Durris, parish of, Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires in the, i. 206 _sq._
Dusk of the Evening, prayers to the, i. 53
Düsseldorf, Shrove Tuesday custom in the district of, i. 120
Dutch names for mistletoe, ii. 319 _n._ 1
Dwarf-elder at Midsummer detects witchcraft, ii. 64
Dyaks of Borneo, trees and plants as life indices among the, ii. 164
_sq._;
their doctrine of the plurality of souls, 222;
of Landak and Tajan, marriage custom of the, i. 5;
birth-trees among the, ii. 164;
of Pinoeh, their custom at a birth, ii. 154 _sq._
Eagle, sacrifice to, i. 152
—— bone, used to drink out of, i. 45
—— clan, ii. 271, 272 _n._ 1
—— -hawk, external soul of medicine-man in, ii. 199
—— -spirits and buried treasures, i. 218
Earth, taboos observed by the priest of, in Southern Nigeria, i. 4;
prayers to, 50;
and heaven, between, 1 _sqq._
Easter, fern-seed blooms at, ii. 292 _n._ 2
—— candle, i. 121, 122, 125
—— ceremonies in the New World, i. 127 _sq._
—— eggs, i. 108, 143, 144
—— Eve, new fire on, i. 121, 124, 126, 158;
the fern blooms at, ii. 66
—— fires, i. 120 _sqq._
—— Man, burning the, i. 144
—— Monday, fire-custom on, i. 143
—— Mountains, bonfires on, i. 140, 141
—— Saturday, new fire on, i. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130;
the divining-rod baptized on, ii. 69
—— Sunday, red eggs on, i. 122
Eavesdropping, divination by, i. 238, 243, 244
Echternach in Luxemburg, Lenten fire-custom at, i. 116
Eclipses attributed to monster biting the sun or moon, i. 70;
air thought to be poisoned at, 162 _n._;
thought to be caused by a monster attacking the luminary, 162 _n._
_Edda_, the prose, story of Balder in, i. 101;
the poetic, story of Balder in, 102
Eddesse, in Hanover, need-fire at, i. 275 _sq._
Edersleben, Midsummer fire-custom at, i. 169
Edgewell Tree, oak at castle of Dalhousie, ii. 166, 284
Effect, supposed, of killing a totem animal, ii. 220
Effigies burnt in bonfires, i. 106, 107, 116, 118 _sq._, 119 _sq._, 121,
122, 159, 167;
of Judas burnt at Easter, 121, 127 _sq._, 130 _sq._;
burnt in the Midsummer fires, 172 _sq._, 195;
of witches burnt in the fires, 342, ii. 19, 43;
of human beings burnt in the fires, 21 _sqq._;
of giants burnt in the summer fires, 38
Effigy of absent friend cut in a tree, ii. 159 _sq._
Efik, a tribe of Calabar, their belief in external or bush souls, ii. 206
Egede, Hans, on impregnation by the moon, i. 76
Egg broken in water, divination by means of, i. 208 _sq._
Eggs, charm to ensure plenty of, i. 112, 338;
begged for at Midsummer, 169;
divination by white of, 236 _sq._, 238;
external souls of fairy beings in, ii. 106 _sqq._, 110, 125, 132 _sq._,
140 _sq._
——, Easter, i. 108, 122, 143, 144
Egypt, the Flight into, ii. 69 _n._;
deified kings of, their souls deposited during life in portrait statues,
157
Egyptian, ancient, story of the external soul, ii. 134 _sqq._
—— doctrine of the _ka_ or external soul, ii. 157 _n._ 2
—— tombs, plaques or palettes of schist in, ii. 155
Egyptians, human sacrifices among the, ii. 286 _n._ 2
Eifel Mountains, Lenten fires in the, i. 115 _sq._, 336 _sq._;
Cobern in the, 120;
St. John’s fires in the, 169;
the Yule log in the, 248;
Midsummer flowers in the, ii. 48
Eighty-one (nine times nine), men make need-fire, i. 289, 294, 295
Eket, in North Calabar, ii. 209
Ekoi, a tribe of Calabar, their belief in external or bush souls, ii. 206
_sqq._
_Elangela_, external soul in Fan language, ii. 201, 226 _n._ 1
Elbe, the river, dangerous on Midsummer Day, ii. 26
Elder-flowers gathered at Midsummer, ii. 64
Elecampane in a popular remedy, i. 17
Electric conductivity of various kinds of wood, ii. 299 _n._ 2
Elephant hunters, custom of, i. 5
Elephants, lives of persons bound up with those of, ii. 202, 203;
external human souls in, 207
Elgin, medical use of mistletoe in, ii. 84
Elk clan of the Omaha Indians, i. 11
Elm wood used to kindle need-fire, i. 299
Embers of bonfires planted in fields, i. 117, 121;
stuck in cabbage gardens, 174, 175;
promote growth of crops, 337.
_See also_ Ashes _and_ Sticks, charred
—— of Midsummer fires a protection against conflagration, i. 188;
a protection against lightning, 190
Emily plain of Central Australia, ii. 238
Emmenthal, in Switzerland, superstition as to Midsummer Day in the, ii.
27;
use of orpine at Midsummer in the, 62 _n._
Emu fat not allowed to touch the ground, i. 13
—— -wren, called men’s “brother” among the Kurnai, ii. 215 _n._ 1, 216,
218
Encounter Bay tribe in South Australia, their dread of women at
menstruation, i. 76
Energy, sanctity and uncleanness, different forms of the same mysterious,
i. 97 _sq._
England, belief as to menstruous women in, i. 96 _n._ 1;
Midsummer fires in, 196 _sqq._;
the Yule log in, 255 _sqq._;
the need-fire in, 286 _sqq._;
Midsummer giants in, ii. 36 _sqq._;
divination by orpine at Midsummer in, 61;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, 65;
the north of, mistletoe used to make the dairy thrive in, 85 _sq._;
birth-trees in, 165;
children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for rupture or rickets
in, 168 _sqq._;
oak-mistletoe in, 316
English cure for whooping-cough, rheumatism, and boils, ii. 180
Ensival, bonfires at, i. 108
Entrails, external soul in, ii. 146 _sq._, 152
_Epic of Kings_, Firdusi’s, i. 104
Epidemic, creeping through a tunnel as a remedy for an, i. 283 _sq._
Epilepsy, yellow mullein a protection against, ii. 63;
mistletoe a cure for, 78, 83, 84
Épinal, Lenten fires at, i. 109
Eriskay, fairies at Hallowe’en in, i. 226;
salt cake at Hallowe’en in, 238 _sq._
Errol, the Hays of, their fate bound up with oak-mistletoe, ii. 283 _sq._
_Escouvion_ or _Scouvion_, the Great and the Little, i. 108
Esquimaux, their superstition as to various meats, i. 13 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, 55;
ceremony of the new fire among the, 134;
their custom at eclipses, 162 _n._
—— of Alaska, child’s soul deposited in a bag among the, ii. 155
—— of Bering Strait, their belief as to menstruous women, i. 91
Esthonia, bathing at Midsummer in, ii. 29;
flowers gathered for divination and magic at Midsummer in, 53 _sq._
Esthonians, Midsummer fires among the, i. 179 _sq._;
of Oesel cull St. John’s herbs on St. John’s Day, ii. 49
Eteobutads as umbrella-bearers at the festival of Scira, i. 20 _n._ 1
Eton, Midsummer fires at, i. 197
Eunuchs perform a ceremony for the fertility of the fields, i. 340
_Euphorbia lathyris_, caper-spurge, ii. 69
Euripides, his play on Meleager, ii. 103 _n._ 2
Europe, superstitions as to menstruous women in, i. 96 _sq._;
the fire-festivals of, 106 _sqq._;
great dread of witchcraft in, 342;
birth-trees in, ii. 165;
belief in, that strength of witches and wizards is in their hair, 158
Eurydice, Orpheus and, ii. 294
Eve of Samhain (Hallowe’en) in Ireland, i. 139
Everek (Caesarea), in Asia Minor, creeping through a rifted rock at, ii.
189
Evil eye, protection against, i. 17
—— spirit, mode of cure for possession by an, ii. 186
Evil spirits driven away at the New Year, i. 134 _sq._;
kept off by fire, 282, 285 _sq._;
St. John’s herbs a protection against, ii. 49;
kept off by flowers gathered at Midsummer, 53 _sq._;
creeping through cleft trees to escape the pursuit of, 173 _sqq._
_See also_ Demons
Ewe negroes, their dread of menstruous women, i. 82
Exogamous classes in Duke of York island, ii. 248 _n._
Exorcizing vermin with torches, i. 340
Exorcism of evil spirits, i. 5;
and ordeals, 66;
at Easter, 123;
use of St. John’s wort in, ii. 55;
use of mugwort in, 60;
by vervain, 62 _n._ 4
Expulsion of demons, annual, i. 135
External soul in folk-tales, ii. 95 _sqq._;
in folk-custom, 153 _sqq._;
in inanimate things, 153 _sqq._;
in plants, 159 _sqq._;
in animals, 196 _sqq._;
kept in totem, 220 _sqq._
_See also_ Souls, External
Extinction of common fires before the kindling of the need-fire, i. 271,
272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 _sq._, 279, 283, 285, 288, 289,
289 _sq._, 291, 291 _sq._, 292, 294, 297, 298 _sq._;
ceremonial, of fires, ii. 297 _sq._
Eye, the evil, cast on cattle, i. 302, 303;
oleander a protection against the, ii. 51
Eyes, looking through flowers at the Midsummer fire, thought to be good
for the, i. 162, 163, 165 _sq._, 171, 174 _sq._, 344;
ashes or smoke of Midsummer fire supposed to benefit the, 214 _sq._;
sore, attributed to witchcraft, 344;
mugwort a protection against sore, ii. 59;
of newly initiated lads closed, 241
Eyre, E. J., on menstruous women in Australia, i. 77
“Faery dairts” thought to kill cattle, i. 303
_Failles_, bonfires, i. 111 _n._ 1
Fair, great, at Uisnech in County Meath, i. 158
Fairies let loose at Hallowe’en, i. 224 _sqq._;
carry off men’s wives, 227;
at Hallowe’en, dancing with the, 227;
thought to kill cattle by their darts, 303;
active on Hallowe’en and May Day, ii. 184 _n._ 4, 185
Fairy changelings, i. 151 _n._;
mistletoe a protection against, ii. 283
Falcon stone, at Errol, in Perthshire, ii. 283
Falkenstein chapel of St. Wolfgang, creeping through a rifted rock near
the, ii. 189
Falling sickness, mistletoe a remedy for, ii. 83, 84
Famenne in Namur, Lenten fires in, i. 108
Familiar spirits of wizards in boars, ii. 196 _sq._
Fans of the French Congo, birth-trees among the, ii. 161
—— of the Gaboon, their theory of the external soul, ii. 200 _sqq._, 226
_n._ 1;
guardian spirits acquired in dreams among the, 257
—— of West Africa, custom at end of mourning among the, ii. 18
Fast at puberty, ii. 222 _n._ 5
Fasting of girls at puberty, i. 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 66;
of women at menstruation, 93, 94;
as preparation for gathering magical plants, ii. 45, 55 _n._ 1, 58
—— men and women at a dancing festival, i. 8 _sqq._
Fasts imposed on heirs to thrones in South America, i. 19;
rules observed in, 20
Fat of emu not allowed to touch the ground, i. 13;
of crocodiles and snakes as unguent, 14
Fattening-house for girls in Calabar, ii. 259
Feast of Florus and Lauras on August 18th, i. 220;
of the Nativity of the Virgin, 220 _sq._;
of All Souls, 223 _sq._, 225 _n._ 3
_Fechenots_, _fechenottes_, Valentines, i. 110
Feet foremost, children born, curative power attributed to, i. 295
Fen-hall, i. 102
Ferintosh district, in Scotland, i. 227
Fern in a popular remedy, i. 17;
the male (_Aspidium filix mas_), superstitions as 10, ii. 66 _sq._
—— owl or goatsucker, sex totem of women, ii. 217
—— -seed gathered on Midsummer Eve, magical properties ascribed to, ii. 65
_sqq._;
blooms on Midsummer Eve, 287;
blooms on Christmas Night, 288 _sq._;
reveals treasures in the earth, 287 _sqq._;
brought by Satan on Christmas night, 289;
gathered at the solstices, Midsummer Eve and Christmas, 290 _sq._;
procured by shooting at the sun on Midsummer Day, 291;
blooms at Easter, 292 _n._ 2
Feronia, Italian goddess, ii. 14
Ferrara, synod of, denounces practice of gathering fern-seed, ii. 66 _n._
Fertility of women, magical ceremony to ensure, i. 23 _sq._, 31;
of fields, processions with lighted torches to ensure the, 233 _sq._;
of the land supposed to depend on the number of human beings sacrificed,
ii. 32, 33, 42 _sq._
Fertilization of mango trees, ceremony for the, i. 10
Fertilizing fields with ashes of Midsummer fires, i. 170
Festival of the cold food in China, i. 137;
Chinese, shifted in the calendar, 137;
of the Cross on August 1st, 220;
of the Dead, 223 _sq._, 225 _sq._
Fetish, the great, in West Africa, ii. 256
Fever, leaping over the Midsummer bonfires as a preventive of, i. 166,
