OF EXAMPLE, SIMILITUDE, AND FABLES.
Of the _principles_, both general and special, from whence _proofs_ are
to be drawn, has been already spoken. Now follow the _proofs_
themselves, which are _examples_ or _enthymemes_.
An _example_, is either an example _properly so called_, as some action
past; or a _similitude_, which also is called a parable; or a _fable_,
which contains some action feigned.
An example, _properly so called_, is this: _Darius came not into Greece
till he had first subdued Egypt; Xerxes also conquered Egypt first; then
afterwards crossed the Hellespont; we ought therefore to hinder the King
of Persia from conquering Egypt_.
A _similitude_, or _parable_, is such as followeth: _They who choose
their magistrates by lot, are like them that choose for their champions
those on whom the lot shall fall, rather than those who have the
greatest strength; and for their pilot, not him that hath skill, but him
whose name is drawn out of the urn_.
A _fable_ is in this manner: _The horse desiring to drive out the stag
from his common pasture, took a man to assist him; and having received
into his mouth a bridle, and a rider upon his back, obtained his intent,
but became subject to the man. So you of Himera, having, in hope to be
revenged of your enemies, given unto Phalaris sovereign authority, that
is to say, taken a bridle into your mouths; if you shall also give him a
guard to his person, that is, let him get up upon your backs, you become
his slaves presently, past recovery._
To find out _examples_, that is, actions done that may serve our
purpose, is therefore hard, because not in our power. But to find
_fables_ and _similitudes_, is easier; because, by conversing in
philosophy, a man may feign somewhat in nature like to the case in hand.
_Examples_, _similitudes_, and _fables_, where _enthymemes_ are wanting,
may serve us in the beginning of an oration for inductions; otherwise
are to be alleged after enthymemes, for testimonies.
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