including "Prophet" Vankenbsburg, surrender.
Feb. 6--Germans are repulsed at Kakamas, a Cape Colony village.
Feb. 13--Germans have won a success against the British on the Orange
River; German East Africa is reported now clear of the enemy; Germans
have invaded Uganda and British East Africa.
Feb. 16--Trial of General De Wet and other South African rebel leaders
is begun.
Feb. 21--German newspaper report charges that German missionaries are
tortured by pro-British Africans.
Feb. 26--Botha heads British troops that plan invasion of German
Southwest Africa.
TURKISH AND EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGN.
Feb. 1--Turks withdraw forces from Adrianople to defend Tchatalja;
Russian victories over Turks in the Caucasus and at Tabriz prove to be
of a sweeping character; Turks have been massacring Persians.
Feb. 2--American Consul, Gordon Paddock, prevented much destruction by
Turks at Tabriz.
Feb. 3--Turks, while trying to cross Suez Canal, are attacked by
British, many of them being drowned; Turks are driven back at Kurna by
British gunboats.
Feb. 4--Turks routed, with heavy loss, in two engagements on the Suez
Canal, New Zealand forces being engaged; Turks are near Armageddon.
Feb. 5--British take more Turkish prisoners.
Feb. 7--British expect Turks again to attack Suez Canal, and make plans
accordingly.
Feb. 8--Turks in Egypt are in full retreat; their losses in dead have
been heavy.
Feb. 13--British wipe out Turkish force at Tor.
Feb. 17--Work of Consul Paddock in saving British property at Tabriz is
praised in British House of Commons.
Feb. 22--Turks are massacring Armenians in Caucasus towns; Turks make
general retirement on Damascus.
Feb. 28--Turks have evacuated the Sinai Peninsula.
NAVAL RECORD--GENERAL.
Feb. 1--German submarine seen near Liverpool; there is a new theory that
infernal machines in coal caused blowing up of the Formidable and the
Bulwark.
Feb. 2--English shipping paper offers reward of $2,500 to first British
merchant vessel that sinks a German submarine; German submarine tries to
torpedo British hospital ship Asturias; men from a Swedish warship are
killed by a mine.
Feb. 3--German auxiliary is sunk by British cruiser Australia off
Patagonia; German destroyer reported sunk by Russians in the Baltic.
Feb. 4--British ships shell Germans at Westende.
Feb. 5--Germans deny that Russians sank a destroyer in the Baltic.
Feb. 7--Allied fleets menace the Dardanelles.
Feb. 9--Turkish cruiser bombards Yalta; Russians shell Trebizond.
Feb. 10--Germans are said to have sunk casks of petrol off the English
coast for use by their submarines; French Government, in report to
neutrals, denounces sinking of refugee ship Admiral Ganteaume.
Feb. 11--Cargo of American steamship Wilhelmina, bound for Hamburg, is
seized by British at Falmouth, and a prize court will pass upon question
whether food destined only for German civilians can go through in
neutral bottoms; it is generally understood that the Wilhelmina shipment
was made as a test case; German submarines, driven into Norwegian ports
by storm, are forced to put to sea again.
Feb. 13--Two British steamers long overdue are believed to have been
sunk by the Germans.
Feb. 14--Canada is guarding her ports more vigilantly; the Captain of
British steamer Laertes is decorated for saving his ship from a German
submarine by fast manoeuvring.
Feb. 15--British steamer Wavelet hits mine in English Channel and is
badly damaged; British submarines are in the Baltic; Austrian fleet
bombards Antivari.
Feb. 16--Captain of the German battle-cruiser Blücher dies from
pneumonia contracted when his ship went down in the North Sea fight;
British merchant collier Dulwich is torpedoed and sunk off French coast.
Feb. 17--French steamer Ville de Lille is sunk by German submarine.
Feb. 18--German auxiliary cruiser Kronprinz Wilhelm has sunk six British
ships off the coast of Brazil.
Feb. 20--Allied fleets are pounding the Dardanelles forts with great
effect; German steamer Holger interned at Buenos Aires.
Feb. 21--Berlin papers report that a British transport, loaded with
troops, has been sunk.
Feb. 22--Two German submarines are missing; Germans are building
submarines near Antwerp.
Feb. 23--Australian mail boat Maloja fired on by armed merchantman in
English Channel; operations at the Dardanelles interrupted by
unfavorable weather.
Feb. 24--British capture German steamer Gotha; British armed merchantman
Clan Macnaughton reported missing.