173, 194;
Midsummer fires a protection against, 190;
need-fire kindled to prevent, 297;
cure for, in India, ii. 190
_Fey_, devoted, i. 231
Fez, Midsummer custom at, i. 216, ii. 31
Field-mice, burning torches as a protection against, i. 114, 115
—— and moles driven away by torches, ii. 340
Fields, cultivated, menstruous women not allowed to enter, i. 79;
protected against insects by menstruous women, 98 _n._ 1;
processions with torches through, 107 _sq._, 110 _sqq._, 113 _sqq._,
179, 339 _sq._;
protected against witches, 121;
made fruitful by bonfires, 140;
fertilized by ashes of Midsummer fires, 170;
fertilized by burning wheel rolled over them, 191, 340 _sq._;
protected against hail by bonfires, 344
Fig-trees, charm to benefit, i. 18; sacred among the Fans, ii. 161
Fights between men and women about their sex totems, ii. 215, 217
_Figo_, bonfire, i. 111
Fiji, brides tattooed in, i. 34 _n._ 1;
the fire-walk in, ii. 10 _sq._;
birth-trees in, 163;
the drama of death and resurrection exhibited to novices at initiation
in, 243 _sqq._
Filey, in Yorkshire, the Yule log and candle at, i. 256
Finchra, mountain in Rum, ii. 284
Fingan Eve in the Isle of Man, i. 266
Finistère, bonfires on St. John’s Day in, i. 183
Finland, Midsummer fires in, i. 180 _sq._;
fir-tree as life-index in, ii. 165 _sq._
Finsch Harbour in German New Guinea, ii. 239
Fir-branches, prayers to, i. 51;
at Midsummer, 177;
Midsummer mummers clad in, ii. 25 _sq._
—— -cones, seeds of, gathered on St. John’s Day, ii. 64
—— -tree as life-index, ii. 165 _sq._;
mistletoe on fir-trees, 315, 316
—— -wood used to kindle need-fire, i. 278, 282
—— or beech used to make the Yule log, i. 249
Firdusi’s _Epic of Kings_, i. 104
Fire, girls at puberty forbidden to see or go near, i. 29, 45, 46;
menstruous women not allowed to touch or see, 84, 85;
extinguished at menstruation, 87;
in fire-festivals, different possible explanations of its use, 112
_sq._;
made by flints or by flint and steel, 121, 124, 126, 127, 145, 146, 159;
made by a burning-glass, 121, 127;
made by a metal mirror, 132, 137, 138 _n._ 5;
made by the friction of wood, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144 _sq._,
148, 155, 169 _sq._, 175, 177, 179, 220, 264, 270 _sqq._,
335 _sq._, ii. 8, 90, 295;
not to be blown up with breath, i. 133;
year called a fire, 137;
thought to grow weak with age, 137;
pretence of throwing a man into, 148, 186, ii. 25;
carried round houses, corn, cattle, and women after child-bearing, 151
_n._;
used to drive away witches and demons at Midsummer, 170;
as a protection against evil spirits, 282, 285 _sq._;
made by means of a wheel, 335 _sq._, ii. 91;
as a destructive and purificatory agent, i. 341;
used as a charm to produce sunshine, 341 _sq._;
employed as a barrier against ghosts, ii. 17 _sqq._;
as a purificatory agency, 19;
used to burn or ban witches, 19 _sq._;
extinguished by mistletoe, 78, 84 _sq._, 293;
of oak-wood used to detect a murderer, 92 _n._ 4;
life of man bound up with a, 157;
perpetual, of oak-wood, 285 _sq._;
conceived by savages as a property stored like sap in trees, 295;
primitive ideas as to the origin of, 295 _sq._
——, living, made by friction of wood, i. 220
——, new, kindled on Easter Saturday, i. 121 _sqq._;
festivals of new, 131 _sqq._;
made by the friction of wood at Christmas, 264
“—— of heaven,” term applied to Midsummer bonfire, i. 334, 335
—— -drill used to kindle need-fire, i. 292
Fire-festivals of Europe, i. 106 _sqq._;
interpretation of the, 328 _sqq._, ii. 15 _sqq._;
at the solstices, i. 331 _sq._;
solar theory of the, 331 _sqq._;
purificatory theory of the, 341 _sqq._;
regarded as a protection against witchcraft, 342;
the purificatory theory of the, more probable than the solar theory,
346;
elsewhere than in Europe, ii. 1 _sqq._;
in India, 1 _sqq._, 5 _sqq._;
in China, 3 _sqq._;
in Japan, 9 _sq._;
in Fiji, 10 _sq._;
in Tahiti, the Marquesas Islands, and Trinidad, 11;
in Africa, 11 _sqq._;
in classical antiquity in Cappadocia and Italy, 14 _sq._;
their relation to Druidism, 33 _sqq._, 45
Fire-god, Armenian, i. 131 _n._ 3;
of the Iroquois, prayers to the, 299 _sq._
—— -walk, the, ii. 1 _sqq._;
a remedy for disease, 7;
the meaning of the, 15 _sqq._
Firebrand, external soul of Meleager in a, ii. 103
Firebrands, the Sunday of the, i. 110, 114
Fires extinguished as preliminary to obtaining new fire, i. 5;
annually extinguished and relit, 132 _sqq._;
to burn the witches on the Eve of May Day (Walpurgis Night), 159 _sq._;
autumn, 220 _sqq._;
the need-fire, 269 _sqq._;
extinguished before the lighting of the need-fire, 270, 271, 272, 273,
274, 275, 276, 277 _sq._, 279, 283, 285, 288, 289 _sq._,
291, 291 _sq._, 292, 294, 297, 298 _sq._;
of the fire-festivals explained as sun-charms, 329, 331 _sqq._;
explained as purificatory, 329 _sq._, 341 _sqq._;
the burning of human beings in the, ii. 21 _sqq._;
perpetual, fed with oak-wood, 91;
with pinewood, 91 _n._ 7;
the solstitial, perhaps sun-charms, 292;
extinguished and relighted from a flame kindled by lightning, 297 _sq._
_See also_ Fire, Bonfires
——, the Beltane, i. 146 _sqq._
——, the Easter, i. 120 _sqq._
——, Hallowe’en, i. 222 _sq._, 230 _sqq._
——, the Lenten, i. 106 _sqq._
——, Midsummer, i. 160 _sqq._;
a protection against witches, 180;
supposed to stop rain, 188, 336;
supposed to be a preventive of backache in reaping, 189, 344 _sq._;
a protection against fever, 190
——, Midwinter, i. 246 _sqq._
—— of St. John in France, i. 183, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193
—— on the Eve of Twelfth Day, i. 107
First-born lamb, wool of, used as cure for colic, i. 17
—— sons make need-fire, i. 294;
special magical virtue attributed to, 295
First-fruits offered to the souls of the dead, ii. 243
Fish frightened or killed by proximity of menstruous women, i. 77, 93;
external soul in a, ii. 99 _sq._, 122 _sq._;
golden, external soul of girl in a, 147 _sq._;
lives of people bound up with, 200, 202, 204, 209
Fisheries supposed to be spoiled by menstruous women, i. 77, 78, 90 _sq._,
93
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Fijian religion, ii. 244 _n._ 1, 2, 3, 246 _n._ 1
Fittleworth, in Sussex, cleft ash-trees used for the cure of rupture at,
ii. 169 _sq._
Flames of bonfires, omens drawn from, i. 159, 165, 336
Flanders, Midsummer fires in, i. 194;
the Yule log in, 249;
wicker giants in, ii. 35
Flax, leaping over bonfires to make the flax grow tall, i. 119;
charms to make flax grow tall, 165, 166, 173, 174, 176, 180
—— crop, omens of the, drawn from Midsummer bonfires, i. 165
—— seed sown in direction of flames of bonfire, i. 140, 337
Fleabane as a cure for headache, i. 17
Fleas, leaping over Midsummer fires to get rid of, i. 211, 212, 217
Flight into Egypt, the, ii. 69 _n._
Flints, fire kindled by, i. 121, 124, 126, 127, 145, 146, 159
Floor, sitting on the, at Christmas, i. 261
Florence, ceremony of the new fire at Easter in, i. 126 _sq._
Florus and Laurus, feast of, on August 18th, i. 220
Flowers thrown on bonfire, ii. 8;
external souls in, 117 _sq._
_See also_ Crown
—— and herbs cast into the Midsummer bonfires, i. 162, 163, 172, 173
—— at Midsummer thrown on roofs as a protection against lightning, i. 169;
festival of, 177 _sq._;
as talismans, 183;
in fires, 184, 188, 190;
wreaths of, hung over doors and windows, 201;
placed on mouths of wells, ii. 28;
divination from, 50
—— on Midsummer Eve, blessed by St. John, i. 171;
the magic flowers of Midsummer Eve, ii. 45 _sqq._;
used in divination, 52 _sq._;
used to dream upon, 52, 54
Flutes, sacred, played at initiation, ii. 241
Fly River, in British New Guinea, ii. 232
“Flying-rowan” (parasitic rowan), superstitions in regard to, ii. 281;
used to make a divining-rod, 281 _sq._
Foam of the sea, the demon Namuci killed by the, ii. 280;
the totem of a clan in India, 281
Fo-Kien, province of China, festival of fire in, ii. 3 _sqq._
Folgareit, in the Tyrol, Midsummer custom at, ii. 47
Folk-custom, external soul in, ii. 153 _sqq._
—— -tales, the external soul in, ii. 95 _sqq._
Follies of Dunkirk, ii. 34 _sq._
Food, sacred, not allowed to touch the ground, i. 13 _sq._;
girls at puberty not allowed to handle, 23, 28, 36, 40 _sq._, 42
Foods, forbidden, i. 4, 7, 19, 36 _sq._, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47,
48, 49, 54, 56, 57, 58, 68, 77, 78, 94
“Fool’s Stone” in ashes of Midsummer fire, i. 195
Forbidden thing of clan, ii. 313
Forchheim, in Bavaria, the burning of Judas at Easter in, i. 143
Foreskins of young men offered to ancestral spirits in Fiji, ii. 243 _sq._
Forespeaking men and cattle, i. 303
Forgetfulness of the past after initiation, ii. 238, 254, 256, 258, 259,
266 _sq._
Forked shape of divining-rod, ii. 67 _n._ 3
“Forlorn fire,” need-fire, i. 292
_Foulères_, bonfires, i. 111 _n._ 1
Foulkes, Captain, quoted, ii. 210
Four kinds of wood used to make the divining-rod, ii. 69, 291
Fourdin, E., on the procession of the giants at Ath, ii. 36 _n._ 2
Four-leaved clover, a counter-charm for witchcraft, i. 316;
at Midsummer useful for magic, ii. 62 _sq._
Fowler, W. Warde, on Midsummer custom, i. 206 _n._ 2;
on _sexta luna,_ ii. 77 _n._ 1;
on the ceremony of passing under the yoke, 195 _n._ 4;
on the oak and the thunder-god, 298, 299 _n._ 2, 300
Fowls’ nests, ashes of bonfires put in, i, 112, 338
Fox prayed to spare lambs, i. 152
Foxes burnt in Midsummer fires, ii. 39, 41;
witches turn into, 41
Foxwell, Ernest, on the fire-walk in Japan, ii. 10 _n._ 1
Fraas, F., on the various sorts of mistletoe known to the ancients, ii.
318
Frampton-on-Severn in Gloucestershire, ii. 316
France, Lenten fires in, i. 109 _sqq._;
Midsummer fires in, 181 _sqq._;
fires on All Saints’ Day in, 245 _sq._;
the Yule log in, 249 _sqq._;
wonderful herbs gathered on St. John’s Eve (Midsummer Eve) in, ii. 45
_sqq._;
mugwort (herb of St. John) at Midsummer in, 58 _sq._;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, 65;
judicial treatment of sorcerers in, 158;
birth-trees in, 165;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in,
170.
_See also_ French
Franche-Comté, Lenten fires in, i. 110 _sq._;
fires of St. John in, 189;
the Yule log in, 254
Franken, Middle, fire custom at Easter in, i. 143
Frankenstein, precautions against witches in, ii. 20 _n._
Fraser Lake in British Columbia, i. 47
Freiburg, in Switzerland, Lenten fires in, i. 119;
fern and treasure on St. John’s Night in, ii. 288
Freising, in Bavaria, creeping through a narrow opening in the cathedral
of, ii. 189
French cure for whooping-cough, ii. 192 _n._ 1
—— Islands, use of bull-roarers in, ii. 229 _n._
—— peasants, their superstition as to a virgin and a flame, i. 137 _n._
Friction of wood, fire made by the, i. 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144
_sq._, 148, 155, 169 _sq._, 175, 177, 179, 220, 264, 270
_sqq._, 335 _sq._, ii. 8;
the most primitive mode of making fire, 90, 295
“Friendly Society of the Spirit” among the Naudowessies, ii. 267
Frigg or Frigga, the goddess, and Balder, i. 101, 102
Fringes worn over the eyes by girls at puberty, i. 47, 48
Fruit-trees threatened, i. 114;
Midsummer fires lit under, 215;
shaken at Christmas to make them bear fruit, 248;
fumigated with smoke of need-fire, 280;
fertilized by burning torches, 340
_Fuga daemonum_, St. John’s wort, ii. 55
Fulda, the Lord of the Wells at, ii. 28
Fumigating crops with smoke of bonfires, i. 201, 337
—— sheep and cattle, ii. 12, 13
Fumigation of pastures at Midsummer to drive away witches and demons, i.
