

her white hair, and jewels on her hands and neck. She was the daughter

of a rich brewer, engaged to Compeyson, a young man, who deserted her on

the wedding morning; from which moment she became fossilized (ch.

xxii.). She fell into the fire, and died from the shock.

_Estella Havisham_, the adopted child of Miss Havisham, by whom she was

brought up. She was proud, handsome, and self-possessed. Pip loved her,

and probably she reciprocated his love, but she married Bentley Drummle,

who died, leaving Estella a young widow. The tale ends with these words:

I [_Pip_] took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place. As

the morning mists had risen ... when I first left the forge, so the

evening were rising now; and ... I saw no shadow of another parting from

her.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Haw´cabite= (_3 syl._), a street bully. After the Restoration, we had a

succession of these disturbers of the peace; first came the Muns, then

followed the Tityre Tus, the Hectors, the Scourers, the Nickers, the

Hawcabites, and after them the Mohawks, the most dreaded of all.

=Hawk= (_Sir Mulberry_), the bear-leader of Lord Frederick Verisopht. He

is a most unprincipled _roué_, who sponges on his lordship, snubs him,

and despises him. “Sir Mulberry was remarkable for his tact in ruining

young gentlemen of fortune.”

=Hawk-Eye.= Name given by frontiermen to Natty Bumppo, who is also

called by the French, _La Longue Carbine_.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The

Last of the Mohicans._

_To know a hawk from a handsaw_, a corruption of “from a hernshaw” (i.e.

_a heron_), meaning that one is so ignorant, he does not know a hawk

from a heron: the bird of prey from the game flown at. The Romans had a

proverb, _Ignorat quid distent ara lupinis_ (“he does not know money

from lupines,” or beans); lupines were used on the Roman stage as money.

We have a proverb, “He doesn’t know beans,” which may be descended from

the Roman saying.

=Hawthorn=, a jolly, generous old fellow, of jovial spirit, and ready to

do any one a kindness; consequently, everybody loves him. He is one of

those rare, unselfish beings, who “loves his neighbor better than

himself.”—I. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village._

=Haworth.= A starving lad, found in the snow at a foundry-door, becomes

in time master of the works. He is imperious and greedy of power, making

few friends and many foes. One human being believes in him—his

mother—and when his ambition overvaults itself and he is ruined and in

danger of being mobbed, she goes away with him into the

darkness.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Haworths_ (1879).

=Hay= (_Colonel_), in the king’s army.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of

Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

_Hay_ (_John_), fisherman, near Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy

Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Haydn= could never compose a single bar of music unless he could see on

his finger the diamond ring given him by Frederick II.

=Hayle= (_Maverick_). Betrothed of Perley Kelso in _The Silent Partner_,

by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. He cannot sympathize with her religious and

philanthropic views, and, recognizing the truth that she has outgrown

him, acquiesces in her wish for a dissolution of the engagement. He

marries dainty, feather-headed “Fly.”

=Hayston= (_Frank_), laird of Bucklaw and afterwards of Girnington. In

order to retrieve a broken fortune, a marriage was arranged between

Hayston and Lucy Ashton. Lucy, being told that her plighted lover

(Edgar, master of Ravenswood) was unfaithful, assented to the family

arrangement, but stabbed her husband on the wedding night, went mad and

died. Frank Hayston recovered from his wound and went abroad.—Sir W.

Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

⁂ In Donizetti’s opera, Hayston is called “Arturio.”

=Hazelwood= (_Sir Robert_), the old baronet of Hazelwood.

_Charles Hazelwood_, son of Sir Robert. In love with Lucy Bertram, whom

he marries.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Head´rigg= (_Cuddie_), a ploughman in Lady Bellenden’s service.

(Cuddie-Cuthbert.)—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Headstone= (_Bradley_), a school-master of very determined character

and violent passion. He loves Lizzie Hexam with an irresistible, mad

love, and tries to kill Eugene Wrayburn out of jealousy. Grappling with

Rogue Riderhood on Plashwater Bridge, Riderhood falls backward into the

smooth pit, and Headstone over him. Both of them perish in the grasp of

a death-struggle.—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Hearn= (_Frank_), lieutenant in U.S.A., against whom a charge is

brought of refusing to pay just debts. He asserts that the account was

paid, and the tradesman produces a ledger to prove the opposite. Joined

to other evidence this seems conclusive, until _Georgia Marshall_, with

whom Hearn is in love, catches sight of the ledger, and scribbles a note

to her lover from the other side of the room. He raises a leaf of the

ledger between the light and himself and discovers a water-mark—a

date—that establishes the fact of perjury.—Charles King, _An Army

Portia_ (1890).

=Heart of Midlothian=, the old jail or tolbooth of Edinburgh, taken down

in 1817.

Sir Walter Scott has a novel so called (1818), the plot of which is as

follows:—Effie Deans, the daughter of a Scotch cow-feeder, is seduced by

George Staunton, son of the rector of Willingham; and Jeanie is cited as

a witness on the trial which ensues, by which Effie is sentenced to

death for child murder. Jeanie promises to go to London and ask the king

to pardon her half-sister, and after various perils, arrives at her

destination. She lays her case before the duke of Argyll, who takes her

in his carriage to Richmond, and obtains for her an interview with the

queen, who promises to intercede with his majesty (George II.) on her

sister’s behalf. In due time the royal pardon is sent to Edinburgh,

Effie is released, and marries her seducer, now Sir George Staunton; but

some years after the marriage Sir George is shot by a gypsy boy, who is

in reality his illegitimate son. On the death of her husband, Lady

Staunton retires to a convent on the continent. Jeanie marries Reuben

Butler, the Presbyterian minister. The novel opens with the Porteous

riots.

=Heartall= (_Governor_), an old bachelor, peppery in temper, but with a

generous heart and unbounded benevolence. He is as simple minded as a

child, and loves his young nephew almost to adoration.

_Frank Heartall_, the governor’s nephew, impulsive, free-handed and

free-hearted, benevolent and frank. He falls in love with the Widow

Cheerly, the daughter of Colonel Woodley, whom he sees first at the

opera. Ferret, a calumniating rascal, tries to do mischief, but is

utterly foiled.—Cherry, _The Soldier’s Daughter_ (1804).

=Heartfree= (_Jack_), a railer against women and against marriage. He

falls half in love with Lady Fanciful, on whom he rails, and marries

Belinda.—Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1693).

=Heartwell=, a friend of Modeley’s, who falls in love with Flora, a

niece of old Farmer Freehold. They marry and are happy.—John Philip

Kemble, _The Farm-house._

=Heatherblutter= (_John_), gamekeeper of the baron of Bradwardine (_3

syl._) at Tully Veolan.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Heaven-sent Minister= (_The_), William Pitt (1759-1806).

=Hebe= (_2 syl._), goddess of youth, and cup-bearer of the immortals

before Ganymede superseded her. She was the wife of Herculês, and had

the power of making the aged young again. (See PLOUSINA.)

Hebês are they to hand ambrosia, mix

The nectar.

Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.

=Hebron=, in the first part of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden,

stands for Holland; but in the second part, by Tate, it stands for

Scotland. Hebronite similarly means in one case a Hollander, and in the

other a Scotchman.

=Hec´ate= (_2 syl._), called in classic mythology _Hec´.a.te_ (_3

syl._); a triple deity, being _Luna_ in heaven, _Dian’a_ on earth, and

_Proserpine_ (_3 syl._) in hell. Hecate presided over magic and

enchantments, and was generally represented as having the head of a

horse, dog or boar, though sometimes she is represented with three

bodies, and three heads looking different ways. Shakespeare introduces

her in his tragedy of _Macbeth_ (act iii. sc. 5), as queen of the

witches; but the witches of Macbeth have been largely borrowed from a

drama called _The Witch_, by Thom. Middleton (died 1626). The following

is a specimen of this indebtedness:—

_Hecate._ Black spirits and white, red spirits and grey.

Mingle, mingle, mingle, you that mingle may....

_1st Witch._ Here’s the blood of a bat.

_Hecate._ Put in that, oh, put in that.

_2nd Witch._ Here’s libbard’s bane.

_Hecate._ Put in again, etc., etc.

Middleton, _The Witch_.

And yonder pale-faced Hecate there, the moon,

Doth give consent to that is done in darkness.

Thom. Kyd, _The Spanish Tragedy_ (1597).

=Hector=, one of the sons of Priam, king of Troy. This bravest and

ablest of all the Trojan chiefs was generalissimo of the allied armies,

and was slain in the last year of the war by Achillês, who, with

barbarous fury, dragged the dead body insultingly thrice round the tomb

of Patroclos and the walls of the beleagured city.—Homer, _Iliad_.

=Hector de Mares= (_1 syl._) or Marys, a knight of the Round Table,

brother of Sir Launcelot du Lac.

The gentle Gaw´ain’s courteous love,

Hector de Mares, and Pellinore.

Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_, ii. 13 (1813).

=Hector of Germany=, Joachim II., elector of Brandenburg (1514-1571).

=Hector of the Mist=, an outlaw, killed by Allan M’Aulay.—Sir W. Scott,

_Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Hectors=, street bullies. Since the Restoration, we have had a

succession of street brawlers, as the Muns, the Tityre Tus, the Hectors,

the Scourers, the Nickers, the Hawcabites, and, lastly, the Mohawks,

worst of them all.

=Heeltap= (_Crispin_), a cobbler, and one of the corporation of Garratt,

of which Jerry Sneak is chosen mayor,—S. Foote, _The Mayor of Garratt_

(1763).

=Heep= (_Uriah_), a detestable sneak, who is everlastingly forcing on

one’s attention that he is so _’umble._ Uriah is Mr. Wickfield’s clerk,

and, with all his ostentatious ’umility, is most designing, malignant,

and intermeddling. His infamy is dragged to light by Mr. Micawber.

=Herr Piper=, “representative in New Swedeland of the Great Gustavus,

the bulwark of the Protestant Religion,” and a mighty stickler for forms

and ceremonies appertaining to the office.—James Kirke Paulding,

_Königsmarke_ (1823).

=Heidelberg= (_Mrs._), the widow of a wealthy Dutch merchant, who kept

her brother’s house (Mr. Sterling, a city merchant). She was very

vulgar, and “knowing the strength of her purse, domineered on the credit

of it.” Mrs. Heidelberg had most exalted notions “of the quality,” and a

“perfect contempt for everything that did not smack of high life.” Her

English was certainly faulty, as the following specimens will

show:—_farden_, _wolgar_, _spurrit_, _pertest_, _Swish_, _kivers_,

_purliteness_, etc. She spoke of a _pictur by Raphael-Angelo_, a

_po-shay_, _dish-abille_, _parfect naturals_ [idiots], _most

genteelest_, and so on. When thwarted in her overbearing ways, she

threatened to leave the house and go to Holland to live with her

husband’s cousin, Mr. Vanderspracken.—Colman and Garrick, _The

Clandestine Marriage_ (1766).

=Heimdall= (_2 syl._), in Celtic mythology, was the son of nine virgin

sisters. He dwelt in the celestial Fort Himinsbiorg, under the extremity

of the rainbow. His ear was so acute that he could hear “the wool grow

on the sheep’s back, and the grass in the meadows.” Heimdall was the

watch or sentinel of Asgard (_Olympus_), and even in his sleep was able

to see everything that happened (See FINE-EAR).

_Heimdall’s Horn._ At the end of the world, Heimdall will wake the gods

with his horn, when they will be attacked by Muspell, Loki, the wolf

Fenris, and the serpent Jormunsgandar.

And much he talked of...

And Heimdal’s horn and the day of doom.

Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (interlude, 1631).

=Heinrich= (_Poor_), or “Poor Henry,” the hero and title of a poem by

Hartmann von der Aue [_Our_]. Heinrich was a rich nobleman, struck with

leprosy, and was told he would never recover till some virgin of

spotless purity volunteered to die on his behalf. As Heinrich neither

hoped nor even wished for such a sacrifice, he gave the main part of his

possessions to the poor, and went to live with a poor tenant farmer, who

was one of his vassals. The daughter of this farmer heard by accident on

what the cure of the leper depended, and went to Salerno to offer

herself as the victim. No sooner was the offer made than the lord was

cured, and the damsel became his wife (twelfth century).

⁂ This tale forms the subject of Longfellow’s _Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Heir-at-Law.= Baron Dubeley being dead, his “heir-at-law” was Henry

Morland, supposed to be drowned at sea, and the next heir was Daniel

Dowlas, a chandler of Gosport. Scarcely had Daniel been raised to his

new dignity, when Henry Morland, who had been cast on Cape Breton, made

his appearance, and the whole aspect of affairs was changed. That Dowlas

might still live in comfort, suitable to his limited ambition, the heir

of the barony settled on him a small life annuity.—G. Colman,

_Heir-at-law_, (1797).

=Hel´a=, queen of the dead. She is daughter of Loki and Angurbo´da (a

giantess). Her abode, called Helheim, was a vast castle in Niflheim, in

the midst of eternal snow and darkness.

Down the yawning steep he rode,

That leads to Hela’s drear abode.

Gray, _Descent of Odin_ (1757).

=Helen=, wife of Menelāos of Sparta. She eloped with Paris, a Trojan

prince, while he was the guest of the Spartan king. Menelaos, to avenge

this wrong, induced the allied armies of Greece to invest Troy; and

after a siege of ten years, the city was taken and burnt to the ground.

⁂ A parallel incident occurred in Ireland. Dervorghal, wife of Tiernan

O’Ruark, an Irish chief who held the county of Leitrim, eloped with

Dermod M’Murchad, prince of Leinster. Tiernan induced O’Connor, king of

Connaught, to avenge this wrong. So O’Connor drove Dermod from his

throne. Dermod applied to Henry II. of England, and this was the

incident which brought about the conquest of Ireland (1172).—Leland,

_History of Ireland_ (1773).

_Helen_, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth’s novel of the same name. This

was her last and most popular tale (1834).

_Helen_, cousin of Modus, the bookworm. She loved her cousin, and taught

him there was a better “art of love” than that written by Ovid.—S.

Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831).

_Helen Lorrington._ Accomplished young widow, Anne Douglas’s intimate

friend. She is the semi-betrothed of _Ward Heathcote_, who nevertheless

considers himself free to woo Anne. After many complications, Heathcote,

believing Anne already married becomes Helen’s husband. The latter is

murdered a year or two later under circumstances that cast suspicion

upon Heathcote. Through Anne’s efforts and testimony he is acquitted,

and finally marries her.—Constance Fennimore Woolson, _Anne_ (1882).

_Helen_ (_Lady_), in love with Sir Edward Mortimer. Her uncle insulted

Sir Edward in a county assembly, struck him down, and trampled on him.

Sir Edward, returning home, encountered the drunken ruffian and murdered

him. He was tried for the crime, and acquitted “without a stain upon his

character;” but the knowledge of the deed preyed upon his mind so that

he could not marry the niece of the murdered man. After leading a life

of utter wretchedness, Sir Edward told Helen that he was the murderer of

her uncle, and died.—G. Colman, _The Iron Chest_ (1796).

_Helen_ [MOWBRAY], in love with Walsingham. “Of all grace the

pattern—person, feature, mind, heart, everything as nature had essayed

to frame a work where none could find a flaw.” Allured by Lord Athunree

to a house of ill-fame, under pretence of doing a work of charity, she

was seen by Walsingham as she came out, and he abandoned her as a

wanton. She then assumed male attire, with the name of Eustace.

Walsingham became her friend, was told that Eustace was Helen’s brother,

and finally discovered that Eustace was Helen herself. The mystery being

cleared up, they became man and wife.—S. Knowles, _Woman’s Wit, etc._

(1838).

=Helen’s Fire= (_feu d’Hélène_), a comazant called “St. Helme’s” or “St.

Elmo’s fire” by the Spaniards; the “fires of St. Peter and St. Nicholas”

by the Italians; and “Castor and Pollux” by the ancient Romans. This

electric light will sometimes play about the masts of ships. If only one

appears, foul weather may be looked for; but if two or more flames

appear, the worst of the storm is over.

_Helen_ (_Rolleston_), heroine of Charles Reade’s novel, _Foul Play_.

She is betrothed to Wardlaw, chief villain of the story, and sets out on

a sea-voyage to restore her health; is shipwrecked and cast on an island

with Herbert Penfold. After their return to England, she rights the

wronged Penfold, and punishes Wardlaw.

_Helen_, wife of _John Ward, Preacher_. Her husband is a Calvinist of a

pronounced type; she a believer in Universal Salvation. The spiritual

agonies to which they are subjected by the difference in creeds,

separate them for a while and are the moving cause of John Ward’s death.

He passes away, convinced that “his death is to be the climax of GOD’S

plans for her.”—Margaret Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_ (1888).

=Hel´ena= (_St._), daughter of Coel, duke Colchester, and afterwards

king of Britain. She married Constantius (a Roman senator, who succeeded

“Old King Cole”), and became the mother of Constantine the Great.

Constantius died at York (a.d. 306). Helena is said to have discovered

at Jerusalem the sepulchre and cross of Jesus Christ.—Geoffrey, _British

History_ v. 6 (1142).

⁂ This legend is told of the Colchester arms, which consist of a cross

and three crowns (two atop and one at the foot of the cross).

At a considerable depth beneath the surface of the earth were found

three crosses which were instantly recognized as those on which Christ

and the two thieves had suffered death. To ascertain which was the _true

cross_, a female corpse was placed on all three alternately; the two

first tried produced no effect, but the third instantly reanimated the

body.—J. Brady, _Clavis Calendaria_, 181.

Herself in person went to seek that holy cross

Whereon our Saviour died, which found, as it was sought;

From Salem unto Rome triumphantly she brought.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

_Helena_, only daughter of Gerard de Narbon, the physician. She was left

under the charge of the countess of Rousillon, whose son Bertram she

fell in love with. The king sent for Bertram to the palace, and Helena,

hearing the king was ill, obtained permission of the countess to give

him a prescription left by her late father. The medicine cured the king,

and the king, in gratitude, promised to make her the wife of any one of

his courtiers that she chose. Helena selected Bertram, and they were

married; but the haughty count, hating the alliance, left France, to

join the army of the duke of Florence. Helena, in the mean time, started

on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand, carrying with her

a letter from her husband, stating that he would never see her more

“till she could get the ring from off his finger.” On her way to the

shrine, she lodged at Florence with a widow, the mother of Diana, with

whom Bertram was wantonly in love. Helena was permitted to pass herself

off as Diana, and received his visits, in one of which they exchanged

rings. Both soon after this returned to the Countess de Rousillon, where

the king was, and the king, seeing on Bertram’s finger the ring which he

gave to Helena, had him arrested on suspicion of murder. Helena now

explained the matter, and all was well, for all ended well.—Shakespeare,

_All’s Well that ends Well_ (1598).

Helena is a young woman, seeking a man in marriage. The ordinary laws of

courtship are reversed, the habitual feelings are violated; yet with

such exquisite address this dangerous subject is handled that Helena’s

forwardness loses her no honor. Delicacy dispenses with her laws in her

favor.—C. Lamb.

_Helena_, a young Athenian lady, in love with Demētrius. She was the

playmate of Her´mia, with whom she grew up, as “two cherries on one

stalk.” Egēus (_3 syl._), the father of Hermia, promised his daughter in

marriage to Demetrius; but when Demetrius saw that Hermia loved

Lysander, he turned to Helena, who loved him dearly, and married

her.—Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Hel´inore= (_Dame_), wife of Malbecco, who was jealous of her, and not

without cause. When Sir Paridel, Sir Sat´yrane (_3 syl._), and Britomart

(as the squire of Dames) took refuge in Malbecco’s house, Dame Helinore

and Sir Paridel had many “false belgardes” at each other, and talked

love with glances which needed no interpreter. Helinore, having set fire

to the closet where Malbecco kept his treasures, eloped with Paridel,

while the old miser stopped to put out the fire. Paridel soon tired of

the dame, and cast her off, leaving her to roam whither she listed. She

was taken up by the satyrs, who made her their dairy-woman, and crowned

her queen of the May.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 9, 10 (1590).

Viridi colore est gemma helitropion, non ita acuto sed nubilo magis et

represso, stellis puniceis superspersa. Causa nominis de effectu lapidis

est et potestate. Dejecta in labris æneis radios solis mutat sanguineo

repercussu, utraque aqua splendorem aëris abjicit et avertit. Etiam

illud posse dicitur, ut _herba_ ejusdem nominis mixta et

præcantationibus legitimis consecrata eum, a quocunque gestabitur,

subtrahat visibus obviorum.—Solinus, _Geog._, xl.

=Helisane de Crenne=, contemporary with Pâquier. She wrote her own

biography, including the “history of her own death.”—_Angoisses

Doloureuses_ (Lyons, 1546).

=Hel Keplein=, a mantle of invisibility, belonging to the dwarf-king

Laurin. (See Invisibility.)—_The Heldenbuch_ (thirteenth century).

=Hell=, according to Mohammedan belief is divided into seven

compartments: (1) for Mohammedans, (2) for Jews, (3) for Christians, (4)

for Sabians, (5) for Magians, (6) for idolaters, (7) for hypocrites. All

but idolaters and unbelievers will be in time released from torment.

_Hell_, Dantê says, is a vast funnel divided into eight circles, with

ledges more or less rugged. Each circle, of course, is narrower that the

one above, and the last goes down to the very centre of the earth.

Before the circles begin, there is a neutral land and a limbo. In the

neutral land wander those not bad enough for hell nor good enough for

heaven; in the limbo, those who knew no sin but were not baptized

Christians. Coming then to hell proper, circle 1, he says, is compassed

by the river Achĕron, and in this division of inferno dwell the spirits

of the heathen philosophers. Circle 2 is presided over by Minos, and

here are the spirits of those guilty of carnal and sinful love. Circle 3

is guarded by Cerbĕrus, and this is the region set apart for gluttons.

Circle 4, presided over by Plutus, is the realm of the avaricious.

Circle 5 contains the Stygian Lake, and here flounder in deep mud those

who in life put no restraint on their anger. Circle 6 (in the city of

Dis) is for those who did violence to man by force or fraud. Circle 7

(in the city of Dis) is for suicides. Circle 8 (also in the city of Dis)

is for blasphemers and heretics. After the eight circles comes the ten

pits or chasms of Malebolgê (_4 syl._), the last of which is the centre

of the earth, and here he says is the frozen river of Cocy´tus. (See

INFERNO.)

=Hellespont.= Leander used to swim across the Hellespont to visit Hero,

a priestess of Sestos. Lord Byron and Lieutenant Ekenhead repeated the

feat and accomplished it in seventy minutes, the distance being four

miles (allowing for drifting).

He could perhaps have passed the Hellespont,

As once (a feat on which ourselves we prided)

Leander, Mr. Ekenhead, and I did.

Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 105 (1819).

=Hellica´nus=, the able and honest minister of Per´iclês, to whom he

left the charge of Tyre during his absence. Being offered the crown,

Hellicānus nobly declined the offer, and remained faithful to the prince

throughout.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Helmet of Invisibility.= The helmet of Perseus (_2 syl._) rendered the

wearer invisible. This was in reality the “Helmet of Ha´dès,” and after

Perseus had slain Medu´sa he restored it, together with the winged

sandals and magic wallet. The “gorgon’s head” he presented to Minerva,

who placed it in the middle of her ægis. (See INVISIBILITY.)

⁂ Mambrīno’s helmet had the same magical power, though Don Quixote, even

in his midsummer madness, never thought himself invisible when he donned

the barber’s basin.

=Heloise.= _La Nouvelle Héloïse_, a romance by Jean Jacques Rousseau

(1761).

=He´mera=, sister of Prince Memnon, mentioned by Dictys Cretensis.

Milton, in his _Il Penseroso_, speaks of “Prince Memnon’s sister”

(1638).

=Hem´junah=, princess of Cassimir´, daughter of the Sultan Zebene´zer;

betrothed at the age of 13 to the prince of Georgia. As Hemjunah had

never seen the prince, she ran away to avoid a forced marriage, and was

changed by Ulin, the enchanter, into a toad. In this form she became

acquainted with Misnar, sultan of India, who had likewise been

transformed into a toad by Ulin. Misnar was disenchanted by a dervise,

and slew Ulin; whereupon the princess recovered her proper shape, and

returned home. A rebellion broke out in Cassimir, but the “angel of

death” destroyed the rebel army, and Zebenezer was restored to his

throne. His surprise was unbounded when he found that the prince of

Georgia and the sultan of India were one and the same person; and

Hemjunah said, “Be assured, O Sultan, that I shall not refuse the hand

of the prince of Georgia, even if my father commands my obedience.”—Sir

C. Morell [J. Ridly] _Tales of the Genii_ (“Princess of Cassimir,” vii.,

1751).

=Hemlock.= Socratês _the Wise_ and Phocion _the Good_ were both by the

Athenians condemned to death by hemlock juice, Socratês at the age of 70

(B.C. 399) and Phocion at the age of 85 (B.C. 317).

=Hemps´kirke= (_2 syl._), a captain serving under Wolfort, the usurper

of the earldom of Flanders.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar’s Bush_

(1622).

=Henderson= (_Rodney syl._), representative American who makes money by

unscrupulous operations in stocks.—Charles Dudley Warner, _A Little

Journey in the World_ (1889).

_Henderson (Elias) syl._, chaplain at Lochleven Castle.—Sir W. Scott,

_The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Henneberg= (_Count syl._). One day a beggar-woman asked Count

Henneberg’s wife for alms. The countess twitted her for carrying twins,

whereupon the woman cursed her, with the assurance that “her ladyship

should be the mother of 365 children.” The legend says that the countess

bore them at one birth, but none of them lived any length of time. All

the girls were named _Elizabeth_, and all the boys _John_. They are

buried, we are told, at the Hague.

=Henrietta Maria=, widow of King Charles I., introduced in Sir W.

Scott’s _Peveril of the Peak_ (1823).

=Henrietta Street=, Cavendish Square, London, is so called in compliment

to Henrietta Cavendish, daughter of John Holles, duke of Newcastle, and

wife of Edward, second earl of Oxford and Mortimer. From these come

“Edward Street,” “Henrietta Street,” “Cavendish Square,” and “Holles

Street.”

=Henriette= (_3 syl._), daughter of Chrysale (_2 syl._) and Philaminte

(_3 syl._). She is in love with Clitandre, and ultimately becomes his

wife. Philaminte, who is a blue-stocking, wants Henriette to marry

Trissotin, a _bel esprit_; and Armande the sister, also a _bas bleu_,

thinks that Henriette ought to devote her life to science and

philosophy; but Henriette loves woman’s work far better, and thinks that

her natural province is domestic life, with wifely and motherly duties.

Her father Chrysale takes the same views of woman’s life as his daughter

Henriette, but he is quite under the thumb of his strong-minded wife.

However love at last prevails, and Henriette is given in marriage to the

man of her choice. The French call Henriette “the type of a perfect

woman,” _i.e._, a thorough woman.—Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).

=Henrique= (_Don_), an uxorious lord, cruel to his younger brother Don

Jamie. Don Henrique is the father of Asca´nio, and the supposed husband

of Violan´te (_4 syl._).—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_

(1622).

=Henri=, boy, four years old, who, finding his friend “the doctor” bound

naked to a trestle to which he was strapped by pirates, follows his

directions and gnaws asunder the strips of raw hide tying the victim

down, and frees him.—Henry Augustus Wise, U.S.N., _Captain Brand of the

Schooner Centipede_ (1864).

=Henry=, a soldier engaged to Louisa. Some rumors of gallantry to

Henry’s disadvantage having reached the village, he is told that Louisa

is about to be married to another. In his despair he gives himself up as

a deserter, and is condemned to death. Louisa now goes to the king,

explains to him the whole matter, obtains her sweetheart’s pardon, and

reaches the jail just as the muffled drum begins to beat the death

march.—Dibdin, _The Deserter_ (1770).