Feb. 25--The four principal forts at the entrance of the Dardanelles are
reduced by the allied British and French fleet; three German submarines
are sent to Austria for use in the Adriatic and Mediterranean.
Feb. 26--Inner forts of Dardanelles are being shelled; mine sweeping
begun; wreckage indicates disaster to German submarine U-9 off Norwegian
coast; French destroyer Dague hits Austrian mine off Antivari; Allies
blockade coast of German East Africa.
Feb. 27--Forty British and French warships penetrate the Dardanelles
for fourteen miles; French cruiser seizes, in the English Channel, the
American steamer Dacia, which was formerly under German registry and
belonged to the Hamburg-American Line, and takes her to Brest; a French
prize court will determine the validity of her transfer to American
registry; British skipper reports that the German converted cruiser
Prinz Eitel Friedrich sank a British ship and a French ship in December.
Feb. 28--Allied fleet prepares to engage the strongest and last of the
Dardanelles defenses; land attack in conjunction with the fleet is being
considered; English and French flags now fly over wrecked forts; London
welcomes seizure of Dacia by French.
NAVAL RECORD--WAR ZONE.
Feb. 4--Germany proclaims the waters around Great Britain and Ireland,
except a passage north of Scotland, a war zone from and after Feb. 18,
and states that neutral ships entering the zone will be in danger, in
consequence of the misuse of neutral flags said to have been ordered by
the British Government.
Feb. 6--Decree is discussed by President Wilson and the Cabinet; dangers
of complications for the United States are foreseen; indignation is
expressed in Italy, Holland, and Denmark; text of the decree is
submitted to the United States State Department by Ambassador Gerard.
Feb. 9--Some European neutrals intend to have the names of their ships
printed in huge letters on ships' sides and the national colors painted
on.
Feb. 11--The State Department makes public the text of the American
note, dated Feb. 10, sent to Ambassador Gerard for delivery to the
German Government; the note is firm but friendly, and tells Germany that
the United States will hold her "to a strict accountability" should
commanders of German vessels of war "destroy on the high seas an
American vessel or the lives of American citizens."
Feb. 12--Ambassador Gerard delivers the American note to the German
Foreign Secretary and has a long conference with him.
Feb. 13--The German Legation at The Hague warns neutral vessels against
entering the war zone; German Foreign Office comments on the friendly
tone of the American note; Germany has requested the United States to
advise ship owners to man vessels sailing to German ports with subjects
of neutral States.
Feb. 15--Germany communicates to the United States through Ambassador
von Bernstorff a preliminary answer to the American note; Germany would
be willing to recede from her decree if England would permit foodstuffs
to enter Germany for use by the civilian population; the preliminary
answer is cabled to Ambassador Page for presentation to the British
Foreign Office as a matter of information; Italy and Holland protest to
Germany against war zone decree; Winston Churchill, in Parliament, hints
at retaliation.
Feb. 18--Germany replies to American note; reply is friendly in tone,
but its substance causes concern in Washington; Germany still disclaims
responsibility for fate of neutral vessels in war zone; war zone decree
now in effect; ships are moving in and out of British ports as usual;
Norwegian steamer Nordcap is blown up by a mine.
Feb. 19--German submarines torpedo Norwegian tanker Belridge near
Folkestone and French steamer Denorah off Dieppe; British Government
suspends passenger travel between England and the Continent; Irish
Channel services are continued, and it is said that the ships may fly
the Irish flag.
Feb. 20--British steamer Cambank sunk by submarine in Irish Sea;
Norwegian steamer Bjarka sunk by mine off Denmark; it is reported that
hundreds of armed merchant ships are hunting for German submarines.
Feb. 21--American steamer Evelyn sunk by mine off coast of Holland,
eight men being lost; German submarine U-12 sinks British steamer
Downshire; Dutch vessels sail from Amsterdam painted with the national
colors; traffic between England and Sweden is suspended.
Feb. 22--The United States, through Ambassadors Page and Gerard,
presents notes to England and Germany proposing modifications of war
zone decree by Germany and an arrangement by which England would allow
food to enter Germany, for the use of civilians only; ships leave
Savannah with the American flag painted on their sides.
Feb. 23--American steamer Carib sunk by a mine off German coast, three
men being lost; Norwegian steamer Regin destroyed off Dover; British
collier Brankshome Chine attacked in English Channel; Swedish steamer
Specia sunk by mine in North Sea; British limit traffic in Irish
Channel; twelve ships, of which two were American, have been sunk or
damaged since the war zone decree went into effect; Germany includes
Orkney and Shetland Islands in war zone.