170;
of fruit-trees, nets, and cattle with smoke of need-fire, 280;
of byres with juniper, 296;
of trees with wild thyme on Christmas Eve, ii. 64
Fünen, in Denmark, cure for childish ailments at, ii. 191
Funeral, customs observed by mourners after a funeral in order to escape
from the ghost, ii. 174 _sqq._
—— ceremony among the Michemis, i. 5
Furnace, walking through a fiery, ii. 3 _sqq._
Furness, W. H., on passing under an archway, ii. 179 _sq._, 180 _n._ 1
Gabb, W. M., on ceremonial uncleanness, i. 65 _n._ 1
Gablonz, in Bohemia, Midsummer bed of flowers at, ii. 57
Gaboon, birth-trees in the, ii. 160;
theory of the external soul in, 200 _sq._
Gacko, need-fire at, i. 286
Gaidoz, H., on the custom of passing sick people through cleft trees, ii.
171
Gage, Thomas, on _naguals_ among the Indians of Guatemala, ii. 213
Gaj, in Slavonia, need-fire at, i. 282
Galatian senate met in Drynemetum, “the temple of the oak,” ii. 89
Galatians kept their old Celtic speech, ii. 89 _n._ 2
Galela, dread of women at menstruation in, i. 79
Galelareese of Halmahera, their rites of initiation, ii. 248
Gallic Councils, their prohibition of carrying torches, i. 199
Gallows Hill, magical plants gathered on the, ii. 57
—— -rope used to kindle need-fire, i. 277
Gandersheim, in Brunswick, need-fire at, i. 277
Gap, in the High Alps, cats roasted alive in the Midsummer fire at, ii. 39
_sq._
Gardner, Mrs. E. A., i. 131 _n._ 1
Garlands of flowers placed on wells at Midsummer, ii. 28;
thrown on trees, a form of divination, 53
Garlic roasted at Midsummer fires, i. 193
Garonne, Midsummer fires in the valley of the, i. 193
Gatschet, A. S., on the Toukawe Indians, ii. 276 _n._ 2
Gaul, “serpents’ eggs” in ancient, i. 15;
human sacrifices in ancient, ii. 32 _sq._
Gauls, their fortification walls, i. 267 _sq._
Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, the Ingniet society in the, ii. 156
Gem, external soul of magician in a, ii. 105 _sq._;
external soul of giant in a, 130
Geneva, Midsummer fires in the canton of, i. 172
_Genius_, the Roman, ii. 212 _n._
Geranium burnt in Midsummer fire, i. 213
Gerhausen, i. 166
German stories of the external soul, ii. 116 _sqq._
Germans, human sacrifices offered by the ancient, ii. 28 _n._ 1;
the oak sacred among the, 89
Germany, Lenten fires in, i. 115 _sq._;
Easter bonfires in, 140 _sqq._;
custom at eclipses in, 162 _n._;
the Midsummer fires in, 163 _sqq._;
the Yule log in, 247 _sqq._;
belief in the transformation of witches into animals in, 321 _n._ 2;
colic, sore eyes, and stiffness of the back attributed to witchcraft in,
344 _sq._;
mugwort at Midsummer in, ii. 59;
orpine gathered at Midsummer in, 62 _n._;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, 65;
mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, 83;
the need-fire kindled by the friction of oak in, 91;
oak-wood used to make up cottage fires on Midsummer Day in, 91 _sq._;
birth-trees in, 165;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture in, 170 _sqq._
Gestr and the spae-wives, Icelandic story of, ii. 125 _sq._
Gewar, King of Norway, i. 103
Ghost, oracular, in a cave, ii. 312 _sq._
Ghosts extracted from wooden posts, i. 8;
fire used to get rid of, ii. 17 _sqq._;
mugwort a protection against, 59;
kept off by thorn bushes, 174 _sq._;
creeping through cleft sticks to escape from, 174 _sqq._
Giant who had no heart in his body, stories of the, ii. 96 _sqq._, 119
_sq._;
mythical, supposed to kill and resuscitate lads at initiation, 243
Giant-fennel burnt in Midsummer fire, i. 213
Giants of wicker-work at popular festivals in Europe, ii. 33 _sqq._;
burnt in the summer bonfires, 38
Giggenhausen, in Bavaria, burning the Easter Man at, i. 144
Gion shrine in Japan, i. 138
Gippsland, the Kurnai of, ii. 216
Giraldus Cambrensis on transformation of witches into hares, i. 315 _n._ 1
Girdle of wolf’s hide worn by were-wolves, i. 310 _n._ 1;
of St. John, mugwort, ii. 59
Girdles of mugwort worn on St. John’s Day or Eve as preservative against
backache, sore eyes, ghosts, magic, and sickness, ii. 59
Girkshausen, in Westphalia, the Yule log at, i. 248
Girl at puberty said to be wounded by a snake, i. 56;
to be swallowed by a serpent, 57
—— and boy produce need-fire by friction of wood, 281
Girls at puberty, secluded, i. 22 _sqq._;
not allowed to touch the ground, 22, 33, 35, 36, 60;
not allowed to see the sun, 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68;
not allowed to handle food, 23, 28, 36, 40 sq., 42; half buried in
ground, 38 _sqq._;
not allowed to scratch themselves with their fingers, 38, 39, 41, 42,
44, 47, 50, 53, 92;
not allowed to lie down, 44;
gashed on back, breast, and belly, 60;
stung by ants, 61;
beaten severely, 61, 66 _sq._;
supposed to be attacked by a demon, 67 _sq._;
not to see the sky, 69;
forbidden to break bones of hares, 73 _n._ 3
Gisors, crawling through a holed stone near, ii. 188
_Givoy agon_, living fire, made by the friction of wood, i. 220
Glamorgan, the Vale of, Beltane and Midsummer fires in the, i. 154;
Midsummer fires in, 201, 338
Glands, ashes of Yule log used to cure swollen, i. 251
Glanvil, Joseph, on a witch in the form of a cat, i. 317
Glass, the Magician’s or Druid’s, i. 16
Glatz, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 20 _n._
Glawi, in the Atlas, New Year fires at, i. 217
Glencuaich, the hawk of, in a Celtic tale, ii. 127 _sqq._
Glenorchy, the Beltane cake in, i. 149
“Glory, the Hand of,” mandragora, ii. 316
Gloucestershire, mistletoe growing on oaks in, ii. 316
Gnabaia, a spirit who swallows and disgorges lads at initiation, ii. 235
_Gnid-eld_, need-fire, i. 280
Goajiras of Colombia, their seclusion of girls at puberty, i. 34 _n._ 1
Goatsucker or fern owl, sex totem of women, ii. 217
God, Aryan, of the thunder and the oak, i. 265
—— on Earth, title of supreme chief of the Bushongo, ii. 264
Godolphin, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, i. 199
Gold, the flower of chicory to be cut with, ii. 71;
root of marsh mallow to be dug with, 80 _n._ 3;
buried, revealed by mistletoe and fern-seed, 287 _sqq._, 291
—— coin, magic plant to be dug up with a, ii. 57.
_See also_ Golden
Golden axe, sacred tamarisk touched with, ii. 80 _n._ 3
Golden Bough, the, ii. 279 _sqq._;
and the priest of Aricia, i. 1;
a branch of mistletoe, ii. 284 _sqq._, 315 _sqq._;
Virgil’s account of the, 284 _sq._, 286, 293 _sq._, 315 _sqq._;
origin of the name, 286 _sqq._
—— fish, girl’s external soul in a, ii. 147 _sq._, 220
—— knife, horse slain in sacrifice with a, ii. 80 _n._ 3
—— ring, half a hero’s strength in a, ii. 143
—— sickle, mistletoe cut by Druids with a, ii. 77, 88;
sacred olive at Olympia cut with a, 80 _n._ 3
Golden sword and golden arrow, external soul of a hero in a, ii. 145
Goldie, Rev. Hugh, on the _ukpong_ or external soul in Calabar, ii. 206
Goliath, effigy of, ii. 36
_Goluan_, Midsummer, i. 199
Good Friday, Judas driven out of church on, i. 146;
the divining-rod cut on, ii. 68 _n._ 4;
sick children passed through cleft trees on, 172
Goodrich-Freer, A., quoted, i. 154 _n._ 3
Googe, Barnabe, i. 124
Gooseberry bushes, wild, custom as to, ii. 48
Gorillas, lives of persons bound up with those of, ii. 202
Görz, belief as to witches at Midsummer about, ii. 75
Grain Coast, West Africa, initiation of girls on the, ii. 259
Grammont, in Belgium, festival of the “Crown of Roses” at, i. 195;
the Yule log at, 249
Granada (South America), youthful rulers secluded in, i. 19
Grand Halleux, bonfires at, i. 107
_Grannas-mias_, torches, i. 111
Granno, invocation of, i. 111 _sq._
_Granno-mio_, a torch, i. 111
Grannus, a Celtic deity, identified with Apollo, i. 111 _sq._
Grant, the great laird of, not exempt from witchcraft, i. 342 _n._ 4
Grass, ceremony to make grass plentiful, i. 136
Gratz, puppet burned on St. John’s Eve at, i. 173
Grave, dance at initiation in, ii. 237
Great Man, who created the world and comes down in the form of lightning,
ii. 298
Greece, Midsummer fires in, i. 211 _sq._;
mistletoe in, ii. 316, 317
Greek belief as to menstruous women, i. 98 _n._ 1
—— Church, ritual of the new fire at Easter in the, i. 128 _sq._
—— stories of girls who were forbidden to see the sun, i. 72 _sqq._;
of the external soul, ii. 103 _sqq._
Greeks deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, ii. 299
Green Wolf, Brotherhood of the, ii. 15 _n._;
at Jumièges in Normandy, i. 185 _sq._, ii. 25, 88
Greenlanders, their notion that women can conceive by the moon, i. 75
_sq._
Gregor, Rev. Walter, ii. 284 _n._ 1;
on virtue of children born feet foremost, i. 295 _n._ 3;
on the “quarter-ill,” 296 _n._ 1;
on the bewitching of cattle, 303
Greig, James S., ii. 187 _n._ 3
Greta, river in Yorkshire, i. 287
Grey, Sir George, on the _kobong_ or totem, ii. 219 _sq._
Grimm, J., on need-fire, i. 270 _n._, 272 _sq._;
on the relation of the Midsummer fires to Balder, ii. 87 _n._ 6;
on the sanctity of the oak, 89;
on the oak and lightning, 300
Grisons, threatening a mist in the, i. 280
Grizzly Bear clan, ii. 274
Groot, J. J. M. de, on mugwort in China, ii. 60
Grottkau, precautions against witches in, ii. 20 _n._
Ground, sacred persons not allowed to set foot on, i. 2 _sqq._;
not to sit on bare, 4, 5, 12;
girls at puberty not allowed to touch the, 22, 33, 35, 36, 60;
magical plants not to touch the, ii. 51;
mistletoe not allowed to touch the, 280
Grouse clan, ii. 273
Grove, Miss Florence, on withered mistletoe, ii. 287 _n._ 1
Grove, Balder’s, i. 104, ii. 315;
sacred grove of Nemi, 315;
soul of chief in sacred, 161.