_Henry_, son of Sir Philip Blandford’s brother. Both the brothers loved

the same lady, but the younger marrying her, Sir Philip, in his rage,

stabbed him, as it was thought, mortally. In due time, the young “widow”

had a son (Henry) a very high-minded, chivalrous young man, greatly

beloved by every one. After twenty years, his father re-appeared under

the name of Morrington, and Henry married his cousin Emma

Blandford.—Thom. Morton, _Speed the Plough_ (1798).

_Henry_ (_Poor_), prince of Hoheneck, in Bavaria. Being struck with

leprosy, he quitted his lordly castle, gave largely to the poor, and

retired to live with a small cottage farmer named Gottlieb [_Got.leeb_],

one of his vassals. He was told that he would never be cured till a

virgin, chaste and spotless, offered to die on his behalf. Elsie, the

farmer’s daughter, offered herself, and after great resistance, the

prince accompanied her to Salerno to complete the sacrifice. When he

arrived at the city, either the exercise, the excitement, or the charm

of some relic, no matter what, had effected an entire cure, and when he

took Elsie into the cathedral, the only sacrifice she had to make was

that of her maiden name for Lady Alicia, wife of Prince Henry of

Hoheneck.—Hartmann von der Aue (minnesinger), _Poor Henry_ (twelfth

century).

⁂ This tale is the subject of Longfellow’s _Golden Legend_ (1851).

_Henry_ (_Patrick_), Virginian orator, who, in the House of Burgesses,

first raised the cry of “Liberty or Death” in the struggle of the

American Colonies for Independence.

Patrick Henry’s first legal triumph was in November, 1763, in the since

famous _Parson’s Cause_.

“In the language of those who heard him on this occasion, ‘he made their

blood run cold, and their hair to rise on end ...’”

“The jury seem to have been so completely bewildered, that, thoughtless

even of the admitted right of the plaintiff, they had scarcely left the

bar when they returned with a verdict of _one penny_ damages.”—William

Wirt, _Life of Patrick Henry_ (1818).

_Henry_ (_Prince_), Bernardine du Born, arraigned for treason, replies

to King Henry’s questions,

“Hath reason quite forsook thy breast?”

with

“My reason failed, my gracious liege,

The year Prince Henry died.”

The king, smitten by memories of his son, whose chosen intimate

Bernardine was, forgives the offender:—

“For the dear sake of the dead

Go forth—unscathed and free.”

Lydia Huntley Sigourney, _Poems_ (1836).

=Henry II.=, king of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott, both in _The

Betrothed_ and in _The Talisman_ (1825).

=Henry V.=, Shakespeare’s drama, founded on _The Famous Victories of

Henry V.: containing the Honorable Battle of Agincourt. As it is plaide

by the Queenes Magesties players_, 1598. Shakespeare’s play appeared in

print in 1600 (quarto).

=Henry VI.=, Shakespeare’s dramas of this reign are founded on _The

First Part of the Contention betwixt the two Famous Houses of Yorke and

Lancaster, with the Death of the Good Duke Humphrey, etc. As it was

sundry times acted by the Right Honorable the Earle of Pembroke his

Servants_, 1600.

Another. _The True Tragedie of Richard Duke of Yorke, and the Death of

Good Henri VI., etc. As it was sundry times acted ..._ (as above).

=Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn.= Anne Boleyn was the second wife of Henry

VIII. He divorced Katharine of Aragon in order to marry Anne; wearied of

her in turn, and had her beheaded in 1536.

=He´par=, the Liver personified, the arch-city in _The Purple Island_,

by Phineas Fletcher. Fully described in canto iii. (1633).

=Hephæs´tos=, the Greek name for Vulcan. The Vulcanic period of geology

is that unknown period before the creation of man, when the molten

granite and buried metals were upheaved by internal heat, through the

overlying strata, sometimes even to the very surface of the earth.

The early dawn and dusk of Time.

The reign of dateless old Hephæstus.

Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Hepzibah= (_Pyncheon_), gentlewoman, reduced to the necessity of

keeping a small shop in the ancient homestead. She idolizes her brother

_Clifford_, a melancholy, refined man, who, terrified by an empty threat

of his cousin, Judge Pyncheon, flees the house. Hepzibah goes with him.

Recovering from their panic, they return in time to avoid the suspicion

of having caused the Judge’s sudden death, which makes them

rich.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, _House of the Seven Gables_ (1851).

=Herbert= (_Sir William_), friend of Sir Hugo de Lacy.—Sir W. Scott,

_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Her´culês= shot Nessus for offering insult to his wife Dei´-j-a-nī-ra,

and the dying centaur told Deijanira that if she dipped in his blood her

husband’s shirt, she would secure his love forever. Herculês, being

about to offer sacrifice, sent Lichas for the shirt; but no sooner was

it warmed by the heat of his body than it caused such excruciating agony

that the hero went mad, and seizing Lichas, he flung him into the sea.

_Herculés Mad_ is the subject of a Greek tragedy by Eurip´idês, and of a

Latin one by Sen´eca.

As when Alcīdês ... felt the envenomed robe, and tore,

Thro’ pain, up by the roots Thessalian pines,

And Lichas from the top of Œta [_a mount_] threw

Into the Euboic Sea [_The Archipelago_].

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. 542, etc. [1665].

⁂ Diodōrus says there were three Herculêses; Cicero recognizes six

(three of which were Greeks, one Egyptian, one Cretan, and one Indian);

Varro says there were forty-three.

_Herculés’s Choice_. When Herculês was a young man, he was accosted by

two women, Pleasure and Virtue, and asked to choose which he would

follow. Pleasure promised him all carnal delights, but Virtue promised

him immortality. Herculês gave his hand to the latter, and hence led a

life of great toil, but was ultimately received amongst the

immortals.—Xenophon.

⁂ Mrs. Barbauld has borrowed this allegory, but instead of Herculês has

substituted Melissa, “a young girl,” who is accosted by Dissipation and

Housewifery. While she is somewhat in doubt which to follow,

Dissipation’s mask falls off, and immediately Melissa beholds such a

“wan and ghastly countenance,” that she turns away in horror, and gives

her hand to the more sober of the two ladies.—_Evenings at Home_, xix.

(1795).

_Herculês’s Horse_, Arion, given him by Adrastos. It had the gift of

human speech, and its feet on the right side were those of a man.

_Herculês’s Pillars_, Calpê and Ab´yla, one at Gibraltar and the other

at Ceuta (_3 syl._). They were torn asunder by Alcīdês on his route to

Gadês (_Cadiz_).

_Herculês’s Ports_: (1) “Herculis Corsani Portus” (now called

_Porto-Ercolo_, in Etruria); (2) “Herculis Liburni Portus” (now called

_Livorno_, _i.e._ Leghorn); (3) “Herculis Monœci-Portus” (now called

_Monaco_, near Nice).

_Herculês (The Attic)_, Theseus (_2 syl._), who went about, like

Herculês, destroying robbers, and performing most wonderful exploits.

_Herculês (The Cretan)._ All the three Idæan Dactyls were so called:

viz., Kelmis (“the smelter”), Damnamĕneus (“the hammer”), and Acmon

(“the anvil”).

_Herculês (The Egyptian)_, Sesostris (fl. B.C. 1500). Another was Som or

Chon, called by Pausanias, Macĕris, son of Amon.

_Herculês (The English)_, Guy, earl of Warwick (890-958).

Warwick ... thou English Herculês.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613).

_Herculês (The Farnesê)_, a statue, the work of Glykon, copied from one

by Lysip´pos, called Farnesê, because formerly in the Farnesê palace in

Rome with the Farnesê Bull, the Flora, and the Gladiator. All but the

Gladiator are now in the Naples Museum. The Gladiator is in the British

Museum. The “Farnesê Herculês” represents the hero exhausted by toil,

leaning on his club; and in his left hand, which rests on his back, he

holds one of the apples of the Hesperĭdês.

⁂ A copy of this famous statue stands in the Tuileries gardens of Paris.

An excellent description of the statue is given by Thomson, in his

_Liberty_, iv.

_Herculês_ (_The Indian_), Dorsănês, who married Pandæa, and became the

progenitor of the Indian kings. Belus is sometimes called “The Indian

Herculês.”

_Herculês_ (_The Jewish_), Samson (died B.C. 113).

_Herculês_ (_The Russian_), Rustum.

_Herculês_ (_The Swedish_), Starchatĕrus (first Christian century).

=Hercules of Music=, Christoph von Glück (1714-1787).

=Herculês Secundus.= Commŏdus, the Roman emperor, gave himself this

title. He was a gigantic idiot, who killed 100 lions, and overthrew 1000

gladiators in the amphitheatre (161, 180-195).

=Heren-Suge= (_The_), a seven-headed hydra of Basque mythology, like the

Deccan cobras.

=Heretics= (_Hammer of_), Pierre d’Ailly (1350-1425).

John Faber is also called “The Hammer of Heretics,” from the title of

one of his works (*-1541).

_Heretics_ (_Scientific_).

_Feargal_, bishop of Saltzburg, an Irishman, was denounced as a heretic

for asserting the existence of antipodês (*-784).

_Galileo_, the astronomer, was cast into prison for maintaining the

“heretical opinion” that the earth moved round the sun (1564-1642).

_Giordano Bruno_ was burnt alive for maintaining that matter is the

mother of all things (1550-1600).

=Her´eward= (_3 syl._), one of the Varangian guard of Alexius Comnēnus,

emperor of Greece.—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Hereward the Wake= (or _Vigilant_), lord of Born, in Lincolnshire. He

plundered and burnt the abbey of Peterborough (1070); established his

camp in the Isle of Ely, where he was joined by Earl Morcar (1071); he

was blockaded for three months by William I., but made his escape with

some of his followers. This is the name and subject of one of Kingsley’s

novels.

=Her´iot= (_Master George_), goldsmith to James I.; guardian of Lady

Hermionê.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Herman=, a deaf and dumb boy, jailer of the dungeon of the Giant’s

Mount. Meeting Ulrica, he tries to seize her, when a flash of lightning

strikes the bridge on which he stands, and Herman is thrown into the

torrent.—E. Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ (1847).

_Herman (Sir)_, of Goodalicke, one of the perceptors of the Knights

Templars.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Hermann=, the hero of Goethe’s poem _Hermann and Dorothea_. Goethe

tells us that the object of this poem is to “show as in a mirror, the

great movements and changes of the world’s stage.”

=Hermaph´rodite= (_4 syl._), son of Venus and Mercury. At the age of 15,

he bathed in a fountain of Caria, when Sal´macis, the fountain nymph,

fell in love with him, and prayed the gods to make the two one body. Her

prayers being heard, the two became united into one, but still preserved

the double sex.

Not that bright spring where fair Hermaphrodite

Grew into one with wanton Salmacis ...

... may dare compare with this.

Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, v. (1633).

=Hermegild or Hermyngyld=, wife of the lord-constable of Northumberland.

She was converted by Constance, but was murdered by a knight whose suit

had been rejected by the young guest, in order to bring her into

trouble. The villainy being discovered, the knight was executed, and

Constance married the king, whose name was Alla. Hermegild, at the

bidding of Constance, restored sight to a blind Briton.—Chaucer,

_Canterbury Tales_ (“Man of Law’s Tale,” 1388).

(The word is spelt “Custaunce” 7 times, “Constance” 15 times, and

“Constaunce” 17 times, in the tale.)

_Hermegild_, a friend of Oswald, in love with Gartha (Oswald’s sister).

He was a man in the middle age of life, of counsel sage, and great

prudence. When Hubert (the brother of Oswald) and Gartha wished to stir

up a civil war to avenge the death of Oswald, who had been slain in

single combat with Prince Gondibert, Hermegild wisely deterred them from

the rash attempt, and diverted the anger of the camp by funeral

obsequies of a most imposing character. The tale of Gondibert being

unfinished, the sequel is not known.—Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died

1668).

=Her´mês= (_2 syl._), son of Maia; patron of commerce. Akenside makes

Hermês say to the Thames, referring to the merchant ships of England:

By you [_ships_] my function and my honored name

Do I possess; while o’er the Bætic vale,

Or thro’ the towers of Memphis, or the palms

By sacred Ganges watered, I conduct

The English merchant.

Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

(The Bætis is the Guadalquiver, and the Bætic vale Granāda and

Andalucia).

_Her´mês_ (_2 syl._), the same as Mercury, and applied both to the god

and to the metal. Milton calls quicksilver “volatil Hermês.”

So when we see the liquid metal fall,

Which chemists by the name of Hermes call.

Hoole’s _Ariosto_, viii.

_Hermês (St.)_, same as St. Elmo, Suerpo Santo, Castor and Pollux, etc.

A comazant or electric light, seen occasionally on ship’s masts.

“They shall see the fire which saylors call St. Hermes, fly uppon their

shippe, and alight upon the toppe of the mast.”—De Loier, _Treatise of

Spectres,_ 67 (1605).

=Hermês Trismegis´tus= (_Hermês “thrice-greatest”_), the Egyptian Thoth,

to whom is ascribed a host of inventions: as the art of writing in

hieroglyphics, the first Egyptian code of laws, the art of harmony, the

science of astrology, the invention of the late and lyre, magic, etc.

(twentieth century B.C.).

The school of Hermês Trismegistus,

Who uttered his oracles sublime

Before the Olympiads.

Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Her´mesind= (_3 syl._), daughter of Pelayo and Gaudio´sê. She was

plighted to Alphonso, son of Lord Pedro of Cantabria. Both Alphonso and

Hermesind at death were buried in the cave of St. Antony, in Covadonga.

