[601] [Some copies of the second edition have a dedication to Robert

Boyle and the Company for the Propagation of the Gospel among the

Indians, signed by William Stoughton, Joseph Dudley, Peter Bulkley, and

Thomas Hinckley.

[Illustration: AUTOGRAPHS CONNECTED WITH THE INDIAN BIBLE.]

Eliot was assisted in this second edition by John Cotton, of Plymouth,

son of the Boston minister; and the type was in part set for both

editions by James Printer, an Indian taught to do the work. There is

a notice of Boyle by C. O. Thompson in the _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._,

April, 1882, p. 54; and one of the Society for Propagating the Gospel,

by G. D. Scull, in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, April, 1882, p.

157. Cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, viii. 552. A portion of the original

manuscript records of the society (1655-1685) were described in

Stevens’s _Bibliotheca Historica_ (1870), no. 1,399, and brought in the

sale $265. The bibliographical history of the Indian Bible is given in

Dr. Trumbull’s chapter in the _Memorial History of Boston_, as before

noted.]

[602] A copy is in the Carter-Brown Library, and another in the

possession of the writer.

[603] See the list of Norton’s and Pynchon’s publications in Sabin’s

_Dictionary_.

[604] _A journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement

of Massachusetts and the other New-England Colonies, from the year 1630

to 1644.... Now first published from a correct copy of the original

manuscript._ Hartford, 1790.

[605] _The History of New England from 1630 to 1649. From his original

manuscripts. With Notes to illustrate the Civil and Ecclesiastical

concerns, the Geography, Settlement, and Institutions of the Country,

and the Lives and Manners of the principal Planters._ By James Savage.

Boston, 1825-26. 2 vols. New ed., with additions and corrections.

Boston, 1853. 2 vols.

[606] [For other details and references see _Memorial History of

Boston_, i. p. xvii.—ED.]

[607] A curious bibliographical question is connected with a later

issue of the volume as bound up with several of the Gorges tracts,

for the discussion of which see the Introduction to Mr. W. F. Poole’s

valuable edition of Johnson’s book, Andover, 1867, pp. li-vi; with

which cf. _North American Review_, January, 1868, pp. 323-328; and

_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, June, 1881, pp. 432-35. [Geo. H. Moore

printed some strictures on Poole’s edition in _Historical Magazine_,

xiii. 87. Cf. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_,

ii. 771, 851; and other references in _Memorial History of Boston_, i.

463.—ED.]

[608] It was republished in fragmentary parts in several volumes of the

Massachusetts Historical Society’s _Collections_, second series.

[609] It is reprinted in 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. ii., from a copy

of the rare original in the Carter-Brown Library.

[610] Charles Lamb speaks of the book in his _Elia_ under “A Quaker

Meeting.”

[611] [The literature of the Quaker controversy is extensive and

intricate in its bearings.

[Illustration]

It can best be followed in Mr. J. Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’

Books_, and in his _Anti-Quakeriana_. Dr. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_,

and the _Brinley_ and _Carter-Brown Catalogues_ will assist the

student. The 1703 edition of Bishope’s _New England Judged_, abridged

in some ways and enlarged in others, contains also John Whiting’s

_Truth and Innocencey Defended_, which is an answer in part to portions

of Cotton Mather’s _Magnalia_; cf. also the note in _Memorial History

of Boston_, i. 187. There were a few of the prominent men at the

time who dared to protest boldly against the unwise actions of the

magistrates; and of such none were more prominent than James Cudworth,

of Plymouth Colony, and Robert Pike, of Salisbury. The conduct of the

latter has been commemorated in James S. Pike’s _New Puritan_, New

York, 1879.—ED.

[612] For their titles see Thomas’s _History of Printing_, 2d ed.

vol. ii. pp. 313-315; the bibliographical list in Dr. H. M. Dexter’s

_Congregationalism_, whose work may also be consulted for a history

of the subject itself; Mather’s _Magnalia_, v. 64 _et seq._; Upham’s

_Ratio Disiplinæ_, p. 223; Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, chaps. xiii. and

xix. of vol. i.; Hutchinson, i. 223-24; Wisner’s _History of the Old

South Church in Boston_, pp. 5-7; Bacon’s _Discourses_, pp. 139-141.

[613] [Mr. Tuckerman revised his notes and introduction in a reprint,

published by Veazie in Boston in 1865. The _Voyages_, which had been

reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii., was also reissued in 1865 in

a companion volume to the _Rarities_, the text being corrected from a

copy of the “second addition,” 1675, in Harvard College Library. The

earlier book usually brings £3 or £4, the later one from £5 to £10.

Both are in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,080, 1,104. Cf. Sabin,

ix. 340; Menzies, 1,104, 1,105.—ED.]

[614] [It is further characterized in Vol. IV., chap. x.—ED.]

[615] There are at least eight titles in this interesting list:—

1. _The Present State of New England with respect to the Indian War_,

1675 (19 pages), purporting to be by a merchant of Boston.

2. _A Briefe and True Narration of the late Wars_, 1675 (8 pages); cf.

Sabin, vol. xiii. nos. 52,616, 52,638.

3. _A Continuation of the State of New England_, 1676 (20 pages).

4. _A New and Further Narrative of the State of New England_, 1676 (14

pages), signed N. T.

5. _A True Account of the most considerable Occurences that have hapned

in the War_, 1676 (14 pages).

6. _New England’s Tears for her present Miseries_, 1676 (14 pages).

7. _News from New England_, 1676 (6 pages). Sabin only records one

copy; and of a second edition, 1676, there are copies in the British

Museum and Carter-Brown libraries.

8. _The War in New England visibly Ended_, 1677 (6 pages), containing

news of the death of Philip, brought by Caleb More, master of a vessel

newly arrived from Rhode Island.

[These tracts are all in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii.,

and several are in Mr. Deane’s collection, and in Harvard College

Library. Rich supposed that nos. 1, 3, and 4 were written by the same

person. Five of them were reprinted by S. G. Drake in his _Old Indian

Chronicle_ in 1836, and again in 1867, with new notes; and no. 7 was

reprinted in 1850 by Drake, and in 1865 by Woodward. Sabin, xiii. 321,

322.

These tracts are priced at twelve and eighteen shillings, and at

similarly high sums, even in Rich’s catalogues of fifty years ago.

Whenever they have occurred in sales of late years they have proved the

occasion of much competition and unusual prices. Cf. Stevens’s _Hist.

Coll._, i. 1523, 1524.

Another contemporary account by a Rhode Island Quaker, as it is

thought, John Easton, was printed at Albany in 1858, as a _Narrative of

the Causes which led to Philip’s War_. Cf. Palfrey, iii. 180; Field,

_Indian Bibliography_, p. 479.

Mr. Drake, whose name is closely associated with our Indian history,

was one of the foremost of American antiquaries for many years. There

is a memoir of him by W. B. Trask in _Potter’s American Monthly_, v.

729; and another in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1863, by

J. H. Sheppard, also separately issued. In 1874 he printed _Narrative

Remarks_, anonymously, embodying some personal grievances and notes of

his career, not pleasantly expressed. For his publications, see Sabin’s

_Dictionary_, v. 526, and Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, p. 452.—ED.]

[Illustration]

[616] John Foster had now set up a press in Boston, for the history of

which and its successors see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 453.

[617] [Rich in 1832, no. 368, priced it, either edition, at eighteen

shillings. It was a quarto of 51 pages. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_,

ii. 1,150; Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, 1,022; _Brinley Catalogue_,

948, 5,531. It has of late years brought about $80. S. G. Drake

included this and the section of the _Magnalia_ on the war in his

_History of King Philip’s War_, 1862. Another book by Mather, _A

Relation of the Troubles which have hapned in New England_, etc., was

also printed in 1676, and traces the Indian wars from 1641, including

the causes of Philip’s War. Drake also reprinted this in 1864, as the

_Early History of New England_.—ED.]

[618] [King Philip’s War, which was but the beginning of a long

series of wars which devastated the frontiers, may be said properly

to end with the treaty of Casco, April 12, 1678, which is preserved

in the _Massachusetts Archives_; though a continuation of hostilities

intervened till the treaty of Portsmouth, Sept. 8, 1685. Cf. Belknap’s

_New Hampshire_, p. 348.—ED.]

[619] [Rich priced this book in 1832 (no. 375) at £1 10_s._,—an

extraordinary high sum for those days. I have seen the London edition

priced recently at £26, and $75; and the Boston edition in the Menzies

sale (no. 990) brought $200. It was reprinted in New England at least

six times (all spurious editions) between 1775 and 1814 (_Brinley

Catalogue_, 5,523, etc.; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,167, 1,168,

1,170); and S. G. Drake brought out an annotated edition in two volumes

in 1865. Cf. _Hist. Mag._, i. 252, 348; ii. 62.

[Illustration]

Perhaps the most popular book touching the events of the war was one

which was not published till 1716, from notes of Colonel Benjamin

Church, and compiled by that hero’s son, Thomas Church, and called

_Entertaining Passages relating to Philip’s War_. It is an extremely

scarce book, and has brought $400. (_Brinley Catalogue_, no. 383;

Sabin, _Dictionary_, no. 12,996; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, iii. 293.)

A second edition, Newport, 1772, is said to have been edited by Dr.

Stiles, but it is not supposed he was privy to the fraud practised in

that edition of presenting an engraving of the portrait of Charles

Churchill, the English poet, with the addition of a powder-horn slung

over the shoulder, as a likeness of Church. (Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc.

Proc._, xix. 243; also iii. 293; and _Hist. Mag._, December, 1868, pp.

27, 271.) Drake first reissued it in 1827, and made stereotype plates

of the book, and they have been much used since. He continued to use

the spurious portrait as late as 1857. Sabin, iv. 12,996; Brinley, no.

5,514. Dr. H. M. Dexter did all that is necessary for the text in his

edition (two volumes) in 1865-67. Another class of books growing out

of the war during its long continuance, particularly at the eastward,

is what collectors know as “captivities,” the most famous of which

is, perhaps, that of Mrs. Rowlandson, of Lancaster, printed in 1682.

The _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 469, 5,540, etc., groups them, and they

are scattered through Field’s _Indian Bibliography_. The _Brinley

Catalogue_ also groups the works on the Indian wars of New England

(nos. 382, etc.); and a condensed exposition of the authorities on

Philip’s War will be found in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 327.

The local aspects of the war involve a very large amount of citation

and reference. What are known as the “Narragansett Townships” grew

out of the war. Before the troops marched from Dedham Plain, Dec. 9,

1675, they were promised “a gratuity of land beside their wages,”

and not till 1737 were the promises fulfilled, when 840 claimants or

their representatives met on Boston Common, and dividing themselves

into seven groups, they took possession of seven townships in Maine,

Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, granted by the General Court. _New

England Historical and Genealogical Register_, 1862, pp. 143, 216.—ED.

[620] For reference to the recovery of the preface and other missing

lines, see _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 12, 38, 100; also, cf. i.

243; ii. 421; iii. 321. Hubbard, besides the above aid, had a large

number of official documents which he incorporated into his _History_.

Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, viii. 499; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no.

730.

[621] [Mr. Whitmore also epitomized the history with references in

the _Memorial History of Boston_, ii. chap. i. Cf. also _Carter-Brown

Catalogue_, ii. 1,351, 1,370, 1,372, 1,388, 1,398, 1,400, 1,403, 1,408,

1,420, 1,421.—ED.]

[622] A copy of Dudley’s commission (Oct. 8, 1685) has been recently

printed in 5 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ix. 145.

[623] [Dr. N. B. Shurtleff, an eager Boston antiquary, died in that

city, Oct. 17, 1874, and his library was sold at auction, Nov. 30,

1875, etc.—ED.]

[624] The preface of the _Memorial History_ enumerates the sources of

Boston’s history.

[625] [A law was placed on the statute book of Massachusetts in 1854,

by which towns may legally appropriate money for publishing their

histories. The authorities on the town system of New England are cited

in W. E. Foster’s _Reference Lists_, July, 1882.—ED.]

[626] [The different keys to the genealogy of New England are indicated

in _Memorial History of Boston_, ii. Introduction.—ED.]

[627] “Maine” took its name probably from the early designation, by

the sailors and fishermen, of the main land—that is, “the main,”—in

distinction from the numerous islands on the coast. See Weymouth’s

“Voyage,” in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 132, 151; Palfrey, i. 525;

_Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, i. 371. The earliest use of the name,

officially employed, that I have met with, is in the grant to Gorges

and Mason of Aug. 10, 1622, which recites that the patentees, “by

consent of the President and Council, intend to name it the _Province

of Maine_.” See the _Popham Memorial Volume_, p. 122. This grant was

never made use of, but the name was inserted in the royal charter to

Gorges of April 3, 1639, which secured its future use. Sullivan’s

_Maine_, Appendix, 399. The territory had been previously included in

the European designations of Baccalaos and Norumbega. The Indian name

was Mavooshen. See Purchas, iv., 1873; _Maine Hist. Coll._, i. 16, 17.

[628] These manuscripts were made use of by Dr. Belknap in writing his

_History of New Hampshire_, and are now all printed in the _Provincial

Papers_ of that State, vol. i., 1867, edited by the late Nathaniel

Bouton.

[Illustration]

The grant of Aug. 10, 1622, is printed in Poor’s _Ferdinando Gorges_,

from the _Colonial Entry Book_, p. 101, no. 59. An account of the

voyage of the barque “Warwick,” in 1630, which brought Captain Neal

to be governor for the Company, is given in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal.

Reg._, 1867, p. 223.

[629] Citations are made from them by Folsom in his _History of Saco

and Biddeford_, pp. 49-52. The original manuscript is among the old

county of York records at Alfred. The commission to Sir Ferdinando

Gorges as governor of New England, 1637, is printed in Poor’s _Gorges_,

p. 127. For his deed to Edgecombe, 1637, see _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._,

ii. 74.

[630] See _Massachusetts Archives_, Miscellanies, i. 130.

[631] These old Maine records have all been removed to the county town

of Alfred, and they have never been printed. Extracts from time to time

have been published, as by Folsom above, and by Willis in vol. i. of

his _History of Portland_, who gives a description, from Judge David

Sewall, of the manner in which the original records were made and kept.

The charter of incorporation of Acomenticus as a town, April 10, 1641,

and the charter of Gorgeana as a city, March 1, 1642, were among the

papers which Hazard found at old York, and printed in his _Collection_,

vol. i. Cf. “Sir Robert Carr in Maine,” in _Magazine of American

History_, September, 1882, p. 623; and a paper on Gorgeana in _N. E.

Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1881, p. 42.

[632] [Cf. _Historical Magazine_, ii. 286, and Note B to chapter vi. of

the present volume.—ED.]

[633] [Mr. Somerby, a native of Massachusetts, who died in London

in 1872, did much during a long sojourn in England to further the

interests of American antiquaries and genealogists. Cf. _N. E. Hist.

and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 340. Colonel Joseph L. Chester also for

many years filled a prominent place in similar work in England, till

his death in 1882. A portrait and notice of him by John T. Latting is

in the _New York Genealogical and Biographical Record_, 1882; also

issued separately: Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, January, 1883,

p. 106.—ED.]

[634] [The deed to Usher as agent of Massachusetts, in 1677, and his

conveyance to Massachusetts are at the State House in Boston. Cf.

_Maine Hist. Coll._, ii. 257; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xi. 201.—ED.]

[635] Mr. Folsom, a graduate of Harvard in 1822, was at this time

living in Saco. He subsequently removed to New York, became an active

member of the New York Historical Society, was minister at the Hague,

and died in Rome, Italy, in 1869.

[636] Special mention should perhaps be made of the enumeration of

Maine titles in the _Brinley Catalogue_ no. 2,571, etc., and of several

town histories published since Mr. Willis wrote his Catalogue, which

in their treatment go back to the early period, namely, _History of

Augusta_, by James W. North; _History of Brunswick_, etc., by G.

A. Wheeler and H. W. Wheeler, 1878; _History of Castine_, by G. A.

Wheeler, Bangor, 1875; _History of Bristol, Bremen, and Pemaquid_, by

John Johnston, Albany, 1873; _History of Ancient Sheepscot and New

Castle_, by David Q. Cushman, Bath, 1882. Most of the local historical

literature can be picked out of F. B. Perkins’s _Check-List of American

Local History_.

A volume entitled _Papers relating to Pemaquid_, collected from the

archives at Albany by Franklin B. Hough, was printed at Albany in 1856.

They relate to the condition of that part of the country when under

the colony of New York, and are of great value. Cf. also Mr. Hough’s

contributions in the _Maine Hist. Coll._, v. and vii. 127. Pemaquid as

a centre of historical interest is also illustrated in J. W. Thornton’s

_Ancient Pemaquid_; in Johnston’s papers in his _History of Bristol_,

etc.; in the Popham_ Memorial Volume_, p. 263; in _Maine Hist. Coll._,

vol. viii.; Vinton’s _Giles Memorial_, 1864; _Historical Magazine_, i.

132; _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1871, p. 131. [See also Vol. IV.

of this History.—ED.]

[637] [The early history of this society is told by Mr. Willis in an

address printed in their _Collections_, vol. iv. Cf. also Note B at the

end of chapter vi. of the present volume.—ED.]

