authority in America rested in the hands of leaders of expeditions
and colonies, who usually bore the title of adelantado. This was the
title formerly applied in Spain to the military and political governor
of a frontier province. Standing face to face with the Moors, he held
the general military command of the province, and had power to gather
the people under his standard. In his capacity as a civil officer,
he took cognizance of such civil and criminal cases as arose within
the limits of his territory. [Santamaria de Paredes, in Derecho
politico, p. 487, has described the adelantados as 'governors of
great territories, with a character chiefly military.']" (Moses,
Spanish Rule in America, p. 68.)
P. 297, note 205: For "Strait of Magellan" read "La Plata River."
P. 300, in address of letter: For "Cel." read "Ces." Line 2 from
end: For "Avises" read "Avisos." The endorsement should read thus:
["De cochin a 23 de Dic. de 1522." "A su mag xxjx de agosto."] For
dates of these letters see data thereon in the bibliographical volume
(LIII) of this series.
VOLUME II
P. 73, end of paragraph: For detailed account of early expeditions
previous to that of Legazpi, see the Historia general of Fray
Rodrígo de Aganduru Moriz, published in Doc. ined. hist. de España,
tom. lxxviii and lxxix (Madrid, 1882).
P. 75: To list of translators add, "the ninth, by Francis W. Snow."
P. 79, line 9: For "secular" read "layman."
P. 83, line 16: For "Lepuzcua" read "Guipuzcoa."
P. 84, line 4 from end: For "buttock-timbers" read "futtock-timbers."
P. 115, line 9: For "Panay" read "Panaon."
P. 126, line 12 (and in many similar cases): The word "painted" is
the literal translation of the Spanish pintado, and here refers to
the custom of tattooing the body.
P. 129, near end: The "lofty volcanoes" may have been Canlaon and
Magasú, in Negros Oriental.
P. 167, line 7 from end: For "novelty" read "innovations."
P. 173, note 84: Evidently "Pito" was in the original "Pito," for
"Polito;" the man being actually "[Hy] polito the drummer."
P. 192, paragraph 4: "S. S." stands for "Señores," meaning the native
grandees of those countries.
P. 193, middle: For "cloths" read "canvas."
P. 194, line 2 from end: After "fifty" add "thousand."
P. 197, line 1: Bancroft (Hist. Mexico, ii, p. 600) says that Arellano
tried to secure the reward offered for discovering the return route
from the Spice Islands.
P. 220, line 8 in heading: For "PRONE-" read "PROUE-."
P. 231, end of text: This letter was probably written by some one
belonging to Arellano's ship, or who obtained his information from
that captain's followers.
P. 237, middle: For "officers" read "artisans."
P. 276, line 5: For "by" read "with."
P. 297, last line: The viceroy's name should be Luis de Velasco.
P. 332, paragraph 2: For "leg. 1, 23" read "leg. 1/23."
VOLUME III
P. 29, lines 1-7: "The intimate relation between the king and his
American dominions necessitated a regular organized system of postal
communication. As early as 1514, by a royal warrant, Dr. Galindez
de Carvajal was made postmaster of the Indies, and by a subsequent
order of the Council of the Indies, issued in 1524, all persons
were restrained from interfering with him in the dispatch of messages
concerning the affairs of the Indies. The lines of this service covered
the distance between Seville and the other ports, and Madrid, as well
as the distances between Spain and America. The postmaster of the
Indies was an officer of the India House.... Rigorous laws enjoined
all persons from intercepting and opening letters and packets. Of
the amount paid for this service the postmaster was allowed one tenth
part." (Moses, Spanish Rule in America, pp. 64, 65.)
P. 33, note 1: For "Spain" read "Nueva España."
P. 77, middle: Agias, probably meaning the clusters of fruit on the
variety of pepper which is called aji (or agi) in America.