=Her´mia=, daughter of Ege´us (_3 syl._) of Athens, and promised by him

in marriage to Demētrius. As Hermia loved Lysander, and refused to marry

Demetrius, her father summoned her before the duke, and requested that

the “law of the land” might be carried out, which was death or perpetual

virginity. The duke gave Hermia four days to consider the subject, at

the expiration of which time she was either to obey her father or lose

her life. She now fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in

pursuit of her, and Helĕna, who doted on Demetrius, followed. All four

came to a wood, and falling asleep from weariness, had a dream about the

fairies. When Demetrius woke up, he came to his senses, and seeing that

Hermia loved another, consented to marry Helena; and Egēus gladly gave

the hand of his daughter to Lysander.—Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s

Dream_ (1592).

=Herm´ion=, the young wife of Damon “the Pythagore´an” and senator of

Syracuse.—J. Banium, _Damon and Pythias_ (1825).

_Hermionê_ (_4 syl._) or Harmo´nia, wife of Cadmus. Leaving Thebes,

Cadmus and his wife went to Illyr´ia, and were both changed into

serpents for having killed a serpent sacred to Mars.—Ovid,

_Metamorphoses_, iv. 590, etc.

Never since of serpent-kind

Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed—

Hermionê and Cadmus.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ix. 505, etc. (1665).

_Hermionê_, (_4 syl._), wife of Leontês, king of Sicily. The king, being

jealous, sent her to prison, where she gave birth to a daughter, who, at

the king’s command, was to be placed on a desert shore and left to

perish. The child was driven by a storm to the “coast” of Bohemia, and

brought up by a shepherd who called her Per´dĭta. Florĭzel, the son of

Polixenês, king of Bohemia, fell in love with her, and they fled to

Sicily to escape the vengeance of the angry king. Being introduced to

Leontês, it was soon discovered that Perdita was his lost daughter, and

Polixenês gladly consented to the union he had before objected to.

Pauli´na (a lady about the court) now asked the royal party to her house

to inspect a statue of Hermionê, which turned out to be the living queen

herself.—Shakespeare, _The Winter’s Tale_ (1594).

_Hermionê_, (_4 syl._), only daughter of Helen and Menelā´os (_4 syl._)

king of Sparta. She was betrothed to Orestês, but after the fall of Troy

was promised by her father in marriage to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.

Orestes madly loved her, but Hermione as madly loved Pyrrhus. When

Pyrrhus fixed his affections on Androm´achê (widow of Hector, and his

captive), the pride and jealousy of Hermione were roused. At this

crisis, an embassy led by Orestês arrived at the court of Pyrrhus, to

demand the death of Asty´anax, the son of Andromachê and Hector, lest

when he grew to manhood he might seek to avenge his father’s death.

Pyrrhus declined to give up the boy, and married Andromachê. The passion

of Hermionê was now goaded to madness; and when she heard that the Greek

ambassadors had fallen on Pyrrhus and murdered him, she stabbed herself

and died.—Ambrose Philips, _The Distressed Mother_ (1712).

This was a famous part with Mrs. Porter (*-1762), and with Miss Young,

better known as Mrs. Pope (1740-1797).

_Hermionê_ (_4 syl._), daughter of Dannischemend, the Persian sorcerer,

mentioned in Donnerhugel’s narrative.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_

(time, Edward IV.).

_Hermionê_ (_The Lady_), or Lady Ermin´ia Pauletti, privately married to

Lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Hermit=, the pseudonym of the poet Hayley, the friend of Cowper.

_Hermit_ (_The English_), Roger Crab, who subsisted on three farthings a

week, his food being bran, herbs, roots, dock leaves, and mallows

(*-1680).

_Hermit_ (_Peter the_), the instigator of the first crusade (1050-1115).

=Hermit and the Youth= (_The_). A hermit, desirous to study the ways of

Providence, met with a youth, who became his companion. The first night,

they were most hospitably entertained by a nobleman, but at parting the

young man stole his entertainer’s golden goblet. Next day, they obtained

with difficulty of a miser shelter from a severe storm, and at parting

the youth gave him the golden goblet. Next night, they were modestly but

freely welcomed by one of the middle class, and at parting the youth

“crept to the cradle where an infant slept, and wrung its neck.” It was

the only child of their kind host. Leaving the hospitable roof, they

lost their way, and were set right by a guide, whom the youth pushed

into a river, and he was drowned. The hermit began to curse the youth,

when lo! he turned into an angel, who thus explained his acts:

“I stole the goblet from the rich lord to teach him not to trust in

uncertain riches. I gave the goblet to the miser to teach him that

kindness always meets its reward. I strangled the infant because the man

loved it better than he loved God. I pushed the guide into the river

because he intended at night-fall to commit a robbery.” The hermit bent

his head and cried, “The ways of the Lord are past finding out! but He

doeth all things well. Teach me to say with faith, ‘Thy will be

done?’”—Parnell. (1679-1717).

In the _Talmud_ is a similar and better allegory. Rabbi Jachanan

accompanied Elijah on a journey, and they came to the house of a poor

man, whose only treasure was a cow. The man and his wife ran to meet and

welcome the strangers, but next morning the poor man’s cow died. Next

night they were coldly received by a proud, rich man, who fed them only

with bread and water; and next morning Elijah sent for a mason to repair

a wall which was falling down, in return for the hospitality received.

Next night they entered a synagogue, and asked, “Who will give a night’s

lodging to two travellers!” but none offered to do so. At parting,

Elijah said, “I hope you will all be made presidents.” The following

night they were lodged by the members of another synagogue in the best

hotel of the place, and at parting Elijah said, “May the Lord appoint

over you but one president.” The rabbi, unable to keep silence any

longer, begged Elijah to explain the meaning of his dealings with men;

and Elijah replied:

“In regard to the poor man who received us so hospitably, it was decreed

that his wife was to die that night, but, in reward of his kindness, God

took the cow instead of the wife. I repaired the wall of the rich miser

because a chest of gold was concealed near the place, and if the miser

had repaired the wall he would have discovered the treasure. I said to

the inhospitable synagogue, ‘May each member be president,’ because no

one can serve two masters. I said to the hospitable synagogue, ‘May you

have but one president,’ because with one head there can be no divisions

of counsel. Say not, therefore, to the Lord, ‘What doest Thou?’ but say

in thy heart, ‘Must not the Lord of all the earth do right’”—_The

Talmud_ (“Trust in God”).

=Hermite= (_Tristan l’_) or “Tristan of the Hospital,” provost-marshal

of France. He was the main instrument in carrying out the nefarious

schemes of Louis XI, who used to call him his “gossip.” Tristan was a

stout, middle-sized man, with a hang-dog visage and most repulsive

smile.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein_ (time,

Edward IV.).

=Hero=, daughter of Leonāto, governor of Messi´na. She was of a quiet,

serious disposition, and formed a good contrast to the gay, witty

rattle-pate, called Beatrice, her cousin. Hero was about to be married

to Lord Claudio, when Don John played on her a most infamous practical

joke, out of malice. He bribed Hero’s waiting-woman to dress in Hero’s

clothes, and to talk with him by moonlight from the chamber balcony; he

then induced Claudio to hide himself in the garden, to overhear what was

said. Claudio, thinking the person to be Hero, was furious, and next day

at the altar rejected the bride with scorn. The priest, convinced of

Hero’s innocence, gave out that she was dead, the servant confessed the

trick, Don John took to flight, and Hero married Claudio, her

betrothed.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).

_Hero_, [SUTTON], niece of Sir William Sutton, and beloved by Sir

Valentine de Grey. Hero “was fair as no eye ever fairer saw, of noble

stature, head of antique mould, magnificent as far as may consist with

softness, features full of thought and moods, wishes and fancies, and

limbs the paragon of symmetry.” Having offended her lover by waltzing

with Lord Athunree, she assumed the garb of a quakeress, called herself

“Ruth,” and got introduced to Sir Valentine, who proposed marriage to

her, and then discovered that Hero was Ruth and Ruth was Hero.—S.

Knowles, _Woman’s Wit, etc._ (1838).

=Hero and Leander= (_3 syl._). Hero, a priestess of Venus, fell in love

with Leander, who swam across the Hellespont every night to visit her.

One night he was drowned in so doing, and Hero in grief threw herself

into the same sea.—Musæus, _Leander and Hero_.

=Hero of Fable= (_The_), the duc de Guise. Called by the French _L’Hero

de la Fable_ (1614-1664).

=Hero of History= (_The_), the duc d’Enghien, Prince of Condé. Called by

the French _L’Hero de l’Histoire_. This was Le grand Condé (1621-1687).

=Hero of Modern Italy=, Garibaldi (1807-1882).

=Herodias.= Divorced wife of Herodius Philippus, afterward married to

Herod Antipas, Mother of Salome and murderer of John the Baptist.

=Her´on= (_Sir George_), of Chip-chace, an officer with Sir John

Foster.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Heros´tratos= or EROSTRATOS, the Ephesian who set fire to the temple of

Ephesus (one of the seven wonders of the world) merely to immortalize

his name. The Ephesians made it penal even to mention his name.

Herostratus shall prove vice governes fame.

Who built that church he burnt hath lost his name.

Lord Brooke, _Inquisition upon Fame_ (1554-1628).

=Herrick.= Overseer on a Virginia plantation, whose only daughter is

burned to death trying to save a favorite horse of the man she loves

hopelessly.—Amelia C. Rives-Chanler, _Virginia of Virginia_, (1888).

=Herries= (_Lord_), a friend of Queen Mary of Scotland, and attending on

her at Dundrennan.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbott_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Herschel= (_Sir F. Wm._) discovered the eighth planet, at first called

the _Georgium sidus,_ in honor of George III., and now called _Saturn_.

In allusion to this, Campbell says he

Gave the lyre of heaven another string.

_Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799.)

=Hertford= (_The marquis of_), in the court of Charles II.—Sir W. Scott,

_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Her Trippa=, meant for Henry Cornelius Agrippa, of Nettesheim,

philosopher and physician. “Her” is a contraction of _He´ricus_, and

“Trippa” a play on the words _Agrippa_ and _tripe_.—Rabelais,

_Pantag´ruel_, iii. 25 (1545).

=Herwig=, king of Hel´igoland, betrothed to Gudrun, daughter of King

Hettel (_Attila_). She was carried off by Hartmuth, king of Norway, and

as she refused to marry him, was put to the most menial work. Herwig

conveyed an army into Norway, utterly defeated Hartmuth, liberated

Gudrun, and married her.—_Gudrun_, a German epic of the thirteenth

century.

=Her´zog= (_Duke_), commander-in-chief of the ancient Teutons

(_Germans_). The herzog was elected by the freemen of the tribe, but in

times of war and danger, when several tribes united, the princes

selected a leader, who was called also “herzog,” similiar to the Gaulish

“brennus” or “bren,” and the Celtic “pendragon” or head chief.

=Heskett= (_Ralph_), landlord of the village ale-house where Robin Oig

and Harry Wakefield fought.

_Dame Heskett_, Ralph’s wife.—Sir. W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time,

George III.).

=Hesper´ides= (_4 syl._) _The Hesper´ian Field._ The Hesperidês were the

women who guarded the golden apples which Earth gave to Herê at her

marriage with Zeus (_Jove_). They were assisted by the dragon Ladon. The

_Hesperian Fields_ are the orchards in which the golden apples grew. The

Island is one of the Cape Verd Isles, in the Atlantic.

=Hesperus=, the knight called by Tennyson “Evening Star;” but called in

the _History of Prince Arthur_, “the Green Knight” _or_ Sir Pertolope

(_3 syl._). One of the four brothers who kept the passages of Castle

Perilous.—Tennyson, _Idylls_ (“Gareth and Lynette”); Sir T. Malory,

_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 127 (1470).

⁂ It is a manifest blunder to call the _Green_ Knight “Hesperus the

Evening Star,” and the _Blue_ Knight the “Morning Star.” The old romance

makes the combat with the “Green Knight” at _dawn_, and with the “Blue

Knight” at _sunset_. The error has arisen from not bearing in mind that

our forefathers began the day with the preceding eve, and ended it at

sunset.

=Hetherford= (_Reuben_), stupid suitor of Molly Wilder. He will not

relinquish her, although assured that she is to marry another man, and

when the news comes that her husband has been drowned, renews his suit,

only to be again rejected.—Jane Goodwin Austin, _A Nameless Nobleman_

(1881).

=Hettly= (_May_), an old servant of Davie Deans.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of

Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Heyward= (_Duncan_). A major in the English army in America, sent to

escort the Munro sisters to their father, and sharer in the perils

incurred by them in their journey by stream and forest. He is beloved by

both sisters and marries Alice.—James Fennimore Cooper, _Last of the

Mohicans_.

=Heukbane= (_Mrs._), the butcher’s wife at Fairport, and a friend of

Mrs. Mailsetter.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Hew=, son of Lady Helen of “Merryland town” (_Milan_), enticed by an

apple presented to him by a Jewish maiden, who then “stabbed him with a

penknife, rolled the body in lead, and cast it into a well.” Lady Helen

went in search of her child, and its ghost cried out from the bottom of

the well:

The lead is wondrous heavy, mither;

The well is wondrous deep:

A keen penknife sticks in my heart;

A word I dounae speik.

Percy, _Reliques_, i. 3.

=Hewit= (_Godfrey Bertram_), natural son of Mr. Godfrey Betram.—Sir W.

Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hezekiah Grumbles=, intended by nature for a farmer; intended by

parents for a clergyman; makes a soldier of himself in the Civil War

1861-65.—William M. Baker, _The Making of a Man_ (1881).

=Hezekiah Bedott=, easy-going, meek and slow-spoken husband of Priscilla

Bedott. “Wonderful hand to moralize, specially after he begun to enjoy

poor health.”—Frances Miriam Twitcher, _The Widow Bedott Papers_ (1856).

=Hiawa´tha=, the prophet teacher, son of Mudjekee´wis (_the west wind_)

and Weno´nah, daughter of Noko´mis. He represents the progress of

civilization among the North American Indians. Hiawatha first wrestled

with Monda´min (_maize_), and, having subdued it, gave it to man for

food. He then taught man navigation; then he subdued Mishe Nah´ma (_the

sturgeon_), and taught the Indians how to make oil therefrom for winter.