[638] This collection, entitled _America painted to the Life_, passes

by the name of the _Gorges Tracts_. There are copies in Harvard College

Library, and noted in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 127; _Brinley

Catalogue_, nos. 308, 2,640 ($225.) Cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vii.

348; Rich’s _Catalogue_, no. 314; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xviii.

432, and xix. 128; Stevens’s _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no.

247. The relations of Gorges and Champernoun are discussed by C. W.

Tuttle in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 404. See further on

Champernoun in Ibid., 1873, p. 147; 1874, pp. 75, 318, 403. There is an

account of Gorges’ tomb at St. Bordeaux in the _Magazine of American

History_, August, 1882; and notes on his pedigree, in _N. E. Hist. and

Geneal. Reg._, 1861, p. 17; 1864, p. 287; 1872, p. 381; 1877, pp. 42,

44, 112.—ED.

[639] [Captain Christopher Levett. His account was published in London

in 1628. The reprint in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 164, was made from

a copy got in England by Sparks. The Maine Historical Society reprinted

it in their _Collections_, ii. 73 (1847); and the copy in the New York

Historical Society’s Library was then considered to be unique. The

_Huth Catalogue_, iii. 843, and _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. no. 338,

show original copies.—ED.]

[640] [The principal contestants may be thus divided:—

_Pro_,—_New Hampshire Historical Collections_, i.; Bell’s

_Wheelwright_; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1869, p. 65.

_Con_,—Farmer’s _Belknap_; Savage’s _Winthrop_; Palfrey’s _New

England_; and, besides Mr. Deane, the recorded opinions of Dr. Bouton,

Mr. C. W. Tuttle, Mr. J. A. Vinton; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._,

1868, p. 479; 1874, pp. 343, 477; and _Historical Magazine_, i. 57; and

also a letter of Colonel Chester in the _Register_, 1868, p. 350.

The deed is printed in the _Provincial Papers_, i. 56. Cotton Mather’s

original letter regarding it, dated March 3, 1708, is noted in the

_Brinley Catalogue_, no. 1,329. Belknap has printed it, and it is also

in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1862, p. 349.—ED.]

[641] Mason made no use of this grant; and no use had been made of his

grant of Mariana, of March 9, 1621/22, and that to him and Gorges of

Aug. 10, 1622; Hubbard’s _New England_, p. 614.

[642] [Governor Bell discovered in 1870 what is known as the Hilton or

Squamscott patent, of March 12, 1629, and it is printed in the _N. E.

Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1870, p. 264; it was found not to agree as to

its bounds with Piscataqua patent. Jenness, in his _Notes_, contends

that Wiggin set up the title of Massachusetts to the territory under

the 1628/29 charter. It was the conclusion of Mr. C. W. Tuttle (a

studious explorer of New Hampshire history, who died July 18, 1881; cf.

_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xix. 2, 11) that Bloody Point, being included

in both grants, became the cause of the trouble between Neale and

Wiggin, as told by Hubbard.—ED.]

[643] Mason’s will, or a long extract from it, may be seen in Hazard,

i. 397-399, dated Nov. 26, 1635; also in _Provincial Papers_. These

papers last named are a publication of the State. The Rev. Dr.

Nathaniel Bouton, between 1867 and 1876, completed ten volumes of

Papers. They contain nothing before 1631; few from 1631 to 1686. Most

of the original papers between 1641 and 1679 are in the _Massachusetts

Archives_. The papers of interest in the present connection are in

vols. i. and ii. The series has since been resumed under another

editor, with the publication (1882) of the first part (A to F) of

documents relating to towns, 1680-1800. Very few of the papers,

however, are before 1700. Colonel A. H. Hoyt’s “Notes, Historical and

Bibliographical, on the Laws of New Hampshire,” are in _Amer. Antiq.

Soc. Proc._, April, 1876. Like most of the patents issued at the grand

division, Mason’s grant included ten thousand acres more of land on the

southeast part of Sagadahoc, “from henceforth to be called by the name

of Massonia.”

[644] [John Farmer (1789-1838) and Jacob B. Moore (1797-1853). Each

did much for New Hampshire history. For an account of Farmer, see _N.

E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, i. 12, 15. He published a first volume

(Dover, 1831) of a projected new edition of Belknap’s _History of New

Hampshire_, from a copy “having the author’s last corrections.” Moore

was the father of the well-known historical student, Dr. George H.

Moore, of the Lenox Library.—ED.]

[645] [Cf. C. K. Adams, _Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 549.

Mention has been made elsewhere of the Belknap Papers; cf. _Mass. Hist.

Soc. Proc._, March, 1858.—ED.]

[646] [The reports of the Adjutant-General of the State, 1866 and 1868,

contained Mr. Chandler E. Potter’s _Military History of New Hampshire_,

from 1623 to 1861, issued separately at Concord in 1869. The histories

by Whiton (1834) and Barstow (1853) are of minor importance.] There

are many valuable histories of separate towns in New Hampshire, and I

cannot do better than refer to the “Bibliography of New Hampshire,”

in Norton’s _Literary Letter_, new series, no. i. pp. 8-30, by S. C.

Eastman. [A current periodical, _The Granite Monthly_, is devoting

much space to New Hampshire history; cf. Sabin, vol. xiii. no. 37,486,

etc.—ED.]

[647] J. Hammond Trumbull, in _Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. 8. [Dr.

Trumbull has compassed a large part of the field of the Indian

nomenclature of Connecticut in his _Indian Names of Places: ... in

Connecticut, etc._, Hartford, 1881. The fortunes of the natives of this

colony have been traced in J. W. De Forest’s _History of the Indians of

Connecticut_ (with a map of 1630), of which there have been successive

editions in 1850, 1853, and 1871. Of Uncas, the most famous of the

Mohegan chiefs, there is a pedigree, as made out in 1679, recorded in

the _Colony Records_, Deeds, iii. 312, and printed in _N. E. Hist. and

Geneal. Reg._, 1856, p. 227. The will of his son Joshua is in Ibid.,

1859, p. 235. An agreement which Uncas made in 1681 with the whites is

in the _Public Records_, i. 309, and in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, x.

16. The warfare in 1642 between Uncas and Miantonomo, the chief of the

Narragansetts, and which ended with the latter’s death in captivity,

the English approving, is described by Winthrop and Hubbard; also in

Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, chap. 7; Arnold’s _Rhode Island_, chap. 4;

Palfrey’s _New England_, vol. ii. chap. 3; and it was the subject of

an historical address in 1842 by William L. Stone, called _Uncas and

Miantonomo_.—ED.]

[648] _Massachusetts Colonial Records_, i. 170.

[649] See _Connecticut Colonial Records_, i. 4.

[650] J. Hammond Trumbull, as above, p. 15.

[651] _New Haven Records._

[652] [Block, in 1614, had been the first to explore the river for the

Dutch; and both O’Callaghan (_New Netherland_, i. 169) and Brodhead

(New York, i. 235) set forth the prior right of the Dutch; cf. _N. E.

Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, vi. 368.—ED.]

[653] [Roger Wolcott celebrated Winthrop’s agency in London, in 1662,

in a long poem, which was printed in Wolcott’s _Poetical Meditations_,

London, 1725, and in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._ Cf. _Carter-Brown

Catalogue_, iii. 369; Brinley Catalogue, no. 2,134.—ED.]

[654] It had been printed by Trumbull in 1797, in the Appendix to the

first edition of his _History_, i. 528-533; and is repeated in the

second edition, 1818; cf. Dr. J. H. Trumbull’s _Historical Notes on the

Constitutions of Connecticut_, 1639-1878, published in 1873. Hinman

published a collection of _Letters of the Kings of England to the

Successive Governors_ (1635-1749).

[655] Douglass’s _Summary_, ii. 160; Neal’s _New England_, 2d ed., i.

163; Trumbull’s 2d ed. 1818, i. 21; Hubbard, p. 310.

[656] Trumbull, i. 28, from manuscripts of President Clap. This old

Connecticut patent has always been a mystery. Some of the colonists

of the Winthrop emigration to Massachusetts in 1630 were unfavorably

impressed on their arrival with the place selected for a plantation.

The sad mortality of the preceding winter was appalling, and they began

to cast their thoughts on a more southerly spot than Massachusetts

Bay. In a letter of John Humfrey, written from London, Dec. 9, 1636,

in reply to one just received from his brother-in-law, Isaac Johnson,

from the colony, he says, in speaking of Mr. Downing: “He is the only

man for Council that is heartily ours in the town; and yet, unless you

settle upon a good river and in a less snowy and cold place, I can see

no great edge on him to come unto us.” Further on he says, “My Lord

of Warwick will take a patent of that place you writ of for himself,

and so we may be bold to do there as if it were our own.” (4 _Mass.

Hist. Coll._, vi. 3, 4.) No further hint is given as to the location of

Warwick’s intended grant, and we have no contemporaneous record of any

patent having been taken by him at this time or later. The Earl was a

great friend of the Puritans. It was through him that the Massachusetts

patent was obtained; and the patent to the people of Plymouth was

signed by him alone, but in the name of the Council, and sealed with

their seal.

The title to Connecticut was contested. On the grand division of 1635,

James, Marquis, afterward Duke, of Hamilton, received for his share

the territory between the Connecticut and Narragansett rivers, and

a copy of his feoffment was cited by Chalmers, as on record bearing

date April 22, 1635, that being the date which all the grants of that

final division bore. From a copy on the Connecticut files Mr. R. R.

Hinman, Secretary of State, published the deed in a volume of ancient

documents, at Hartford, in 1836. On the Restoration the heirs of the

Duke, in a petition to the King, asked to “be restored to their just

right,” and their claim was, in 1664, laid by the King’s commissioners

before the Connecticut authorities. These in their answer set up, in

the first place, the prior grant of Lord Say and Sele and others, which

Connecticut, as they alleged, had “purchased at a dear rate,” and which

had been recently ratified and confirmed by the King in their new

charter; then, secondly, a conquest from the natives; and, thirdly,

they claimed thirty years’ peaceable possession (Trumbull, i. 524,

530). At a period still later, the Earl of Arran, a grandson, applied

to King William for a hearing; and when in a formal manner several

patents were exhibited on the part of Connecticut, the Earl’s final

reply was, “that when they produced a grant from the Plymouth Council

to the Earl of Warwick, it should have an answer.” (Chalmers, pp.

299-301; Trumbull, i. 524.)

Some entries in the recently recovered records of the Council for New

England tend to deepen the suspicion that the Earl of Warwick never

received the alleged grant from that body. It is true that the records

as preserved are not entire, and do not cover the year 1630, and for

the year 1631 they begin at November 4. But some later entries are very

significant. Under date of June 21, 1632, which is three months after

the date of the grant to Lord Say and Sele and associates, is this

entry: “The Secretary is to bring, against the next meeting, a rough

draft in paper of a patent for the E. of Warwick, from the river of the

Narrigants 10 leagues westward. Sir Ferd. Gorges will forthwith give

particular directions for the said patent.” At the next meeting, June

26, “The rough draft of a patent for the E. of Warwick was now read.

His Lordship, upon hearing the same, gave order that the grant should

be unto Rob. Lord Rich and his associates, A, B, etc. And it was agreed

by the Council that the limits of the said patent should be 30 English

miles westward, and 50 miles into the land northward, provided that it

did not prejudice any other patent formerly granted.” A committee was

appointed to take further order respecting this patent, and there is no

evidence that it was ever perfected or issued. This proposed grant, it

will be seen, covered in part the same territory previously included in

the grant above cited to Lord Say, Lord Brook, Lord Rich, and others by

the Earl of Warwick himself.

Three days afterward some very singular orders were adopted by the

Council, indicating that there had been a serious disagreement with the

Earl, or that a feeling akin to suspicion, of which the Earl was the

object, had found a lodgment in that body. The Earl being president,

the meetings for some years had been held at “Warwick House in

Holborne.” At a meeting on the 29th of June, at which the Earl was not

present, “It was agreed that the E. of Warwick should be entreated to

direct a course for finding out what patents have been granted for New

England.” (Did not the Council keep a record of their grants?) Also,

“The Lord Great Chamberlain and the rest of the Council now present

sent their clerk unto the E. of Warwick for the Council’s great seal,

it being in his Lordship’s keeping.” Answer was brought that as soon as

his man Williams came in he would send it. It was then voted that the

meetings of the Council, which for some time, as I have already said,

had been held at Warwick House, should hereafter be held at Captain

Mason’s House, in Fenchurch Street. But the seal was not then sent, and

during the next five months two other formal applications were made for

it. In the mean time and thence after the records indicate the Earl’s

absence from the meetings, and finally Lord Gorges was chosen President

of the Council in his place.

The patent to Lord Say and Sele, it may be added, was never formally

transferred to Connecticut. In the agreement of 1644/45 Fenwick

conveyed the fort and lands on the river, and promised to convey the

jurisdiction of all the lands between Narragansett River and Saybrook

Fort, “if it come into his power,”—which he seems never to have done,

though the authorities of Connecticut claimed that they had paid him

for it. For a long time the Connecticut authorities appear to have

had no copy of this patent, for they were often challenged to exhibit

it, and were not able to do so; though they say that a copy was shown

to the commissioners when the confederation of the colonies was

formed,—then of course in the possession of Fenwick; and in 1648 it

is referred to as having been recently seen. (Hazard, ii. 120, 123.)

A transcript of this patent was found in London by John Winthrop,

among the papers of Governor Hopkins, who died there in 1658. See

_Connecticut Colonial Records_, pp. 268, 568, 573, 574.

[657] First edition, vol. i. Appendix v. and vi. See also Ibid., i.

149, 507-510, edition of 1818, with which compare _Connecticut Colonial

Records_, pp. 568, 573, 585.

[658] Vol. i. p. 306; cf. Trumbull, i. 110; Hutchinson, i. 100, 101.

[659] Vol. i. pp. 77-80, 509-563, 1-384. The twelve Capital Laws of the

Connecticut Colony, established in 1642, were taken almost literally

from the Body of Liberties of Massachusetts, established in 1641. The

preamble to the code of 1650, the paragraph following it, and many, if

not all, of the laws were taken from the Massachusetts Book of Laws

published in 1649. A copy of the constitution of 1639 was prefixed to

the Code. This was first printed in a small volume in 1822 at Hartford,

by Silas Andrus, called _The Code of 1650, being a Compilation of the

Earliest Laws and Orders of the General Court of Connecticut; also,

the Constitution, or Civil Compact, entered into and adopted by the

Towns of Windsor, Hartford, and Weathersfield, in 1638-39, to which is

added some Extracts from the Laws and Judicial Proceedings of New Haven

Colony commonly called Blue Laws_. There was an edition at Hartford in

1828, 1830, 1838, from the same plates; and in 1861 there appeared at

Philadelphia _A Collection of the Earliest Statutes, Edited with an

Introduction_, by Samuel W. Smucker.

[660] Cf. also Trumbull, i. chap. viii.; Caulkins, _New London_, pp.

27-50.

[661] Vol. i. pp. 259, 260, 404, 405.

[662] Vol. i. 1, _et seq._; cf. Trumbull, i. chap. vi.; Hubbard, chap.

xlii. See also Davenport’s _Discourse about Civil Government in a New

Plantation_, Cambridge, 1663, probably written at this early period;

Leonard Bacon, _Thirteen Historical Discourses_, New Haven, 1839; and

Professor J. L. Kingsley, _Historical Discourse_, New Haven, 1838.

[663] [Of Governor Eaton, the first governor of New Haven, there is a

memoir by J. B. Moore in 2 _N. Y. Hist. Coll._, ii. 467.—ED.]

[664] A copy of the original edition is also in the Library of the

Boston Athenæum, not quite perfect. Two copies were in the sale of Mr.

Brinley’s library in 1879, and they brought, one $380, the other, not

perfect, $310. Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, in his learned Introduction

to his edition of _The True-Blue Laws of Connecticut and New Haven,

and the False Blue Laws Invented by the Rev. Samuel Peters_, etc.,

Hartford, 1876, says: “Just when or by whom the acts and proceedings of

New Haven Colony were first stigmatized as _Blue Laws_ cannot now be

ascertained. The presumption, however, is strong that the name had its

origin in New York, and that it gained currency in Connecticut among

Episcopalian and other dissenters from the established church, between

1720 and 1750” (p. 24). He thinks that “blue” was a convenient epithet

for whatever “in colonial laws and proceedings looked over-strict, or

queer, or ‘puritanic’” (pp. 24, 27).

Mr. Peters, of course, did not invent the name. He says of these laws:

“They consist of a vast multitude, and were very properly termed _Blue

Laws_, i.e., _bloody laws_.” In his _General History of Connecticut_,

London, 1781, Peters gives some forty-five of these laws as a sample of

the whole, “denominated _blue laws_ by the neighboring colonies,” which

“were never suffered to be printed.” The greater part of these probably

never had an existence as standing laws or otherwise. The archives

of the colony fail to reveal such, though we do not forget that the

jurisdiction records for nine years are lost. Peters’ laws have often

been reprinted, and appear in Mr. Trumbull’s volume above cited, along

with authentic documents relating to the foundation of Connecticut and

New Haven colonies, already referred to in this paper. (See Peters’

_Connecticut_, pp. 63, 66; the _New-Englander_, April, 1871, art. “Blue

Laws;” and _Methodist Quarterly Review_, January, 1878.)