_See also_ Arician
Grubb, Rev. W. B., i. 57 _n._ 1
Grün, in Bohemia, mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer at, ii. 58 _n._ 1
Guacheta in Colombia, i. 74
Guaranis of Brazil, their seclusion of girls at puberty, i. 56
Guaraunos of the Orinoco, uncleanness of menstruous women among the, i. 85
_sq._
Guardian angels, afterbirth and navel-string regarded as a man’s, ii. 162
_n._ 2
—— spirit, afterbirth and seed regarded as, ii. 223 _n._ 2;
acquired in a dream, 256 _sq._
Guatemala, the _nagual_ or external soul among the Indians of, ii. 212
_sq._
Guatusos of Costa Rica, use of bull-roarers among the, ii. 230 _n._
Guayquiries of the Orinoco, their beliefs as to menstruous women, i. 85
Guelphs, the oak of the, ii. 166
Guiana, British, the Macusis of, i. 60;
ordeals undergone by young men among the Indians of, 63 _sq._
——, French, the Wayanas of, i. 63
_Guizing_ at Christmas in Lerwick, i. 268 _sq._
Guleesh and the fairies at Hallowe’en, i. 277 _sq._
Gunn, David, kindles need-fire, i. 291
Guns fired to drive away witches, ii. 74
Gwalior, Holi fires in, ii. 2
Hadji Mohammad shoots a were-wolf, i. 312 _sq._
Haida Indians of Queen Charlotte Islands, girls at puberty secluded among
the, i. 44 _sq._
Hail, bonfires thought to protect fields against, i. 344;
ceremonies to avert, 144, 145;
Midsummer fires a protection against, 176;
mountain arnica a protection against, ii. 57 _sq._
—— and thunderstorms caused by witches, i. 344
Hainan, island, i. 137
Hainaut, province of Belgium, fire customs in, i. 108;
procession of giants in, ii. 36
Hair, unguent for, i. 14;
prohibition to cut, 28;
of girls at puberty shaved, 31, 56, 57, 59;
Hindoo ritual of cutting a child’s, 99 _n._ 2;
of the Virgin or St. John looked for in ashes of Midsummer fire, 182
_sq._, 190, 191;
external soul in, ii. 103 _sq._, 148;
strength of people bound up with their, 158 _sq._;
of criminals, witches, and wizards shorn to make them confess, 158
_sq._;
of children tied to trees, 165;
of novices cut at initiation, 245, 251
—— and nails of child buried under a tree, ii. 161
Hairy Stone, the, at Midsummer, i. 212
Halberstadt district, need-fire in the, i. 273
Hall, C. F., among the Esquimaux, i. 13, 134
——, Rev. G. R., quoted, i. 198
Hallowe’en, new fire at, in Ireland, i. 139;
an old Celtic festival of New Year, 224 _sqq._;
divination at, 225, 228 _sqq._;
witches, hobgoblins, and fairies let loose at, 226 _sqq._, 245;
witches and fairies active on, ii. 184 _n._ 4, 185
—— and Beltane, the two chief fire festivals of the British Celts, ii. 40
_sq._
—— cakes, i. 238, 241, 245
—— fires, i. 222 _sq._, 230 _sqq._;
in Wales, 156
Halmahera, rites of initiation in, ii. 248
Haltwhistle, in Northumberland, burnt sacrifice at, i. 301
Hamilton, Gavin, quoted, i. 47 _sq._
Hammocks, girls at puberty hung up in, i. 56, 59, 60, 61, 66
“Hand of Glory,” mandragora, ii. 316
Hannibal despoils the shrine on Soracte, ii. 15
Hanover, the need-fire in, i. 275;
Easter bonfires in, 140;
custom on St. John’s Day about, ii. 56
Hare, pastern bone of a, in a popular remedy, i. 17
Hares, witches in the form of, i. 157;
witches changed into, 315 _n._ 1, 316 _sqq._, ii. 41
Hares and witches in Yorkshire, ii. 197
Hareskin Tinneh, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, i. 48
Harris, Slope of Big Stones in, i. 227
Hartland, E. S., on the life-token, ii. 119 _n._
Haruvarus, degenerate Brahmans, their fire-walk, ii. 9
Harz district, Easter bonfires in the, i. 140;
Midsummer fires in the, 169
—— Mountains, Easter fires in the, i. 142;
need-fire in the, 276;
springwort in the, ii. 69 _sqq._
Hats, special, worn by girls at puberty, i. 45, 46, 47, 92.
_See also_ Hoods
Hausa story of the external soul, ii. 148 _sq._
Hawaiians, the New Year of the, ii. 244
Hawkweed gathered at Midsummer, ii. 57
Hawthorn, mistletoe on, ii. 315, 316
Haxthausen, A. von, i. 181
Hays of Errol, their fate bound up with an oak-tree and the mistletoe
growing on it, ii. 283 _sq._
Hazebrouch, in France, wicker giants on Shrove Tuesday at, ii. 35
Hazel, the divining-rod made of, ii. 67 _sq._;
never struck by lightning, 69 _n._
—— rods to drive cattle with, i. 204
Headache, cure for, i. 17;
mugwort a protection against, ii. 59
Headdress, special, worn by girls at first menstruation, i. 92
Headless Hugh, Highland story of, ii. 130 _sq._
—— horsemen in India, ii. 131 _n._ 1
Heads or faces of menstruous women covered, i. 22, 24, 25, 29, 31, 44
_sq._, 48 _sq._, 55, 90
Hearne, Samuel, quoted, i. 90 _sq._
Heart of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to appear,
i. 321 _sq._
Hearts of diseased cattle cut out and hung up as a remedy, i. 269 _n._ 1,
325
Heaven, the Queen of, ii. 303
—— and earth, between, i. 1 _sqq._, 98 _sq._
Hector, first chief of Lochbuy, ii. 131 _n._ 1
Heiberg, Sigurd K., i. 171 _n._ 3
Heifer sacrificed at kindling need-fire, i. 290
Helensburgh, in Dumbartonshire, Hallowe’en at, i. 237 _n._ 5
“Hell-gate of Ireland,” i. 226
Helmsdale, in Sutherland, need-fire at, i. 295
Helpful animals in fairy tales, ii. 107, 117, 120, 127 _sqq._, 130, 132,
133, 139 _n._ 2, 140 _sq._, 149
Hemlock branch, external soul of ogress in a, ii. 152
Hemlock branches, passing through a ring of, in time of sickness, ii. 186
—— stone in Nottinghamshire, i. 157
Hemorrhoids, root of orpine a cure for, ii. 62 _n._
Hemp, how to make hemp grow tall, i. 109;
leaping over the Midsummer bonfire to make the hemp grow tall, 166, 168
—— seed, divination by, i. 235, 241, 245
Hen and chickens imitated by a woman and her children at Christmas, i. 260
Henderson, William, on need-fire, i. 288 _sq._;
on a remedy for cattle-disease, 296 _n._ 1;
on burnt sacrifice of ox, 301
Hen’s egg, external soul of giant in a, ii. 140 _sq._
Henshaw, Richard, on external or bush souls in Calabar, ii. 205 _sq._
Hephaestus worshipped in Lemnos, i. 138
Herb, a magic, gathered at Hallowe’en, i. 228
—— of St. John, mugwort, ii. 58
Herbs thrown across the Midsummer fires, i. 182, 201;
wonderful, gathered on St. John’s Eve or Day, ii. 45 _sqq._;
of St. John, wonderful virtues ascribed to, 46
—— and flowers cast into the Midsummer bonfires, i. 162, 163, 172, 173
Hercules at Argyrus, temple of, i. 99 _n._ 3
Herdsmen dread witches and wolves, i. 343
Herefordshire, Midsummer fires in, i. 199;
the Yule log in, 257 _sq._
Herndon, W. L., quoted, i. 62 _n._ 3
Hernia, cure for, i. 98 _n._ 1
Herodias, cursed by Slavonian peasants, i. 345
Herrera, A. de, on _naguals_ among the Indians of Honduras, ii. 213 _sq._
Herrick, Robert, on the Yule log, i. 255
Herring, salt, divination by, i. 239
Herzegovina, the Yule log in, i. 263;
need-fire in, 288
Hesse, Lenten fire-custom in, i. 118;
Easter fires in, 140;
wells decked with flowers on Midsummer Day in, ii. 28
Hewitt, J. N. B., on need-fire of the Iroquois, i. 299 _sq._
Hiaina district of Morocco, ii. 51
Hidatsa Indians, their theory of the plurality of souls, ii. 221 _sq._
_Hieracium pilosella_, mouse-ear hawk-weed, gathered at Midsummer, ii. 57
Higgins, Rev. J. C., i. 207 _n._ 2
High Alps, department of the, Midsummer fires in the, ii. 39 _sq._
High Priest, the Fijian, ii. 245
Highland story of Headless Hugh, ii. 130 _sq._
Highlanders of Scotland, their medicinal applications of menstruous blood,
i. 98 _n._ 1;
their belief in the power of witches to destroy cattle, 343 _n._ 1;
their belief concerning snake stones, ii. 311
Highlands of Scotland, snake stones in the, i. 16;
Beltane fires in the, 146 _sqq._;
divination at Hallowe’en in the, 229, 234 _sqq._;
need-fire and Beltane fire kindled by the friction of oak in the, ii. 91
Hildesheim, Easter rites of fire and water at, i. 124;
Easter bonfires at, 141;
the need-fire at, 272 _sq._;
hawk-weed gathered on Midsummer Day at, ii. 57
Hill of the Fires in the Highlands of Scotland, i. 149
—— of Ward, in County Meath, i. 139
Himalayan districts, mistletoe in the, ii. 316
Hindoo maidens secluded at puberty, i. 68
—— marriage custom, i. 75
—— ritual, abstinence from salt in, i. 27;
as to cutting a child’s hair, 99 _n._ 2
—— stories of the external soul, ii. 97 _sqq._
—— use of menstruous fluid, i. 98 _n._ 1
—— women, their restrictions at menstruation, i. 84
Hindoos of Southern India, their Pongol festival, ii. 1;
of the Punjaub, their custom of passing unlucky children through narrow
openings, 190
Hippopotamus, external soul of chief in, ii. 200;
lives of persons bound up with those of hippopotamuses, 201, 202, 205,
209
Hirpi Sorani, their fire-walk, ii. 14 _sq._
Hlubi chief, his external soul in a pair of ox-horns, ii. 156
Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, on Hallowe’en in Wales, i. 239
Hogg, Alexander, i. 206
Hogmanay, the last day of the year, i. 224, 266
Hohenstaufen Mountains in Wurtemberg, Midsummer fires in the, i. 166
Hole in tongue of medicine-man, ii. 238, 239
Holed stones which people creep through as a cure, ii. 187 _sqq._
Holes in rocks or stones, sick people passed through, ii. 186 _sqq._
Holi, a festival of Northern India, ii. 2 _sq._
Holiness or taboo conceived as a dangerous physical substance which needs
to be insulated, i. 6 _sq._
Holland, Easter fires in, i. 145
Hollantide Eve (Hallowe’en) in the Isle of Man, i. 244
Hollertau, Bavaria, Easter fires in the, i. 122
Hollis, A. C., ii. 262 _n._ 2
Holly-tree, children passed through a cleft, ii. 169 _n._ 2
Holm-oak, the Golden Bough growing on a, ii. 285
Holy Apostles, church of the, at Florence, i. 126
—— Land, fire flints brought from the, i. 126
—— of Holies, the Fijian, ii. 244, 245
—— Sepulchre, church of the, at Jerusalem, ceremony of the new fire in
the, i. 128 _sq._
Homesteads protected by bonfires against lightning and conflagration, i.
344
Homoeopathic or imitative magic, i. 49, 133, ii. 287
Homoeopathy, magical, ii. 177
Homolje mountains in Servia, i. 282
Honduras, the _nagual_ or external soul among the Indians of, ii. 213
_sq._, 226 _n._ 1
Honorific totems of the Carrier Indians, ii. 273 _sqq._
Hoods worn by women after childbirth, i. 20;
worn by girls at puberty, 44 _sq._, 48 _sq._, 55;
worn by women at menstruation, 90.
_See also_ Hats
Hoop, crawling through a, as a cure or preventive of disease, ii. 184;
of rowan-tree, sheep forced through a, 184
Hoopoe brings the mythical springwort, ii. 70 _n._ 2
Horatius purified for the murder of his sister, ii. 194
Hornbeam, mistletoe on, ii. 315
Horse, the White, effigy carried through Midsummer fire, i. 203 _sq._;
witch in the shape of a, 319
—— sacrifice in ancient India, ii. 80 _n._ 3
Horse’s head thrown into Midsummer fire, ii. 40
Horse-chestnut, mistletoe on, ii. 315
Horses used by sacred persons, i. 4 _n._ 1;
not to be touched or ridden by menstruous women, 88 _sq._, 96;
driven through the need-fire, 276, 297
Hos, the, of Togoland (West Africa), their dread of menstruous women, i.
82
Hose, Dr. Charles, on creeping through a cleft stick after a funeral, ii.
175 _sq._
—— and W. McDougall, on the _ngarong_ or secret helper of the Ibans, ii.
224 _n._ 1
Hother, Hodr, or Hod, the blind god, and Balder, i. 101 _sqq._, ii. 279
_n._ 4
Hottentots drive their sheep through fire, ii. 11 _sqq._
House-communities of the Servians, i. 259 _n._ 1
Houses protected by bonfires against lightning and conflagration, i. 344;
made fast against witches on Midsummer Eve, ii. 73
“—— of the soul” in Isaiah, ii. 155 _n._ 3
Housman, Professor A. E., on the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, i.