His next exploit was against the magician Megissog´non, the author of

disease and death; having slain this monster, he taught man the science

of medicine. He then married Minneha´ha (_laughing water_), and taught

man to be the husband of one wife, and the comforts of domestic peace.

Lastly, he taught man picture-writing. When the white men came with the

gospel, Hiawatha ascended to the kingdom of Pone´mah, the land of the

hereafter.—Longfellow, _Hiawatha_.

_Hiawatha’s Moc´casins._ When Hiawatha put on his moccasins, he could

measure a mile at a single stride.

He had moccasins enchanted,

Magic moccasins of deer-skin;

When he bound them round his ankles

At each stride a mile he measured.

Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, iv.

_Hiawatha’s Great Friends_, Chibia´bos (the sweetest of all musicians)

and Kwa´sind (the strongest of all mortals).—Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, vi.

=Hick´athrift= (_Tom or Jack_), a poor laborer in the time of the

Conquest, of such enormous strength that he killed, with an axletree and

cartwheel, a huge giant, who lived in a marsh at Tylney, in Norfolk. He

was knighted, and made governor of Thanet. Hickathrift is sometimes

called _Hickafric_.

When a man sits down to write a history, though it be but the history of

Jack Hickathrift, ... he knows no more than his heels what lets ... he

is to meet with in his way.—Sterne.

=Hick´ory= (_Old_), General Andrew Jackson. He was first called “Tough,”

then “Tough as Hickory,” and, lastly, “Old Hickory.” Another story is

that in 1813, when engaged in war with the Creek Indians, he fell short

of supplies, and fed his men on hickory nuts (1767-1845).

=Hicks=, short, slight young man ... with an air at once amiable and

baddish, whose father sends him on a sea-voyage to cure him of

drunkenness.—William Dean Howells, _The Lady of the Aroostook_ (1879).

=Hi´erocles= (_4 syl._), the first person who compiled jokes and _bon

mots_. After a life-long labor, he got together twenty-one, which he

left to the world as his legacy. Hence arose the phrase, _An Hieroc´lean

legacy_, no legacy at all, or a legacy of empty promises, or a legacy of

no worth.

One of his anecdotes is that of a man who wanted to sell his house, and

carried about a brick to show as a specimen of it.

=Hieron´imo=, the chief character of Thomas Kyd’s drama in two parts,

pt. i. being called _Hieronimo_, and pt. ii. _The Spanish Tragedy_, or

_Hieronimo is Mad Again_. In the latter play, Horatio, only son of

Hieronimo, sitting with Belimpe´ria in an alcove, is murdered by his

rival, Balthazar, and the lady’s brother, Lorenzo. The murderers hang

the dead body on a tree in the garden, and Hieronimo, aroused by the

screams of Belimperia, rushing into the garden, sees the dead body of

his son, and goes raving mad (1588).

=Higden= (_Mrs. Betty_), an old woman nearly four score, very poor, but

hating the union-house more than she feared death. Betty Higden kept a

mangle, and “minded young children” at four-pence a week. A poor

workhouse lad named Sloppy helped her to turn the mangle. Mrs. Boffin

wished to adopt Johnny, Betty’s infant grandchild, but he died in the

Children’s Hospital.

She was one of those old women, was Mrs. Betty Higden, who, by dint of

an indomitable purpose and a strong constitution, fight out many years;

an active old woman, with a bright dark eye and a resolute face, yet

quite a tender creature, too.—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_, i. 16

(1864).

=Higg=, “the son of Snell,” the lame witness at the trial of

Rebecca.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Higgen, Prigg, Snapp, and Ferret=, knavish beggars in _The Beggar’s

Bush_, a drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).

=High and Low Heels=, two factions in Lilliput. So called from the high

and low heels of their shoes, badges of the two factions. The high heels

(_tories and the high-church party_) were friendly to the ancient

constitution of the empire, but the emperor employed the Low-heels

(_whigs and low-churchmen_) as his ministers of state.—Swift,

_Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Lilliput,” 1726).

=High Life Below Stairs=, a farce by the Rev. James Townley. Mr. Lovel,

a wealthy commoner, suspects his servants of “wasting his substance in

riotous living;” so, pretending to go to his country seat in Devonshire,

he assumes the character of a country bumpkin from Essex, and places

himself under the charge of his own butler, to learn the duties of a

gentleman servant. As the master is away, Philip (the butler) invites a

large party to supper, and supplies them with the choicest wines. The

servants all assume their masters’ titles, and address each other as “My

lord duke,” “Sir Harry,” “My Lady Charlotte,” “My Lady Bab,” etc., and

mimic the airs of their employers. In the midst of the banquet, Lovel

appears in his true character, breaks up the party, and dismisses his

household, retaining only one of the lot, named Tom, to whom he entrusts

the charge of the silver and plate (1759).

=Highland Mary=, immortalized by Robert Burns, is generally thought to

be Mary Campbell; but it seems more likely to be Mary Morison, “one of

the poet’s youthful loves.” Probably the songs, _Will ye go to the

Indies, my Mary?_ _Highland Mary_, _Mary Morison_, and _To Mary in

Heaven_, were all written on one and the same Mary, although some think

_Highland Mary_ and _Mary in Heaven_ refer to Mary Campbell, who, we are

told, was the poet’s first love.

=Highwaymen= (_Noted_).

CLAUDE DUVAL (*-1670). Introduced in _White Friars_, by Miss Robinson.

JAMES WHITNEY (1660-1594), aged 34.

JONATHAN WILD of Wolverhampton (1682-1725), aged 43. Hero and title of a

novel by Fielding (1744).

JACK SHEPPARD of Spitalfields (1701-1724), aged 24. Hero and title of a

novel by Defoe (1724); and of one by H. Ainsworth (1839).

DICK TURPIN, executed at York (1711-1739). Hero of a novel by H.

Ainsworth.

GALLOPING DICK, executed at Aylesbury in 1800.

CAPTAIN GRANT, the Irish highwayman, executed at Maryborough, in 1816.

SAMUEL GREENWOOD, executed at Old Bailey, 1822.

WILLIAM REA, executed at Old Bailey, 1828.

=Hilda=. Art student in Rome, beloved by Kenyon, another artist, and

friend of Miriam. Hilda is the accidental witness of the homicide

committed by Donatello, and the horror of the secret drives her almost

mad.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Marble Faun_.

_Hilda_. Wife of _Herluf_, who has excited his father—the “Judge’s”

wrath. The old man strikes his son while Hilda’s arms are about her

husband, and Herluf, maddened, leaves home and wife for America. Letters

from New York tell his father of his successes there, and he at last

begs Hilda to bring him home. She obeys, and the two men embrace with

tears.—Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, _A Child of the Age_ (1889).

_Hilda’s Little Hood_. Tale of a scarlet hood (with a pretty face within

it) that won a man’s heart.—Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen’s _Idylls of Norway_

(1882).

=Hilarius= (_Brother_), refectioner at St. Mary’s.—Sir W. Scott, _The

Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hildebrand=, Pope Gregory VII. (1013, 1073-1085). He demanded for the

Church the right of “investiture” or presentation to all ecclesiastical

benefices, the superiority of the ecclesiastical to the temporal

authority, enforced the celibacy of all clergymen, resisted simony, and

greatly advanced the domination of the popes.

We need another Hildebrand to shake

And purify us.

Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

_Hil´debrand_ (_Meister_), the Nestor of German romance, a magician and

champion.

⁂ Maugis, among the paladins of Charlemagne, sustained a similar twofold

character.

=Hil´debrod= (_Jacob_, _duke_), president of the Alsatian Club.—Sir W.

Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Hil´desheim=. The monk of Hildesheim, doubting how a thousand years

with God could be “only one day,” listened to the melody of a bird in a

green wood, as he supposed, for only three minutes, but found that he

had in reality been listening to it for a hundred years.

=Hill= (_Dr. John_), whose pseudonym was “Mrs. Glasse.” Garrick said of

him:

For physic and farces,

His equal there scarce is.

For his farces are physic, and his physic a farce is.

=Hil´lary= (_Tom_), apprentice of Mr. Lawford, the town clerk.

Afterwards Captain Hillary.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_

(time, George II.).

=Hinch´up= (_Dame_), a peasant, at the execution of Meg Murdockson.—Sir

W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Hin´da=, daughter of Al Hassan, the Arabian emir of Persia. Her lover,

Hafed, a gheber or fire-worshipper, was the sworn enemy of the emir. Al

Hassan sent Hinda away, but she was taken captive by Hafed’s party.

Hafed, being betrayed to Al Hassan, burnt himself to death in the sacred

fire, and Hinda cast herself headlong into the sea.—T. Moore, _Lalla

Rookh_ (“The Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

=Hinzelmann=, the most famous house-spirit or kobold of German legend.

He lived four years in the old castle of Hudemühlen, and then

disappeared for ever (1588).

=Hippol´ito=. So Browning spells the name of the son of Theseus (2

_syl._) and An´tiopê. Hippolito fled all intercourse with woman. Phædra,

his mother-in-law, tried to seduce him, and when he resisted her

solicitations, accused him to her husband of attempting to dishonor her.

After death he was restored to life under the name of Virbius

(_vir-bis_, “twice a man”). (See HIPPOLYTOS).

Hippolito, a youth who never knew a woman.

Browning.

=Hippol´yta=, queen of the Am´azons, and daughter of Mars. She was

famous for a girdle given her by the war-god, which Herculês had to

obtain possession of as one of his twelve labors.

⁂ Shakespeare has introduced Hippolyta in his _Midsummer Night’s Dream_,

and betroths her to Theseus (2 _syl._) duke of Athens; but according to

classic fable, it was her sister An´tiopê (4 _syl._) who married

Theseus.

_Hippolyta_, a rich lady wantonly in love with Arnoldo. By the cross

purposes of the plot, Leopold, a sea-captain, is enamoured of Hippolyta,

Arnoldo is contracted to the chaste Zeno´cia, and Zenocia is

dishonorably pursued by the Governor Count Clo´dio.—Beaumont and

Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

=Hippolytos= (in Latin, _Hippolytus_), son of Theseus. He provoked the

anger of Venus by disregarding her love, and Venus, in revenge, made

Phædra (his mother-in-law) fall in love with him, and when Hippolytos

repulsed her advances, she accused him to her husband of seeking to

dishonor her. Theseus prayed Neptune to punish the young man, and the

sea-god, while the young man was driving in his chariot, scared the

horses with sea-calves. Hippolytos was thrown from the chariot and

killed, but Diana restored him to life again. (See HIPPOLITO.)

Hippolytus himself would leave Diana

To follow such a Venus.

Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_, iii. 1 (1628).

=Hippom´enes= (4 _syl._), a Grecian prince who outstripped Atalanta in a

foot-race, by dropping three golden apples, which she stopped to pick

up. By this conquest he won Atalanta to wife.

E’en here, in this region of wonders, I find

That light-footed Fancy leaves Truth far behind;

Or, at least, like Hippomenês, turns her astray

By the golden illusions he flings in her way.

T. Moore.

=Hippot´ades= (4 _syl._), Eŏlus, the wind-god, son of Hippota.

[_He_] questioned every gust of rugged winds

That blows from off each beaked promontory:

They knew not of his story;

And sage Hippotadês, their answer brings,

That not a blast was from his dungeon strayed.

Milton, _Lycidas_ (1638).

=Hiren=, a strumpet. From Peele’s play _The Turkish Mahomet and Hyren

the Fair Greek_ (1584).

In Italian called a _courtezan_; in Spain a _margarite_; in French _une

putaine_; in English...a punk.

“There be Sirens in the sea of the world. Syrens? _Hirens_, as they are

now called. What a number of these sirens [_Hirens_], cockatrices,

courteghians, in plain English, harlots, swimme amongst us!”—Adams,

_Spiritual Navigator_ (1615).

=Hiroux= (_Jean_), the French “Bill Sikes,” with all the tragic elements

eliminated.

_Pres._ Where do you live? _Jean._ Haven’t got any.

_Pres._ Where were you born? _Jean._ At Galard.

_Pres._ Where is that? _Jean._ At Galard.

_Pres._ What department? _Jean._ Galard.

Henri Monnier, _Popular Scenes drawn with Pen and Ink_ (1825).

=Hislop= (_John_), the old carrier at Old St. Ronan’s.—Sir W. Scott,

_St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Histor´icus=, the _nom de plume_ of the Hon. E. Vernon Harcourt, for

many years the most slashing writer in the _Saturday Review_, and a

writer in the _Times_.

=History= (_Father of_). Herod´otos, the Greek historian, is so called

by Cicero (B.C. 484-408).

_History_ (_Father of Ecclesiastical_), Polygnotos of Thaos (fl. B. C.

463-435). The Venerable Bede is so called sometimes (672-735).

_History_ (_Father of French_), Andre Duchesne (1584-1640).

=Histrio-mastix=, a tirade against theatrical exhibitions, by William

Prynne (1632).

=Ho´amen=, an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri,

having Az´tlan for their imperial city. The Az´tecas conquered the

tribe, deposed the queen, and seized their territory by right of

conquest. When Madoc landed on the American shore, he took the part of

the Hoamen, and succeeded in restoring them to their rights. The Aztecas

then migrated to Mexico (twelfth century).—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Hob Miller= of Twyford, an insurgent.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_

(time, Henry II.).

=Hob or Happer=, miller at St. Mary’s Convent.

_Mysie Happer_, the miller’s daughter. She marries Sir Piercie

Shafton.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hob´bididance= (_4 syl._), the prince of dumbness, and one of the five

fiends that possessed “poor Tom.”—Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act iv. sc.

1 (1605).

⁂ This name is taken from Harsnett’s _Declaration of Egregious

Popish-Impostures_ (1561-1631).

=Hobbie O’Sorbie´trees,= one of the huntsmen near Charlie’s Hope

farm.—Sir. W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.)

=Hob´bima= (_The English_), John Crome, of Norwich, whose last words

were: “O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!” (1769-1821).