It might be inferred from the conclusion of the titlepage (cited

above) of the small volume published by Silas Andrus, at Hartford,

in 1822, on bluish paper, bound in blue covers, with a frontispiece

representing a constable seizing a tobacco taker, which was stereotyped

and subsequently issued at different dates, that the book contained the

Peters’ laws; but what related to New Haven here were simply extracts

of a few laws and court orders from the records. The Blue Laws of

Peters were reprinted by J. W. Barber, in his _History and Antiquities

of New Haven_, 1831, with a note in which the old story is repeated,

that the term blue originated from the color of the paper in which

the first printed laws were stitched. They were also printed by Mr.

Hinman, formerly Secretary of the State of Connecticut, in 1838, in

a volume already cited, along with other valuable documents relating

to the colony, and with what he called the Blue Laws of Virginia, of

Barbadoes, of Maryland, New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and

Plymouth.

Peters’ _Connecticut_ (1781) is now a scarce book. The copy in the

Menzies sale, no. 1,590, brought $125. Cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no.

2,088, etc. The interest in this apocryphal history of Connecticut and

in Peters’ Blue Laws was revived in modern times by the publication

in 1829 of a new edition of Peters’ _History_, in 12º., at New Haven,

with a preface and eighty-seven pages of supplementary notes. The

anonymous editor of the new edition was Sherman Croswell, son of the

Rev. Harry Croswell,—a recent graduate of Yale College, who furnished

the supplementary notes. Nearly all the type of this edition was set by

the late Joel Munsell, then a young man just twenty-one years of age.

Mr. Croswell subsequently went to Albany as co-editor with his cousin,

Edwin Croswell, of the _Albany Argus_. (Joel Munsell, _Manuscript

Note_; October, 1871.) Professor Franklin B. Dexter, of Yale College,

writes me under date of Feb. 20, 1883, respecting the enterprise of

publishing the new edition of Peters’ _History_: “I have heard that

the publisher, Dorus Clarke, used to say that he lost $2,000 by the

publication. Sherman Croswell was a young lawyer then living here, a

son of the Rev. Dr. Harry Croswell, and brother and classmate (Yale

College, 1822) of the more gifted Rev. William Croswell, of the Church

of the Advent in Boston. Sherman was born Nov. 10, 1802; removed to

Albany in 1831, and became an editor of the _Argus_ with his cousin,

Edwin Croswell; returned to New Haven in 1855, and died here March

4, 1859. I have repeatedly heard that he edited this publication,

though my authority has never been a very definite one. Munsell’s note

I should not hesitate to accept as far as this fact is concerned.”

Munsell inadvertently calls Sherman Croswell a brother of Edwin. A

spurious edition of this book was published in New York in 1877, edited

by a descendant of the author, S. J. McCormick. Cf. _Amer. Antiq. Soc.

Proc._, Oct. 22, 1877, and _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1877, p. 238.

But New Haven was not the only New England colony whose laws were

satirized or burlesqued by those who did not sympathize with the strict

ways of the Puritan. John Josselyn, who visited the Massachusetts

Colony twice, in his account of the country published in 1674 professes

to give some of the laws of that colony. Some of those cited by him

are true, and some are false. Some were court orders or sentences

for crimes. One is similar to a law in Peters’ code: “For kissing a

woman in the street, though in the way of civil salute, whipping or a

fine” (p. 178). Of course there were at an early period in the colony

instances of ridiculous punishments awarded at the sole discretion of

the magistrate, of which the record in all cases may not be preserved,

and it is hazardous to deny, for that reason, that they ever took

place. The existence of standing laws are more easily ascertained.

Josselyn (p. 179) refers the reader to “their Laws in print.” During

his second visit to Massachusetts (1663-1671) he could have seen the

digest of 1649, and that of 1660. Of the first no copy is now extant,

but the Connecticut code of 1650, first printed in 1822, was perhaps

substantially a transcript of it. 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._ viii. 214.

Josselyn probably never examined either of the Massachusetts digests.

The notorious Edward Ward published, in 1699 a folio of sixteen pages,

entitled _A Trip to New England_, etc. (Carter-Brown, ii. 1580.) A

large part of it, where he speaks of “Boston and the Inhabitants,”

is abusive and scandalous. He enlarges upon Josselyn in the instance

cited, whose book he had seen. Mr. Drake and Dr. Shurtleff, in their

histories of Boston, both quote from it. No one would think of

believing “Ned Ward,” the editor of the _London Spy_, who was sentenced

more than once to stand in the pillory for his scurrility; yet for all

this he probably was as truthful, if not as pious, as Parson Peters of

a later generation.

[665] See Trumbull, i. 297; _New Haven Colonial Records_, ii. 217, 238,

363; _Connecticut Colonial Records_, ii. 283, 303, 308, 324.

[666] [See chap. x. of the present volume, and chap. ix. of Vol.

IV.—ED.]

[667] See also Winthrop’s letter in _Connecticut Historical Society’s

Collections_, i. 52, and Secretary Clarke’s in _Mass. Hist. Soc.

Proc._, xi. 344. The earnest protest of New Haven against the union,

till the time it really took place, may be seen in the records of that

colony from 1662 to 1665.

[668] See also Hutchinson, i. 213-220; the lecture on _The Regicides

sheltered in New England_, Feb. 5, 1869, by Dr. Chandler Robbins, who

used the new materials published in a volume of “Mather Papers” in 4

_Massachusetts Historical Society’s Collections_, vol. viii.; J. W.

Barber’s _History and Antiquities of New Haven_, etc., 1831.

[669] Cf. Trumbull, _History_, i. 524, 526, 362, 363; Arnold’s _Rhode

Island_, vol. i., _passim_; Palfrey, _New England_, vol. ii. [An

elaborate monograph of the _Boundary Disputes of Connecticut_, by C.

W. Bowen, Boston, 1882, covers the original claims to the soil, and

the disputes with Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York. It is

illustrated with the Dutch map of 1616, an Indian map of 1630, and

various others.—ED.]

[670] Copies are rare. A copy sold in the Brinley sale (no. 2,001)

for $300. Mr. Brinley issued a private reprint of it, following this

copy, in which he gave a fac-simile of the title and an historical

introduction.

[671] [Cf. C. K. Adams’s _Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 552.

The author was the Rev. Benjamin Trumbull, D.D. (b. 1735; d. 1820).

The papers of Governor Jonathan Trumbull (b. 1710; d. 1785), bound

in twenty-three volumes, are in the library of the Massachusetts

Historical Society; and the writer of the present chapter is the

chairman of a committee preparing them for publication. Their chief

importance, however, is for the Revolutionary period. The papers were

procured in 1795, by Dr. Belknap, from the family of the Governor. One

volume (19th) was burned in 1825. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, i. 85,

393.—ED.]

[672] [Dr. Trumbull’s labors ceased, with the second volume after the

union; when, beginning with 1689, the editorial charge was taken by Mr.

Hoadly.—ED.]

[673] Reference may here be made to a valuable note on the alleged

incident, as related by Dr. Benjamin Trumbull in 1797, which has for

so many years invested “The Charter Oak” with so much interest. See

Palfrey, iii. 542-544. Vol. iii. of the _Colonial Records_ contains a

valuable official correspondence relating to this period, and also the

“Laws enacted by Governor Andros and his Council,” for the colony, in

1687.

[674] The first volume (1860) has reprints of Gershom Bulkeley’s _The

People’s Right to Election ... argued_, etc., 1869, following a rare

tract of Mr. Brinley on _Their Majesties’ Colony of Connecticut in New

England Vindicated_, 1694. A second volume of _Collections_ was issued

in 1870.

[675] [The first, in 1865, contained a history of the colony, by Henry

White; an essay on its civil government, by Leonard Bacon; and others

on the currency of the colony, etc. In the second is a valuable sketch

of the life and writings of Davenport, by F. B. Dexter, and some notes

on Goffe and Whalley from the same source. The third includes J. R.

Trowbridge, Jr., on “The Ancient Maritime Interests of New Haven;”

Dr. Henry Bronson on “The early Government of Connecticut and the

Constitution of 1639;” and F. B. Dexter on “The Early Relations between

New Netherland and New England.”—ED.]

[676] It has a map of New Haven in 1641.

[677] [There is no considerable Connecticut bibliography of local

history; and F. B. Perkins’s _Check-List of American Local History_

must be chiefly depended on; but the _Brinley Catalogue_, nos.

2,001-2,340, is very rich in this department. So also is Sabin’s

_Dictionary_, iv. 395, etc., for official and anonymous publications.

There are various miscellaneous references in Poole’s _Index_, p. 292.

E. H. Gillett has a long paper on “Civil Liberty in Connecticut” in the

_Historical Magazine_, July, 1868. Mr. R. R. Hinman’s _Early Puritan

Settlers of Connecticut_ was first issued in 1846-48 (366 pages), and

reissued (884 pages) in 1852-56. Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._,

1870, p. 84. Savage’s _Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of

New England_, however, is the chief source of genealogical information

for the earliest comers.—ED.]

[678] The official name of this State since 1663 is “Rhode Island and

Providence Plantations.” The Island of “Aquedneck,” its Indian name,

spelled in various ways, was so called till 1644, when the Court

ordered that henceforth it be “called the Isle of Rhodes, or Rhode

Island.” It is said that Block, the Dutch navigator, in 1614, gave the

island the name of “Roodt Eylandt,” from the prevalence of red clay in

some portions of its shores. There are traditions connecting the name

with Verrazano and the Isle of Rhodes in Asia Minor, which require no

further mention. See Arnold’s _Rhode Island_, i. 70; _Rhode Island

Colonial Records_, i. 127; Verrazano in 2 _N. Y. Hist. Coll._, i. 46;

Brodhead’s _New York_, i. 57, 58; _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, i. 367; J.

G. Kohl, in _Magazine of American History_, February, 1883.

[679] In 1838 it was republished as vol. iv. of Rhode Island Historical

Society’s _Collections_, edited by Professor Romeo Elton, with notes,

and a memoir of the author, and reissued in Boston in 1843; cf.

_Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. 600.

[680] It was reprinted in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ix. 166-203. It is

called “inaccurate” by Bancroft.

[681] Cited by S. G. Arnold, _History of Rhode Island_, i. 124.

[682] Bartlett’s _Bibliography of Rhode Island_, p. 204.

[683] [A second edition was published in 1874; cf. C. K. Adams’s

_Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 552.—ED.]

[684] John Pitman’s Discourse was delivered in August, 1836; Job

Durfee’s in January, 1847; and Zachariah Allen’s in April, 1876; and

another, by Mr. Allen, on “The Founding of Rhode Island,” in 1881.

[685] The original edition of the _Key_ was issued in London in 1643.

_Brinley Catalogue_, no. 2,380. It is also reprinted in the _R. I.

Hist. Soc. Coll._, vol. i. See an earlier page under “Massachusetts.”

[686] It was at first intended to republish also such of the writings

of John Cotton, George Fox, and John Clarke as were connected with

Roger Williams, to be followed by the writings of Samuel Gorton and

Governor Coddington; but with the exception of two pieces by Cotton,

edited by R. A. Guild, the publications of the Club have been limited

to the writings of Williams.

[687] He published an abridgment in 1804, which was reprinted in

Philadelphia, in 1844, with a memoir of the author, under the title of

_Church History of New England_, from 1620 to 1804. Backus was born in

1724, and died in 1806.

[688] [Dr. Turner also read a paper—_Settlers of Aquedneck and Liberty

of Conscience_—before the Historical Society, in February, 1880, which

was published at Newport the same year.—ED.]

[689] [Dr. Dexter a few years since recovered a lost tract by Williams,

_Christenings make not Christians_, 1645, which he found in the British

Museum, and edited for Rider’s _Historical Tracts_, no. 14, in 1881,

adding certain of Williams’s letters. Williams’s letter to George

Fox, 1672, in his controversy with the Quakers, is printed in the

_Historical Magazine_, ii. 56.—ED.]

[690] [Sabin’s _Dictionary_, iv. 106; _Menzies Catalogue_, no.

392; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 729. It was reprinted

in 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ii. pp. 1-113. Thomas Cobbett’s _Civil

Magistrates’ Power in Matters of Religion modestly debated_, London,

1653, was in part an answer to this “slanderous pamphlet” (_Prince

Catalogue_, no. 97-154). The character of Clarke and the influence of

his mission to England, wherein he procured the revocation of William

Coddington’s commission as governor, gave rise to a controversy between

George Bancroft and Josiah Quincy in relation to the misapprehension

of Grahame on the subject in his _History of the United States_; cf.

_Historical Magazine_, August, 1865 (ix. 233), and the references noted

in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, ii. 339. Coddington (of whom there is

an alleged portrait in the Council Chamber at Newport,—_N. E. Hist.

and Geneal. Reg._, 1873, p. 241) also had his controversy with the

Massachusetts authorities, and his side of the question is given in his

_Demonstration of True Love unto ... the rulers of the Massachusetts,

... by one who was once in authority with them, but always testified

against their persecuting spirit_, which was printed in 1674. _Menzies

Catalogue_, no. 422 ($36); _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no.

1,101. See _Magazine of American History_, iii. 642; _N. E. Hist. and

Geneal. Reg._, April, 1882, p. 138.—ED.]

[691] [A copy of the charter is in the _Massachusetts Archives_

(Miscellaneous, i. 135), and it is printed in the _N. E. Hist. and

Geneal. Reg._, 1857, p. 41. The discussion in the _Mass. Hist. Soc.

Proc._ was by Mr. Deane and Colonel Thomas Aspinwall. The latter’s

contribution was also issued in Providence (2d ed.) in 1865, as

_Remarks on the Narragansett Patent_.—ED.]

[692] Other digests followed in 1730, 1745, 1752, and 1767.

[693] [Cf. Thomas T. Stone on _Roger Williams the Prophetic

Legislator_, Providence, 1872.—ED.]

[694] [Cf. Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume.—ED.]

[695] See chapter xi.

[696] See chapter xi.

[697] _The History of the Province of New York, from the first

Discovery to the year MDCCXXXII. To which is annexed a Description of

the Country, with a short Account of the Inhabitants, their Trade,

Religious and Political State, and the Constitution of the Courts of

Justice in that Colony._ By William Smith, A.M. London; MDCCLVII., 4º,

pp. 255.

[698] [Of Smith and his History O’Callaghan (ii. 64) says “Smith knew

about as little of the history of New Netherland as many of his readers

of the present day.”—ED.]

[699] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate of Smith in Vol. IV. Also, _Hist.

Mag._, xiv. 266.—ED.]

[700] _The Natural, Statistical, and Civil History of the State of New

York_, in three volumes, by James Macauley. New York, 1829. 8º.

[701] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[702] _History of the New Netherlands, Province of New York, and State

of New York, to the Adoption of the Federal Constitution._ In two

volumes. By William Dunlap. Printed for the author by Carter & Thorp,

New York, 1839-1840. 2 vols. 8º.

[703] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[704] _History of the State of New York_, by John Romeyn Brodhead.

First period, 1609-1664. New York, 1853; second edition, 1859. Second

period, 1664-1691. New York, 1871. Harper & Brothers, New York. 2 vols.

8º. Mr. Brodhead was born Jan. 21, 1814, and died May 6, 1873.

[705] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate of Brodhead in Vol. IV., where, in

the chapter on New Netherland, an examination is made of the labors of

Brodhead and others in amassing and arranging the documentary history

of the State.—ED.]

[706] See also Bowden’s _Friends in America_, i. 309; Lamb’s _New

York_, i. 180; Valentine’s _Manual_, 1842-43, p. 147; Gay’s _Popular

History of the United States_, ii. 236.

[707] There were later enlarged editions in 1680 and 1705, or of about

those dates. Muller, _Catalogue_ (1877), no. 3,389.

[708] Cf. Mr. Fernow’s chapter in Vol. IV. It was afterwards followed

in part in Lotter’s map. (Asher’s _List_, no. 20.)

[709] [See a chapter in Vol. IV. for the Dutch rule.—ED.]

[710] [See this volume, chap. x., for the English Conquest.—ED.]

[711] [See Vol. IV. for the Swedish rule.—ED.]

[712] [See chapter ix.; and the full treatment of the struggle to

maintain the charter, given by Mr Deane, in the _Memorial History of

Boston_, i. 329.—ED.]

[713] _East Jersey under the Proprietary Governments_, pp. 250, 251.

[714] Leaming and Spicer’s _Grants and Concessions_, p. 493.

[715] [See chapter x.—ED.]

[716] It was entitled _A Brief Account of the Province of East Jersey

in America, published by the present Proprietors, for information of

all such persons who are or may be inclined to settle themselves,

families, and servants in that country_.

[717] It was styled _A Brief Account of the Province of East New

Jersey in America. Published by the Scots’ Proprietors having interest

there, For the information of such as may have a desire to Transport

themselves or their Families thither; wherein the Nature and Advantage

of, and Interest in, a Forraign Plantation to this Country is

Demonstrated. Printed by_ JOHN REID.

[718] Twenty-five copies were printed separately, bearing date 1867.

Sabin’s _Dictionary_, xiii. 53,079. _Alofsen Catalogue_, No. 823.

[719] Vol. I. p. 226.

[720] It was entitled _The Model of the Government of the Province of

East New Jersey in America; And Encouragements for such as Designs to

be concerned there. Published for Information of such as are desirous

to be Interested in that place_.