220 _sq._
Houstry, in Caithness, need-fire at, i. 291 _sq._
Howitt, A. W., on seclusion of menstruous women, i. 78;
on killing a totem animal, ii. 220 _n._ 2;
on secrecy of totem names, 225 _n._;
on the drama of resurrection at initiation, 235 _sqq._
Howitt, Miss E. B., ii. 226 _n._ 1
Howth, the western promontory of, Midsummer fire on, i. 204
—— Castle, life-tree of the St. Lawrence family at, ii. 166
Huahine, one of the Tahitian islands, ii. 11 _n._ 3
Hudson Bay Territory, the Chippeways of, i. 90
Hughes, Miss E. P., on the fire-walk in Japan, ii. 10 _n._ 1
Human beings burnt in the fires, ii. 21 _sqq._
—— divinities put to death, i. 1 _sq._
—— sacrifices at fire-festivals, i. 106;
traces of, 146, 148, 150 _sqq._, 186, ii. 31;
offered by the ancient Germans, ii. 28 _n._ 1;
among the Celts of Gaul, 32 _sq._;
the victims perhaps witches and wizards, 41 _sqq._;
Mannhardt’s theory, 43
—— victims annually burnt, ii. 286 _n._ 2
Hungarian story of the external soul, ii. 140
Hungary, Midsummer fires in, i. 178 _sq._
Hunt, Holman, his picture of the new fire at Jerusalem, i. 130 _n._
Hunt, Robert, on burnt sacrifices, i. 303
Hunters avoid girls at puberty, i. 44, 46;
luck of, spoiled by menstruous women, 87, 89, 90, 91, 94
Huon Gulf in German New Guinea, ii. 239
Hupa Indians of California, seclusion of girls among the, i. 42
Hurons of Canada, custom of their women at menstruation, i. 88 _n._ 1
_Huskanaw_, initiatory ceremony of the Virginian Indians, ii. 266
Hut burnt at Midsummer, i. 215 _sq._
Hutchinson, W., quoted, i. 197 _n._ 4
Huts, special, for menstruous women, i. 79, 82, 85 _sqq._
Huzuls of the Carpathians kindle new fire at Christmas, i. 264;
gather simples on St. John’s Night, ii. 49
Hyaenas, men turned into, i. 313
_Hypericum perforatum_, St. John’s wort, gathered at Midsummer, ii. 54
_sqq._
_See also_ St. John’s Wort
_Hyphear_, a kind of mistletoe, ii. 317, 318
Hyrrockin, a giantess, i. 102
Ibans of Borneo, their _ngarong_ or secret helper, ii. 224 _n._ 1
Ibos of the Niger delta, their belief in external human souls lodged in
animals, ii. 203 _sq._
Ibrahim Pasha, i. 129
Icelandic stories of the external soul, ii. 123 _sqq._
Icolmkill, the hill of the fires in, i. 149
Ideler, L., on the Arab year before Mohammed, i. 217 _n._ 1
_Idhlozi_, ancestral spirit in serpent form, ii. 211
Iglulik, Esquimaux of, i. 134
Ilmenau, witches burnt at, i. 6
Iluvans of Malabar, marriage custom of, i. 5
Image of god carried through fire, ii. 4;
reason for carrying over a fire, 24
Images, colossal, filled with human victims and burnt, ii. 32 _sq._
Imitative magic, i. 329, ii. 231
Immortality, the burdensome gift of, i. 99 _sq._;
of the soul, experimental demonstration of the, ii. 276
Immortelles, wreaths of, on Midsummer Day, i. 177
Implements, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, i. 14 _sq._
Impregnation of women by the sun, i. 74 _sq._;
by the moon, 75 _sq._
“—— rite” at Hindoo marriages, i. 75
Inauguration of a king in Brahmanic ritual, i. 4
Inca, fast of the future, i. 19
Incas of Peru, their ceremony of the new fire, i. 132
Incantation recited at kindling need-fire, i. 290
Inconsistency and vagueness of primitive thought, ii. 301 _sq._
India, seclusion of girls at puberty in, i. 68 _sqq._;
fire-festivals in, ii. 1 _sqq._;
sixty years’ cycle in, 77 _n._ 1;
the horse-sacrifice in ancient, 80 _n._ 3;
torture of suspected witches in, 159;
ancient, traditional cure of skin disease in, 192;
_Loranthus_ in, 317
Indian Archipelago, birth-custom in the, ii. 155
—— legend parallel to Balder myth, ii. 280
Indians of Costa Rica, their customs in fasts, i. 20
—— of Granada seclude their future rulers, i. 19
Indians of North America, not allowed to sit on bare ground in war, i. 5;
seclusion of girls among the, 41 _sqq._;
imitate lightning by torches, 340 _n._ 1;
rites of initiation into religious associations among the, ii. 267
_sqq._
“Index of Superstitions,” i. 270
Indra and Apala, in the Rigveda, ii. 192
—— and the demon Namuci, Indian legend of, ii. 280
Indrapoora, story of the daughter of a merchant of, ii. 147
Infants tabooed, i. 5, 20
Ingleborough in Yorkshire, i. 288
Ingleton, in Yorkshire, need-fire at, i. 288
Ingniet or Ingiet, a secret society of New Britain, ii. 156
Initiation, rites in German New Guinea, ii. 193;
at puberty, pretence of killing the novice and bringing him to life
again during, 225 _sqq._;
in Australia, 227, 233 _sqq._;
in New Guinea, 239 _sqq._;
in Fiji, 243 _sqq._;
in Rook, 246;
in New Britain, 246 _sq._;
in Halmahera, 248;
in Fiji apparently intended to introduce the novices to the worshipful
spirits of the dead, 246;
in Ceram, 249 _sqq._;
in Africa, 251 _sqq._;
in North America, 266 _sqq._
—— of young men, bull-roarers sounded at the, ii. 227 _sqq._, 233 _sqq._;
of a medicine-man in Australia, 237 _sqq._
Inn, effigies burnt at Midsummer in the valley of the river, i. 172 _sq._
Innerste, river, i. 124
Innuits (Esquimaux), i. 14
Insanity, burying in an ant-hill as a cure for, i. 64
Inspired men walk through fire unharmed, ii. 5 _sq._
Insulation of women at menstruation, i. 97
Interpretation of the fire-festivals, i. 328 _sqq._, ii. 15 _sqq._
Inverness-shire, Beltane cakes in, i. 153
Invulnerability conferred by a species of mistletoe, ii. 79 _sq._;
conferred by decoction of a parasitic orchid, 81;
of Balder, 94;
attained through blood-brotherhood with animal, 201;
thought to be attained through initiation, 275 _sq._, 276 _n._ 1
Invulnerable warlock or giant, stories of the, ii. 97 _sqq._
Ipswich witches, i. 304 _sq._
Iran, marriage custom in, i. 75
Ireland, the Druid’s Glass in, i. 16;
new fire at Hallowe’en in, 139, 225;
Beltane fires in, 157 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, 201 _sqq._;
fairies at Hallowe’en in, 226 _sq._;
Hallowe’en customs in, 241 _sq._;
witches as hares in, 315 _n._ 1;
bathing at Midsummer in, ii. 29;
cure for whooping-cough in, 192 _n._ 1
Irish story of the external soul, ii. 132
Iron not to be used in digging fern root, ii. 65;
mistletoe gathered without the use of, 78;
not to be used in cutting certain plants, 81 _n._;
custom observed by the Toradjas at the working of, 154
Iron-wort, bunches of, held in the smoke of the Midsummer fires, i. 179
Iroquois, ceremony of the new fire among the, i. 133 _sq._;
need-fire among the, 299 _sq._
Isaiah, “houses of the soul” in, ii. 155 _n._ 3
Isfendiyar and Rustem, i. 104 _sq._, 314
Island, need-fire kindled in an, i. 290 _sq._, 291 _sq._
Isle de France, Midsummer giant burnt in, ii. 38
—— of Man, Beltane fires in the, i. 157.
_See_ Man, Isle of
Istria, the Croats of, ii. 75
Italian stories of the external soul, ii. 105, _sqq._;
ancient practice of passing conquered enemies under a yoke, 193 _sq._
Italians, the oak the chief sacred tree among the ancient, ii. 89
Italy, birth-trees in, ii. 165;
mistletoe in, 316, 317
_Itongo_, plural _amatongo_, ii. 202 _n._
Ivory Coast, totemism among the Siena of the, ii. 220 _n._ 2
Ivy to dream on, i. 242
_Ixia_, a kind of mistletoe, ii. 317, 318
Jablanica, need-fire at, i. 286
Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 37
Jaffa, new Easter fire carried to, i. 130 _n._
Jakkaneri, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire-walk at, ii. 9
James, M. R., on the Sibyl’s Wish, i. 100 _n._
James and Philip, the Apostles, feast of, i. 158
Jamieson, J., on the “quarter-ill,” i. 296 _n._ 1
January, the Holi festival in, ii. 1;
the fire-walk in, 8
—— the sixth, the nativity of Christ on, i. 246
Janus and Jupiter, ii. 302 _n._ 2
Japan, the Ainos of, i. 20, ii. 60;
the fire-walk in, 9 _sq._
Japanese ceremony of new fire, i. 137 _sq._
Java, birth-trees in, ii. 161 _n._ 1
Jebel Bela mountain, in the Sudan, i. 313
Jerusalem, ceremony of the new fire, at Easter in, i. 128 _sq._
Jeugny, the forest of, ii. 316
Jevons, Dr. F. B., on the Roman _genius_, ii. 212 _n._
Jewitt, John R., on ritual of mimic death among the Nootka Indians, ii.
270
_Johanniswurzel_, the male fern, ii. 66
Johnstone, Rev. A., quoted, i. 233
_Jônee_, _joanne_, _jouanne_, the Midsummer fire (the fire of St. John),
i. 189
Joyce, P. W., on driving cattle through fires, i. 159 _n._ 2;
on the bisection of the Celtic year, 223 _n._ 2
Judas, effigies of, burnt in Easter fires, i. 121, 127 _sq._, 130 _sq._,
143, 146, ii. 23;
driven out of church on Good Friday, i. 146
—— candle, i. 122 _n._
—— fire at Easter, i. 123, 144
Julian calendar used by Mohammedans, i. 218 _sq._
July, procession of giants at Douay in, ii. 33
—— the twenty-fifth, St. James’s Day, flower of chicory cut on, ii. 71
Jumièges, in Normandy, Brotherhood of the Green Wolf at, i. 185 _sq._, ii.
25
Jumping over a wife, significance of, i. 23
June, the fifteenth of, St. Vitus’s Day, i. 335
—— the fire-walk in, ii. 6
Juniper burnt in need-fire, i. 288;
used to fumigate byres, 296
Juno and Diana, ii. 302 _n._ 2
Jupiter represented by an oak-tree on the Capitol, ii. 89;
perhaps personified by the King of the Wood, the priest of Diana at
Nemi, 302 _sq._;
Jupiter and Janus, 302 _n._ 2
——, cycle of sixty years based on the sidereal revolution of the planet,
ii. 77 _n._ 1
Jura, fire-custom at Lent in the, i. 114
—— Mountains, Midsummer bonfires in the, i. 188 _sq._;
the Yule log in the, 249
Jurby, parish of, in the Isle of Man, i. 305
Jutland, sick children and cattle passed through holes in turf in, ii.
191;
superstitions about a parasitic rowan in, 281
_Ka_, external soul or double in ancient Egypt, ii. 157 _n._ 2
Kabadi, a district of British New Guinea, i. 35
Kabenau river, in German New Guinea, ii. 193
Kabyle tale, milk-tie in a, ii. 138 _n._ 1;
the external soul in a, 139
Kahma, in Burma, annual extinction of fires in, i. 136
Kai of New Guinea, their seclusion of women at menstruation, i. 79;
their use of a cleft stick as a cure, ii. 182;
their rites of initiation, 239 _sqq._
Kail, divination by stolen, i. 234 _sq._
Kakian association in Ceram, rites of initiation in the, ii. 249 _sqq._
Kalmuck story of the external soul, ii. 142
Kamenagora in Croatia, Midsummer fires at, i. 178
Kamtchatkans, their purification after a death, ii. 178
Kanna district, Northern Nigeria, ii. 210
Kappiliyans of Madura, their seclusion of girls at puberty, i. 69
Karens of Burma, their custom at childbirth, ii. 157
Kasai River, ii. 264
Katajalina, a spirit who eats up boys at initiation and restores them to
life, ii. 234
Katrine, Loch, i. 231
Kauffmann, Professor F., i. 102 _n._ 1, 103 _n._;
on the external soul, ii. 97 _n._
Kaupole, a Midsummer pole in Eastern Prussia, ii. 49
Kawars, of India, their cure for fever, ii. 190
Kaya-Kaya or Tugeri of Dutch New Guinea, their use of bull-roarers, ii.