_Hob´bima (The Scotch)_, P. Nasmyth (1831- ).

⁂ Minderhout Hobbima, a famous landscape painter of Amsterdam

(1638-1709).

=Hobbinol.= (See HOBINOL).

=Hobbler= or CLOPINEL, Jehan de Meung, the French poet, who was lame

(1260-1320). Meung was called by his contemporaries _Père de

l’Eloquence_.

⁂ Tyrtæus, the Greek elegiac poet, was called “Hobbler” because he

introduced the alternate pentameter verse, which is one foot shorter

than the old heroic metre.

_Hobbler (The Rev. Dr.)_, at Ellieslaw Castle, one of the Jacobite

conspirators with the laird of Ellieslaw.—Sir W. Scott _The Black Dwarf_

(time, Anne).

=Hobby-horse= (_The_), one of the masquers at Kennaquhair Abbey.—Sir W.

Scott, _The Abbot_ (time Elizabeth).

=Hobinol= or =Hobbinol= is Gabriel Harvey, physician, LL.D., a friend

and college chum of Edmund Spenser, the poet. Spenser, in his ecl. iv.,

makes Thenot inquire, “What gars thee to weep?” and Hobinol replies it

is because his friend Colin, having been flouted by Rosalind (ecl. i.),

has broken his pipe and seems heart-broken with grief. Thenot then begs

Hobinol to sing to him one of Colin’s own songs, and Hobinol sings the

lay of “Elisa, queen of the shepherds” (_Queen Elizabeth_), daughter of

Syrinx and Pan (_Anne Boleyn_ and _Henry VIII._). He says Phœbus thrust

out his golden head to gaze on her, and was amazed to see a sun on earth

brighter and more dazzling than his own. The Graces requested she might

make a fourth grace, and she was received amongst them and reigned with

them in heaven. The shepherds then strewed flowers to the queen, and

Elisa dismissed them, saying that at the proper season she would reward

them with ripe damsons (ecl. iv.) Ecl. ix. is a dialogue between Hobinol

and Diggon Davie, upon Popish abuses. (See DIGGON DAVIE).—Spenser,

_Shephearde’s Calendar_ (1572.)

=Hobnel´ia=, a shepherdess, in love with Lubberkin, who disregarded her.

She tried by spells to win his love, and after every spell she said:

With my sharp heel I three times mark the ground,

And turn me thrice around, around, around.

Gay, _Pastoral_, iv. (1717).

=Hob´son= (_Thomas_), a carrier who lived at Cambridge in the

seventeenth century. He kept a livery stable, but obliged the university

students to take his hacks in rotation. Hence the term _Hobson’s choice_

came to signify “this or none.” Milton (in 1660) wrote two humorous

poems on the death of the old carrier.

=Hochspring´en= (_The young duke of_), introduced in Donnerhugel’s

narrative.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hocus= (_Humphry_), “the attorney” into whose hands John Bull and his

friends put the law-suit they carried on against Lewis Baboon (_Louis

XIV_.). Of course, Humphry Hocus is John Churchill, duke of Mariborough,

who commanded the army employed against the Grand Monarque.

Hocus was an old cunning attorney; and though this was the first

considerable suit he was ever engaged in, he showed himself superior in

address to most of his profession. He always kept good clerks. He loved

money, was smooth-tongued, gave good words, and seldom lost his

temper.... He provided plentifully for his family; but he loved himself

better than them all. The neighbors reported that he was henpecked,

which was impossible by such a mild-spirited woman as his wife was [_his

wife was a desperate termagant_].—Dr. Arbuthnot, _History of John Bull_,

v. (1712).

=Hodei´rah= (_3 syl._), husband of Zei´nab (_2 syl._) and father of

Thalaba. He died while Thalaba was a mere lad.—Southey, _Thalaba the

Destroyer_, i. (1797).

=Hodeken= (_i.e. little hat_), a German kobold or domestic fairy, noted

for his little felt hat.

=Hö´der=, the Scandinavian god of darkness, typical of night. He is

called the blind old god. Balder is the god of light, typical of day.

According to fable Höder killed Balder with an arrow made of mistletoe,

but the gods restored him to life again.

Höder, the blind old god,

Whose feet are shod with silence.

Longfellow, _Tegner’s Death_.

=Hodge=, Gammer Gurton’s goodman, whose breeches she was repairing when

she lost her needle.—Mr. S., Master of Arts, _Gammer Gurton’s Needle_

(1551).

⁂ Mr. S. is said to be J. Still, afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells,

but in 1551 he was only eight years old.

=Hodges= (_John_), one of Waverley’s servants.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_

(time, George II.).

_Hodges (Joe)_, landlord of Bertram, by the lake near Merwyn Hall.—Sir

W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hodge´son= (_Gaffer_), a puritan.—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_

(time, Charles II.).

=Hoel= (_2 syl._), king of the Armorican Britons, and nephew of King

Arthur. Hoel sent an army of 15,000 men to assist his uncle against the

Saxons (501). In 509, being driven from his kingdom by Clovis, he took

refuge in England; but in 513 he recovered his throne, and died in 545.

[_Arthur_], calling to his aid

His kinsman Howel, brought from Brittany, the less,

Their armies they unite.... [_and conquer the Saxons at Lincoln_].

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).

_Ho´el_, son of Prince Hoel and Lla´ian. Prince Hoel was slain in battle

by his half-brother David, king of North Wales, and Llaian, with her

son, followed the fortunes of Prince Madoc, who migrated to North

America. Young Hoel was kidnapped by Ocell´opan, an Az´tec, and carried

to Az´tlan for a propitiatory sacrifice to the Aztecan gods. He was

confined in a cavern without food; but Co´atel, a young Aztecan wife,

took pity on him, visited him, supplied him with food, and assisted

Madoc to release him.—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Ho´garth= (_William_), called “The Juvenal of Painters” (1695-1764).

_Hogarth (The Scottish)_, David Allan (1744-1796).

=Hogarth of Novelists=, Henry Fielding (1707-1754).

=Hold´enough= (_Master Nehemiah_), a Presbyterian preacher, ejected from

his pulpit by a military preacher.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time,

Commonwealth).

=Holgrave=, daguerreotypist, who rents a room from Miss Hepzibah

Pyncheon, falls in love with and marries Phœbe Pyncheon.—Nathaniel

Hawthorne, _The House of the Seven Gables_ (1851).

=Holiday= (_Erasmus_), schoolmaster in the Vale of Whitehorse.—Sir W.

Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Holipher´nes= (_4 syl._), called “English Henry,” one of the Christian

knights in the allied army of Godfrey, in the first crusade. He was

slain by Dragu´tês (_3 syl._). (See HOLOPHERNES).—Tasso, _Jerusalem

Delivered_, ix. (1575).

=Hollingsworth=. Big, one-ideaed philanthropist, and a leader in the

Blithedale farm project. “He had taught his benevolence to pour its warm

tide exclusively through one channel, so that there was nothing to spare

for other great manifestations of love to man, nor scarcely for the

nutriment of individual attachments, unless they could minister, in some

way, to the terrible egotism which he mistook for an angel of GOD.”

He is beloved by _Zenobia_, and gives what love he can spare from

himself and his Idea to weak, silly _Priscilla_.—Nathaniel Hawthorne,

_The Blithedale Romance_ (1852).

=Holman= (_Lieutenant James_), the blind traveller (1787-1857).

=Hol´opherne= (_Thubal_), the great sophister, who, in the course of

five years and three months, taught Gargantua to say his ABC

backwards.—Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 14 (1533).

=Holopher´nes= (_4 syl._). a pedantic schoolmaster, who speaks like a

dictionary. The character is meant for John Florio, a teacher of Italian

in London, who published, in 1598, a dictionary called _A World of

Words_. He provoked the retort by condemning wholesale the English

dramas, which, he said, were “neither right comedies nor right

tragedies, but perverted histories without decorum.” The following

sentence is a specimen of the style in which Shakespeare caricatured his

style:

The deer was...in _sanguis_ (blood), ripe as a pomewater who now hangeth

like a jewel in the ear of _cœlo_ (the sky, the welkin, the heaven); and

anon falleth like a crab on the face of _terra_ (the soil, the land, the

earth).—Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_, act iv. sc. 2 (1594).

⁂ _Holophernes_ is an imperfect anagram of “Joh´nes Florio,” the first

and last letters being omitted, F=ph.

=Holt= (_Felix_). A collarless radical who sets a neighborhood by the

ears, and stultifies himself by wooing a gentlewoman.—George Eliot,

_Felix Holt_ (_Radical_).

=Holy Bottle= (_The Oracle of the_), the object of Pantag´ruel’s search.

He visited various lands with his friend Panurge (2 _syl._), the last

place being the island of Lantern-land, where the “bottle” was kept in

an alabaster fount in a magnificent temple. When the party arrived at

the sacred spot, the priestess threw something into the fount; whereupon

the water began to bubble, and the word “Drink” issued from the

“bottle.” So the whole party set to drinking Falernian wine, and, being

inspired with drunkenness, raved with prophetic madness; and so the

romance ends.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_ (1545).

Like Pantagruel and his companions in quest of the “Oracle of the

Bottle.”—Sterne.

=Holy Brotherhood= (_The_), in Spain called _Santa Hermandad_, was an

association for the suppression of highway robbery.

The thieves,...believing the Holy Brotherhood was coming...got up in a

hurry, and alarmed their companions.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 6 (1715).

=Holy Maid of Kent=, Elizabeth Barton, who incited the Roman Catholics

to resist the progress of the Reformation, and pretended to act under

divine inspiration. She was executed in 1534 for “predicting” that the

king (Henry VIII.) would die a sudden death if he divorced Queen

Katharine and married Anne Boleyn. At one time she was thought to be

inspired with a prophetic gift, and even the lord chancellor, Sir Thomas

More, was inclined to think so.

=Home, Sweet Home=. The words of this popular song are by John Howard

Payne, an American. It is introduced in his melodrama called _Clari_, or

_The Maid of Milan_. The music is by Sir Henry Bishop, and was

originally sung in 1823 by Miss M. Tree.

=Homer= (_The British_). Milton is so called on Gray’s monument in

Westminster Abbey.

No more the Grecian muse unrivalled reigns;

To Britain let the nations homage pay:

She felt a Homer’s fire in Milton’s strains,

A Pindar’s rapture in the lyre of Gray.

_Homer_ (_The Casket_), an edition of _Homer_ corrected by Aristotle,

which Alexander the Great carried about with him, and placed in the

golden casket richly studded with gems, found in the tent of Darīus.

Alexander said there was but one thing in the world worthy to be kept in

so precious a casket, and that was Aristotle’s _Homer_.

_Homer_ (_The Celtic_), Ossian, son of Fingal, king of Morven.

_Homer_ (_The Oriental_), Ferdusi, the Persian poet, who wrote the _Shâh

Nâmeh_, or history of the Persian kings. It contains 120,000 verses, and

was the work of thirty years (940-1020).

_Homer_ (_The Prose_). Henry Fielding, the novelist, is called by Byron

“The Prose Homer of Human Nature” (1707-1764).

_Homer_ (_The Scottish_), William Wilkie, author of _The Epigon´iad_

(1721-1772).

=Homer of our Dramatic Poets= (_The_). So Shakespeare is called by

Dryden (1564-1616).

Shakespeare was the Homer or father of our dramatic poets; Jonson was

the Virgil. I admire rare Ben, but I love Shakespeare.—Dryden.

=Homer of Ferra´ra= (_The_). Ariosto was called by Tasso, _Omero

Ferraresê_ (1474-1533).

=Homer of the Franks= (_The_), Angilbert was so called by Charlemagne

(died 814).

=Homer of the French Drama= (_The_). Pierre Corneille was so called by

Sir Walter Scott (1606-1684).

=Homer of Philosophers= (_The_), Plato (B. C. 429-347).

=Homer the Younger=, Philiscos, one of the seven Pleiad poets of

Alexandria, in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphos.

=Homeric Characters.=

AGAMEMNON, haughty and imperious; ACHILLES, brave, impatient of command,

and relentless; DIOMED, brave as Achilles, but obedient to authority;

AJAX _the Greater_, a giant in stature, fool-hardy, arrogant, and

conceited; NESTOR, a sage old man, garrulous on the glories of his

youthful days; ULYSSES, wise, crafty, and arrogant; PATROCLOS, a gentle

friend; THERSITES, a scurrilous demagogue.

HECTOR, the protector and father of his country, a brave soldier, an

affectionate husband, a wise counsellor, and a model prince; SARPEDON,

the favorite of the gods, gallant and generous; PARIS, a gallant and a

fop; TROILUS, “the prince of chivalry;” PRIAM, a broken-spirited old

monarch.

HELEN, a heartless beauty, faithless, and fond of pleasure; ANDROM´ACHÊ,

a fond young mother and affectionate wife; CASSANDRA, a querulous,

croaking prophetess; HECUBA, an old she-bear robbed of her whelps.

=Homespun= (_Zekiel_), a farmer of Castleton. Being turned out of his

farm, he goes to London to seek his fortune. Though quite illiterate, he

has warm affections, noble principles, and a most ingenious mind. Zekiel

wins £20,000 by a lottery ticket, bought by his deceased father.

_Cicely Homespun_, sister of Zekiel, betrothed to Dick Dowlas (for a

short time the Hon. Dick Dowlas). When Cicely went to London with her

brother, she took a situation with Caroline Dormer. Miss Dormer married

“the heir-at-law” of Baron Duberly, and Cicely married Dick Dowlas.—G.

Colman, _The Heir-at Law_ (1797).

=Hominy= (_Mrs._), philosopher and authoress, wife of Major Hominy, and

“mother of the modern Gracchi,” as she called her daughter, who lived at

New Thermopylæ, three days this side of “Eden,” in America. Mrs. Hominy

was considered by her countrymen a “very choice spirit.”—C. Dickens,

_Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Homo Sum.= A story by George Ebers, telling of the life, temptations,

and victories of certain anchorites living on Mt. Sinai.