[721] [The copies known are these: 1. New Jersey Historical Society. 2.

Harvard College Library. 3. John Carter Brown Library, Providence. 4.

William A. Whitehead, Newark. 5. J. A. King, Long Island. 6. British

Museum. 7. Huth Library, London. 8. Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh. 9.

Göttingen University. 10. Lenox Library, New York.—ED.]

[722] The title, in full, is quite a correct table of contents, and

under the several headings is given very excellent advice as to the

course to be followed to insure success in the new settlements. It is

as follows: _Good Order Established in Pennsilvania and New Jersey in

America. Being a true Account of the Country, With its Produce and

Commodities there made, And the great Improvements that may be made by

means of Publick Store-houses for Hemp, Flax, and Linnen-Cloth; also,

the Advantages of a Publick School, the profits of a Publick Bank, and

the Probability of its arising, if those directions here laid down are

followed; With the advantages of publick Granaries. Likewise, several

other things needful to be understood by those that are or do intend to

be concerned in planting in the said Countries. All which is laid down

very plain in this small Treatise; it being easie to be understood by

any ordinary Capacity. To which the Reader is referred for his further

satisfaction. By_ THOMAS BUDD. _Printed in the year 1685_.

[723] The title, which may also be considered a table of contents, was

as follows: _An Historical Description of the Province and Country of

West New Jersey in America. A short View of their Laws, Customs, and

Religions. As also the Temperament of the Air and Climate, The fatness

of the Soil, with the vast Produce of Rice, etc., the improvement of

the Lands as in England to Pasture, Meadows, etc. Their making great

quantities of Pitch and Tar, as also Turpentine, which proceeds from

the Pine Trees, with Rosen as clear as Gum Arabick, with particular

Remarks upon their Towns, Fairs, and Markets; with the great Plenty of

Oyl and Whale-Bone, made from the great number of whales they yearly

take: As also many other Profitable and New Improvements. Never made

Publick till now. By_ GABRIEL THOMAS.

[This book is rare, and may be worth, when found, $200. Copies have

brought, however, $300 within ten years. _Griswold Catalogue_, Part

I. No. 851. It was reprinted in lithographic fac-simile in New York

in 1848 for Henry Austin Brady. One copy, on blue writing paper and

illustrated, was in the Griswold sale, No. 852.—ED.]

[724] It was entitled _The Case put and decided. By George Fox, George

Whitehead, Stephen Crisp, and other the most Antient and Eminent

Quakers. Between Edward Billing, on the one part, and some West

Jersians, headed by Samuell Jenings, on the other part, In an Award

relating to the Government of their Province, wherein, because not

moulded to the Pallate of the said Samuell, the Light, the Truth, the

Justice, and Infallibility of these great Friends are arreigned by him

and his Accomplices. Also Several Remarks and Anniversations on the

same Award, setting forth the Premises. With some Reflections on the

Sensless Opposition of these Men against the present Governour, and

their daring Audatiousness in their presumptuous asserting an Authority

here over the Parliament of England. Published for the Information of

the Impartial and Considerate, particularly such as Worship God and

profess Christianity not in Faction and Hypocrisie, but in Truth and

Sincerity_. Ending with the texts Isa. xxx. 1, Isa. xlvii. 10, and [no

book given] v. 11.

[725] He entitled it _Truth Rescued from Forgery and Falshood. Being An

Answer to a late Scurralous piece, Entituled The Case put and Decided,

etc.; Which Stole into the World without any known Author’s name

affixed thereto, And renders it the more like its Father, Who was a

Lyer and Murtherer from the Beginning. By_ SAMUEL JENINGS.

[726] _A Journal of the Life, Travels, Sufferings, and Labour of

Love in the Work of the Ministry of that Worthy Elder and faithful

Servant of Jesus Christ, William Edmundson, Who departed this Life the

thirty-first of the sixth Month, 1712._

[727] It received the following title: _A Bill in the Chancery of New

Jersey, at the Suit of John, Earl of Stair, and others, Proprietors of

the Eastern-Division of New Jersey, against Benjamin Bond, and some

other Persons of Elizabeth-Town, distinguished as Clinker Lot Right

Men; With three large Maps, done from Copper Plates. To which is added

The Publications of the Council of Proprietors of East New Jersey, and

Mr. Nevill’s Speeches to the General Assembly, Concerning the Riots

committed in New Jersey, and the Pretences of the Rioters, and their

Seducers. These Papers will give a better Light into the History and

Constitution of New Jersey than any Thing hitherto published, the

Matters whereof have been chiefly collected from Records. Published by

Subscription: Printed by James Parker, in New York, 1747, and a few

Copies are to be Sold by him and Benjamin Franklin, in Philadelphia.

Price, bound, and Maps coloured, Three Pounds; plain and stitcht only,

Fifty Shillings, Proclamation Money_.

[728] It is to be regretted that one who is styled by Smith, the

historian of New York, “a gentleman eminent in the law, and equally

distinguished for his humanity, generosity, great ability, and

honorable stations,” should never have had his biography written.

[Alexander’s own copy of the bill was sold in the Brinley sale, 1880,

No. 3591, and contained considerable manuscript additions in his

handwriting.—ED.]

[729] The following is the title of the publication: _An Answer to a

Bill in the Chancery of New Jersey, at the suit of John, Earl of Stair,

and others, commonly called Proprietors of the Eastern Division of New

Jersey, against Benjamin Bond and others, claiming under the original

Proprietors and Associates, of Elizabeth-Town. To which is added:

Nothing either of The Publications of The Council of Proprietors of

East New-Jersey, or of The Pretences of the Rioters and their Seducers;

Except, so far as the Persons meant by Rioters Pretend Title against

the Parties to the above Answer; but a Great Deal of the Controversy,

Though Much Less of the History and Constitution of New Jersey than the

said Bill. Audi Alteram Partem. Published by Subscription. New York:

Printed and Sold by James Parker at the New Printing Office in Beaver

Street_. 1752, pp. 218, _folio_.

[730] Of the minor publications meriting attention the following are

thought worthy of notice here:—

_A Brief Vindication of the Purchassors Against the Proprietors in a

Christian Manner. 48 pages 20º. New York, 1746._

_An Answer to the Council of Proprietors’ two Publications, set forth

at Perth Amboy the 25th of March, 1746, and the 25th of March, 1747. As

also some observations on Mr. Nevill’s Speech to the House of Assembly

in relation to a Petition presented to the House of Assembly, met

at Trentown, in the Province of New Jersey, in May, 1746. New York:

Printed and sold by the Widow Catharine Zenger, 1747_. _Folio_, pp. 13.

This is very rare, only two copies known.

_A Pocket Commentary of the first settling of New Jersey by the

Europeans; and an Account or fair detail of the original Indian East

Jersey Grants, and other rights of the like tenor in East New Jersey.

Digested in order. New York: Printed by Samuel Parker. 1759. 8º._

To these may be added the following of an earlier date:—

_A further account of New Jersey in an Abstract of Letters lately writ

from thence by several inhabitants there resident, 1676._ This has been

reprinted in fac-simile by Mr. Brinton Coxe.

_The true state of the case between John Fenwick, Esq., and John

Eldridge and Edmund Warner, concerning Mr. Fenwick’s Ten Parts of

his land in West New Jersey in America_. London, 1677; Philadelphia,

reprinted 1765. A copy is in the Pennsylvania Historical Society’s

Library, as I am informed by Mr. F. D. Stone, the librarian.

_An Abstract or Abbreviation of some few of the many (Later and Former)

Testimony from the inhabitants of New Jersey and other eminent persons

who have wrote particularly Concerning that Place._ London, 1681. 4º.

32 pp. Several of these letters, between 1677 and 1680, are printed in

Smith’s _History_. The preface and whole tenor of the publication shows

that rumors published in London were having a detrimental effect. There

is a copy in the Carter-Brown Library.

_Proposals by the Proprietors of East New Jersey in America for the

building of a town on Amboy Point, and for the disposition of Lands in

that Province._ London, 1682, 4º. 6 pp.

[731] _The History of the Colony of Nova-Cæsaria, or New Jersey:

containing an account of its First Settlement, progressive

improvements, the original and present Constitution, and other events,

to the year 1721, with some particulars since; and a short view of its

present state. By_ SAMUEL SMITH, _Burlington, in New Jersey. Printed

and sold by James Parker. Sold also by David Hall, in Philadelphia,

MDCCLXV. 8º_. [Smith was born in 1720, and died in 1776. This edition

is a rare book, and may be worth $25.00. Copies have brought much

higher sums.—ED.]

[732] As late as 1877, a second edition was published without any

alteration,—a questionable proceeding, but evincing the estimation in

which the work is held at the present day. [It was issued by William

S. Sharp at Trenton, and contains a brief memoir of the author by his

nephew, the late John Jay Smith, of Germantown, Pennsylvania.—ED.]

[733] It is entitled _The Grants, Concessions, and Original

Constitutions of the Province of New Jersey: The Acts Passed during the

Proprietary Governments, and other material Transactions before the

Surrender thereof to Queen Anne; The Instrument of Surrender, and Her

formal acceptance thereof; Lord Cornbury’s Commission and Instructions

consequent thereon. Collected by some Gentlemen employed by the

General Assembly, And afterwards Published by Vertue of an Act of the

Legislature of the said Province. With proper Tables, alphabetically

digested, containing the principal Matters in the Book. By_ AARON

LEAMING _and_ JACOB SPICER. _Philadelphia: Printed by W Bradford,

Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty for the Province of New

Jersey._ Small folio, pp. 763. The date of printing does not appear

upon the titlepage; but it is presumed to have been in 1758.

[734] Since this notice of the book was written a new edition of it

has unexpectedly appeared, printed by Honeyman & Co., Somerville, New

Jersey.

[735] _Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New

Jersey. [First Series.] Edited by_ WILLIAM A. WHITEHEAD. _Vol. I.

1631-1687. Newark: Daily Journal Establishment. 1880. 8º._ Succeeding

volumes cover a period later than that which now occupies us.

[736] Its full title was _East Jersey under the Proprietary

Governments; a Narrative of Events connected with the settlement and

progress of the Province, until the Surrender of the Government to the

Crown in 1702. Drawn principally from original sources. By_ WILLIAM A.

WHITEHEAD. _With an appendix containing The Model of the Government of

East New Jersey in America. By_ GEORGE SCOT, _of Pitlochie. Now first

reprinted from the original edition of 1685. 8º_. pp. 341. A second

edition, revised and enlarged, making a volume of 486 pages, with a

large number of fac-simile autographs, was published in 1875. [It was

also published separate from the _Collections_. It contained a map of

New Jersey, 1656, following Vanderdonck’s, and another of East Jersey,

with the settlements of about 1682, marked by Mr. Whitehead.—ED.]

[737] On the family of Sir Edmund Plowden, see Burke’s _Commoners_ and

_Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland_, under “Plowden;” Baker’s

_Northamptonshire_, under “Fermor;” the _Visitation of Oxfordshire_,

published by the Harleian Society, and other works cited below,

particularly _Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus_,

by Henry Foley, S. J. (London, 1875-1882), especially vol. iv. pp. 537

_et seq._

[738] On this point, see Father Foley’s _Records_, just mentioned, and

“A Missing Page of Catholic American History,—New Jersey colonized by

Catholics,” by the Rev. R. L. Burtsell, D.D., in the _Catholic World_

for November, 1880 (xxxii. 204 _et seq._, New York, 1881). Sir Edmund

Plowden was not so stanch in his adherence to his faith as was his

illustrious grandfather, for in 1635 he is said (temporarily, at least)

to have counterfeited conformity in religion. See “Sir Edmund Plowden

in the Fleet,” by the Rev. Edward D. Neill, in the _Pennsylvania

Magazine_, v. 424 _et seq._, an article which “furnishes some facts

relative to the career of Sir Edmund Plowden just before he left

England for Virginia,” from “the calendars of British State papers

during the reign of Charles the First.”

[739] See “Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden,” by “Albion,” in _Notes

and Queries_, iv. 319 _et seq._ (London, 1852), containing so many

statements not elsewhere met with as to have provoked a series of

pertinent queries from the late Sebastian F. Streeter, Secretary of the

Maryland Historical Society, Ibid., ix. 301-2 (London, 1854), several

of which, unfortunately, are still unanswered.

[740] The petitions and warrant mentioned, with a paper entitled

“The Commodities of the Island called Manati ore Long Isle within

the Continent of Virginia,” extracted from Strafford’s _Letters and

Despatches_ (i. 72) and _Colonial Papers_ (vol. vi. nos. 60, 61), in

the Public Record Office at London, are given in the _N. Y. Hist. Soc.

Coll._, 1869, pp. 213 _et seq._ (New York, 1870). “Between this period

and 1634,” according to “Albion,” “Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling

the conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonization by

indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary’s,

in Maryland, in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Muskerry,

100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100

planters; Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety), 50; Captain Balls;

and amounting in all to 540 colonizers, beside others in Maryland,

Virginia, and New England.” The same persons, with “Lord Sherrard”

and “Mr. Heltonhead” and his brother, are named as lessees under the

charter of New Albion, in Varlo’s _Floating Ideas of Nature_, ii. 13,

hereafter spoken of.

[741] “Confirmed,” says “Albion,” “24th July, 1634.” The Latin original

of this charter may be seen in the _Pennsylvania Magazine_, vol. vii.

p. 50 _et seq._ (Philadelphia, 1883), with an Introductory Note by the

writer, embracing Printz’s account of Plowden, extracts from the wills

of Sir Edmund and Thomas Plowden, and a portion of Varlo’s pamphlet,

hereafter referred to.

[742] So “Albion.”

[743] Printed in Rymer’s _Fœdera_, xix. 472 _et seq._, A.D. 1633,

and reprinted in Ebenezer Hazard’s _Historical Collections_, i. 335

_et seq._, Philadelphia, 1792. For biographical accounts of Yong

and Evelin, see _Memoir and Letters of Captain W. Glanville Evelyn_

(Oxford, 1879), and _The Evelyns in America_ (Ibid., 1881), both edited

and annotated by G. D. Scull; cf. also “Robert Evelyn, Explorer of

the Delaware,” by the Rev. E. D. Neill, in the _Historical Magazine_,

second series, vol. iv. pp. 75, 76; and Neill’s _Founders of Maryland_,

p. 54, note.

[744] These facts are stated in letters from Yong to Sir Tobie

Matthew, referred to in the chapter on Maryland, which also contains a

fac-simile of the signature of Thomas Yong.

[745] _Direction for Adventurers, and true description of the

healthiest, pleasantest, and richest Plantation of New Albion, in North

Virginia, in a letter from Mayster Robert Eveline, that lived there

many years._ Small 4º. (“Liber rarissimus,” Allibone.) It was reprinted

in chapter iii. of Plantagenet’s _Description of New Albion_, hereafter

mentioned.

[746] So Beauchamp Plantagenet.

[747] Before the Committee of Trade. See Samuel Hazard’s _Annals of

Pennsylvania_, p. 109.

[748] With regard to whom see Vol. IV., chapter on “New Sweden.”

[749] Hazard’s _Annals_, pp. 109, 110, citing “Albany Records,” iii.

224.

[750] “Sir Edmund Plowden,” by the Rev. Edward D. Neill, _Pennsylvania

Magazine of History_, v. 206 _et seq._, citing “Manuscript records of

Maryland, at Annapolis.”

[751] Printed at the end of _Kolonien Nya Sveriges Grundläggning_,

1637-1642, af C. T. Odhner (Stockholm, 1876), referred to in Vol. IV.,

chapter on “New Sweden.” The “former communications” spoken of in it

cannot be found, although they have been diligently sought for, on

behalf of the writer, in Sweden.

[752] Accomack and Kecoughtan (as it is usually spelled by English

writers), the present Hampton. The diverse orthography of the text

conforms to the original. The places are noted on contemporary maps.

[753] Cited in Vol. IV., chapter on “New Sweden.” John Romeyn Brodhead,

in his _History of the State of New York_, i. 381, 484, mentions

Plowden’s visits to Manhattan as occurring in 1643 and 1648.

[754] Scull’s _Evelyns in America_, p. 361 _et seq._ The lawyers

referred to were Henry Clerk and Arthur Turner, serjeants-at-law, and

Arthur Ducke, Thomas Ryves, Robert Mason, William Merricke, Giles

Sweit, Robert King, and William Turner, doctors of laws; of whom, says

the editor, two at least, Ducke and Ryves, are “recognized as very

able and learned lawyers in their day.” The rest, as well as Bysshe,

speak of the letters patent as “under the Great Seal of Ireland.” I

am informed by Mr. Scull that the documents mentioned constitute a

manuscript folio volume now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

[755] _A Description of the Province of New Albion. And a Direction

for Adventurers with small stock to get two for one, and good land

freely: And for Gentlemen, and all Servants, Labourers, and Artificers

to live plentifully. And a former Description reprinted of the

healthiest, pleasantest, and richest Plantation of New Albion in

North Virginia, proved by thirteen witnesses. Together with a Letter

from Master Robert Evelin, that lived there many years, shewing the

particularities, and excellency thereof. With a briefe of the charge

of victuall, and necessaries, to transport and buy stock for each

Planter, or Labourer, there to get his Master £50 per Annum, or more

in twelve trades, at £10 charges onely a man. Printed in the Year

1648._ Small 4º, 32 pp. (Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vol. v. no. 19,724.)