P. 113, line 3: For "seventy" read "sixty-eight."
P. 118, line 5 from end: For "twenty-eight" read "eighteenth."
P. 223, note 73: For "pp. 108-112" read "pp. 54-61."
VOLUME IV
Pp. 46 and 47: These are transposed in the "make-up."
P. 68, note 6: See Worcester's interesting account of the Tinguians
in his "Non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon," p. 860; he praises
their abilities, industry, eagerness to learn, and excellent traits
of character, and their relatively high degree of civilization,
as compared with that of their neighbors.
P. 131, note 14, line 3 from end: Regarding Batachina, see VOL. XXVII,
p. 105, note 39.
P. 139, line 3 under "Sources:" for "original MS. documents" read
"MS. copies."
P. 150, line 4 from end of text: Delete "[caliph?]."
P. 166: By an error in the "make-up" the last five lines on the page
are misplaced; they belong at the top.
P. 205, line 9 from end: For "Pablo" read "Pedro." The same correction
should be made on p. 247, line 13 from end.
P. 284, line 9: For "up" read "above." Note 38: The chief early
authority on the islands of Mindanao and Joló, with their people,
is Combés's Hist. de Mindanao y Joló, which has been used frequently
in this series. His descriptions of the latter are thus located in
his book: the tribes, cols. 27-44; their boats and weapons, 70-76;
their customs, 61-70; their character, laws, and government, 49-61;
their sects and superstitions, 44-48. Another excellent authority is
Forrest, whose Voyage contains much valuable information. The best
account of the history and culture of the people is that given by
N. M. Saleeby, in his "Studies in Moro Law, History, and Religion,"
already cited by us. Cf. also late U. S. government publications on
the islands, in which there is much matter regarding the Moro tribes.
P. 289, last line: For "an" read "on."
P. 320, line 2 from end: For "forty MSS." read "forty-one MS."
VOLUME V
P. 31, line 2 from end of text: For "and two priests" read "two of
them priests." ("Theatins" is here used for "Jesuits," as explained
in VOL. XIX, p. 64.)
P. 39: Cf. the statistics of population, throughout Loarca's Relación,
with those in "Account of Encomiendas," VOL. VIII, pp. 96-141; also
in U. S. Census of Philippines, 1903, ii, pp. 123-209.
P. 41, lines 22, 23: For "On the other side of the above-mentioned
native communities" read "Besides the above-mentioned natives, there
is"--and, in fifth line below, omit "is" before "a village." In last
line, for "village" read "Spanish settlement."
P. 43, line 1: This should read "There are more than thirty
encomenderos." End of line 7: For "treasury," read "revenue."
P. 49, line 6: For "other" read "except two of the."
P. 51, line 4: For "Cavigava" read "Carigara." Line 2 of paragraph
on Panaon: For "lies" read "lie respectively." In next paragraph:
For "built around" read "located along."
P. 55, line 4: For "well-disposed" read "shrewd traders."
P. 57, line 1: For "seen" read "discovered."
P. 61, paragraph on tree-dwellings: For "in each one a house is
built which can contain" read "in one house at the top of a tree
live;" and after "fortress" insert "for defense." End of this page,
and line 1 of p. 63: For "formerly did much harm to the natives" read
"the natives of this island have done them much harm;" and for "making"
(line 2) read "the ships make."
P. 63, paragraph on Mindanao: For words after end of bracketed clause,
read "but it is not necessary on this account to seize all that is
discovered in the island of Mindanao."
P. 65, line 2 from end: This is a line of type set in here by mistake;
for it read "belongs to an encomendero in the."
P. 69, lines 11 and 12 from end: For "from the cases which are brought
before the law for settlement" read "from other commissions which
are entrusted to the magistrate."
P. 71, line 12 from top of page: After dash insert "and."
P. 73, line 13: For "cocoa-beans" read "cacao-beans." In next
paragraph: For "mats--the latter from rushes" read "petates, which
are mats."
P. 75, paragraph on Buracay: The last sentence is incorrect; the
second clause should read "no rice is cultivated there, but they have
a source of income in some goats."
