_Lamproth[ornis] opaca_ Kittlitz, Kupfertaf. Naturgesch. Vögel, 2,
1833, p. 11, pl. 15, fig. 2. (Type locality, Ualan = Kusaie.)
_Turdus colombinus_ Lesson (part), Traité d'Ornith., 1832, p. 406
(Carolines = Kusaie?).
_Lamproth[ornis] opaca_ Kittlitz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.
Petersbourg, 2, 1935, p. 7 (Ualan); _idem_ (part), Obser. Zool.,
in Lutké, Voy. "Le Séniavine," 3, 1836, pp. 285, 297 (Ualan);
Pelzeln, Reise "Novara," Vögel, 1865, p. 68 (Ualan).
_Lamprotornis columbinus_ Bonaparte (part), Consp. Avium, 1, 1850,
p. 417 (Carolinen = Kusaie?).
_Lamprotornis columbina_ Hartlaub, Archiv f. Naturgesch., 18,
1852, p. 133 (Ualan); _idem_ (part), Journ. f. Ornith., 1854, p.
168 (Carolinen = Kusaie?); Kittlitz, Denkw. Reise russ. Amer.
Micron. und Kamchat., 1, 1858, p. 376 (Ualan).
_Calornis opaca_ Gray (part), Cat. Birds Trop. Is. Pacific Ocean,
1859, p. 26 (Oualau = Kusaie); Tristram, Cat. Birds, 1889, p. 255
(Kusaie); Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. Senckenb., 1891, p. 75
(Ualan).
_Calornis kittlitzi_ Finsch and Hartlaub (part), Fauna Central
polynesiens, 1867, p. 109 (Ualan, Puynipet, Marianen; type
locality, by subsequent restriction, Ualan = Kusaie); Finsch
(part), Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, 8, 1875, p. 23 (Ualan).
_Calornis kittlitzii_ Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867
(1868), p. 830 (Ualan).
_Amadina Kittlitzi_ Gray, Hand-list Birds, 2, 1870, p. 58 (Ualan).
_Calornis pacifica_ Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 47 (Caroline Is. =
Kusaie?); Finsch (part), Mitth. Ornith. Ver. Wien, 1884, p. 49
(Kuschai).
_Calornis pacificus_ Finsch (part), Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, 12,
1876, p. 32 (Ualan); _idem_ (part), Journ. f. Ornith., 1880, pp.
289, 301 (Kuschai); _idem_, (part), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880,
p. 576 (Kuschai); _idem_, (part), Ibis, 1881, pp. 103, 104, 108,
111 (Kuschai).
_Aplonis kittlitzi_ Sharpe (part), Cat. Birds British Mus., 13,
1890, p. 136 (Kuschai); Wiglesworth (part), Abhandl. und Ber.
Zool. Mus. Dresden, no. 6, 1890-1891 (1891), p. 44 (Ualan);
Oustalet (part), Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (3), 7, 1895,
p. 216 (Oualan); Hartert (part), Novit. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 59
(Ualan); Matschie (part), Journ. f. Ornith., 1901, p. 112 (Ualan);
Takatsukasa and Kuroda, Tori, 1, 1915, p. 64 (Kusaie).
_Lamprocorax kittlitzi_ Dubois (part), Syn. Avium, 1, 1902, p. 542
(Kuschai).
_Aplonis opaca_ Oberholser, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 98, 1917, p. 59
(Ualan); Wetmore (part), in Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zoöl., 63, 1919, p. 219 (Kusaie).
_Aplonis kittlitzi kittlitzi_ Momiyama (part), Tori, 2, 1920, p. 1
(Kusaie).
_Aplonis opaca opaca_ Momiyama (part), Birds Micronesia, 1922, pp.
6, 12 (Kusaie); Kuroda (part), in Momiyama, Birds Micronesia,
1922, p. 70 (Kusaie); Mathews, Syst. Avium Australasianarum, 2,
1930, p. 847 (Kusaie); Takatsukasa and Yamashina, Tori, 7, 1931,
p. 109 (Kusaie); Hand-list Japanese Birds, rev., 1932, p. 170
(Kusaie).
_Aplornis opaca opaca_, Hand-list Japanese Birds, 3d ed., 1942, p.
188 (Kusaie).
_Aplonis opacus opacus_ Mayr, Birds Southwest Pacific, 1945, p.
298 (Kusaie).
_Geographic range._--Micronesia: Caroline Islands--Kusaie.
_Characters._--Adult: Feathers black with dusky appearance caused
by lighter bases; edges of feathers with slight amount of
steel-green gloss; underparts slightly duller than upper parts;
bill black, with maxilla rather strongly curved; feet black, iris
yellow. Females slightly smaller.
Immature: Resembles adult, but upper parts more brown and less
black; underparts dusky with edges of feathers tinged with smoky
yellow producing a streaked appearance; base of bill horn-colored.
_Measurements._--Measurements are listed in table 45.
_Specimens examined._--Total number, 30 (18 males, 12 females), as
follows: Caroline Islands, USNM--Kusaie, 5 (Feb. 8); AMNH--Kusaie,
25 (Jan., Feb., March).