On the _verso_ of the titlepage (reproduced here from the copy of the

book in the Philadelphia Library) appear: “The Order, Medall, and

Riban of the Albion Knights, of the Conversion of 23 Kings, their

support;” the medal (given also in Mickle’s _Reminiscences of Old

Gloucester_) bearing on its face a coroneted effigy of Sir Edmund

Plowden, surrounded by the legend, ‘EDMUNDUS. COMES. PALATINUS. ET.

GUBER. N. ALBION,’ and on the reverse two coats of arms impaled; the

dexter, those of the Province of New Albion, namely, the open Gospel,

surmounted by a hand dexter issuing from the partiline grasping a

sword erect, surmounted by a crown; the sinister, those of Plowden

himself, a _fesse dancettée_ with two _fleurs-de-lis_ on the upper

points; supporters, two bucks rampant gorged with crowns,—the whole

surmounted by the coronet of an Earl Palatine, and encircled with

the motto, ‘SIC SUOS VIRTUS BEAT;’ and the order consisting of this

achievement encircled by twenty-two heads couped and crowned, held up

by a crowned savage kneeling,—the whole surrounded with the legend,

‘DOCEBO INIQUOS VIAS TUAS, ET IMPII AD TE CONVERTENTUR.’ These

engravings are accompanied by Latin mottoes and English verses on

“Ployden” and “Albion’s Arms.” The work is the subject of an essay

entitled “An Examination of Beauchamp Plantagenet’s Description of the

Province of New Albion,” by John Penington, in the _Memoirs of the

Historical Society of Pennsylvania_, vol. iv. pt. i. pp. 133 _et seq._

(Philadelphia, 1840), for which the writer is very justly censured

by a reviewer in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_ for August, 1840, in

these terms: “He has shown himself not unskilful in throwing ridicule

upon the exaggerations and falsifications with which (as unhappily

has been generally the case with such compositions in all ages) the

prospectus of Ployden, or Plowden, abounds; but he has failed in the

more difficult task of separating truth from falsehood.” The same

critic says: “It is clear to us that the pamphlet was issued with the

consent, and probably at the procuration and charges, of Sir Edmund

Ployden;” and he attempts to throw some light upon the personality of

the author, whose name of “Plantagenet,” undoubtedly, is fictitious.

Besides the copy of the _Description of New Albion_ in the Philadelphia

Library, there is another in the Carter-Brown Library (_Catalogue_,

vol. ii. no. 649), at Providence; three are mentioned by Mr. Penington

as included in private libraries; and two, says the writer in the

_Gentleman’s Magazine_, are preserved in the British Museum. The book

was reprinted from the Philadelphia copy in _Tracts and Other Papers_

collected by Peter Force, vol. ii. no. 7 (Washington, 1838), and again

reprinted from Force in Scull’s _Evelyns in America_, p. 67 _et seq._

The citations in the text are taken directly from the Philadelphia

and Carter-Brown copies, which will account for some variations from

these occasionally inaccurate reprints. A second edition of the

original is mentioned by Lowndes as published in 1650. See the _Huth

Catalogue_, which says: “The original edition was doubtless published

at Middleburgh in 1641 or 1642.”

[756] An intimacy which authorized Plantagenet to speak thus of the

Earl Palatine: “I found his conversation as sweet and winning, as grave

and sober, adorned with much Learning, enriched with sixe Languages,

most grounded and experienced in forain matters of State policy, and

government, trade, and sea voyages, by 4 years travell in Germany,

France, Italy, and Belgium, by 5 years living an Officer in Ireland,

and this last 7 years in America.” “Sir Edmund Plowden,” says “Albion,”

“was not inferior to any of his co-governors in ability, fortune,

position, or family.”

[757] Reproduced in Heylin’s _Cosmographie_, in Philips’s enlarged

edition of Speed’s _Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World_, in

Stith’s _History of Virginia_ (Williamsburg, 1747), and in the _Pocket

Commentary of the first Settling of New Jersey by the Europeans_ (New

York, 1759). Compare “Councells Opinions concerning Coll. Nicholls

pattent and Indian purchases,” in _Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y._, xiii. 486,

487 (Albany, 1881). On certain of these points, see “Expedition of

Captain Samuel Argall,” by George Folsom, in _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._,

second series, i. 333 _et seq._ (New York, 1841), and Brodhead’s

_History of the State of New York_, i. 54, 55, 140, and notes E and F.

[758] See _Sketches of the Primitive Settlements on the River

Delaware_, by James N. Barker (Philadelphia, 1827), Penington’s work

already cited, and “An Inquiry into the Location of Mount Ployden,

the Seat of the Raritan King,” by the Rev. George C. Schanck, in _New

Jersey Hist. Soc. Proc._, vi. 25 _et seq._ (Newark, N. J., 1853).

According to Plantagenet, “The bounds is a thousand miles compasse, of

this most temperate, rich Province, for our South bound is Maryland

North bounds, and beginneth at Aquats or the Southermost or first Cape

of Delaware Bay in thirty-eight and forty minutes, and so runneth

by, or through, or including Kent Isle, through Chisapeack Bay to

Pascatway, including the fals of Pawtomecke river to the head or

Northermost branch of that river, being three hundred miles due West;

and thence Northward to the head of Hudson’s river fifty leagues, and

so down Hudson’s river to the Ocean, sixty leagues; and thence by

the Ocean and Isles a crosse Delaware Bay to the South Cape, fifty

leagues; in all seven hundred and eighty miles. Then all Hudson’s

river, Isles, Long Isle, or Pamunke, and all Isles within ten leagues

of the said Province being; and note Long Isle alone is twenty broad,

and one hundred and eighty miles long, so that alone is four hundred

miles compasse.” These limits of New Albion, as given in Smith’s

_History of New Jersey_, are cited by the Rev. William Smith, D.D.,

in _An Examination of the Connecticut Claim to Lands in Pennsylvania_

(Philadelphia, 1774), with the remark, page 83: “This Grant, which was

intended to include all the Dutch Claims, was the Foundation of the

Duke of York’s Grant.”

[759] Domestic Interregnum, Entry Book, xcii. 108, 159, 441. Reprinted

in _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._ 1869, pp. 221-22.

[760] Reproduced herewith from a copy in the possession of John

Cadwalader, Esq., of Philadelphia. It will be seen that Mr. Penington

was correct in his account of this map, _op. cit._, notwithstanding the

criticisms of the reviewer of his work in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_,

which were based not on this, but on a similar map in _The Discovery of

New Britaine_ (London, 1651), in the British Museum, collated by “John

Farrer, Esq.” Cf. Editorial Note A, following chapter v.

[761] Neill’s _Sir Edmund Plowden_, before cited.

[762] The document is on file in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury,

London, and has two seals attached to it,—described by “Albion” as Sir

Edmund’s “private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl’s with supporters,

signed ‘Albion,’ the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet’s _New

Albion_.” The extracts in the text were copied from the original will

by a London correspondent of the writer.

[763] Extract courteously made from the original at Somerset House,

London, by the same correspondent. This gentleman assures me that,

notwithstanding the declaration of “Albion” to the contrary, the will

contains “no allusion whatever to the death of anybody at the hands of

American Indians.”

[764] In his manuscript Journal, preserved in Sweden.

[765] See _Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y._, ii. 82, 92.

[766] In these terms: “A Commission was granted to Sir Edmund

Ploydon for planting and possessing the more Northern parts [of New

Netherland], which lie towards New England, by the name of New Albion.”

Similarly (following Heylin) the _Pocket Commentary of the first

Settling of New Jersey_.

[767] Maps of “New England and New York” and “Virginia and Maryland,”

in this work, name the region on the west side of the Delaware south of

the Schuylkill “Aromaninck,” which was understood by Mr. Neill to be

the “Eriwomeck” of Yong and Evelin, placed, therefore, at that point

by him in articles in the _Historical Magazine_ and the _Pennsylvania

Magazine of History_, before referred to. “Aromanink” is given on

another map, one of Visscher’s (from which these in Speed’s work were

partly derived), agreeing with several of the period in assigning

“Ermomex” (quite as likely the true “Eriwomeck”) to the eastern side of

the Delaware. Modern historians of New Jersey, following a statement of

Evelin, place Yong’s Fort near Pensaukin Creek.

[768] For information with regard to this family, see Note B to

Mr. Henry C. Murphy’s translation of “The Representation of New

Netherland,” _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, second series, ii. 323 _et

seq._ (New York, 1849), and the Rev. Dr. Burtsell’s article, already

quoted. The latter lays particular stress upon the devout fidelity to

the Catholic Church of the kinsfolk of the Earl Palatine of New Albion,

whether in England or America, and intimates the Catholic character of

Sir Edmund Plowden’s projected colony.

[769] In 8º, 30 pp., with the following titlepage: _The Finest Part

of America. To be Sold, or Lett, From Eight Hundred to Four Thousand

Acres, in a Farm, All that Entire Estate, called Long Island, in New

Albion, Lying near New York: Belonging to the Earl Palatine of Albion,

Granted to His Predecessor, Earl Palatine of Albion, By King Charles

the First._ [asterism] _The Situation of Long Island is well known,

therefore needs no Description here. New Albion is a Part of the

Continent of Terra Firma, described in the Charter to begin at Cape

May; from thence Westward 120 Miles, running by the River Delaware,

closely following its Course by the North Latitude, to a certain

Rivulet there arising from a Spring of Lord Baltimore’s, in Maryland;

to the South from thence, taking its Course into a Square, bending to

the North by a Right Line 120 Miles; from thence also into a Square

inclining to the East in a right Line 120 Miles to the River and Port

of Reacher Cod, and descends to a Savannah or Meadow, turning and

including the Top of Sandy Hook; from thence along the Shore to Cape

May, where it began, forming a Square of 120 Miles of good Land. Long

Island is mostly improved and fit for a Course of Husbandry. N.B.—Great

Encouragement will be given to improving Tenants, by letting the Lands

very cheap, on Leases of Lives, renewable for ever_. _Letters (Post

paid) signed with real Names, directed for F. P., at Mr. Reynell’s

Printing-Office, No. 21, Piccadilly, near the Hay-Market, will be

answered, and the Writer directed where he may be treated with,

relative to the Conditions of Sale, Charter, Title Deeds, a Map, with

the Farms allotted thereon, etc., etc. Just Published, and may be had

as above (Price One Shilling), A True Copy of the Above Charter, With

the Conditions of Letting, or Selling the Land, and other Articles

relating thereto_. A copy of this rare tract (that collated by Sabin,

and consulted by the writer) is owned by Mr. Charles H. Kalbfleisch,

of New York; others are mentioned in Mr. Whitehead’s _East Jersey

under the Proprietors_ (2d ed.), p. 11, _note_, as belonging to the

late John Ruthurfurd, of Newark, N. J., and the late Henry C. Murphy,

of New York. The copy formerly pertaining to Varlo’s counsellor,

William Rawle, long since passed out of the possession of his family.

Of the contents of the book mentioned in the text, the translation

of the charter and the lease and release were reprinted in Hazard’s

_Historical Collections_, i. 160 _et seq._; the address is given (with

the error “Sir Edward” for “Sir Edmund Plowden”) in a “parergon” to

Penington’s essay; and the conditions for letting or selling land

appear in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vii. 54, as before

intimated.

[770] “The Proclamation,” says Mr. Murphy, “has not been republished.

The only copy which we know of is the one for the use of which we are

indebted to the kindness of the Hon. Peter Force, of Washington.”

[771] Notice was also given that “True copies in Latin and English of

the original charter registered in Dublin, authenticated under the hand

and seal of the Lord Mayor of Dublin, 1784, may be seen, by applying to

Captain Cope, at the State Arms Tavern, New York.”

[772] An account of Varlo’s “Tour through America” was given in his

_Nature Displayed_, p. 116 _et seq._ (London, 1794), and was reprinted

(with slight variations of phrase) in his _Floating Ideas of Nature_,

ii. 53 _et seq._, London, 1796. A copy of the former book is in the

Mercantile Library of Philadelphia, and one of the latter is in the

Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

[773] The letters appear in the _Floating Ideas of Nature_, ii. 9 _et

seq._

[774] The authorities cited in this paper contain, it is believed,

all the facts in print concerning New Albion, although the subject is

mentioned in all the general and in many of the local annals of New

Jersey, as well as in several histories of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and

New York.

[775] See chapter ix.

[776] As early as 1658 Josiah Coale and Thomas Thurston visited the

Susquehanna Indians. They were received with great kindness, and spent

some weeks with the red men, travelling over two hundred miles in their

company. Coale also visited the tribes of Martha’s Vineyard and others

of Massachusetts. He returned to them after being liberated from prison

at Sandwich, and was told by a chief: “The Englishmen do not love

Quakers, but the Quakers are honest men and do no harm; and this is no

Englishman’s sea or land, and the Quakers shall come here and welcome.”

Of this early teacher Penn wrote: “Therefore shall his memorial remain

as a sweet oyntment with the Righteous, and time shall never blot him

out of their remembrance.” Fox had several meetings with the Indians,

and at one he says, “They sat very grave and sober, and were all very

attentive, beyond many called Christians.” After Fox’s return to

England, his interest in the Indians continued, and in 1681 he wrote to

the Burlington Meeting to invite the Indians to worship with them. It

was thus that the way was prepared for the peaceful settlement of West

Jersey and Pennsylvania.

[777] [See Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume.—ED.]

[778] _An Abstract or Abbreviation of some Few of the Many (Latter and

Former) Testimonys from the Inhabitants of New Jersey_, etc. London,

1681.

[779] [The history of the Swedish period is told in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[780] _History of Chester County, Pa._, by Judge J. Smith Futhey and

Gilbert Cope, p. 18.

[781] The courts were of three different kinds: namely, the County

Courts, Orphans’ Courts, and Provincial Court. The County Courts sat

at irregular intervals during the year, and were composed of justices

of the peace, commissioned from time to time, the number of whom

varied with the locality, the press of business, or the caprice of

the government. They had jurisdiction to try criminal offences of

inferior grades, and all civil causes except where the title to land

was in controversy. In proper cases they exercised a distinct equity

jurisdiction, which seems, however, to have been excessively irritating

to the people. In many instances they were materially assisted in their

labors by boards of peacemakers, who were annually appointed to settle

controversies, and who performed pretty nearly the same functions as

modern arbitrators. The Justices of the County Courts sat also in the

Orphans’ Courts, which were established in every county to control and

distribute the estates of decedents. For some cause now imperfectly

understood, the conduct of the early Orphans’ Courts was exceedingly

unsatisfactory, and their practice so irregular that but little can be

gleaned respecting them.

The Provincial Court, which was established in 1684, was composed of

five, afterwards of three, judges, who were always among the most

considerable men in the province. They had jurisdiction in cases of

heinous or enormous crimes, and also in all cases where the title to

land was in controversy. An appeal also lay to this court from the

County and Orphans’ Courts, in all cases where it was thought that

injustice had been done.

[782] In 1700 the admiralty jurisdiction was done away with by the

establishment of a regular vice-admiralty court in the province.

[783] Manuscript note furnished by Lawrence Lewis, Jr., Esq.

[784] [See the Maryland view of this controversy in chap. xiii.—ED.]

[785] This must not be confused with the present Cape Henlopen, which

was in 1760 called Cape Cornelius. The line was eventually run from

a point known as “The False Cape,” about twenty-three or twenty-four

miles south of the present Cape Henlopen.

[786] While in America, Penn made other purchases from the Indians. One

purchase from the Five Nations for land on the Susquehanna was delayed

until after the limits between Pennsylvania and Maryland were settled,

when it was consummated in 1696, through the agency of Governor Dongan

of New York, and confirmed by the Indians in 1701.

[787] Manuscript note furnished by Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esq.

[788] [There is a contemporary map showing the laying out of

Philadelphia by Holme (concerning which much will be found in John

Reed’s _Explanation of the Map of Philadelphia_, 1774), and also a part

of Harris’s map of Pennsylvania, which gives the location of Pennsbury

Manor, Penn’s country house, in Bucks County, four miles above Bristol,

on the Delaware, which was built during Penn’s first visit, on land

purchased by Markham of the Indians. See the view in Gay’s _Popular

History of the United States_, iii. 174.—ED.]

[789] Their frames were logs; they were thirty feet long and eighteen

wide, with a partition in the middle forming two rooms, one of which

could be again divided. They were covered with clapboards, which were

“rived feather-edged.” They were lined and filled in. The floor of the

lower rooms was the ground; that of the upper was of clapboards. These

houses, he said, would last ten years; but some persons, even in the

villages, had built much better. The house built for James Claypoole

was about such as we have described. It had, however, a good cellar,

but no chimney. He said it looked like a barn.

[790] _Some Account of the Province of Pennsilvania in America, Lately

Granted under the Great Seal of England To William Penn, etc., Together

with Priviledges and Powers necessary to the well-governing thereof.

Made public for the Information of such as are or may be disposed to

Transport Themselves or Servants into those Parts._ London: Printed and

Sold by Benjamin Clark, etc., 1681.

See _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,225; _Rice Catalogue_,

no. 1,753. There is a copy in Harvard College Library, from which the

accompanying fac-simile of title is taken. The chief portion of it

is reprinted in Hazard’s _Annals of Pennsylvania_, p. 505; Hazard’s

_Register of Pennsylvania_, i. 305.