=Honest George.= General George Monk, duke of Albemarle, was so called

by the Cromwellites (1608-1670).

=Honest Man.= Diogenês, being asked one day what he was searching for so

diligently that he needed the light of a lantern in broad day, replied,

“An honest man.”

Searched with lantern-light to find an honest man.

Southey, _Roderick, etc._, xxi. (1814).

Still will he hold his lantern up to scan

The face of monarchs for an honest man.

Byron, _Age of Bronze_, x. (1821).

=Honest Thieves= (_The_). The “thieves” are Ruth and Arabella, two

heiresses, brought up by Justice Day, trustee of the estates of Ruth and

guardian of Arabella. The two girls wish to marry Colonel Careless and

Captain Manly, but do not know how to get possession of their property,

which is in the hands of Justice Day. It so happens that Day goes to pay

a visit, and the two girls, finding the key of his strong box, help

themselves to the deeds, etc., to which they are respectively entitled.

Mrs. Day, on her return, accuses them of robbery; but Manly says,

“Madam, they have taken nothing but what is their own. They are honest

thieves, I assure you.”—T. Knight (a farce).

⁂ This is a mere _rifacimento_ of _The Committee_ (1670), by the Hon.

Sir R. Howard. Most of the names are identical, but “Captain Manly” is

substituted for Colonel Blunt.

=Honey.= Glaucus, son of Minos, was smothered in a cask of honey.

=Honeycomb= (_Will_), a fine gentleman, the great authority on the

fashions of the day. He was one of the members of the imaginary club

from which the _Spectator_ issued.—_The Spectator_ (1711-1713).

=Honeycombe= (_Mr._), the uxorious husband of Mrs. Honeycombe, and

father of Polly. Self-willed, passionate, and tyrannical. He thinks to

bully Polly out of her love-nonsense, and by locking her in her chamber

to keep her safe, forgetting that “love laughs at locksmiths,” and

“where there’s a will there’s a way.”

_Mrs. Honeycombe_, the dram-drinking, maudling, foolish wife of Mr.

Honeycombe, always ogling him, calling him “lovey,” “sweeting,” or

“dearie,” but generally muzzy, and obfuscated with cordials or other

messes.

_Polly Honeycombe_, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Honeycombe; educated by

novels, and as full of romance as Don Quixote. Mr. Ledger, a stock

broker, pays his addresses to her; but she hates him, and determines to

elope with Mr. Scribble, an attorney’s clerk, and nephew of her nurse.

This folly, however, is happily interrupted.—G. Colman, the elder,

_Polly Honeycombe_ (1760).

=Honeyman= (_Charles_), a free-and-easy clergyman, of social habits and

fluent speech,—Thackeray, _The Newcomes_ (1855).

=Honeymoon= (_The_), a comedy by J. Tobin (1804). The general scheme

resembles that of the _Taming of the Shrew_, viz., breaking-in an unruly

colt of high mettle to the harness of wifely life. The duke of Aranza

marries the proud, overbearing, but beautiful Juliana, eldest daughter

of Balthazar. After marriage, he takes her to a mean hut, and pretends

he is only a peasant, who must work for his daily bread, and that his

wife must do the household drudgery. He acts with great gentleness and

affection; and by the end of the month, Juliana, being thoroughly

reformed, is introduced to the castle, where she finds that her husband

after all is the duke, and that she is the duchess of Aranza. It is an

excellent and well written comedy.

=Honeywood=, “the good-natured man,” whose property is made the prey of

swindlers. His uncle, Sir William Honeywood, in order to rescue him from

sharpers, causes him to be seized for a bill to which he has lent his

name “to a friend who absconded.” By this arrest the young man is taught

to discriminate between real friends and designing knaves. Honeywood

dotes on Miss Richland, but fancies she loves Mr. Lofty, and therefore

forbears to avow his love; eventually, however, all comes right.

Honeywood promises to “reserve his pity for real distress, and his

friendship for real merit.”

_Sir William Honeywood_, uncle of Mr. Honeywood “the good-natured man.”

Sir William sees with regret the faults of his nephew, and tries to

correct them. He is a dignified and high-minded gentleman.—Goldsmith,

_The Good-natured Man_ (1767).

=Hono´ra=, daughter of General Archas, “the loyal subject” of the

great-duke of Moscovia, and sister of Viola.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The

Loyal Subject_ (1618).

=Hono´ria=, a fair but haughty dame, greatly loved by Theodore of

Ravenna; but the lady “hated him alone,” and, “the more he loved the

more she disdained.” One day she saw the ghost of Guido Cavalcanti

hunting with two mastiffs a damsel who despised his love and who was

doomed to suffer a year for every month she had tormented him. Her

torture was to be hunted by dogs, torn to pieces, disemboweled, and

restored to life again every Friday. This vision so acted on the mind of

Honoria, that she no longer resisted the love of Theodore, but, “with

the full consent of all, she changed her state.”—Dryden, _Theodore and

Honoria_ (a poem).

⁂ This tale is from Boccaccio, _Decameron_ (day v. 8).

=Honour= (_Mrs._), the waiting gentlewoman of Sophia Western.—Fielding,

_Tom Jones_ (1749).

This is worse than Sophy Western and Mrs. Honour about Tom Jones’s

broken arm.—Prof. J. Wilson.

=Honour and Glory Griffiths.= Captain Griffiths, in the reign of William

IV., was so called because he used to address his letters to the

Admiralty, to “Their Honours and Glories at the Admiralty.”

Honor is often personified by the poets. Emerson said of Judge Hoar,

“When he sat upon the bench, Honor came and sat beside him.”

=Honors= (_Crushed by His_ or _Her_).

Tarpeia (3 _syl._), daughter of Tarpeius (governor of the citadel of

Rome), promised to open the gates to Tatius, if his soldiers would give

her the ornaments they wore on their arms. As the soldiers entered the

gate, they threw on her their shields, and crushed her to death, saying,

“These are the ornaments we Sabines wear on our arms.”

Draco, the Athenian legislator, was crushed to death in the theatre of

Ægīna by the number of caps and cloaks showered on him by the audience,

as a mark of honor.

Elagab´alus, the Roman emperor, invited the leading men of Rome to a

banquet, and, under pretense of showing them honor, rained roses upon

them till they were smothered to death.

=Hood= (_Riley_), smart boy who is willing that his grandmother “may pit

Gener’l Washington an’ the old man Noah agin one ’nother right at the

door of the ark,” provided his father does not compel him to

authenticate her stories or be thrashed.—Richard Malcolm Johnston,

_Other Georgia Folk_ (1887).

_Hood_ (_Robin_), a famous English outlaw. Stow places him in the reign

of Richard I., but others make him live at divers periods between Cœur

de Lion and Edward II. His chief haunt was Sherwood Forest, in

Nottinghamshire. Ancient ballads abound with anecdotes of his personal

courage, his skill in archery, his generosity, and great popularity. It

is said that he robbed the rich, but gave largely to the poor, and

protected women and children with chivalrous magnanimity. The ballad,

“The Death of Robin Hood,” says that he was treacherously bled to death

by his sister, the Prioress of the Abbey of Kirklees.

Stukeley asserts that Robin Hood was Robert Fitzooth, earl of

Huntingdon; and it is probable that his name _hood_, like _capet_ given

to the French king of the Hugues, refers to the cape or hood which he

usually wore.

⁂ The chief incidents of his life are recorded by Stow. Ritson has

collected a volume of songs, ballads, and anecdotes called _Robin Hood

... that Celebrated English Outlaw_ (1795). Sir W. Scott has introduced

him in his famous novel _Ivanhoe_, which makes the outlaw contemporary

with Cœur de Lion.

_Robin Hood’s Men._ The most noted of his followers were Little John,

whose surname was Nailor; his chaplain, Friar Tuck; William Scarlet,

Scathelooke (2 _syl._), or Scadlock, sometimes called two brothers; Will

Stutly or Stukely; Mutch, the miller’s son; and the maid Marian.

=Hookem= (_Mr._), partner of lawyer Clip-purse at Waverley Honor.—Sir.

W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Hooker= (_Thomas_). In his eulogy upon Master Thomas Hooker, Cotton

Mather “invites the reader to behold at once the wonders of New England,

and it is in one Thomas Hooker that he shall behold them.”—Cotton

Mather, D. D., _Magnolia Christi Americana_ (1702).

=Hop= (_Robin_), the hop plant.

Get into thy hop-yard, for now it is time

To teach Robin Hop on his pole how to climb.

T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good

Husbandry_, xli. 17 (1557).

=Hope.= The name of the first woman, according to Grecian mythology, was

Pandôra, made by Hephæstos (_Vulcan_) out of earth. She was called

Pandôra (“all-gifted”) because all the deities contributed something to

her charms. She married Epime´theus (4 _syl._), in whose house was a box

which no mortal might open. Curiosity induced Pandôra to peep into it,

when out flew all the ills of humanity, and she had just time to close

the lid to prevent the escape of Hope also.

When man and nature mourned their first decay ...

All, all forsook the friendless, guilty mind,

But Hope—the charmer lingered still behind.

Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799).

_Hope_ (_The Bard of_), Thomas Campbell, who wrote _The Pleasures of

Hope_, in two parts (1777-1844).

_Hope_ (_Dorothy_). An ingenuous, dimpled village girl, who attracts the

fancy and satisfies the heart of a world-weary man.—Ellen Olney Kirk,

_Daughter of Eve_ (1889).

_Hope_ (_The Cape of Good_), originally called “The Cape of Storms”.

Similarly, the Euxine (_i.e._ “hospitable”) Sea was originally called by

the Greeks, the Axine (_i.e._ “the inhospitable”) Sea.

=Hope Diamond= (_The_), a blue brilliant, weighing 44-1/4 carats.

It is supposed that this diamond is the same as the blue diamond bought

by Louis XIV. in 1608, of Tavernier. It weighed in the rough 112-1/4

carats, and after being cut 67-1/8 carats. In 1792 it was lost. In 1830

Mr. Daniel Eliason came into possession of a blue diamond without any

antecedent history. This was bought by Mr. Henry Thomas Hope, and is

called “The Hope Diamond.”

=Hope of Troy= (_The_), Hector.

[_He_] stood against them, as the Hope of Troy

Against the Greeks.

Shakespeare, 3 _Henry VI._ act ii. sc. 1 (1592).

=Hopeful=, a companion of Christian after the death of Faithful at

Vanity Fair.—Bunyan, _The Pilgrim’s Progress_, i, (1678).

=Hope-on-High Bomby=, a puritanical character, drawn by Beaumont and

Fletcher.

“Well,” said Wildrake, “I think I can make a Hope-on-High Bomby as well

as thou canst.”—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_, vii.

=Hopkins= (_Matthew_), of Manningtree, Essex, the witch-finder. In one

year he caused sixty persons to be hanged as reputed witches.

Between three and four thousand persons suffered death for witchcraft

between 1643 and 1661.—Dr. Z. Grey.

_Hopkins_ (_Nicholas)_, a Chartreux friar, who prophesied “that neither

the king [_Henry VIII._] nor his heirs should prosper, but that the duke

of Buckingham should govern England.”

_1st Gent._ That devil-monk, Hopkins, hath made this mischief.

_2nd Gent._ That was he that fed him with his prophecies.

Shakespeare, _Henry VIII._ act ii. sc. 1 (1601).

=Hop-o’-my-Thumb=, a character in several nursery tales. Tom Thumb and

Hop-o’-my-thumb are not the same, although they are often confounded

with each other. Tom Thumb was the son of peasants, knighted by King

Arthur, and was killed by a spider; but Hop-’o-my-thumb was a nix, the

same as the German _daumling_, the French _le petit pouce_, and the

Scotch _Tom-a-lin_ or Tamlane. He was not a human dwarf, but a fay of

usual fairy proportions.

Yon Stump-o’-the-gutter, yon Hop-o’-my-thumb,

Your husband must from Lilliput come.

Kane O’Hara, _Midas_ (1778).

=Horace=, son of Oronte (2 _syl._) and lover of Agnes. He first sees

Agnes in a balcony, and takes off his hat in passing. Agnes returns his

salute, “pour ne point manquer à la civilité.” He again takes off his

hat, and she again returns the compliment. He bows a third time, and she

returns his “politeness” a third time. “Il passe, vient, repasse, et

toujours me fait a chaque fois révérence, et moi nouvelle révérence

aussi je lui rendois.” An intimacy is soon established, which ripens

into love. Oronte tells his son he intends him to marry the daughter of

Enrique (2 _syl._), which he refuses to do; but it turns out that Agnes

is in fact Enrique’s daughter, so that love and obedience are easily

reconciled.—Molière, _L’école des Femmes_ (1662).

_Horace_ (_The English_). Ben Jonson is so called by Dekker the

dramatist (1574-1637).

Cowley was preposterously called by George, duke of Buckingham “The

Pindar, Horace, and Virgil of England” (1618-1667).

_Horace_ (_The French_), Jean Macrinus or Salmon (1490-1557).

Pierre Jean de Béranger is called “The Horace of France,” and “The

French Burns” (1780-1857).

_Horace_ (_The Portuguese_), A. Ferreira (1528-1569).

_Horace_ (_The Spanish_). Both Lupercio Argen´sola and his brother

Bartolome are so called.

=Horace de Brienne= (2 _syl._), engaged to Diana de Lascours; but after

the discovery of Ogari´ta [_alias_ Martha, Diana’s sister], he falls in

love with her, and marries her with the free consent of his former

choice.—E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

=Horatia=, daughter of Horatius, “the Roman father.” She was engaged to

Caius Curiatius, whom her surviving brother slew in the well-known

combat of the three Romans and three Albans. For the purpose of being

killed, she insulted her brother Publius in his triumph, and spoke

disdainfully of his “patriotic love,” which he preferred to filial and

brotherly affection. In his anger he stabbed his sister with his

sword.—Whitehead, _The Roman Father_ (1741).