242
Kayans or Bahaus of Central Borneo, i. 4 _sq._;
custom observed by them after a funeral, ii. 175 _sq._;
their way of giving the slip to a demon, 179
Keating, Geoffrey, Irish historian, quoted, i. 139;
on the Beltane fires, 158
Keating, W. H., quoted, i. 89
Kei Islands, birth-custom in the, ii. 155
Keitele, Lake, in Finland, ii. 165
Kemble, J. M., on need-fire, i. 288
Kerry, Midsummer fires in, i. 203
_Kersavondblok_, the Yule log, i. 249
_Kersmismot_, the Yule log, i. 249
Khambu caste in Sikkhim, their custom after a funeral, ii. 18
Kharwars of Mirzapur, their dread of menstruous women, i. 84
Khasis of Assam, story of the external soul told by the, i. 146 _sq._
Khnumu, Egyptian god, fashions a wife for Bata, ii. 135
Khonds, human sacrifices among the, ii. 286 _n._ 2
Kia blacks of Queensland, their treatment of girls at puberty, i. 39
Kidd, Dudley, on external souls of chiefs, ii. 156 _n._ 2
Kildare, Midsummer fires in, i. 203
Kilkenny, Midsummer fires in, i. 203
Killin, the hill of the fires at, i. 149
Killing a totem animal, ii. 220
—— the novice and bringing him to life again at initiation, pretence of,
ii. 225
King, nominal, chosen at Midsummer, i. 194, ii. 25;
presides at summer bonfire, 38
—— and Queen of Roses, i. 195
—— of the Bean, i. 153 _n._ 3
—— of Summer chosen on St. Peter’s Day, i. 195
—— of the Wood at Nemi put to death, i. 2;
in the Arician grove a personification of an oak-spirit, ii. 285;
the priest of Diana at Aricia, perhaps personified Jupiter, 302 _sq._
_See also_ Kings
Kingaru, clan of the Wadoe, ii. 313
Kings, sacred or divine, put to death, i. 1 _sq._;
subject to taboos, 2
—— and priests, their sanctity analogous to the uncleanness of women at
menstruation, i. 97 _sq._
—— of Uganda, their life bound up with barkcloth trees, ii. 160
_Kings, The Epic of_, i. 104
Kingsley, Miss Mary H., on external or bush souls, ii. 204 _sq._;
on rites of initiation in West Africa, 259
Kingussie, in Inverness-shire, Beltane cakes at, i. 153
Kinship created by the milk-tie, ii. 138 _n._ 1
Kirchmeyer, Thomas, author of _Regnum Papisticum_, i. 124, 125 _n._ 1;
his account of Midsummer customs, 162 _sq._
Kirghiz story of girl who might not see the sun, i. 74
Kirk Andreas, in the Isle of Man, i. 306
Kirkmichael, in Perthshire, Beltane fires and cakes at, i. 153
Kirton Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, i. 318;
medical use of mistletoe at, ii. 84
Kitching, Rev. A. L., on cure for lightning stroke, ii. 298 _n._ 2
Kiwai, island off New Guinea, use of bull-roarers in, ii. 232
Kiziba, to the west of Victoria Nyanza, theory of the afterbirth in, ii.
162 _n._ 2
Kloo, in the Queen Charlotte Islands, i. 45
Knawel, St. John’s blood on root of, ii. 56
Knife, divination by, i. 241;
soul of child bound up with, ii. 157;
“Darding Knife,” honorific totem of the Carrier Indians, 273, 274 _sq._
_Kobong_, totem, in Western Australia, ii. 219 _sq._
Köhler, Joh., lights need-fire and burnt as a witch, i. 270 _sq._
Köhler, Reinhold, on the external soul in folk-tales, ii. 97 _n._
Kolelo, in East Africa, ii. 313
Konz on the Moselle, custom of rolling a burning wheel down hill at, i.
118, 163 _sq._, 337 _sq._
Kooboos of Sumatra, their theory of the afterbirth and navel-string, ii.
162 _n._ 2
Koppenwal, church of St. Corona at, ii. 188 _sq._
Koran, passage of, used as a charm, i. 18
Koryaks, their festivals of the dead and subsequent purification, ii. 178;
their custom in time of pestilence, 179
Koshchei the Deathless, Russian story of, ii. 108 _sqq._
Koskimo Indians of British Columbia, use of bull-roarers among the, ii.
229 _n._
Kreemer, J., on the Looboos of Sumatra, ii. 182 _sq._
Kroeber, A. L., quoted, i. 41 _sq._
Kruijt, A. C., on Toradja custom as to the working of iron, ii. 154 _n._ 3
_Kuga_, an evil spirit, i. 282
Kuhn, Adalbert, on need-fire, i. 273;
on Midsummer fire, 335;
on the divining-rod, ii. 67
Kühnau, R., on precautions against witches in Silesia, ii. 20 _n._
Kukunjevac, in Slavonia, need-fire at, i. 282
Kulin nation of South-Eastern Australia, sex totems in the, ii. 216
—— tribe of Victoria, ii. 226 _n._ 1
Kumaon, in North-West India, the Holi festival in, ii. 2
Kupalo, image of, burnt or thrown into stream on St. John’s Night, i. 176;
effigy of, carried across fire and thrown into water, ii. 5, 23
Kupalo’s Night, Midsummer Eve, i. 175, 176
Kurnai, a tribe of Gippsland, sex totems and fights concerning them among
the, ii. 215 _n._ 1, 216
Küstendil, in Bulgaria, need-fire at, i. 281
Kwakiutl, Indians of British Columbia, their story of an ogress whose life
was in a hemlock branch, ii. 152;
pass through a hemlock ring in time of epidemic, 186
Kylenagranagh, the hill of, in Ireland, i. 324
La Manche, in Normandy, Lenten fire-custom in, i. 115
La Paz, in Bolivia, Midsummer fires at, i. 213;
Midsummer flowers at, ii. 50 _sq._
Lacaune, belief as to mistletoe at, ii. 83
Lachlan River, in Australia, ii. 233
Lachlins of Rum and deer, superstition concerning, ii. 284
Ladyday, ii. 282
Lahn, the Yule log in the valley of the, i. 248
Lamb burnt alive to save the rest of the flock, i. 301
Lammas, the first of August, superstitious practice at, i. 98 _n._ 1
_Lamoa_, gods in Poso, ii. 154
Lancashire, Hallowe’en customs in, i. 244 _sq._
Landak, district of Dutch Borneo, i. 5, ii. 164
Lanercost, Chronicle of, i. 286
Lang, Andrew, on the fire-walk, ii. 2 _n._ 1;
on the bull-roarer, 228 _n._ 2
Language of animals learned by means of fern-seed, ii. 66 _n._
_L’ánṣăra_ (_El Anṣarah_), Midsummer Day in North Africa, i. 213, 214 _n._
Lanyon, in Cornwall, holed stone near, ii. 187
Laon, Midsummer fires near, i. 187
Laos, custom of elephant hunters in, i. 5;
the natives of, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, ii. 222
Lapps, their rule as to menstruous women, i. 91;
their story of the external soul, ii. 140 _sq._;
their custom of shooting arrows at skin of dead bear, 280 _n._
Larkspur, looking at Midsummer bonfires through bunches of, i. 163, 165
_sq._
Larrakeeyah tribe of South Australia, their treatment of girls at puberty,
i. 38
Laurus and Florus, feast of, on August 18th, i. 220
Lausitz, Midsummer fires in, i. 170;
marriage oaks in, ii. 165
Lawgivers, ancient, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, i. 95
_sq._
Lead, melted, divination by, i. 242
Leaf-clad mummer on Midsummer Day, ii. 25 _sq._
Leaping over bonfires to ensure good crops, i. 107;
as a preventive of colic, 107, 195 _sq._, 344;
to make the flax grow tall, 119, 165, 166, 166 _sq._, 168, 173, 174,
337;
to ensure a happy marriage, 107, 108;
to ensure a plentiful harvest, 155, 156;
to be free from backache at reaping, 165, 168;
as a preventive of fever, 166, 173, 194;
for luck, 171, 189;
in order to be free from ague, 174;
in order to marry and have many children, 204, 338 _sq._;
as cure of sickness, 214;
to procure offspring, 214, 338;
over ashes of fire as remedy for skin diseases, ii. 2;
after a burial to escape the ghost, 18;
a panacea for almost all ills, 20;
as a protection against witchcraft, 40
Leaping of women over the Midsummer bonfires to ensure an easy delivery,
i. 194, 339
Leaps of lovers over the Midsummer bonfires, i. 165, 166, 168, 174
Leather, Mrs. Ella Mary, on the Yule log, i. 257 _sq._
Lebanon, peasants of the, their dread of menstruous women, i. 83 _sq._
Lech, Midsummer fires in the valley of the, i. 166
Lechrain, the divining rod in, ii. 68
Lecky, W. E. H., on the treatment of magic and witchcraft by the Christian
Church, ii. 42 _n._ 2
Lee, the laird of, his “cureing stane,” i. 325
_Leeting_ the witches, i. 245
Legends of persons who could not die, i. 99 _sq._
Legs and thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, i. 296
_n._ 1, 325
Leine, river, i. 124
Leinster, Midsummer fires in, i. 203
Leitrim, Midsummer fires in County, i. 203;
divination at Hallowe’en in, 242;
need-fire in, 297;
witch as hare in, 318
Lemnos, worship of Hephaestus in, i. 138
Lemon, external souls of ogres in a, ii. 102
Lengua Indians of the Paraguayan Chaco, i. 75 _n._ 2;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, 56;
masquerade of boys among, 57 _n._ 1
Lent, the first Sunday in, fire-festival on, i. 107 _sqq._;
bonfires on, 107 _sqq._
Lenten fires, i. 106 _sqq._
Lenz, H. O., on ancient names for mistletoe, ii. 318
Leobschütz, in Silesia, Midsummer fires at, i. 170
Leonard, Major A. G., on souls of people in animals, ii. 206 _n._ 2
Leopard the commonest familiar of Fan wizards, ii. 202
Leopards, lives of persons bound up with those of, ii. 201, 202, 203, 204,
205, 206;
external human souls in, 207
Lerwick, Christmas _guizing_ at, i. 268 _sq._;
procession with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at, 268;
celebration of Up-helly-a’ at, 269 _n._ 1
Lesachthal (Carinthia), new fire at Easter in the, i. 124
Lesbos, fires on St. John’s Eve in, i. 211 _sq._
Leslie, David, on Caffre belief as to spirits of the dead incarnate in
serpents, ii. 211 _n._ 2, 212 _n._
L’Étoile, Lenten fires at, i. 113
Lettermore Island, Midsummer fires in, i. 203
Letts of Russia, Midsummer fires among the, i. 177 _sq._;
gather aromatic plants on Midsummer Day, ii. 50
Lewis, Professor W. J., i. 127 _n._ 1
Lewis, island of, custom of fiery circle in the, i. 151 _n._;
need-fire in the, 293
_Lexicon Mythologicum_, author of, on the Golden Bough, ii. 284 _n._ 3
Lhwyd, Edward, on snake stones, i. 16 _n._ 1
License, annual period of, i. 135;
at Midsummer festival, 180, 339
Liège, Lenten fires near, i. 108
Lierre, in Belgium, the witches’ Sabbath at, ii. 73
Life of community bound up with life of divine king, i. 1 _sq._;
the water of, ii. 114 _sq._;
of woman bound up with ornament, 156;
of a man bound up with the capital of a column, 156 _sq._;
of a man bound up with fire in hut, 157;
of child bound up with knife, 157;
of children bound up with trees, 160 _sqq._;
the divisibility of, 221.
_See also_ Soul
—— -indices, trees and plants as, ii. 160 _sqq._
—— -tokens in fairy tales, ii. 118 _n._ 1
—— -tree of the Manchu dynasty at Peking, ii. 167 _sq._
—— -trees of kings of Uganda, ii. 160
Ligho, a heathen deity of the Letts, i. 177, 178 _n._ 1
Light, girls at puberty not allowed to see the, i. 57;
external soul of witch in a, ii. 116
Lightning, charred sticks of Easter fire used as a talisman against, i.
121, 124, 140 _sq._, 145, 146;
the Easter candle a talisman against, 122;
brands of the Midsummer bonfires a protection against, 166 _n._ 1, 183;
flowers thrown on roofs at Midsummer as a protection against, 169;
charred sticks of bonfires a protection against, 174, 187, 188, 190;
ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, 187, 188, 190;
torches interpreted as imitations of, 340 _n._ 1;
bonfires a protection against, 344;
a magical coal a protection against, ii. 61;
pine-tree struck by, used to make bull-roarer, 231;
superstitions about trees struck by, 296 _sqq._;
thought to be caused by a great bird, 297;
strikes oaks oftener than any other tree of the European forests, 298
_sq._;
regarded as a god descending out of heaven, 298;
mode of treating persons who have been struck by, 298 _n._ 2;
places struck by lightning enclosed and deemed sacred, 299.