Feb. 24--Germany, replying to Italian protest, promises to respect
Italian flag; British steamer Harpalion torpedoed off Beachy Head;
Minister van Dyke reports that the Carib was sunk outside route
prescribed by the German instructions.
Feb. 25--British steamer Western Coast lost in English Channel; British
steamer Deptford hits a mine off Scarborough; Scandinavian conference
decides against convoying ships; sailings between Sweden and England
resumed.
Feb. 26--It is reported from London that the Allies favor reprisals
against Germany by which shipment of all commodities to and from Germany
will be stopped; formal announcement from Premier Asquith expected in a
few days; German submarines allow Dutch steamer to pass; Swedish
steamship Svarton hits mine; passenger service between England and
Flushing to be resumed.
NAVAL RECORD--NEUTRAL FLAGS
Feb. 6--Lusitania, warned of submarines, flies American flag in Irish
Sea on voyage to Liverpool.
Feb. 7--British Foreign Office issues statement upholding use of
American flag by Lusitania and declares that the practice of thus
protecting merchant ships is well established; passengers uphold Capt.
Dow's act.
Feb. 8--British Government says that Capt. Dow was not ordered by
Government officials to use neutral flag.
Feb. 11--The State Department makes public the text of the American
note, dated Feb. 10, sent to Ambassador Page for delivery to the British
Government; the note asks the British authorities to do all in their
power to prevent the deceptive use of the American flag by British ships
and suggests that responsibility might rest upon Great Britain in case
of destruction of American ships by Germans; according to passengers
arriving in New York, the Cunarder Orduna flew American flag as
precaution against submarine attack before Lusitania did.
Feb. 15--Holland sends protest to England against use by British ships
of neutral flags.
Feb. 19--England, replying to American note, says that the United States
and other neutrals should not grudge the use of their flags to avoid
danger, and that the use of neutral flags has hitherto been generally
permitted.
AERIAL RECORD.
Feb. 1--Germans drop bombs on Dunkirk; Russia threatens to treat air
raiders of unfortified towns as pirates.
Feb. 2--French airmen burn castle in Alsace where German staff officers
are housed.
Feb. 3--Swiss troops fire on German airmen; indications are that
England will not uphold Russia's threat to treat hostile aviators as
pirates.
Feb. 4--Body of German aviator engaged in Christmas Day raid found in
the Thames.
Feb. 5--Allies' airmen force German General to abandon Altkirch
headquarters; Germany protests against Russian threat against aviators.
Feb. 6--British aviator sinks German submarine.
Feb. 10--Allies' aviators damaged Düsseldorf arsenal in recent raid;
bombs dropped in Adrianople; French bring down aviator who had dropped
bombs on Paris.
Feb. 11--Bomb dropped by British airmen kills thirty-five Germans in
Antwerp fort; Dunkirk repulses raid by German aviator.
Feb. 12--Thirty-four British airships raid Belgian coast seaports;
Ostend station set on fire; Grahame-White narrowly escapes drowning;
attack intended as a check for German blockade plans; French aviators
raid German aerdome in Alsace.
Feb. 13--Germany states that the British raid of yesterday caused
"regrettable damage to the civilian population"; two British airmen
killed at Brussels.
Feb. 14--Excitement in Ottawa over report of German raid; French
aeroplanes rout Zeppelin near Mülhausen.
Feb. 15--Austrian aviators fire on Montenegrin royal family at Rieka.
Feb. 16--British aviators make another raid in Belgium; French attack
aerdome at Ghistelle and attack Eichwald in Alsace.
Feb. 17--Copenhagen reports explosion of a Zeppelin off the coast of
Jutland; Allies' airmen attack network of Belgian canals, which may be
used as submarine base.
Feb. 18--Another Zeppelin wrecked off the coast of Jutland.
Feb. 19--French aviator drops bombs on Ostend; Germany apologizes to
Switzerland for aviator's flight over Swiss territory.
Feb. 20--Austrian aviator drops bombs on Cettinje; England distributes
illustrated posters showing differences between English and German
aircraft.
Feb. 21--German aeroplane drops bombs on Braintree, Colchester, and
Marks Tey, little damage being done.
Feb. 22--Zeppelin bombards Calais, killing five; Buckingham Palace and
other places in London are guarded against aeroplane attack.
Feb. 23--German aeroplane seen off the English coast.
Feb. 24--Three British aviators lost in raid on Belgium.
Feb. 27--French aviators bombard Metz; Germans drop bombs on Nieuport.
AUSTRALIA.
