I. Facial expression.
/1. Sympathetic \
II. Gesture < 2. Representative (= Natural signs | Conventional
\3. Systematic (a) Arbitrary signs > especially in
(b) Grammatical signs / shortened form.
III. Mimic action.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "David, St" to "Demidov" Volume 7, Slice 10 · 第 26 / 56 题