In this pamphlet we have the origin of the quit-rents, which gave

considerable uneasiness in the province. It gives also a picture of the

social condition of England.

[791] _Een Kort Bericht van de Provintie ofte Landschap Pennsylvania

genaemt; leggende in America; Nu onlangs onder het groote Zegel

van Engeland gegeven aan William Penn, etc._ Rotterdam: Pieter van

Wynbrugge, 1681, 4º, 24 pp. See _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no.

1,227; Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 381.

A copy of this was sold at the Stevens sale (no. 619) in 1881 for £10

5_s._

[792] _Eine nachricht wegen der Landschaft Pennsylvania in America:

welche jungstens unter dem Grossen Siegel in Engelland an William Penn,

etc._ Amsterdam: Christoff Cunraden, 4º, 31 pp. _See Carter-Brown

Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,226. A copy is in the Philadelphia Library.

(Loganian, no. Q, 1,262.) [Harrassowitz of Leipzig, in recently

advertising a copy (28 marks) with the imprint, Frankfort, 1683, says

that it originally formed a part of the _Diarium Europæum_, and was

never published separately.—ED.]

[793] _Recit de l’Estat Present des Celebres Colonies de la Virgine, de

Marie-Land, de la Caroline, du nouveau Duché d’York, de Pennsylvania,

et de la Nouvelle Angleterre, situées dans l’Amerique septentrionale,

etc._ Rotterdam: Reinier Leers, 4º, 43 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_,

vol. ii. no. 1,230; Leclerc’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 1,324.

[794] _A Brief Account of the Province of Pennsylvania, lately granted

by the King, under the Great Seal of England, to William Penn and his

Heirs and Assigns._ London: Printed by Benjamin Clark, in George-Yard

in Lombard Street, 4º; also abridged and issued in folio, without place

or date.

There is a copy in Harvard College Library. Cf. Smith’s _Catalogue

of Friends’ Books_, and _Rëcuel de Diverses pieces concernant la

Pensylvanie_. See _infra_, p. 31.

[795] _Plantation Work the Work of this Generation. Written in

True-Love To all such as are weightily inclined to Transplant

themselves and Families to any of the English Plantations in America.

The Most material Doubts and Objections against it being removed, they

may more cheerfully proceed to the Glory and Renown of the God of the

whole Earth, who in all undertakings is to be looked unto, Praised,

and Feared for Ever. Aspice venturo lætetur ut India Sêclo._ London:

Printed for Benjamin Clark, in George-Yard in Lombard Street, 1682, 4º,

18 pp. and title.

Copies of the tract are in the Carter-Brown Library, vol. ii. 1,252,

Friends’ Library, Philadelphia, and in that of the Historical Society

of Pennsylvania.

[796] _The Frame of the Government of the Province of Pennsilvania

in America: Together with certain Laws agreed upon in England by the

Governour and divers Free Men of the aforesaid Province._ Folio, 11

pp., 1682.

Penn’s copy of the above, with his bookplate, is in the library of the

Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It was purchased at the Stevens

sale in 1881 for £10 5_s._ (Stevens’s _Historical Collection_, no. 623;

_Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,251.) There is another copy in

Harvard College Library, from which the annexed fac-simile of title is

taken. Later editions of the _Frame_, containing the alterations made

in 1683, are spoken of on a subsequent page.

[797] _Information and Direction To Such Persons as are inclined

to America, more Especially Those related to the Province of

Pennsylvania._ Folio, 4 pp.

The title of this tract is given in Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’

Books_, under date of 1681. It is reprinted, with a fac-simile of the

half-title, in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 329, from a

copy in possession of Mr. Henry C. Murphy. An edition was published at

Amsterdam in 1686, which is given on a following page.

[798] There is a copy of the original tract in Harvard College Library.

Its title is as follows,—

_The Articles, Settlement, and Offices of the Free Society of Traders

in Pennsilvania: Agreed upon by divers Merchants and others for the

better Improvement and Government of Trade in that Province._ London:

Printed for Benjamin Clark, folio, 14 pp., 1682.

[799] Copies of it are in the British Museum and in the Friends’

Library, London. It is reprinted in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of

History_, vi. 176, from a transcript obtained from the British Museum.

[800] _A Letter from William Penn, Proprietary and Governour of

Pennsylvania in America, to the Committee of the Free Society of

Traders of that Province, residing in London. To which is added An

Account of the City of Philadelphia, etc._ Printed and Sold by Andrew

Sowle, at the Crooked-Billet in Holloway Lane in Shoreditch, and at

several Stationers’ in London, folio, 10 pp., 1683.

A copy of the edition, with list of property holders, is in the Library

of the New York Historical Society. It has been lately reprinted by

Coleman, of London. Copies of the edition, which does not contain

the list of purchasers, are in the Philadelphia Library and in the

Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is reprinted in Proud’s _History

of Pennsylvania_, i. 246; Hazard’s _Register of Pennsylvania_, i. 432;

Janney’s _Life of Penn_, p. 238; and in the various editions of Penn’s

collected _Works_. Menzies’ copy sold for $65. Harvard College Library

has a copy without the list; another is in the Carter-Brown Library.

Cf. Rich’s _Catalogue_ of 1832, no. 403.

[801] _Missive van William Penn, Eygenaar en Gouverneur van

Pennsylvania, in America. Geschreven aan de Commissarissen van de

Vrye Societeyt der Handelaars, op de selve Provintie, binnen London

resideerende. Waar by noch gevoeght is een Beschrijving van de

Hooft-Stadt Philadelphia, etc._ Amsterdam: Gedrukt voor Jacob Claus,

1684, 4º, 23 pp.

A copy is in the Carter-Brown Library, _Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,293,

and in the _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, no. 1,816 ($20). The one in the

Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania lacks the map. It

contains, in addition to what is in the London edition, a letter from

Thomas Paschall, dated from Philadelphia, Feb. 10, 1683 (N. S.), the

first, we believe, dated from that locality. This letter will be found

translated in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 322.

[802] _Beschreibung der in America new-erfunden Provinz Pensylvanien.

Derer Inwohner Gesetz Arth Sitten und Gebrauch: auch samlicher reviren

des Landes sonderlich der haupt-stadt Philadelphia._ (Hamburg.) Henrich

Heuss, 1684, 4º, 32 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,295.

[803] _Recüeil de Diverses pieces concernant la Pensylvanie._ A La

Haye: Chez Abraham Troyel, 1684, 18º, 118 pp.

Of the copy in the Carter-Brown Library, Mr. J. R. Bartlett, its

curator, writes that it is the same with the German. _Carter-Brown

Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,295. Another copy is in the possession

of a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; cf. Stevens,

_Historical Collection_, no. 1,539.

[804] _Twee Missiven geschreven uyt Pensilvania, d’ Eene door een

Hollander, woonachtig in Philadelfia, d’ Ander door een Switser,

woonachtig in German Town, Dat is Hoogduytse Stadt. Van den 16 en 26

Maert, 1684, Nieuwe Stijl._ Tot Rotterdam, by Pieter van Alphen, anno

1684, 2 leaves, small 4º.

[805] See Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume, and Proud’s

_History of Pennsylvania_, i. 226.

[806] We are unable to give any information additional to that

furnished by Mr. Whitehead, except that a copy of this tract sold

for $160 at the Brinley sale, and that the original edition can be

found in the Carter-Brown, Lenox, Historical Society of Pennsylvania,

and Friends’ (of Philadelphia) libraries; cf. _Historical Magazine_,

vi. 265, 304. A biographical sketch of Budd will be found in Mr.

Armstrong’s introduction to the work as published in Gowan’s

_Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 4.

[807] _Missive van Cornelis Bom Geschreven uit de Stadt Philadelphia

in de Provintie van Pennsylvania Leggende op d’ vostzyde van de Zuyd

Revier van Nieuw Nederland Verhalende de groote Voortgank van deselve

Provintie Waerby komt de Getuygenis van Jacob Telner van Amsterdam._

Tot Rotterdam, gedrukt by Pieter van Wijnbrugge, in de Leeuwestraet,

1685.

The title we give is from a copy in the “Library of the Archives” of

the Moravians, Bethlehem, Pa.

[808] _A Further Account of the Province of Pennsylvania and its

Improvements. For the Satisfaction of those that are Adventurers and

enclined to be so._ No titlepage. Signed “William Penn, Worminghurst

Place, 12th of the 10 month, 1685.”

_Tweede Bericht ofte Relaas van William Penn, Eygenaar en Gouverneur

van de Provintie van Pennsylvania, in America, etc._ Amsterdam: By

Jacob Claus, 4º, 20 pp.

Copies of all three editions are in the Carter-Brown Collection.

(_Catalogue_, ii. 1, 320-22). The two English editions are in the

possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Extracts from

it are given in Blome’s _Present State of His Majesties Isles and

Territories in America_, London, 1687, pp. 122-134. We do not think

that the work has ever been reprinted. Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_,

no. 390, gives the Dutch edition.

[809] _Nader Informatie en Bericht voor die gene die genegen zijn,

om zich na America te begeeven, en in de Provincie van Pensylvania

Geinteresseerd zijn, of zich daar zocken neder te zetten. Mit

een Voorreden behelzende verscheydene aanmerkelzjke zaken vanden

tegenwoordige toestand, en Regeering dier Provincie; Novit voor

dezen in druk geweest: maar nu eerst uytgegeven door Robert Webb

t’ Amsterdam._ By Jacob Claus, 1686, 4º, i+11 pp. _Carter-Brown

Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,332.

[810] _A Letter from Doctor More, with Passages out of several Letters

from Persons of Good Credit, Relating to the State and Improvement of

the Province of Pennsilvania._ Published to prevent false Reports.

Printed in the Year 1687.

It is reprinted in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 445, from a

copy in the Carter-Brown Library, _Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,339.

[811] _Some Letters and an Abstract of Letters from Pennsylvania,

Containing the State and Improvement of that Province. Published to

prevent Mis-Reports._ Printed and Sold by Andrew Sowe, at the Crooked

Billott in Holloway Lane in Shoreditch, 1691, 4º, 12 pp.

Penn’s copy is in the Library of the Historical Society of

Pennsylvania; see _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,423. It is reprinted

in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 189.

[812] _A Short Description of Pennsilvania, or, A Relation What things

are known, enjoyed, and like to be discovered in the said Province._

[Imperfect.] By Richard Frame. Printed and sold by William Bradford in

Philadelphia, 1692, 4º, 8 pp.

But one copy is known to have survived, and it is preserved in the

Philadelphia Library. A small edition was printed in fac-simile, in

1867, on the Oakwood Press, a private press of “S. J. Hamilton” (the

late Dr. James Slack). Its introduction is in the form of a letter by

Horatio Gates Jones, Esq.

[813] _Copia Eines Send-Schriebens ausz der neuen Welt, betreffend

die Erzehlung einer gefäherlichen Schifffarth, und glücklichen

Anländung etlicher Christlichen Reisegefehrten, welche zu dem Ende

diese Wallfahrt angetratten, den Glauben an Jesum Christum allda

Ausz-zubreiten._ Gedruckt im Jahr 1695, 4º, 11 pp.

A copy was purchased by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania at the

Stevens sale in 1881 for £26. It has been translated by Professor

Oswald Seidensticker for publication in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of

History_. Professor Seidensticker inclines to the belief that it was

written by Daniel Falkner.

[814] There are two copies of the book in Harvard College Library;

from the map in one the annexed fac-simile is taken. Cf. Wharton’s

paper on provincial literature in _Hist. Soc. Mem._, i. 119; and the

_Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,550.

[815] _Umstandige Geographische Beschreibung Der zu

allerletzt-erfundenen Provintz Pensylvaniæ, In denen End Grantzen

Americæ In der West-Welt gelegen durch Franciscum Danielem Pastorium,

etc. Vattern Melchiorem Adamum Pastorium, und andere gute Freunde._

Franckfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, 1700, 16º, 140 pp.

The Harvard College copy is dated 1704; cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no.

3,077; and _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, no. 1,807, with a _Continuatio_ of

1702 ($43 00).

[816] _Curieuse Nachricht von Pensylvania in Norden-America welche auf

Begehren guter Freunde, etc._ Von Daniel Falknern, Professore, Burgern

und Pilgrim allda. Franckfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Andreas Otto,

Buchhandlern, 1702, 16º, 58 pp.

[817] It is worth while to make record of two tracts of this early

period whose titles might deceive the student with the belief that they

pertained to the subject, but they do not. The first is a burlesque

indorsement of the Protestant Reconciler, entitled _Three Letters of

Thanks to the Protestant Reconciler_: _1. From the Anabaptists at

Munster; 2. From the Congregations in New England; 3. From the Quakers

in Pennsylvania._ London: Benjamin Took, 1683, 4º, 26 pp.

The other is a Letter to _William Penn, with His Answer_, London,

1688, 4º, 10 pp; again the same year in 20 pp.; and in Dutch, 16 pp.,

Amsterdam, 1689.

This letter, by Sir William Popple, is addressed “To the Honourable

William Penn, Esq., Proprietor and Governor of Pennsylvania.” It is a

friendly criticism on his conduct while living in England, after his

return from America. It has nothing to do with his province but is of

a biographical nature. Proud prints the correspondence in his _History

of Pennsylvania_ (i. 314). It has been catalogued as connected with the

history of the province. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii., nos.

1,363 and 1,390. Both of the London editions are in the possession of

the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

The student may also need to be warned against a forged letter of

Cotton Mather, about a plot to capture Penn. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._,

1870, p. 329.

[818] _A Journal or Historical Account of his Life, Travels,

Sufferings, etc._ London, 1694, folio. Again, London, 1709; 1765; 7th

ed., 1852, with notes by Wilson Armistead. Allibone’s _Dictionary_, i.

625; Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vi. 25, 352.

[819] London, 1713; Dublin, 1715; London, 1715, 1777; Dublin, 1820; and

in two different Friends’ libraries, 1833 and 1838. Sabin, vi. 21,873.

[820] _Apology for the Church and People of God called in derision

Quakers; Wherein they are vindicated from those that accuse them of

Disorder and Confusion on the one hand, and from such as calumniate

them with Tyranny and Imposition on the other; shewing that as

the true and pure Principles of the Gospel are restored by their

Testimony, so is also the ancient apostolick order of the Church of

Christ re-established among them, and settled upon its Right Basis and

Foundation._ By Robert Barclay, London, 1676, 1 vol., 4º.

There have been various later editions in English and German. Masson

calls this book by far the best-reasoned exposition of the sect’s early

principles.

[821] _A Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers, for

the testimony of a good Conscience._ London, 1753, 2 vols., folio.

[822] _The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the

Christian People called Quakers, intermixed with several remarkable

occurrences. Written originally in Low Dutch by W. S., and by himself

translated into English._ London, 1722, folio, 752 pp. There are later

editions,—London, 1725; Philadelphia, 1725; Burlington, N. J., 1775;

again, 1795, 1799-1800; Philadelphia, 1811; again, 1833, in Friends’

Library; New York, 1844, etc. The Philadelphia edition of 1725 bears

the imprint of Samuel Keimer. It was this book which Franklin, in his

_Autobiography_, tells us he and Meredith worked upon just after they

had established themselves in business. Forty sheets, he says, were

from their press.

[823] [This was published at Amsterdam in 1696, and was translated into

English, with a letter by George Keith, vindicating himself, the same

year; and also into German. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, v. 17,584. The next

year (1797) Francis Bugg’s _Picture of Quakerism_ was printed as “A

modest Corrective of Gerrard Croese” (Sabin, iii. 9,072); Bugg having,

since about 1684, joined their opponents. _Brinley Catalogue_, no.

3,503.—ED.]

[824] _Portraiture of Quakerism_, 3 vols., London, 1806; New York, same

date.

[825] Four vols., Philadelphia, 1860-67.

[826] London, 1876.

[827] _An Examen of Parts relating to the Society of Friends in a

recent work by Robert Barclay, entitled, etc._ Philadelphia, 1876.

[828] See also _Brinley Catalogue,_ no. 3,479, for a variety of titles;

and Bohn’s _Lowndes_, p. 2017.

[829] It may not, however, be out of place to mention here the chief

reasons on which the followers of Fox base their objections to the

manner in which it is customary to speak of the first Quakers who

visited New England. It is generally represented that it was the

behavior of these early ministers which caused their persecution; but

before a European Quaker had set foot on Massachusetts the court had

denounced them, and in October, 1656, a law was passed which spoke of

them as a “cursed sect of heretickes.” It is also customary to speak

of the executions of Quakers in Boston in connection with certain

acts of indecency committed by women who were either laboring under

mental aberrations or believed that they were fulfilling a divine

command, leaving on the mind of the reader the impression that the

capital law was called into existence to correct such abuses. No

such acts were committed until after the capital law had fallen into

disuse. Nor is it clear, from printed authorities, that the death

penalty was only inflicted after every possible means had been tried

by the Massachusetts authorities to rid themselves of their unwelcome

visitors. The language of the law of 1658, which declared that if a

banished Quaker returned he or she should suffer death, does not show

that it supplemented that of 1657, by which punishments increasing in

severity were visited on Quakers upon their first, second, and third

return. Neither will the practice under the law of 1658 justify this

interpretation. The penalties of the law of 1657 had not been exhausted

in the cases of Mary Dyer, William Robinson, Marmaduke Stevenson, and

William Ledera, when they were hanged.