Feb. 2--Second contingent of troops reaches Egypt; Minister of Defense
says that Government has placed no limit on number of men to be sent.
AUSTRIA.
Feb. 2--Government issues warning that Rumanian volunteers caught
serving with Russians will be shot.
Feb. 6--Two Czech newspapers suspended for comments on the war
unacceptable to the authorities; editors of papers in Styria threaten to
stop publication unless censorship is relaxed.
Feb. 9--Commercial and political organizations protest against muzzling
of the press.
Feb. 12--Czechs clamor for independence; Hungarian Deputies have been
conferring with Rumanian Deputies to try to reach an agreement about
Transylvania which would keep Rumania out of the war; the negotiations
have now been abandoned, as Rumanians wanted complete autonomy for
Transylvania.
Feb. 13--Entire Austro-Hungarian Landsturm is called out.
Feb. 15--Church bells may be melted to supply copper.
Feb. 21--Foreign Minister Burian and German Imperial Chancellor
Bethmann-Hollweg have three long conferences in Vienna.
Feb. 22--Austrian and German troops have been concentrating for several
days along the Swiss-Italian border; miles of trenches have been dug.
Feb. 24--Germany is reported to be bringing strong pressure on Austria
to induce the latter to cede to Italy her Italian province of Trent and
a portion of the Istrian Peninsula for the purpose of keeping Italy
neutral.
Feb. 28--Full text of Austro-Hungarian "Red Book" is published in THE
NEW YORK TIMES; it is estimated that the total Austrian loss, killed,
wounded and prisoners, is now 1,600,000.
BELGIUM.
Feb. 5--Government protests against annulment by Germany of exequaturs
of Consuls of neutral powers.
Feb. 8--Letter from Cardinal Mercier to the higher clergy of his diocese
protests against violation of his rights as a Belgian and as a Cardinal;
legation in Washington denounces tax imposed by Germans on refugees who
fail to return to Belgium.
Feb. 18--Germany withdraws interdiction against correspondence by
Cardinal Mercier with Belgian Bishops.
Feb. 24--Belgian women in Brussels are ordered by Germans to stop
wearing hats made after style of Belgian soldiers' caps.
Feb. 27--Committee appointed by Germans to investigate condition of
Belgian art treasures reports that the actual destruction has been
insignificant, while objects which have been damaged can be repaired.
BULGARIA.
Feb. 2--Forces have been sent to organize the naval defense of
Dedeagatch.
Feb. 3--Premier Radoslavoff says that the Government is neutral, but
that the Macedonian question causes apprehension.
Feb. 10--Government plans to remain neutral despite German loan.
CANADA.
Feb. 3--Unusual measures taken to guard the Duke of Connaught, Governor
General, at the opening of Parliament.
Feb. 8--The first working day of Parliament; party leaders declare there
will be a political truce during the war; Government to have ample
funds; Colonial Secretary sends dispatch reviewing military operations
from British viewpoint and stating that no Canadian troops are yet on
the firing line except the Princess Patricia Light Infantry.
Feb. 10--Sixty-five Canadians have died in the encampment at Salisbury
Plain, England.
Feb. 14--Excitement in Ottawa over report of intended German air raid
from American soil.
Feb. 15--Parliament buildings, Royal Mint, and Rideau Hall, the Governor
General's residence, are darkened in fear of German air raid.
Feb. 16--Government asks United States to guard American end of
international bridges; the whole of the first contingent is now in
France.
Feb. 19--Guards at international bridges are doubled.
ENGLAND.
Feb. 3--It is planned to devote the present session of Parliament
entirely to war measures.
Feb. 5--Official estimates place the number of effective men in the
army, exclusive of those serving in India, at 3,000,000.
Feb. 8--Premier Asquith tells Parliament that British losses to Feb. 4
are about 104,000 in killed, wounded, and missing.
Feb. 9--Admiral Lord Charles Beresford suggests public hanging of
captured German sea and air raiders.
Feb. 10--At a cost of $100,000 the Government has converted Donington
Hall, Leicestershire, one of the most beautiful old places in England,
into a rest home for captured German officers.
Feb. 11--Government plans to publish biweekly communications from Field
Marshal French.
Feb. 12--First exchanges of disabled prisoners between England and
Germany are arranged through the Papal Nuncio at Berlin.
Feb. 13--Pamphlet issued to the public gives instructions as to how to
act in case of German invasion.
Feb. 15--First troops of new armies are pouring into France; enemy
subjects denied admittance at ports.
Feb. 17--Board of Trade plans to compensate all merchant seamen who may
be injured during hostilities.