P. 77, line 11: For "wheat and produce" read "grain and collect." Line
4 from end: omit "larger."
P. 79, line 8 from end: For "righting" read "cleaning;" adreçar in
the text is evidently a phonetic rendering of aderezar.
P. 83, line 4: For "monks" read "friars."
P. 95, line 8 from end: For "dependencies" read "lands belonging
to it."
P. 113, line 2 from end: For "returning from" read "in the direction
of."
P. 117, line 4: For "no" read "hardly any."
P. 118, line 8: For "ouo" read "uno."
P. 125, line 8 from end of text: For "Inheritances" read "Maganitos;"
this refers to the superstitious ceremony described on p. 131,
near middle.
P. 187: The sentence after Loarca's signature should read, "He was one
of the first who came to these islands, and is greatly interested in
these matters; and therefore I consider this a reliable and accurate
account"--apparently an indorsement of the "Relation," by Governor
Peñalosa.
P. 189, last paragraph: For "Amanicaldo" read "Amanicalao;" for
"Luanbacar," "Tuanbacar;" for "Capaymisilo," "Capa and Misilo."
P. 201, note: For "Sevillano" read "of Sevilla."
P. 222, line 2: In regard to the cruelty displayed by the Spaniards
to the Indians, see George E. Ellis's "Las Casas, and the relations
of the Spaniards to the Indians," in Winsor's Narrative and Critical
History of America, ii, pp. 299-348. Cf. Karl Häbler's remarks in
Helmolt's History of the World (N. Y., 1902), i, pp. 390-396.
P. 239, lines 8 and 9: By a printer's mistake, a line of "dead" type
was inserted instead of the one which belongs here; for "volves"
to "will" inclusive read "if it is managed in this manner. Let your
Majesty."
P. 249, line 11 from end: For "will" read "should."
P. 257, section 2: For "lay" read "secular" (it refers to the municipal
council of Manila).
P. 258, note 37. On this subject, consult the magnificent work of
Henry C. Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain (N. Y., 1906-07),
the only full and scholarly account thus far given, and based on
extensive researches in the Spanish archives. He discusses the origin
and establishment of that institution, its relations with the State,
its jurisdiction, organization, resources, practice, punishments,
spheres of action, etc.
P. 263, lines 9, 10, 13: For "from" read "in regard to." Note 38:
Concepción states (Hist. de Philipinas, ix, p. 204) that the public
sentence of anathema against those who were contumacious to the edicts
of the Inquisition, whether for heresies or sins--a sentence which that
tribunal commanded to be read every three years--had been pronounced
only twice up to his time (1790). This was done by the Augustinian
commissary Pater-nina, in 1659; and by the Dominican commissary Juan
de Arechederra, in 1718.
P. 265, near middle: For "prudence" read "conduct."
P. 280, section 14: For "report to" read "take residencia of."
P. 286, line 6--also p. 287, last line of section 35: For "except" read
"even." P. 287, section 37, line 1: For "inability" read "disability."
P. 289, near middle: For "remit" read "refer." Line 4: For "buildings"
read "works."
P. 291, line 5: For "machinery" read "industries."
P. 293, section 56, lines 4 and 5: instead of "bishops," etc., read
"bishop for the clergy whom we present to benefices."
P. 299, section 74: For "caciquedoms for" read "authority as chiefs
on account of;" and for "milreis," "maravedis."
P. 305, section 103: For "when they exact" read "that they may exact."
P. 307, section 113: For "receive" read "levy." For "superintendents"
read "tax-collectors;" calpiste means "the steward or collector whom
the encomenderos stationed in the Indian villages," and calpisque
"the collector of the taxes or tributes which belong to the lord of
the village" (Dominguez, supplement). Section 114, lines 1 and 2: For
"granted in encomiendas by" read "allotted in." Section 121, line 1:
This should read, "The registers must be examined and marked with
a signet."