[830] See _Memoirs of Long Island Historical Society_, vol. i.

[831] London, 1726, 2 vols., folio; London, 1771, 1 vol., royal folio;

London, 1782, 5 vols., 8º; London, 1825, 3 vols., 8º.

[832] A list of the most important of these, with references to where

they will be found, is printed in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_,

vi. 368.

[833] London, 1813, 2 vols.; Dover, N. H., 1820; new edition, with

preface by Forster, 1849. It is reviewed by Jeffrey in _Edinburgh

Review_, xxi. 444.

[834] Philadelphia, 1852; cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vol. ix. p. 221.

Mr. Janney was appointed Indian Agent by President Grant, 1869. He died

April 30, 1880.

[835] London, 1851; again, 1856. It is reviewed in the _Edinburgh

Review_, xciv. 229, and _Christian Observer_, li. 818.

[836] Two vols., 1791. It is of some interest to note another French

life by C. Vincent, Paris, 1877, and a Dutch life by H. van Lil,

Amsterdam, 1820-25, 2 vols.

[837] 1. ANSWERS TO MACAULAY.—_Defence of William Penn from Charges,

etc., of T. B. Macaulay_, by Henry Fairbairn. Philadelphia, 1849, 8º,

38 pp.

2. _William Penn and T. B. Macaulay_, by W. E. Forster. Revised for the

American edition by the author. Philadelphia, 1850, 8º, 48 pp. This

first appeared as an Introduction to an edition of Clarkson’s _Life of

W. Penn_, London, 1850.

3. _William Penn_, par L. Vullieum. Paris, 1855, 8º, 83 pp.

4. _Inquiry into the Evidence relating to the Charges brought by Lord

Macaulay against W. Penn_, by John Paget. Edinburgh, 1858, 12º, 138

pp. Cf. also _Westminster Review_, liv. 117; and _Eclectic Magazine_,

xxiii. 115; xxxix. 120. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, 49,743.

ADDITIONAL WORKS.—_Memorials of the Life and Times of_ [Admiral] _Sir

W. Penn_, by Granville Penn. London, 1833, 2 vols. 8º. Cf. also P. S.

P. Conner’s _Sir William Penn_, Philadelphia, 1876, and “The Father of

Penn not a Baptist,” in _Historical Magazine_, xvi. 228.

“The Private Life and Domestic Habits of W. Penn,” by Joshua F. Fisher,

in the _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_, vol. iii.

part ii. p. 65 (1836); published also separately.

“Memoir of Part of the Life of W. Penn,” by Mr. Lawton, a

contemporaneous writer, in Ibid., p. 213.

“Fragments of an Apology for Himself,” by W. Penn, in Ibid., p. 233.

“Penn and Logan Correspondence.” Edited by Edward Armstrong, in vols.

ix. and x. of _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_.

These volumes cover only the years between 1700 and 1711; they also

contain Mr. J. J. Smith’s Memoir of the Penn Family, reprinted in

_Lippincott’s Magazine_, v. 149. Cf. _Magazine of American History_,

ii. 437; also James Coleman’s _Pedigree and General Notes of the Penn

Family_, 1871.

“William Penn’s Travels in Holland and Germany,” by Oswald

Seidensticker. See _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, ii. 237. Penn’s

journal of these travels will be found in his collected works.

_The Penns and the Penningtons_, and _The Fells of Swarthmore Hall_,

by Maria Webb, are two interesting books throwing light on the Quaker

society in which Penn moved.

_Calvert and Penn; or, the Growth of Civil and Religious Liberty in

America_, by Brantz Mayer. Delivered before the Historical Society of

Pennsylvania, April 8, 1852. Baltimore, 1852, 8º, 49 pp.

John Stoughton’s _William Penn, the Founder of Pennsylvania_. London,

1882. This book, called out by the Bi-Centenary of Pennsylvania, is

founded on the standard Lives, but adds some new matter.

[838] Coleman, James, bookseller. _Catalogue of Original Deeds,

Charters, Copies of Royal Grants, petitions, Original Letters, etc.,

of William Penn and his Family._ July, 1870. Also Supplement. London,

1870, 8º, 32, 12 pp.

Also see _The Penn Papers_. _Description of a large Collection of

Original Letters, Manuscript Documents, Charters, Grants, Printed

Papers, rare Books and Pamphlets relating to the Celebrated William

Penn, to the early History of Pennsylvania, and incidentally to other

parts of America, dating from the latter part of the 17th to the end of

the 18th century, lately in the possession of a surviving descendant of

William Penn, now the property of Edward G. Allen._ London, 1870.

Also see _Original Deeds and Charters, State and Boundary Documents,

Letters, Maps, and Charts, also Books and Papers relating to America,

the Penn Family, and the Quakers, many of them from the Penn Library_.

July, 1876. London, 1876, 8º, 24 pp.

[839] The published address delivered upon their presentation to the

Historical Society is entitled _Proceedings of the Historical Society

of Pennsylvania on the Presentation of the Penn Papers, and Address

of Craig Biddle_, March 10, 1873, Philadelphia, 1873, 8º, 30 pp. Cf.

_Catalogue of Paintings, etc., belonging to the Pennsylvania Historical

Society_, no. 177.

[840] Mr. Whitehead informs me that the papers in the Library of the

New Jersey Historical Society consist of 17 parts (no. 10 missing), and

are called, “The History of the Colonies of New Jersey and Pennsylvania

in America. From the time of their first discovery to the year 1721.

Together with an Appendix containing several occurrences that have

happened since, down to the present time. Undertaken at the desire of

the Yearly Meeting of the people called Quakers, of the said Colonies,

and published by their order. By——. Psal. cv. 12. 13. 14, when they

were but a few, etc.” Several of the passages, marked “Transfer to

History of Friends,” correspond to the Philadelphia manuscript, which

is apparently the portion designated as the second part in the author’s

scheme, as thus detailed by himself in the New Jersey manuscript: “The

History of the Province of Pennsylvania in two parts. Part I. The time

and manner of the grants of territories, the arrival of settlers, a

general view of the original state of the country and of the public

proceedings in legislation, and other matters for the first forty years

after the settlement made under William Penn. Part II. The introduction

and some account of the religious progress of the people called Quakers

therein, including the like account respecting the same people in New

Jersey as constituting one Yearly Meeting.”

[841] _The History of Pennsylvania in North America, from ... 1681

till after the year 1742, with an Introduction respecting the Life of

W. Penn, ... the Religious Society of the People called Quakers, with

the First Rise ... of West New Jersey, and ... the Dutch and Swedes in

Delaware; to which is added a Brief Description of the said Province_,

1760-1770. Philadelphia, 1797-1798.

[842] A biographical notice of him by the Rev. Charles West Thomson

will be found in vol. i. of the _Memoirs of the Historical Society of

Pennsylvania_ (2d ed. p. 417), together with some verses which show

the sympathies of a Loyalist. He was born in 1728, and died in 1813. A

Portrait after a pencil sketch is noted in the _Catalogue of Paintings,

etc., belonging to the Pennsylvania Historical Society_, no. 86.

[843] Philadelphia, 1829.

[844] London, 1854; vol. i. appearing in 1850. The work was never

completed.

[845] Harrisburg, 1876; 2d ed., Philadelphia, 1880.

[846] London, 1757, 2 vols., 8º.

[847] London, 1770, 2 Vols., 8º.

[848] [This book has passed through several editions,—1830, with

lithographic illustrations; 1844, 1850, 1857, and 1868, with woodcuts.

A tribute to Mr. Watson (who was born June 13, 1779, and died Dec.

23, 1861), by Charles Deane, is in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, v.

207; and Benjamin Dorr published _A Memoir of John Fanning Watson_,

Philadelphia, 1861, with a portrait. Mr. Willis P. Hazard’s _Annals

of Philadelphia_, 1879, supplements Mr. Watson’s book. The local

antiquarian interest will be abundantly satisfied with Mr. Townsend

Ward’s papers on the old landmarks of the town, which have appeared

in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, though much in them

necessarily fails of association with the early years with which we

are dealing. This is likewise true of Thompson Westcott’s _Historic

Buildings of Philadelphia_, 1877; cf. the papers on old Philadelphia in

_Harper’s Monthly_, 1876; cf. _An Explanation of the Map of the City

and Liberties of Philadelphia_. By John Reed. Philadelphia, 1794 and

1846.—ED.]

[849] Philadelphia, 1867, 12º, 379 pp.

[850] Norristown, 1859.

[851] Philadelphia, 1862. See Memoir of Dr. Smith in _Pennsylvania Mag.

of Hist._, vi. 182.

[852] Philadelphia, 1877.

[853] Doylestown, Pa., 1876, 8º, 875 + 54 pp.

[854] It is unfortunate that a book of such merit should have been

given to the public in so objectionable a form. It is a 4º, 782 +

44 pages (Philadelphia, 1881), profusely illustrated with pictures

calculated to gratify the vanity of living persons and to mislead

students as to the value of the work.

[855] _Annals of Pennsylvania, from the Discovery of the Delaware_, by

Samuel Hazard, 1609-1682, Philadelphia, 1850, 8º, 664 pp. An excellent

compilation, containing nearly all the documentary information on the

subject, arranged in chronological order.

A catalogue of the papers relating to Pennsylvania and Delaware in

the State-Paper Office, London, was printed in the _Memoirs of the

Pennsylvania Historical Society_, vol. iv. part ii. p. 236.

[856] _Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the

Province of Pennsylvania. Beginning the Fourth Day of December, 1682._

Volume the First, in Two Parts. Philadelphia, 1752. This collection was

continued down to the Revolution. It is contained in six folio volumes.

The first three are from the press of Franklin and Hall. They are

always known as “Votes of the Assembly.”

[857] The first ten volumes of the series known as the _Colonial

Records_ bear the title of _Minutes of the Provincial Council of

Pennsylvania, from the Organization_ [1683] _to the Termination of

the Proprietary Government_; the last six: _Minutes of the Supreme

Executive Council of Pennsylvania from its Organization to the

Termination of the Revolution_. They contain, however, the Minutes

down to 1790. The publication of this series was begun by the State in

1837, the American Philosophical Society and the Historical Society of

Pennsylvania having petitioned the Legislature to adopt measures for

this end. After three volumes were issued (Harrisburg, 1838-1840) the

publication was suspended. In 1851, at the request of the Historical

Society, the matter was again brought before the Legislature by Edward

Armstrong, Esq., a member of the Society, then a delegate to the

Legislature. The sixteen volumes of the _Colonial Records_ and twelve

of the _Pennsylvania Archives_ were issued between the years 1852 and

1856. The volumes issued in 1838-1840 were reprinted in 1852, and an

index volume to both works in 1860. The latter does not apply to the

volume of the Records published in 1838-1840.

[858] _Pennsylvania Archives, selected and arranged from Original

Documents in the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth._

By Samuel Hazard, Commencing 1664. 12 vols., 8º. Harrisburg and

Philadelphia, 1852-1856. To Mr. Samuel Hazard, who was also the author

of the _Annals of Pennsylvania_ and publisher of _Hazard’s Register of

Pennsylvania_ (16 vols., 8º, Philadelphia, 1828-1835), the students of

history are greatly indebted for the preservation of some of the most

important documents relating to the history of the State.

[859] _Charter to William Penn and Laws of the Province of

Pennsylvania, 1682 and 1700; preceded by Duke of York’s Laws in Force

from the year 1676 to the year 1682. Published under the direction of

John Blair Linn, Sec. of Commonwealth, Compiled and edited by Staughton

George, Benjamin M. Nead, and Thomas McCamant._ Harrisburg, 1879, 8º,

614 pp.

Appendix A of this volume contains a compilation of the laws, etc.,

establishing the Courts of Judicature; it is by Staughton George.

Appendix B contains Historical Notes of the Early Government and

Legislative Councils and Assemblies of Pennsylvania; it is by Mr. Nead.

Both are valuable pieces of work; but we do not agree with Mr. Nead

that the laws printed and agreed upon in England, and the written ones

prepared by Penn and submitted to the Assembly that met at Upland,

December, 1682, were both passed. The passage in Penn’s letter of Dec.

16, 1682, which reads, “the laws were agreed upon more fully worded,”

indicates that the printed series was superseded by the written one.

[860] _Laws of Pennsylvania._ Philadelphia, 1810 (Beoren’s edition).

The second volume of this edition contains an elaborate “note” on

land-titles; it will be found on pp. 105-261. It was prepared by Judge

Charles Smith.

_View of the Land-Laws of Pennsylvania, with Notes of its Early History

and Legislation._ By Thomas Sargeant. Philadelphia, 1838, 8º, xiii +

203 pp.

_Address before the Law Academy._ By Peter McCall. Philadelphia, 1838.

A valuable historical essay.

_Essay on the History and Nature of Original Titles of Land in

Pennsylvania._ By Charles Huston. Philadelphia, 1849, 8º, xx + 484 pp.

_Syllabus of Law of Land-Office Titles in Pennsylvania._ By Joel Jones.

Philadelphia, 1850, 12º, xxiv + 264.

_The Common Law of Pennsylvania._ By George Sharswood. A lecture before

the Law Academy. Philadelphia, 1856.

_Equity in Pennsylvania._ A lecture before the Law Academy of

Philadelphia, Feb. 11, 1868. By William Henry Rawle. With an Appendix,

being the _Register Book of Governor Keith’s Court of Chancery_.

Philadelphia, 1868, 8º, 93 + 46 pp.

_A Practical Treatise on the Law of Ground-Rents in Pennsylvania._ By

Richard M. Cadwalader. Philadelphia, 1879, 8º, 356 pp.

_An Essay on Original Land-Titles in Philadelphia._ By Lawrence Lewis,

Jr. Philadelphia, 1880, 8º, 266 pp.

_The Courts of Pennsylvania in the Seventeenth Century._ Read before

the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, March 14, 1881. By Lawrence

Lewis, Jr. See _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, v. 141, also,

separately.

_Some Contrasts in the Growth of Pennsylvania and English Law._ A

Lecture before the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania,

Oct. 3, 1881. By William Henry Rawle. Philadelphia, 1881, 8º, 78 pp.,

2d ed., 32 pp., 1882.

[861] A number of addresses were delivered before this Society. That of

J. N. Barker, delivered in 1827, is the most valuable of the series,

and is entitled _Sketches of the Primitive Settlements of the River

Delaware_, Philadelphia, 1828.

[862] That no doubt should exist regarding the accuracy of these dates,

we have had Penn’s letter to the Lords of Plantation in the State-Paper

Office, London, examined, and in it the 24th is clearly written. This

is confirmed by the original draft of his letter to the Free Society of

Traders, in which the same date of arrival is given. The “New Castle

County old Records transcribed,” quoted by Hazard, give the 27th as

the time of his arrival before that town, and the 28th as the day on

which he took official possession. These statements are verified by the

Breviate of Penn vs. Lord Baltimore, in which the original Newcastle

Records appear to have been quoted, since the volumes and folios

referred to differ from those given by Hazard.

[863] This conclusion has been reached by examining the evidence we

have in strict chronological order. There is nothing to show that Penn

met the Indians in council until May, 1683. At this conference the

Indians either failed to understand him, or refused to sell him land.

His next meeting with them was on June 23, 1683. He then purchased land

from them, and the promises of friendship quoted on a former page were

exchanged. It is a significant fact that while there is scarcely any

allusion to the Indians in his letters prior to the meeting of June 23,

subsequent to that time they are full of descriptions of them, and of

accounts of his intercourse with them.

[864] [The elm-tree known as the Treaty-tree which was long venerated

as the one under which the interview was held, was blown down in 1810,

and a picture of it taken in 1809 is preserved in the Historical

Society. (Cf. _Catalogue of Paintings, etc., belonging to the

Historical Society_, no. 167. Cf. views in Gay’s _Popular History of

the United States_, ii. 493; Watson’s _Annals of Philadelphia_; one

of the latter part of the last century in _Pennsylvania Magazine of

History_, iv. 186.) For the monument on the spot, see Lossing’s _Field

Book of the Revolution_, ii. 254. It is well known that Benjamin

West made the scene of the treaty the subject of a large historical

painting. The original first deed given by the Indians to Markham is in

the possession of the Historical Society. Cf. _Catalogue of Paintings,

etc., belonging to the Historical Society_, no. 174.

William Rawle’s address before the Pennsylvania Historical Society in

1825 was upon Penn’s method of dealing with the Indians as compared

with the customs obtaining in the other colonies. (Cf. _Historical

Magazine_, vi. 64.) Fac-similes of the marks of many Indian chiefs,

as put to documents from 1682 to 1785, are given in _Pennsylvania

Archives_, vol. i.—ED.]

[865] [Cf. also _Pennsylvania Archives_, 2d series, vol. vii. There

is a map illustrating the boundary dispute in _Pennsylvania Archives_

(1739), i. 595; cf. Neill’s _Terra Maria_, chap. v., Hazard’s _Register

of Pennsylvania_, ii. 200, and Mr. Brantley’s chapter in the present

volume.—ED.]

[866] S. R. Gardiner’s _Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage_, i.

164.

[867] S. R. Gardiner’s _Personal Government of Charles I._, ii. 290.