Feb. 18--Victoria Cross is conferred on twelve men, one of whom,
Corporal Leary of the Irish Guards, killed eight Germans in hand-to-hand
combat and took two Germans prisoners.
Feb. 23--Captain who was formerly in command of the super-dreadnought
Audacious, generally stated to have been sunk by a mine on Oct. 27, is
made a Rear Admiral; promotion revives rumors that the Audacious was
saved and is being repaired; British merchant shipping loss thus far is
$26,750,000, including both ships and cargoes, the Liverpool and London
War risks Association citing figures as showing the efficacy of British
Navy's protection.
Feb. 25--Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary, announces in the House of
Commons that Great Britain is in "entire accord with Russia's desire for
access to the sea."
Feb. 27--Six newspaper correspondents, including one American, are to be
permitted to go to the front under auspices of the War Office, according
to present plans.
GERMANY.
Feb. 1--Official order has been issued that all stocks of copper and
other metals used for war purposes are to be reserved for the army.
Feb. 4--German refugees from Kiao-Chau reach New York.
Feb. 5--It is reported that a sham railroad station has been built
outside of Cologne to deceive French aviators; the Second Secretary of
the British Legation is arrested in Brussels.
Feb. 6--An Alsatian is condemned to death for fighting in French Army.
Feb. 7--French prisoner condemned to two years' imprisonment for
defacing portrait of the Kaiser.
Feb. 8--Government orders neutrals expelled from Alsace; Archbishop of
Cologne writes pastoral letter predicting victory.
Feb. 9--Cardinal von Hartman says that the motto of the day is "Trust in
God and hold out"; there is a scene in Prussian Diet, when two
Socialists protest against the war.
Feb. 10--Socialists indorse the war at a meeting in Mainz.
Feb. 11--Berlin communes suggest that all members of the Emden's crew
be authorized to add the word Emden to their names.
Feb. 12--Government warns against offering insults to Americans.
Feb. 14--Many French civilians are freed; the Kaiser is said to be fifth
in popularity among contemporary German heroes, von Hindenburg being
first and the Crown Prince second.
Feb. 15--Substitute for petrol is stated to have been found.
Feb. 16--Spaniards are expelled from Baden; Iron Crosses given to
Emden's men; German nurses and surgeons are acquitted by the French of
charges of pillage at Peronne.
Feb. 19--Passport rules are made stricter; all men of last reserve are
stated to have been called out.
Feb. 20--New submarines, airships, and two more dreadnoughts are under
construction.
Feb. 21--Afternoon entertainments are suppressed in Berlin.
Feb. 22--Boys from seventeen to twenty are, it is reported, to be called
out for Landsturm; charges of cruelty to British prisoners of war are
denied.
Feb. 24--Frankfurter Zeitung estimates that prisoners of war now held in
Germany and Austria are 1,035,000, 75 per cent. being held by the
Germans.
Feb. 27--Admiral von Pohl, Chief of the Admiralty Staff, has been
selected as successor to Admiral von Ingenohl, who has been removed from
command of the battle fleet; manufacturing and agriculture enterprises
in the occupied parts of France and Belgium are being kept alive under
the management of Germans to contribute to support of the armies; high
school teachers and pupils are in the army.
Feb. 28--It is reported that Ambassador von Bernstorff is to be recalled
to Berlin and that Baron Treutler, a friend of the Kaiser, will be his
successor; the total Prussian losses are now 1,102,212, in killed,
wounded, and prisoners.
GREECE.
Feb. 1--Nation at large is declared to be ready to join war on behalf of
Serbia.
Feb. 9--The Government believes that Germany should respect Greek rights
in the naval war zone.
Feb. 14--There is danger of Greece's becoming involved in hostilities
because of the Albanian invasion of Serbia.
ITALY.
Feb. 2--Reservists in England warned to be ready to respond to call.
Feb. 7--Russia plans to send to Italy many Austrian prisoners of Italian
nationality.
Feb. 8--Soldiers of Second Category are to remain under colors until
May; meeting in Padua is held in favor of joining the war and of
dissolving the Triple Alliance.
Feb. 9--Federation of the Italian Press condemns pro-German propaganda;
Garibaldi visits Joffre.
Feb. 10--Garibaldi, in London, says that popular feeling in Italy is
against Germans and Austrians.
Feb. 20--One million men are under arms; Premier Salandra avoids war
debate in Parliament; volunteers await arrival of Garibaldi to head
expedition to aid Allies.
Feb. 23--It is planned to call more men to the colors.