VOLUME VI
P. 78, note 18: Omit words in parentheses. The Portuguese form of
the name, Macao, ends in a nasalized sound, unsuited to the Spanish
tongue; the Spaniards represent this by calling it Macan; and Macati
is apparently only a transcriber's error.
P. 241, line 2: For "written" read "received." Line 3: For "for" read
"from."
VOLUME VII
P. 39, note 5: This name should be Bay, instead of Bombon.
P. 154, middle: For "river Madre" read "the waters of the river."
P. 167, line 8 from end: Delete "[Siam]."
P. 174, lines 7-9: The sentence between dashes is evidently an
interpolation by the editor of Santa Inés's Cronica (to which this
account by Plasencia is appended), and referring to the preliminary
ten chapters of that work, which furnish a description of the islands
and their people.
P. 194, line 1: "In almost every large village [he is speaking of
Samar and Leyte] there are one or more families of Asuáns, who are
universally feared and avoided, and treated as outcasts, and who can
marry only among their own number; they have the reputation of being
cannibals. Are they perhaps descended from men-eaters? The belief
is very general and deeply rooted. When questioned about this,
old and intelligent Indians answered that certainly they did not
believe that the Asuáns now ate human flesh, but their forefathers
had without doubt done this." "Cannibals, properly speaking, in the
Philippines were not mentioned by the early writers. Pigafetta had
heard that on a river at Cape Benuian (the northern point of Mindanao)
a people lived who cut out only the heart of a captured foe, and
ate it with lemon-juice. Dr. Semper (Philippinen, p. 62) found the
same practice, except the use of lemon-juice, on the eastern coast
of Mindanao." (Jagor, Reisen, p. 236.)
P. 197, line 4: For "Felipe II" read "Council of Indias."
P. 207, note 32: After "king" add "or the fiscal."
P. 222, note 34: At beginning of line 5 insert "Ceylon, erroneously
applied by some early writers to."
P. 224, line 13: More definitely located by the editor of Reseña
biográfica (i, p. 114), who says, "It was in the place that is now
called Arroceros [i.e., "the rice-market"]. (Note.) It was a great
quadrangle of porticos which enclosed a spacious lagoon; the latter
communicated with the Pasig river, and thus facilitated the entrance
of the Chinese champans."
P. 276, last line: Insert, before "the first conclusion," the words,
"It is taken for granted that, of the encomiendas of these islands,
some have instruction and some are without it."
VOLUME VIII
P. 27, middle: The date of Dasmariñas's letter should be February 28.
P. 84, line 1: For "Cubao" read "Lubao."
P. 121, last line: For "Aguette" read "Aguetet."
Pp. 127, 133: See VOL. XXII, pp. 77, 103, where Fernando de Silva
asks that his wife's encomiendas may be confirmed to her; she was the
daughter of Doña Lucía de Loarca, and must have been the granddaughter
of the conquistador Miguel de Loarca. Cf. VOL. xxiii, p. 80.
P. 263, line 5 from end: This name should be Basil Hall Chamberlain.
VOLUME IX
P. 13, line 10 from end: For "he" read "Dasmariñas."
P. 26, note 3: "Mengoya (or Nagoya), as mentioned in the text, was in
Hizen province, Kyushu Island; the Nagoya in Owari was not in existence
in Hideyoshi's time." [Letter to the Editors from Prof. J. K. Goodrich,
of Imperial College, Tokio.]
P. 68, note 13: The following interesting account of the earlier
imprints in Filipinas is cited (in Vindel's Catálogo, iii, no. 2631),
from a book written by the Dominican Fray Alonso Fernández. Historia
de los insignes milagros que la Magestad divina ha obrado por el
Rosario de la Virgen soberana, su Madre, desde el tiempo de Santo
Domingo hasta 1612 (Madrid, 1613), fol. 216, 217:
"Of some writers of the Order of St. Dominic who were living in this
year of 1612.