[868] In the Maryland Historical Society are preserved the original

manuscript records of courts baron and leet held in St. Clement’s manor

at different times from 1659 to 1672.]

[869] _Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus._

London, 1878, iii. 362.

[870] [See _Memorial History of Boston_, i. p. 278.—ED.]

[871] At a session of the Assembly held in Januuary, 1648, an incident

occurred which annalists have generally deemed worthy of mention as the

first instance of a demand of political rights for women. Miss Margaret

Brent—who was the administratix of Governor Calvert, and as such held

to be the attorney, in fact, of Lord Baltimore—applied to the Assembly

to have a vote in the House for herself, and another as his lordship’s

attorney.

[Illustration]

Upon the refusal of her demand, the lady protested in form against all

the proceedings of the House. The Assembly afterwards defended her

from the censures passed by Lord Baltimore upon her management of his

affairs in the Province.

[872] [See Vol. IV.—ED.]

[873] See chapter x.—ED.

[874] See chapter xii.—ED.

[875] [It is reprinted in the _Magazine of American History_, i.

118.—ED.]

[876] A copy of the original, which is very rare, is in the British

Museum. It was reprinted by Munsell, of Albany, as No. 1 of Shea’s

_Early Southern Tracts_. [It is suggested in the preface of the

reprint, which was edited by Colonel Brantz Mayer, that it “was

perhaps prepared by Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, from the letters

of his brothers, Leonard and George Calvert, who went out with the

expedition.” It was also reprinted in the _Historical Magazine_,

October, 1865—ED.]

[877] This second tract was reprinted by Sabin, of New York, in 1865

[under the editing of Francis L. Hawks. A perfect copy should have a

map, engraved by T. Cecill, “Noua Terræ-Mariæ tabula.” It is often

wanting, as in the Harvard College copy; it is, however, in the

Library of Congress copy. Sabin reproduced it full size, and a reduced

fac-simile of it is given in Scharf’s _History of Maryland_, i. 259.

Another is given in the text. The _Chalmers Catalogue_ says that at the

time of the boundary disputes between Maryland and Pennsylvania the

only copy to be found was in the Sir Hans Sloane Collection. See the

_Sparks Catalogue_, and the _Huth Catalogue_, iii. 926.—ED.]

[878] [Dr. Dalrymple was born in Baltimore, in 1817, and was for

twenty-four years the Corresponding Secretary of the Maryland

Historical Society. He is said to have possessed the largest private

library (over 14,000 volumes) south of Pennsylvania. He died Oct. 30,

1881.—_Necrology_ (1881) _of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of

Philadelphia_.—ED.]

[879] [In 1844 Georgetown College presented to the Maryland Historical

Society a copy of McSherry’s transcript of the _Relatio Itineris_; and

in 1847 Dr. N. C. Brooks made a translation from this copy, which was

later printed in _Force’s Tracts_, iv. No. 12. The Latin text, with a

revision of Brooks’s version, was printed privately in the _Woodstock

Letters_, in 1872. Two years later (1874) the Maryland Historical

Society reprinted it as stated in the text, following, however, the

original McSherry transcript, which had been transferred to Loyola

College, Baltimore. This, however, then wanted the concluding pages,

but in 1875 the whole was found, which necessitated the printing of

a supplement to the _Fund Publication_ of the Society (No. 7) which

contained it. The later version of Converse is largely reprinted in

Scharf’s _Maryland_, i. 69, etc.

Various accounts of Father White have been printed: B. U. Campbell’s

in the _Metropolitan Catholic Almanac_, 1841, and in the _United

States Catholic Magazine_, vol. vii. Mr. Campbell also read before

the Historical Society a paper on _Early Missions in Maryland_, and

printed a chapter on the same subject in the _United States Catholic

Magazine_ in 1846. There is also an account of Father White, by Richard

H. Clarke, in the _Baltimore Metropolitan_, iv. (1856), and a sketch

in the _Woodstock Letters_. Upon all these is based the account in the

_Fund Publication_ already mentioned. Other accounts of the Maryland

missions may be found in Shea’s _Early Catholic Missions_; and in Henry

Foley’s _Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus_,

London, 1878, vol. iii. Mr. Neill has used this last in his tract,

_Light Thrown by the Jesuits upon Hitherto Obscure Points of Early

Maryland History_, Minneapolis. See also his _Eng. Col._, ch. xv.—ED.]

[880] Reprinted in Force’s _Historical Tracts_, vol. ii. There is a

copy of it in Harvard College Library.

[881] The documents transmitted by Bennett and Matthews to the

Protector, during their contest with Lord Baltimore in 1656, may be

found in Thurloe’s _State Papers_, v. 482-486. Copies of Strong’s and

Langford’s rare tracts are in the Boston Athenæum.

[882] Reprinted in Force’s _Historical Tracts_, vol. iii. There is a

copy of it in Harvard College Library. See Sabin, viii. 30276.

[883] Reprinted in Gowan’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, No. 5. New

York, 1869. [This edition has a map, with introduction and notes by

John Gilmary Shea. It has again been reissued as one of the _Fund

Publications_ of the Maryland Historical Society.—ED.]

[884] It is reprinted in Scharf’s _Maryland_, i. 174.

[885] [The early Quakers of Maryland have been the subject of two

publications of the Historical Society: one by J. Saurin Norris, issued

in 1862; and the other, Dr. Samuel A. Harrison’s _Wenlock Christison

and the early Friends in Talbot County_, 1878. See also Neill’s _Terra

Mariæ_, ch. iv. On Wenlock Christison see _Memorial History of Boston_,

i. 187.—ED.]

[886] This manuscript volume is in the possession of the Maryland

Historical Society. An Index to the Calendar was printed in 1861.

[887] In 1860 another valuable report to the governor on the condition

of the public records was made by the Rev. Ethan Allen, D. D.

[888] Cf. Preface to Alexander’s Calendar.

[889] Published in the Master of the Rolls series. [The Peabody Index

is described in Lewis Mayer’s account of the library, 1854.—ED.]

[890] The Maryland Historical Society has a manuscript copy of some of

the Sloane manuscripts in the British Museum, pertaining to the first

Lord Baltimore and Maryland. Mr. Alexander gave to the State Library at

Annapolis some of the manuscripts relating to Maryland in Sion College,

London. A number of the Maryland papers in the state-paper office have

been published in Scharf’s _History of Maryland_, and in the _Report

on the Virginia and Maryland Boundary Line, 1873_. The Journal of the

Dutch Embassy to Maryland in 1659, and some of the communications

between the Maryland Council and the Dutch at New Amstel have been

published in _Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State

of New York_, ii. 84 _et seq._ The _1880 Index_, p. 246, to accessions

of manuscripts in the British Museum shows various papers of Cecil

Calvert.

[891] A description of the occupations of the planters of Maryland,

and of the culture of tobacco by them in the year 1680, is contained

in the “Journal of a voyage to New York and a Tour in several of the

American colonies,” by Jaspar Dankers and Peter Sluyter, published in

the _Memoirs of the Long Island Historical Society_, vol. i. pp. 194,

214-216, 218-221.

[892] An article in _Lippincott’s Magazine_ for July, 1871, describes

the topography and the present condition of St. Mary’s.

[893] There is a fine portrait of the first Lord Baltimore in the

gallery of the Earl of Verulam at Glastonbury, England. It was painted

by Mytens, court painter to James I. An engraving from it is in the

possession of the Maryland Historical Society. In 1882 a copy of this

portrait was presented to the State of Maryland by John W. Garrett,

Esq. It is engraved in McSherry’s _Maryland_, p. 21, as from an

original in the great gallery of Sir Francis Bacon; and again in S.

H. Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, i. 485. An engraved

portrait of Cecilius, second Lord Baltimore, at the age of fifty-one,

made by Blotling, in 1657, is in the possession of the Maryland

Historical Society. Engravings of these portraits of the two lords are

given in the present chapter.

The Baltimore arms are those of Calverts, quartered with Crosslands.

The Calvert arms are barry of six, or and sable, over all a bend

counterchanged. Crosslands: quarterly, argent and gules, over all a

cross bottony counterchanged. Lord Baltimore used: quarterly, first and

fourth paly of six, or and sable, a bend counterchanged; second and

third, quarterly, argent and gules, a cross bottony counterchanged.

_Crest_: on a ducal coronet proper, two pennons, the dexter or, the

sinister sable; the staves, gules. _Supporters_: two leopards, guardant

coward, proper. _Motto: Fatti maschii, parole femine._

The first great seal of the Province was lost during Ingle’s Rebellion;

and in 1648 the Proprietary sent out another seal, slightly different.

This seal had engraven on one side the figure of the Proprietary in

armor on horseback, with drawn sword and a helmet with a great plume

of feathers, the trappings being adorned with the family arms. The

inscription round about this side was: _Cecilius absolutus dominus

Terra Mariæ et Avaloniæ Baro de Baltimore_. On the other side of the

seal was engraven a scutcheon with the family arms; namely, six pieces

impaled with a band dexter counterchanged, quartered with a cross

bottony, and counterchanged; the whole scutcheon being supported with

a fisherman on one side and a ploughman on the other (in the place of

the family leopards), standing upon a scroll, whereon the Baltimore

motto was inscribed; namely, _Fatti maschii, parole femine_. Above the

scutcheon was a count-palatine’s cap, and over that a helmet, with the

crest of the family arms; namely, a ducal crown with two half bannerets

set upright. Behind the scutcheon and supporters was engraven a large

ermine mantle, and the inscription about this side of the seal was,

_Scuto bonæ voluntatis tuæ coronasti nos_. In 1657 Lord Baltimore

sent out another seal, similar in design, which was used till 1705.

Subsequent changes were made in the seal and arms of the Province and

State, but in 1876 the last described side of the Great Seal sent out

in 1648 was adopted as the arms of Maryland. A full account of the

pedigree of the Calverts will be found in _An Appeal to the citizens of

Maryland, from the legitimate descendants of the Baltimore family_, by

Charles Browning, Baltimore, 1821. [Fuller’s _Worthies of England_ and

Anthony Wood’s _Athenæ Oxoniensis_ give us important facts regarding

the first Lord Baltimore. See John G. Morris’s _The Lords Baltimore,

1874_, No. 8 of the _Fund Publications_ of the Historical Society; and

Neill’s _English Colonization in North America_, ch. xi.—ED.]

[894] [He undertook it at the instance of Sir John Dalrymple. See his

chapters ix. and xv. See, also, his _Introduction to the History of the

Revolt of the American Colonies_. Chalmers had come to Maryland in 1763

to give legal assistance to an uncle in pursuing a land claim. Many of

his papers were bought at his sale by Sparks, and are now in Harvard

College Library.—ED.]

[895] [Compare George William Brown’s _Origin and Growth of Civil

Liberty in Maryland_, a discourse before the Historical Society in

1850. And Brantz Mayer’s _Calvert and Penn_,—a discourse before the

Pennsylvania Historical Society in 1852.—ED.]

[896] [Bozman was born in 1757 and died in 1823. He had published in

1811 a preliminary _Sketch of the History of Maryland during the three

first years after its Settlement_. Some of the old records, supposed to

have been lost since he used them, were found at Annapolis in 1875, and

serve to show the accuracy with which he copied them. Gay’s _Popular

History of the United States_, i. 515.—ED.]

[897] New Series, vol. ix.

[898] [Following Chalmers, it had been often stated that the Assembly

of 1649 was Catholic by majority; but four or five years before this

publication of Davis, Mr. Sebastian F. Streeter, in his _Maryland

Two Hundred Years Ago_, had claimed that the Assembly which passed

the Toleration Act was by majority Protestant, for which, so late as

January, 1869, he was taken to task in the _Southern Review_ by Richard

McSherry, M.D., who reprinted his paper in his _Essays and Lectures_.

The question of the relations of Protestant and Catholic to the spirit

of toleration is discussed by E. D. Neill, in his “Lord Baltimore and

Toleration in Maryland,” in the _Contemporary Review_, September, 1876;

by B. F. Brown, in his _Early Religious History of Maryland: Maryland

not a Roman Catholic Colony_, 1876; in “Early Catholic Legislation,

1634-49, on Religious Freedom,” in the _New Englander_, November, 1878.

The Rev. Ethan Allen, in his _Who were the Early Settlers of Maryland?_

published by the Historical Society in 1865, aimed to show that the

vast majority were Protestant. Kennedy also had asserted that the

Assembly of 1649 was Protestant.—ED.]

[899] [He says in his preface that he picked up his threads from the

printed sources in the Library of Congress while he was one of the

Secretaries of President Johnson.—ED.]

[900] [The principal of Mr. Neill’s other contributions are _The

Founders of Maryland as portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial Records,

and early Documents_, published by Munsell, of Albany, in 1876; and

_English Colonization of America_, chapters xi., xii., and xiii., where

he first printed Captain Henry Fleet’s Journal of 1631. Streeter, in

his Papers, etc., gives an account of Fleet.—Mr. Neill also printed

_Maryland not a Roman Catholic Colony_, Minneapolis, 1875.—ED.]

[901] A manuscript copy of this charter, both in Latin and English,

is in the Maryland Historical Society. Many writers, including the

Rev. E. D. Neill, so late as 1871, in his _English Colonization in

the Seventeenth Century_, have made the mistake of supposing that the

charter of Maryland was copied from the charter of Carolina, granted

in 1629 to Sir Robert Heath. The last two named charters were both

copied from the charter of Avalon, issued in 1623. [The Maryland

charter of June 20, 1632, is printed by Scharf, i. 53, following Thomas

Bacon’s translation, as given in his edition of the Laws, Annapolis,

1765; where is also the original Latin, which is likewise in Hazard’s

_Collection_, i. 327. Lord Baltimore had printed it in London, in 1723,

in a collection of the Acts, 1692-1715,—an edition which Bacon had

never found in the Province. See the _Brinley Catalogue_, No. 3657.

The Philadelphia Library has an edition printed in Philadelphia in

1718.—ED.]

[902] [The Rev. John G. Morris, D.D., began a Bibliography of Maryland

in the _Historical Magazine_ (April and May, 1870), but it was never

carried beyond “Baltimore.” If a topical index is furnished to

Sabin’s _Dictionary_, when completed, it may supply the deficiency;

but in the mean time the articles “Baltimore” and “Maryland” can be

consulted. Of the local works references may be made to a few: George

A. Hanson’s _Old Kent_, 1876, is largely genealogical, and not lucidly

arranged. T. W. Griffith published in 1821 his _Sketches of the Early

History of Maryland_, and in 1841 his _Annals of Baltimore_. J. T.

Scharf published his _Chronicles of Baltimore_ in 1874. David Ridgely

published in 1841 his _Annals of Annapolis_ (1649-1872). Rev. Ethan

Allen’s _Historical Notes of St. Ann’s Parish_ (1649-1857), appeared in

1857; and George Johnstone’s _History of Cecil County_ in 1881.—ED.]

[903] [Mr. Kennedy’s reply appeared in the _United States Catholic

Magazine_, and Mr. Michael Courtney Jenkins printed a rejoinder in the

same number.—ED.]

[904] [Mr. Gladstone was answered by Dr. Richard H. Clarke, in the

_Catholic World_, December, 1875, in a paper which was later issued as

a pamphlet, with the title, _Mr. Gladstone and Maryland Toleration_.

Mr. Gladstone had reissued his _Vaticanism_ essays with a preface,

styling the book, _Rome and the Newest Fashions in Religion_, in which

he reiterated his arguments.

It is perhaps largely owing to the deficiency of early personal

narratives bearing upon Maryland history and throwing light upon

character, that there is so much diversity of opinion regarding the

interpretation to be put on the charter as an instrument inculcating

toleration. The shades of dissent, too, are marked. Hildreth,

_History of the United States_, says, “There is not the least hint

of any toleration in religion not authorized by the law of England.”

Henry Cabot Lodge, _Short History of the English Colonies_, p. 96,

says, “There is no toleration about the Maryland charter.” Some

light regarding Calvert, on the side of doubt, may be gathered from

Gardiner’s _Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage_.

In Baltimore’s controversy with Clayborne, the side of the latter

has been espoused by Mr. Streeter in his _Life and Colonial Times of

William Claiborne_, which he has left in manuscript, and of which an

abstract of the part relating to Clayborne’s Rebellion is given by Mr.

S. M. Allen in the _New England Historical and Genealogical Register_,

April, 1873. Mr. Streeter was of New England origin, a graduate of

Harvard (1831), and had removed to Richmond in 1835, and to Baltimore

the following year, where he had been one of the founders, and was

long the Recording Secretary of the Maryland Historical Society. He

contributed also in 1868 to its _Fund Publication_ (No. 2), _The First

Commander of Kent Island_,—an account of George Evelin, under whose

administration the island passed into Calvert’s control. This tract has

been reprinted in G. D. Scull’s _Evelyns in America_, privately printed

at Oxford (England), 1881. Streeter’s “Fall of the Susquehannocks,” a

chapter of Maryland’s Indian history, 1675, appeared in the _Historical

Magazine_, March, 1857, being an extract only from a voluminous

manuscript work by him on the Susquehannocks.—ED.]

[905] [Lewis Mayer published an account of its library, cabinets, and

gallery in 1854; and No. 1 of its _Fund Publications_ is Brantz Mayer’s

_History, Possessions, and Prospects of the Society_, 1867.—ED.]

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

—Obvious errors were corrected.