=Hora´tio=, the intimate friend of Prince Hamlet.—Shakespeare, _Hamlet,

Prince of Denmark_ (1596).

_Horatio_, the friend and brother-in-law of Lord Al´tamont, who

discovers by accident that Calista, Lord Altamont’s bride, has been

seduced by Lothario, and informs Lord Altamont of it. A duel ensues

between the bridegroom and the libertine, in which Lothario is killed;

and Calista stabs herself.—N. Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ (1703).

=Horatius=, “the Roman father.” He is the father of the three Horatii

chosen by the Roman Senate to espouse the cause of Rome against the

Albans. He glories in the choice, preferring his country to his

offspring. His daughter, Horatia, was espoused to one of the Curiatii,

and was slain by her surviving brother for taunting him with murder

under the name of patriotism. The old man now renounced his son, and

would have given him up to justice, but king and people interposed in

his behalf.

_Publius Horatius_, the surviving son of “the Roman father.” He

pretended flight, and as the Curiatii pursued, “but not with equal

speed,” he slew them one by one as they came up.—Whitehead, _The Roman

Father_, (1741).

=Horatius= [=Cocles=], captain of the bridge-gate over the Tiber. When

Por´sĕna brought his host to replace Tarquin on the throne, the march on

the city was so sudden and rapid that the consul said, “The foe will be

upon us before we can cut down the bridge.” Horatius exclaimed, “If two

men will join me, I will undertake to give the enemy play till the

bridge is cut down.” Spurius Lartius and Herminius volunteered to join

him in this bold enterprise. Three men came against them and were cut

down. Three others met the same fate. Then the lord of Luna came with

his brand, “which none but he could wield,” but the Tuscan was also

despatched. Horatius then ordered his two companions to make good their

escape, and they just crossed the bridge as it fell in with a crash. The

bridge being down, Horatius threw himself into the Tiber and swam safe

to shore, amidst the applauding shouts of both armies.—Lord Macaulay,

_Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Horatius,” 1842).

=Horn= (_King_), hero of a French metrical romance, the original of our

_Childe Horne_ or _The Geste of Kyng Horn_. The French romance is

ascribed to Maistre Thomas; and Dr. Percy thinks the English romance is

of the twelfth century, but this is probably at least a century too

early.

=Horn of Chastity and Fidelity=.

Morgan la Faye sent King Arthur a drinking-horn, from which no lady

could drink who was not true to her husband, and no knight who was not

feal to his liege lord. Sir Lamorake sent this horn as a taunt to Sir

Mark, king of Cornwall.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_,

(1470).

Ariosto’s enchanted cup.

_The cuckold’s drinking-horn_, from which “no cuckold could drink

without spilling the liquor.”

=Horner= (_Jack_), the little boy who sat in a corner to eat his

Christmas pie, and thought himself wondrously clever because he

contrived to pull out a plum with his thumb.

Little Jack Horner sat in a corner,

Eating a Christmas pie;

He put in his thumb and pulled out a plum,

Saying, “What a good boy am I!”

_Nursery Rhyme_.

In _Notes and Queries_, xvi. 156, several explanations are offered,

ascribing a political meaning to the words quoted—Jack Horner being

elevated to a king’s messenger or king’s steward, and “the plum” pulled

out so cleverly being a valuable deed which the messenger abstracted.

=Horse.= The first to ride and tame a horse for the use of man was

Melizyus, king of Thessaly. (See MELIZYUS).

_Horse_ (_The Black_), the 7th Dragoon Guards (_not_ the 7th Dragoons).

They have black velvet facings, and their plume is black and white. At

one time they rode black horses.

_Horse_ (_The Green_), the 5th Dragoon Guards. (These are called “The

Princess Charlotte of Wales’s ...”). Facings dark green velvet, but the

plume is red and white.

_Horse_ (_The White_), the 3d Dragoon Guards. (These are called “The

Prince of Wales’s ...”).

⁂ All the Dragoon Guards have _velvet_ facings, except the 6th (or

“Carabiniers”), which have white _cloth_ facings. By facings are meant

the collar and cuffs.

N.B.—“The white horse within the Garter” is _not_ the heraldic insignia

of the White Horse Regiment or 3d Dragoon Guards, but of the 3d Hussars

(or “The King’s Own”), who have also a white plume. This regiment used

to be called “The 3d Light Dragoons.”

_Horse_ (_The Royal_), the Blues.

_Horse_ (_The Wooden_), a huge horse constructed by Ulysses and Diomed,

for secreting soldiers. The Trojans were told by Sinon it was an

offering made by the Greeks to the sea-god, to ensure a safe

home-voyage, adding that the blessing would pass from the Greeks to the

Trojans if the horse were placed within the city walls. The credulous

Trojans drew the monster into the city; but at night Sinon released the

soldiers from the horse and opened the gates to the Greek army. The

sentinels were slain, the city fired in several places, and the

inhabitants put to the sword. The tale of the “Wooden Horse” forms no

part of Homer’s _Iliad_, but is told by Virgil in his _Æne´id_. Virgil

borrowed the tale from Arctīnos of Milētus, one of the Cyclic poets, who

related the story of the “Wooden Horse” and the “burning of Troy.”

⁂ A very similar strategem was employed in the seventh century A.D. by

Abu Obeidah in the siege of Arrestan, in Syria. He obtained leave of the

governor to deposit in the citadel some old lumber which impeded his

march. Twenty boxes (filled with soldiers) were accordingly placed

there, and Abu, like the Greeks, pretended to march homewards. At night

the soldiers removed the sliding bottoms of the boxes, killed the

sentries, opened the city gates, and took the town.—Ockley, _History of

the Saracens_, i. 185.

The capture of Sark was affected by a similar trick. A gentleman of the

Netherlands, with one ship, asked permission of the French to bury one

of his crew in the chapel. The request was granted, but the coffin was

full of arms. The pretended mourners, being well provided with arms,

fell on the guards and took the island by surprise.—Percy, _Anecdotes_,

249.

_Horse_ (_Merlin’s Wooden_), Clavilēno. This was the horse on which Don

Quixote effected the disenchantment of the infanta Antonomāsia and

others.

_Horse_ (_The Enchanted_), a wooden horse with two pegs. By turning one

the horse rose into the air, and by turning the other it descended where

and when the rider listed. It was given by an Indian to the shah of

Persia, as a New Year’s gift.—_Arabian Nights_ (“The Enchanted Horse”),

and Chaucer (“The Squire’s Tale”).

_Horse_ (_The Fifteen points of a good_).

A good horse sholde have three propyrtees of a man, three of a woman,

three of a foxe, three of a haare, and three of an asse. Of a _man_,

bolde, prowde, and hardye. Of a _woman_, fayre-breasted, faire of heere,

and easy to move. Of a _foxe_, a fair taylle, short eers, with a good

trotte. Of a _haare_, a grate eye, a dry head, and well rennynge. Of an

_asse_, a bygge chynn, a flat legge, and a good hoof.—_Wynkyn de Worde_

(1496).

=Horse Neighing=. On the death of Smerdis, the several competitors for

the Persian crown agreed that he whose horse neighed first should be

appointed king. The horse of Darius neighed first and Darius was made

king. Lord Brooke calls him a Scythian; he was son of Hystaspês, the

satrap.

The brave Scythian

Who found more sweetness in his horse’s neighing

Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing.

Lord Brooke.

=Horse Painted=. Apellês of Cos painted Alexander’s horse so wonderfully

well that a real horse seeing it, began to neigh at it, supposing it to

be alive.

Myron, the statuary, made a cow so true to life that it was said to have

deceived men and animals.

Valasquez painted a Spanish admiral so true to life that Philip IV.,

mistaking it for the officer himself, reproved him sharply for wasting

his time in a painter’s studio, when he ought to have been with his

fleet.

Xeuxis painted some grapes so admirably that birds flew at them,

thinking them real fruit.

Parrhasios of Ephesus painted a curtain so inimitably that Xeuxis

thought it to be a real curtain, and bade the artist draw it aside that

he might see the painting behind.

Quintin Matsys of Antwerp painted a bee on the outstretched leg of a

fallen angel so naturally that when old Mandyn, the artist, returned to

the studio, he tried to frighten it away with his pocket-handkerchief.

=Horse of Brass= (_The_), a present from the king of Araby and Ind to

Cambuscan´, king of Tartary. A person whispered in its ear where he

wished to go, and having mounted, turned a pin, whereupon the brazen

steed rose in the air as high as the rider wished, and within

twenty-four hours landed him at the end of his journey.

This steed of brass, that easily and well

Can, in the space of a day natural....

Bearen your body into every place

To which your heartè willeth for to pace.

Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Squire’s Tale,” 1388).

=Horse Shoe Robinson=. A daring American trooper, who captures five

English soldiers without other assistance than a small boy and a horse.

When surprised reconnoitering the enemy’s camp from a cliff, he drops

upon his knees and “is digging up sassafras roots.”—John Pendleton

Kennedy, _Horse Shoe Robinson_ (1852).

=Horste= (_Conrade_), one of the insurgents at Liège.—Sir W. Scott,

_Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hortense´= (2 _syl._), the vindictive French maid-servant of Lady

Dedlock. In revenge for the partiality shown by Lady Dedlock to Rosa,

the village beauty, Hortense murdered Mr. Tulkinghorn, and tried to

throw the suspicion of the crime on Lady Dedlock.—C. Dickens, _Bleak

House_ (1853).

=Horten´sio=, a suitor to Bianca, the younger sister of Katharina, “the

Shrew.” Katharina and Bianca are the daughters of Baptista.—Shakespeare,

_Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

_Hortensio_, noted for his chivalrous love and valor.—Massinger, _The

Bashful Lover_ (1636).

=Hosier’s Ghost= (_Admiral_), a ballad by Richard Glover (1739). Admiral

Hosier was sent with twenty sail to the Spanish West Indies, to block up

the galleons of that country. He arrived at the Bastimentos, near

Portobello, but had strict orders not to attack the foe. His men

perished by disease but not in fight, and the admiral himself died of a

broken heart. After Vernon’s victory, Hosier and his 3000 men rose, “all

in dreary hammocks shrouded, which for winding-sheets they wore,” and

lamented the cruel orders that forbade them to attack the foe, for “with

twenty ships he surely could have achieved what Vernon did with only

six.”

=Hotspur.= So Harry Percy was called from his fiery temper, over which

he had no control.—Shakespeare, _1 Henry IV._ (1597).

William Bensley [1738-1817] had the true poetic enthusiasm.... None that

I remember possessed even a portion of that fine madness which he threw

out in Hotspur’s fine rant about glory. His voice had the dissonance and

at times the inspiring effect of the trumpet.—C. Lamb.

=Hotspur of Debate= (_The_), Lord Derby, called by Maccaulay “The Rupert

of Debate” (1799-1869).

=Houd= (_1 syl._), a prophet sent to preach repentance to the Adites (_2

syl._), and to reprove their King Shedad for his pride. As the Adites

and their king refused to hear the prophet, God sent on the kingdom

first a drought of three years’ duration, and then the Sarsar or icy

wind for seven days, so that all the people perished. Houd is written

“Hûd” in Sale’s _Korân_, i.

Then stood the prophet Houd and cried,

“Woe! woe to Irem! woe to Ad!

Death is gone up into her palaces!

Woe! woe! a day of guilt and punishment!

A day of desolation!”

Southey, _Thalaba, the Destroyer_, i. 41 (1797).

=Hough´ton= (_Sergeant_), in Waverley’s regiment.—Sir W. Scott,

_Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Hounds= (_Gen. Custer’s_). “His pack of hounds was an endless source of

delight to the general. He had about forty, the stag-hounds that run by

sight, and are on the whole, the fleetest and most enduring dogs in the

world, and the fox-hounds that follow the trail with their noses close

to the ground. The first rarely bark, but the latter are very noisy. We

used to listen with amusement to their attempts to strike the key-note

of the bugler when he sounded the calls summoning the men to

guard-mount, stables, or retreat.”—Elizabeth Bacon Custer, _Boots and

Saddles_, (1885).

=Hounslow=, one of the gang of thieves that conspire to break into Lady

Bountiful’s house.—Farquhar, _The Beaux’ Stratagem_ (1705).

=Houri=, plu. =Houris=, the virgins of paradise; so called from their

large black eyes (_hûr al oyûn_). According to Mohammedan faith,

intercourse with these lovely women is to constitute the chief delight

of the faithful in the “world to come.”—_Al Korân_.

=House that Jack Built= (_The_), a cumulative nursery story, in which

every preceding statement is repeated after the introduction of a new

one; thus;

1. [_This is_] the house that Jack built.

2. [_This is_] the malt that lay in ...

3. [_This is_] the rat that ate ...

4. [_This is_] the cat that killed ...

5. [_This is_] the dog that worried ...

6. [_This is_] the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed ...

7. [_This is_] the maiden all forlorn, that milked ...

8. [_This is_] the man all tattered and torn, that kissed ...

9. This is the priest all shaven and shorn, that married ...

A similar accumulation occurs in another nursery tale, with this

difference—the several clauses are repeated twice: once by entreaty of

the old woman to perform some service to get her pig to cross over a

bridge that she may get home; and then the reverse way, when each begins

the task requested of them. It begins with a statement that an old woman

went to market to buy a pig; they came to a bridge, which the pig would

not go over, so the old woman called to a stick, and said:

1. [_Stick, stick, beat pig, for_] pig won’t go over the bridge, and

I shan’t get home to-night.

2. [_Fire, fire_] burn stick, stick won’t beat pig ...

3. [_Water, water_] quench fire, fire won’t ...

4. [_Ox, ox_] drink water, water won’t ...

5. [_Butcher, butcher_] kill ox, ox won’t ...

6. [_Rope, rope_] hang butcher, butcher won’t ...

7. [_Rat, rat_] gnaw rope, rope won’t ...

8. [_Cat, cat_] kill rat, rat won’t ...

Then the cat began to kill the rat, and the rat began to gnaw the rope,

and the rope began ... etc., and the pig went over the bridge, and so

the old woman got home that night.