"In the Tagal language of Filipinas: Fray Francisco de San Joseph of
the convent of Madre de Dios at Alcalá, who is living in the province
of Nuestra Señora del Rosario of Filipinas, has printed at Batán, in
the Tagal language of Filipinas, a 'Book of our Lady of the Rosary;'
also another book, in the same language, which treats of the holy
sacraments of the Church; the natives of the islands have been greatly
benefited by these books.
"In the Chinese language: Fray Domingo de Nieva, of the convent at
Valladolid, who serves in the province of Filipinas, has printed at
Batán, in the Chinese language and likewise in the characters used
by that people, a 'Memorial of the Christian life.' Fray Tomas Mayor,
of the convent at Játiva, who serves in the province of Nuestra Señora
del Rosario of Filipinas and Japón, printed at Batán, in the country
of Filipinas, in the Chinese language and with Chinese characters,
a 'Symbol of the Faith.'" ("None of the bibliographers of Philippine
literature have mentioned this curious and interesting passage.")
In Imprenta en Filipinas, cols. 5-14, 77, Retana argues (and apparently
on good grounds) that the printing of the Doctrina in 1593 was
xylographic, not typographic.
P. 77, line 3: After "friend" add "and I have had an embassy from him."
P. 153, line 1: In the Bibliográfia mexicana of García Icazbalceta
the statement was made that Bishop Agurto "founded at Zebú a hospital
for sick persons of all nations and creeds, with such liberality
that he gave up to it even his own bed, having been obliged to ask
that another be lent to him at the hospital itself, on which he might
sleep that night." (Vindel, Catálogo, no. 1462.)
P. 164, note 26: After "Sanscrit" add "Sri Ayuddhya." At end, add
the following: "See plan of Juthia in Bellin's Atlas maritime, iii,
no. 51. It became the capital of Siam in 1350, and was destroyed by
the Burmese in 1767. (The Siamese proper are the Thai--a word which
probably means 'freemen'--who are a superior race.) This statement
is made by O. Frankfurter, of the Siamese Foreign Office, in
A. C. Carter's Kingdom of Siam (N. Y. and London, 1904), pp. 81, 82."
P. 190, middle: In line 17, a better reading would be "front" for
"face," apparently meaning the breast of the horse; and in next line
omit "[a frontal]."
P. 299, line 5: For "Ryos, a colonel" read "Ryos Coronel." (A similar
correction should be made on p. 313, line 5.) See sketch of Rios
Coronel, and description of his Memorial, by Retana in Vindel's
Catálogo biblioteca filipina, pp. 349-354; he went to Filipinas in
1588, returned to Spain in 1605, and afterwards was in the islands
from 1611 to 1618.
P. 305, last line of description of map: After "Indias" insert
"(est. 67, caj. 6, leg. 18)." See description in Torres Lanzas's
Relación de los mapas de Filipinas. Retana calls this the earliest
map of Luzón.
P. 327, section 1: The order of the two pressmarks here given should
be reversed.
VOLUME X
P. 47, last line: For "soldiers" read "Sangleys."
P. 65, line 8: For "Lanao" read "Liguasan."
P. 131, end: This document was probably written by Luis Perez
Dasmariñas.
P. 218, line 13: For "false musters" read "fictitious offices."
P. 275, middle: For "twelfth" read "tenth."
VOLUME XI
P. 138: See Torrubia's account of the abandonment of La Caldera in
1599, and of the unusually large expeditions immediately afterward
by the Moros against Panay (Dissertación, pp. 10-17).
P. 152, line 8: For "Domingo de Rramos" read "on Palm Sunday."
P. 221, line 2 from end: The Italian version of Vaez's letter makes
this number "twenty-nine thousand" only.
P. 270, middle: For "Babao" read "Ybabao."
P. 288, end: Add "Signed by the Council."
VOLUME XII
P. 109, note 20, and p. 120, note 24: For explanation of this use of
"Theatin" see VOL. XIX, p. 64.