_See also_ Thunder
Lightning and thunder, the Yule log a protection against, i. 248, 249,
250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264;
mountain arnica a protection against, ii. 57 _sq._
Lillooet Indians of British Columbia, seclusion of girls at puberty among
the, i. 52 _sq._
Limburg, processions, with torches in, i. 107 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, 194;
the Yule log in, 249
Lime-kiln in divination, i. 235, 243
—— -tree, the bloom of the, gathered at Midsummer, ii. 49;
mistletoe on limes, 315, 316
—— -wood used to kindle need-fire, i. 281, 283, 286
Lincolnshire, the Yule log in, i. 257;
witches as cats and hares in, 318;
calf buried to stop a murrain in, 326;
mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy and St. Vitus’s dance in, ii. 83 _sq._
Lindenbrog, on need-fire, i. 335 _n._ 1
Lint seed, divination by, i. 235
Liongo, an African Samson, ii. 314
Lion, the sun in the sign of the, ii. 66 _sq._
Lismore, witch as hare in, i. 316 _sq._
Lithuania, Midsummer fires in, i. 176;
sanctuary at Romove in, ii. 91
Lithuanians, their custom before first ploughing in spring, i. 18;
their worship of the oak, ii. 89;
their story of the external soul, 113 _sqq._
Lives of a family bound up with a fish, ii. 200;
with a cat, 150 _sq._
Living fire made by friction of wood, i. 220;
the need-fire, 281, 286
Livonia, story of a were-wolf in, i. 308
Livonians cull simples on Midsummer Day, ii. 49 _sq._
Lizard, external soul in, ii. 199 _n._ 1;
sex totem in the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, 216;
said to have divided the sexes in the human species, 216
Loaf thrown into river Neckar on St. John’s Day, ii. 28
Loango, rule as to infants in, i. 5;
girls secluded at puberty in, 22
Loch Katrine, i. 231
—— Tay, i. 232
Lock and key in a charm, i. 283
Locks opened by springwort, ii. 70;
and by the white flower of chicory, 71;
mistletoe a master-key to open all, 85
Locust, a Batta totem, ii. 223
Log, the Yule, i. 247 _sqq._
Logierait, in Perthshire, Beltane festival in, i. 152 _sq._;
Hallowe’en fires in, 231 _sq._
Loiret, Lenten fires in the department of, i. 114
Loki and Balder, i. 101 _sq._
Lokoja on the Niger, ii. 209
Lombardy, belief as to the “oil of St. John” on St. John’s Morning in, ii.
82 _sq._
London, the immortal girl of, i. 99;
Midsummer fires in, 196 _sq._
Longridge Fell, _leeting_ the witches at, i. 245
Looboos of Sumatra creep through a cleft rattan to escape a demon, ii. 182
_sq._
Looking at bonfires through mugwort a protection against headache and sore
eyes, ii. 59
_Loranthus europaeus_, a species of mistletoe, ii. 315, 317 _sqq._;
called “oak mistletoe” (_visco quercino_) in Italy, 317
—— _vestitus_, in India, ii. 317
Lord of the Wells at Midsummer, ii. 28
Lorne, the Beltane cake in, i. 149
Lorraine, Midsummer fires in, i. 169;
the Yule log in, 253;
Midsummer customs in, ii. 47
Loudoun, in Ayrshire, i. 207
Louis XIV. at Midsummer bonfire in Paris, ii. 39
Love-charm of arrows, i. 14
Lovers leap over the Midsummer bonfires, i. 165, 166, 168, 174
Low Countries, the Yule log in the, i. 249
Lowell, Percival, his fire-walk, ii. 10 _n._ 1
Lübeck, church of St. Mary at, i. 100
Lucerne, Lenten fire-custom in the canton of, i. 118 _sq._;
bathing at Midsummer in, ii. 30
Luchon, in the Pyrenees, serpents burnt alive at the Midsummer festival
in, ii. 38 _sq._, 43
Lucian, on the Platonic doctrine of the soul, ii. 221 _n._ 1
Luck, leaping over the Midsummer fires for good, i. 171, 189
Luckiness of the right hand, i. 151
Lunar calendar of Mohammedans, i. 216 _sq._, 218 _sq._
Lungs or liver of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to
appear, i. 321 _sq._
Lushais of Assam, sick children passed through a coil among the, ii. 185
_sq._
Lussac, in Poitou, Midsummer fires at, i. 191
Luther, Martin, burnt in effigy at Midsummer, i. 167, 172 _sq._, ii. 23
Luxemburg, “Burning the Witch” in, ii. 116
_Lythrum salicaria_, purple loosestrife, gathered at Midsummer, ii. 65
Mabuiag, seclusion of girls at puberty in, i. 36 _sq._;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, 78 _sq._;
girls at puberty in, 92 _n._ 1;
belief as to a species of mistletoe in, ii. 79
Mac Crauford, the great arch witch, i. 293
Macassar in Celebes, magical unguent in, i. 14
Macdonald, Rev. James, on the story of Headless Hugh, ii. 131 _n._ 1;
on external soul in South Africa, 156
Macdonell, A. A., on Agni, ii. 296
McDougall, W., and C. Hose, on creeping through a cleft stick after a
funeral, ii. 176 _n._ 1
Macedonia, Midsummer fires among the Greeks of, i. 212;
bonfires on August 1st in, 220;
need-fire among the Serbs of Western, 281;
St. John’s flower at Midsummer in, ii. 50
Macedonian peasantry burn effigies of Judas at Easter, i. 131
McGregor, A. W., on the rite of new birth among the Akikuyu, ii. 263
Mackay, Alexander, on need-fire, i. 294 _sq._
Mackays, sept of the “descendants of the seal,” ii. 131 _sq._
Mackenzie, E., on need-fire, i. 288
Mackenzie, Sheriff David J., i. 268 _n._ 1
Macphail, John, on need-fire, i. 293 _sq._
Macusis of British Guiana, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, i. 60
Madangs of Borneo, custom observed by them after a funeral, ii. 175 _sq._
Madern, parish of, Cornwall, holed stone in, ii. 187
Madonie Mountains, in Sicily, Midsummer fires on the, i. 210
Madras Presidency, the fire-walk in the, ii. 6
Madura, the Kappiliyans of, i. 69;
the Parivarams of, 69
Maeseyck, processions with torches at, i. 107 _sq._
Magic, homoeopathic or imitative, i. 49, 133, 329, ii. 231, 287;
dwindles into divination, i. 336;
movement of thought from magic through religion to science, ii. 304
_sq._
Magic and ghosts, mugwort a protection against, ii. 59
—— and science, different views of natural order postulated by the two,
ii. 305 _sq._
—— flowers of Midsummer Eve, ii. 45 _sqq._
Magical bone in sorcery, i. 14
—— implements not allowed to touch the ground, i. 14 _sq._
—— influence of medicine-bag, ii. 268
—— virtues of plants at Midsummer apparently derived from the sun, ii. 71
_sq._
Magician’s apprentice, Danish story of the, ii. 121 _sqq._
—— Glass, the, i. 16
Magyars, Midsummer fires among the, i. 178 _sq._;
stories of the external soul among the, ii. 139 _sq._
_Mahabharata_, Draupadi and her five husbands in the, ii. 7
“Maiden-flax” at Midsummer, ii. 48
Maidu Indians of California, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, i.
42;
their notion as to fire in trees, ii. 295;
their idea of lightning, 298
Maimonides, on the seclusion of menstruous women, i. 83
Makalanga, a Bantu tribe, i. 135 _n._ 2
_Makral_, “the witch,” i. 107
Malabar, the Iluvans of, i. 5;
the Tiyans of, 68
Malassi, a fetish in West Africa, ii. 256
Malay belief as to sympathetic relation between man and animal, ii. 197
—— story of the external soul, ii. 147 _sq._
Malayo-Siamese families of the Patani States, their custom as to the
afterbirth, ii. 163 _sq._
Malays of the Peninsula, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, ii. 222
Male and female souls in Chinese philosophy, ii. 221
Malkin Tower, witches at the, i. 245
Malta, fires on St. John’s Eve in, i. 210 _sq._
_Malurus cyaneus_, superb warbler, women’s “sister,” among the Kurnai, ii.
216
Man and animal, sympathetic relation between, ii. 272 _sq._
Man, the Isle of, Midsummer fires in, i. 201, 337;
old New Year’s Day in, 224 _sq._;
Hallowe’en customs in, 243 _sq._;
bonfires on St. Thomas’s Day in, 266;
cattle burnt alive to stop a murrain in, 325 _sqq._;
mugwort gathered on Midsummer Eve in, ii. 59.
_See also_ Isle of Man
Manchu dynasty, the life-tree of the, ii. 167 _sq._
Mandragora, “the hand of glory,” ii. 316
Mang’anje woman, her external soul, ii. 157
Mango tree, festival of wild, i. 7 _sqq._;
ceremony for the fertilization of the, 10
_Manitoo_, personal totem, ii. 273 _n._ 1
Mannhardt, W., on fire-customs, i. 106 _n._ 3;
on burning leaf-clad representative of spirit of vegetation, 25;
his theory that the fires of the fire-festivals are charms to secure
sunshine, 329, 331 _sqq._;
on torches as imitations of lightning, 340 _n._ 1;
on the Hirpi Sorani, ii. 15 _n._;
on the human victims sacrificed by the Celts, 33;
his theory of the Druidical sacrifices, 43;
his solar theory of the bonfires at the European fire-festivals, 72;
on killing a cock on the harvest-field, 280 _n._
_Mantis religiosus_, a totem, ii. 248 _n._
Manu, Hindoo lawgiver, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, i. 95;
the Laws of, on the three births of the Aryan, ii. 276 _sq._
Manx mummers at Hallowe’en, i. 224
Maoris, birth-trees among the, ii. 163
Mara tribe of Northern Australia, initiation of medicine-men in the, ii.
239
_Marake_, an ordeal of being stung by ants and wasps, i. 63 _sq._
Marcellus of Bordeaux, his medical treatise, i. 17
March, the month of, the fire-walk in, ii. 6;
mistletoe cut at the full moon of, 84, 86
—— moon, woodbine cut in the increase of the, ii. 184
_Margas_, exogamous totemic clans of the Battas of Sumatra, ii. 222 _sq._
Marilaun, A. Kerner von, on mistletoe, ii. 318 _n._ 6
Marjoram burnt at Midsummer, i. 214;
gathered at Midsummer, ii. 51;
a talisman against witchcraft, 74
Mark of Brandenburg, need-fire in the, i. 273;
simples culled at Midsummer in the, ii. 48;
St. John’s blood in the, 56;
the divining-rod in the, 67
Marotse. _See_ Barotse
Marquesas Islands, the fire-walk in the, ii. 11
Marriage, leaping over bonfires to ensure a happy, i. 107, 108, 110;
omens of, drawn from Midsummer bonfires, 168, 174, 178, 185, 189;
omens of, drawn from bonfires, 338 _sq._;
omens of, from flowers, ii. 52 _sq._, 61;
oak-trees planted at, 165
Married, the person last, lights the bonfire, i. 107, 109, 111, 119, 339;
young man last married provides wheel to be burnt, 116;
the person last married officiates at Midsummer fire, 192;
men married within the year collect fuel for Midsummer fire, 192 _sq._;
married men kindle need-fire, 289;
last married bride made to leap over bonfire, ii. 22
Mars and Silvia, ii. 105
Marsaba, a devil who swallows lads at initiation, ii. 246
Marseilles, drenching people with water at Midsummer in, i. 193;
Midsummer king of the double-axe at, 194;
the Yule log at, 250;
Midsummer flowers at, ii. 46
Marshall Islands, belief in the external soul in the, ii. 200
Marsi, the ancient, i. 209
Martin of Urzedow, i. 177
Martin, M., on _dessil_ (_deiseal_), i. 151 _n._;
on need-fire, 289
Marwaris, of India, Holi festival among the, ii. 2 _sq._
Marxberg, the, on the Moselle, i. 118
Masai, peace-making ceremony among the, ii. 139 _n._
Mask, not to wear a, i. 4
Masked dances, bull-roarers used at, ii. 230 _n._
Masks worn by girls at puberty, i. 31, 52;
worn at Duk-duk ceremonies in New Britain, ii. 247;
worn by members of a secret society, 270, 271
Masquerade of boys among the Lengua Indians, i. 57 _n._ 1
Masuren, a district of Eastern Prussia, Midsummer fire kindled by the
revolution of a wheel at, i. 177, 335 _sq._;
divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, ii. 52, 53;
divination by orpine at Midsummer in, 61;
camomile gathered at Midsummer in, 63;
fire kindled by friction of oak at Midsummer in, 91
Matabeles fumigate their gardens, i. 337
Matacos, Indian tribe of the Gran Chaco, their custom of secluding girls
at puberty, i. 58
Mataguayos, Indian tribe of the Gran Chaco, their custom of secluding
girls at puberty, i. 58
Matthes, B. F., on sympathetic relation between man and animal, ii. 197
_n._ 4
Mauhes, Indians of Brazil, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, i. 59;
ordeal of young men among the, 62
Maundy Thursday, i. 125 _n._ 1
Maurer, Konrad, on Icelandic story of the external soul, ii. 125 _n._ 1
May Day in the Isle of Man, i. 157;
sheep burnt as a sacrifice on, 306;
witches active on, ii. 19, 184 _n._ 4, 185
——, Eve of, Snake Stones thought to be formed on, i. 15;
a witching time, 295;
witches active on, ii. 73
May-tree carried about, i. 120, ii. 22
Mayo, County, story of Guleesh in, i. 228
M’Bengas of the Gaboon, birth-trees among the, ii. 160
Mbengga, in Fiji, the fire-walk in, ii. 10 _sq._
Meakin, Budgett, on Midsummer fires in Morocco, i. 214 _n._
Meath, County, Hill of Ward in, i. 139;
Uisnech in, 158
Meaux, Midsummer bonfires in the diocese of, i. 182
Mecklenburg, need-fire in, i. 274 _sq._;
simples gathered at Midsummer in, ii. 48;
mugwort at Midsummer in, 60;
the divining-rod in, 67;
treatment of the afterbirth in, 165;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure in, 171 _sq._;
custom of striking blindfold at a half-buried cock in, 279 _n._ 4
Medicine-bag, instrument of pretended death and resurrection at
initiation, ii. 268 _sq._
—— -man in Australia, initiation of, ii. 237 _sqq._
Megara besieged by Minos, ii. 103
Meinersen, in Hanover, i. 275
Meissen or Thuringia, horse’s head thrown into Midsummer fire in, ii. 40
Melanesian conception of the external soul, ii. 197 _sqq._
—— and Papuan stocks in New Guinea, ii. 239
Meleager and the firebrand, story of, ii. 103;
and the olive-leaf, 103 _n._ 2
Melur, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire-walk at, ii. 8 _sq._
Men disguised as women, i. 107
—— and women eat apart, i. 81
_Mên-an-tol_, “holed stone” in Cornwall, ii. 187
Menomini Indians, ritual of death and resurrection among the, ii. 268 _n._
1
Menstruation, seclusion of girls at the first, i. 22 _sqq._;
the first, attributed to defloration by a spirit, 24;
reasons for secluding women at, 97
Menstruous blood, the dread of, i. 76.