P. 131, paragraph 2, line 3: For "him" read "you."
P. 165, middle: For "Rajaniora" read "Rajamora."
P. 179, last line of note: For "Herrara" read "Herrera."
P. 182, line 4 from end of note: Before "Tabacos" insert "de."
P. 205, note: For "Paro" read "Jaro."
Pp. 209-216: For "lagoon" read "lake"--the reference being to the
lake of Bay.
P. 219, middle: Tigbao is the Visayan name of two different kinds
of grass, Anthistiria gigantea and Heteropogon contortus (Merrill,
Dictionary of Plant Names).
P. 255, line 10 from end: For "stamped" read "printed."
P. 256, line 9: For "lagoon" read "lake."
P. 323, line 8: After "therein" add "(as also in Castro's 'Points,'
pp. 70-72)."
VOLUME XIII
P. 68, line 10: For "cane" read "bamboo."
P. 96, line 6 from end of text: The hard polished outer surface of the
bamboo joint is also often used for writing; some interesting specimens
of this sort are in the possession of Edward E. Ayer, Chicago.
P. 248, line 8 from end: For "third" read "second."
P. 257, note, line 2 from end: For "Spain" read "Nueva España."
VOLUME XIV
P. 37, middle: Add to list of signatures "The licentiate Andres
de Alcaraz."
P. 143, middle: The ordinary naval ration furnished on the royal ships
which plied between Manila and Acapulco was prescribed as follows in
Arandía's Ordenanzas de Marina (Manila, 1757), p. 61: "On days when
meat is eaten--Biscuit, 18 onzas; jerked beef, 6 onzas; fried pork,
3 onzas; salt, 1/2 onza; vinegar, for ten persons, 1/4 onza; firewood,
2 libras. On days when fish is prescribed--Biscuit, 18 onzas; pottage
or soup of vegetables [miniestras], 3 onzas; pork fat [manteca],
1 onza; salt fish, 6 onzas; salt, vinegar, and firewood, as on the
other days. For each ration, four quartillos [about 2 1-6 quarts]
are reckoned--one for cooking the ration, and three for drinking."
P. 197, line 3: For "Biebengud" read "Bienbengud."
P. 209, break in middle: To this place transfer the endorsement at
end of p. 213.
P. 280, line 4 from end: For "July 29" read "July 25." The same
correction should be made on p. 6, line 8 from end; p. 241, line 7.
VOLUME XV
P. 179, lines 6 and 7 from end of text: For "from Camanguian" read
"of camanguian [i.e., storax]."
VOLUME XVI
P. 30, note 3: Mazamune sent one of his nobles as ambassador, Felipe
Francisco Taxicura, in company with Sotelo; see relations printed at
Sevilla (1614) and Roma (1615). (Vindel, Catálogo, iii, p. 205.)
P. 112, note 129, middle: Worcester says ("Non-Christian Tribes
of N. Luzon," in Phil. Journal of Science, October, 1906, p. 807):
"The Negritos do not tattoo themselves, but do ornament themselves
with scar-patterns, produced by making cuts through the skin with
slivers of bamboo (Plate xxiii, fig. 1). Into these cuts, which are
arranged with more or less geometric symmetry, dirt is rubbed to
cause them to become infected and to produce large scars."
P. 160, note, line 7 from end: For "in regard to" read "by."
P. 178, note 233: This explanation is erroneously applied by Stanley,
as the piña is a Philippine fabric, and not Chinese. The reference
in the text is to the cloth made from "China-grass" (Bohmeria nivea),
on which see VOLS. XXII, p. 279, and XLIV, p. 267.
P. 180, note 235: Jagor (Reisen, p. 315) thinks that the chiquey
is the same as the lei-tschi or lechía (on which see VOL. XXXVIII,
p. 21); the latter was called Euphoria by Blanco, but is now known
as Nephelium litchi.