_See also_ Blood
—— energy, beneficent applications of, i. 98 _n._ 1
—— fluid, medicinal applications of the, i. 98 _n._ 1
Menstruous women keep their heads or faces covered, i. 22, 24, 25, 29, 31,
44 _sq._, 48 _sq._, 55, 90, 92;
not allowed to cross or bathe in rivers, 77;
not allowed to go near water, 77;
supposed to spoil fisheries, 77, 78, 90 _sq._, 93;
painted red, or red and white, 78;
not allowed to use the ordinary paths, 78, 80, 84, 89, 90;
not allowed to approach the sea, 79;
not allowed to enter cultivated fields, 79;
obliged to occupy special huts, 79, 82, 85 _sqq._;
supposed to spoil crops, 79, 96;
not allowed to cook, 80, 82, 84, 90;
not allowed to drink milk, 80, 84;
not allowed to handle salt, 81 _sq._, 84;
kept from wells, 81, 82, 97;
obliged to use separate doors, 84;
not allowed to lie on high beds, 84;
not allowed to touch or see fire, 84, 85;
not allowed to cross the tracks of animals, 84, 91, 93;
excluded from religious ceremonies, 85;
not allowed to eat with men, 85, 90;
thought to spoil the luck of hunters, 87, 89, 90, 91, 94;
not allowed to ride horses, 88 _sq._, 96;
not allowed to walk on ice of rivers and lakes, 90;
dangers to which they are thought to be exposed, 94;
not allowed to touch beer, wine or vinegar, 96;
not allowed to salt or pickle meat, 96 _n._ 2;
not allowed to cross running streams, 97;
not allowed to draw water at wells, 97;
used to protect fields against insects, 98 _n._ 1
dreaded and secluded in Australia, i. 76 _sqq._,
in the Torres Straits Islands, 78 _sq._,
in New Guinea, 79,
in Galela, 79,
in Sumatra, 79,
in Africa, 79 _sqq._,
among the Jews and in Syria, 83 _sq._,
in India, 84 _sq._,
in Annam, 85,
in America, 85 _sqq._
Mequinez, Midsummer custom at, i. 216
Merolla, J., on seclusion of girls at puberty, i. 31 _n._ 3
Merrakech, in Morocco, Midsummer custom at, i. 216;
New Year fires at, 217
Mesopotamia, Atrae in, i. 82
Mespelaer, St. Peter’s fires at, i. 195
Messaria, in Cythnos, ii. 189
Metz, F., on the fire-walk, ii. 9
Metz, cats burnt alive in Midsummer fire at, ii. 39
Mexican ceremony of new fire, i. 132
—— representation of the sun as a wheel, i. 334 _n._ 1
Mexico, effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, i. 127 _sq._;
the Zapotecs of, ii. 212
Michael, in the Isle of Man, i. 307
Michaelmas, cakes baked at, i. 149.
_See also_ St. Michael
Michemis, a Tibetan tribe, a funeral ceremony among the, i. 5
Middle Ages, the Yule log in the, i. 252;
the need-fire in the, 270
Midsummer, wells crowned with flowers at, ii. 28;
bathing at, 29 _sq._;
sacred to Balder, 87.
_See also_ St. John’s Day
—— bonfire called “fire of heaven,” i. 334;
intended to drive away dragons, 161
“—— Brooms” in Sweden, ii. 54
—— Day, charm for fig-trees on, i. 18;
water claims human victims on, 26 _sqq._;
in ancient Rome, 178;
regarded as unlucky, ii. 29
—— Eve, Snake Stones thought to be formed on, i. 15;
Trolls and evil spirits abroad on, 172;
witches active on, ii. 19;
the season for gathering wonderful herbs and flowers, 45 _sqq._;
the magic flowers of, 45 _sqq._;
divination on, 46 _n._ 3, 50, 52 _sqq._, 61, 64, 67 _sqq._;
dreams of love on, 52, 54;
fernseed blooms at, 65, 287;
the divining-rod cut at, 67 _sqq._;
activity of witches and warlocks on, 73 _sqq._;
treasures bloom in the earth on, 288 _n._ 5;
the oak thought to bloom on, 292, 293
—— festival common to peoples on both sides of the Mediterranean, i. 219,
ii. 31;
the most important of the year among the primitive Aryans of Europe, 40;
its relation to Druidism, 45
—— fires, i. 160 _sqq._;
in Wales, 156
—— flowers and plants used as talismans against witchcraft, ii. 72
—— Men, orpine, ii. 61
—— mummers clad in green fir branches, ii. 25 _sq._
Midwinter fires, i. 246 _sqq._
Mijatovich, Chedo, on the _Zadrooga_ or Servian house-community, i. 259
_n._ 1
Mikado not allowed to set foot on ground, i. 2 _sq._;
the sun not allowed to shine on him, 18 _sq._
Milk, girls at puberty forbidden to drink, i. 22, 30;
libations of, 30;
not to be drunk by menstruous women, 80, 84;
stolen by witches from cows, 176, 343, ii. 74;
omens drawn from boiling, 8;
libations of, poured on fire, 8, 9;
libations of, poured into a stream, 9;
poured on sick cattle, 13
—— and butter thought to be improved by the Midsummer fires, i. 180;
stolen by witches at Midsummer, 185;
witchcraft fatal to, ii. 86
—— -tie as a bond of kinship, ii. 138 _n._ 1
—— -vessels not to be touched by menstruous women, i. 80
Milking cows through a hole in a branch or a “witch’s nest,” ii. 185
Millaeus on judicial torture, ii. 158
Miller’s wife a witch, story of the, i. 319 _sq._
Miming, a satyr of the woods, i. 103
Minahassa, in Celebes, ceremony at a house-warming in, ii. 153
Minangkabauers of Sumatra, their belief as to menstruous women, i. 79;
use of bull-roarers among the, ii. 229 _n._
Minos, king of Crete, besieges Megara, ii. 103
Mint, flowers of, gathered on St. John’s Day, ii. 51
Mirzapur, the Bhuiyars of, i. 84
Misfortune burnt in Midsummer fires, i. 215;
got rid of by leaping over Midsummer fires, 215
Missel-thrush and mistletoe, ii. 316
“Mist-healing,” Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, i. 279
Mistletoe, the divining-rod made of, ii. 69, 291;
worshipped by the Druids, 76 _sq._, 301;
cut on the sixth day of the moon, 77;
makes barren animals and women to bring forth, 77, 78, 79;
cut with a golden sickle, 77, 80;
thought to have fallen from the sky, 77, 80;
called the “all-healer,” 77, 79, 82;
an antidote to all poison, 77, 83;
gathered on the first day of the moon, 78;
not to touch the earth, 78, 80;
a cure for epilepsy, 78, 83, 84;
extinguishes fire, 78, 84 _sq._, 293;
venerated by the Ainos of Japan, 79;
growing on willow specially efficacious, 79;
confers invulnerability, 79 _sq._;
its position as a parasite on a tree the source of superstitions about
it, 80, 81, 84;
not to be cut but shot or knocked down with stones, 81 _sq._;
in the folk-lore of modern European peasants, 81 _sqq._;
medical virtues ascribed to, 82 _sqq._;
these virtues a pure superstition, 84;
cut when the sun is in Sagittarius, 82, 86;
growing on oak a panacea for green wounds, 83;
mystic qualities ascribed to mistletoe at Midsummer (St. John’s Day or
Eve), 83, 86;
cut at the full moon of March, 84, 86;
called “thunder-besom” in Aargau, 85, 301;
a masterkey to open all locks, 85;
a protection against witchcraft, 85 _sq._;
given to first cow that calves after New Year, 86;
gathered especially at Midsummer, 86 _sq._;
grows on oaks in Sweden, 87;
ancient Italian belief that mistletoe could be destroyed neither by fire
nor water, 94;
Balder’s life or death in the, 279, 283;
life of oak in, 280;
not allowed to touch the ground, 280;
a protection against witchcraft and Trolls, 282, 283, 294;
a protection against fairy changelings, 283;
hung over doors of stables and byres in Brittany, 287; thought to
disclose treasures in the earth, 287, 291 _sq._;
gathered at the solstices, Midsummer and Christmas, 291 _sqq._;
traditional privilege of, 291 _n._ 2;
growing on a hazel, 291 _n._ 3;
growing on a thorn, 291 _n._ 3;
life of the oak conceived to be in the, 292;
perhaps conceived as a germ or seed of fire, 292;
sanctity of mistletoe perhaps explained by the belief that the plant has
fallen on the tree in a flash of lightning, 301;
two species of, _Viscum album_ and _Loranthus europaeus_, 315 _sqq._;
found most commonly on apple-trees, 315, compare 316 _n._ 5;
growing on oaks in England, 316;
seeds of, deposited by missel-thrush, 316;
ancient names of, 317 _sq._;
Virgil on, 318 _sqq._;
Dutch names for, 319 _n._ 1
Mistletoe and Balder, i. 101 _sq._, ii. 76 _sqq._, 302
—— and the Golden Bough, ii. 315 _sqq._
Mitchell, Sir Arthur, on a barbarous cure for murrain, i. 326
Mithr, Armenian fire-god, i. 131 _n._ 3
Mithraic mysteries, initiation into the, ii. 277
_Mizimu_, spirits of the dead, ii. 312
Mlanje, in British Central Africa, ii. 314
Mnasara tribe of Morocco, i. 214
Mogk, Professor Eugen, i. 330
Mohammedan calendar lunar, i. 216 _sq._, 218 _sq._
—— New Year festival in North Africa, i. 217 _sq._
—— peoples of North Africa, Midsummer fires among the, i. 213 _sqq._
Moharram, first Mohammedan month, i. 217
Moles and field-mice driven away by torches, i. 115, ii. 340
Molsheim in Baden, i. 117
Mondays, witches dreaded on, ii. 73
Mongolian story, milk-tie in a, i. 138 _n._ 1;
the external soul in a, ii. 143 _sq._
Monster supposed to swallow and disgorge novices at initiation, ii. 240
_sq._, 242
Mont des Fourches, in the Vosges, i. 318
Montaigne on ceremonial extinction of fires, i. 135 _n._ 2
Montanus, on the Yule log, i. 248
Montenegro, the Yule log in, i. 263
Montezuma not allowed to set foot on ground, i. 2
Montols of Northern Nigeria, their belief in their sympathetic relation to
snakes, ii. 209 _sq._
Moon, impregnation of women by the, i. 75 _sq._;
the sixth day of the, mistletoe cut on, 77;
the first day of the, mistletoe gathered on, 78;
the full, transformation of were-wolves at, 314 _n._ 1
Mooney, James, on Cherokee ideas as to trees struck by lightning, ii. 296
Moore, _Manx Surnames,_ quoted by Sir John Rhys, i. 306
Moors, their superstition as to the “sultan of the oleander,” i. 18
Moosheim, in Wurtemberg, leaf-clad mummer at, ii. 26
Moravia, fires to burn the witches in, i. 160;
Midsummer fires in, 175;
the divining-rod in, ii. 67
Moravians cull simples at Midsummer, ii. 49, 54
Moray, remedy for a murrain in the county of, i. 326
Morayshire, medical use of mistletoe in, ii. 84
Morbihan in Brittany, ii. 287
Moresin, Thomas, on St. Peter’s fires in Scotland, i. 207