artist of some ability was with the Oto and Omaha near the banks of the
Missouri. H. Baldwin Moellhausen, late in the autumn of 1851, became lost
on the frozen, snow-covered prairies south of the Platte, and was
rescued by a family of Oto encamped on the bank of a small stream. He
remained with the Oto and later returned with them to their village near
the mouth of the Platte. From the Oto village he went up the Missouri to
the Omaha, with whom he stayed some weeks. While with the two tribes he
made many sketches of the Indians and scenes depicting the ways of life
of the people. When he returned to his home in Berlin he carried with
him the collection of drawings, and these, if found at the present time,
would probably prove of much interest.
PLATE 24
Both _a_ and _b_ are reproductions of photographs made in the vicinity
of Fort Laramie in 1868, during the visit of the Indian Peace
Commission. The commission was composed of a number of Army officers who
went among many of the Plains tribes for the purpose of gaining their
friendship for the Government. From original prints in the possession of
Mrs. N. H. Beauregard, St. Louis. The name of the photographer is not
known.
_c._ From the engraving of the original picture by Bodmer, as used by
Maximilian. (See note, pl. 15.)
PLATE 25
_a._ Reproduced from a photograph of the original painting by Kane, now
in the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Toronto. Rocky Mountain Fort
in the distance on the right. No. 57 in the catalogue. Size of picture,
18 inches high, 29 inches long. (See note, pl. 5, _a_.)
_b._ From a photograph of a water-color sketch by Kurz. (See note, pl.
23, _b_.)
PLATE 26
_a._ From an original negative now in the Bureau of American Ethnology,
made by Jackson in 1871. It was probably made at the Omaha village shown
in plate 27.
_b._ A page of Kurz's sketchbook. (See note, pl. 23, _b_.)
PLATE 27
Omaha village, from an original negative made by Jackson in 1871 and now
in the Bureau of American Ethnology. According to La Flesche, "The
location of the Omaha village can best be described as in the southwest
quarter of Section 30, Township 25, Range 10, in the extreme eastern
border of Thurston County, Nebraska. The land was allotted in 1883 to
Pe-de-ga-hi, one of the Omaha chiefs. It is about three-quarters of a
mile west of the historic site known as Blackbird Hill, on which the
great medicine man Blackbird was buried."
PLATE 28
Both _a_ and _b_ represent pages in Kurz's sketchbook. (See note, pl. 23,
_b_.)
PLATE 29
Reproduced from the engraving of Bodmer's painting, as illustrated by
Maximilian. (See note, pl. 15.)
PLATE 30
_a._ Reproduction of the illustration in De Smet's work, where the
picture is signed _Geo. Lehman, del._
_b._ Reproduced from the engraving after a drawing by Samuel Seymour.
In the instructions issued to members of the expedition, dated
"Pittsburgh, March 31, 1819," Major Long stated: "Mr. Seymour, as
painter for the expedition, will furnish sketches of landscapes,
whenever we meet with any distinguished for their beauty and grandeur.
He will also paint miniature likenesses, or portraits if required, of
distinguished Indians, and exhibit groups of savages engaged in
celebrating their festivals or sitting in council, and in general
illustrate any subject, that may be deemed appropriate in his art."
PLATE 31
Reproduced from a photograph in the Chittenden scrapbook. (See note, pl.
19.)
PLATE 32
_a._ From an original photograph furnished by Francis La Flesche.
_b._ Reproduced from an illustration in Transactions of the Kansas State
Historical Society, 1907-1908, Vol. X. Topeka, 1908.
PLATE 33
Reproduced from an engraving of the original drawing by Samuel Seymour.
(See note, pl. 30, _b_.)
PLATE 34
Specimens in the United States National Museum.
PLATE 35
_a._ After original drawing by Friedrich Kurz. (See note, pl. 23, _b_.)
_b._ Photograph of specimen now in the United States National Museum.
PLATE 36
Both _a_ and _b_ are reproduced from original photographs in the United
States National Museum, Washington. It is not known by whom the
negatives were made.
PLATE 37
From a photograph made about the year 1900, furnished by Miss Alice C.
Fletcher. The structures stood near the bank of the Missouri, north of
the Omahas. The photograph was reproduced as plate 18 in the
Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
PLATE 38
_a._ From the drawing by Catlin of the original painting. This is No.
503 in Catlin's Catalogue (London, 1848), where it is described as "The
Interior of a Mandan Lodge, showing the manner in which it is
constructed of poles and covered with dirt. The chief is seen smoking
his pipe, and his family grouped around him."
_b._ After the original painting in the National Museum, Washington.
This is the fourth and last of Catlin's paintings representing different
scenes during the remarkable ceremony by the Mandan. No. 507 in the
Catalogue, where it is referred to as "The Last Race."
George Catlin. (See note, pl. 23, _a_.)
PLATE 39
From the engraving of Bodmer's painting used by Maximilian. (See note,
pl. 15.)
PLATE 40
Reproduced from the engraving of Bodmer's painting as used by
Maximilian. (See note, pl. 15.)
PLATE 41
Two wooden bowls and a pottery vessel collected among the Mandan.
Specimens in the United States National Museum.
PLATE 42
Examples of spoons, one made of a buffalo horn, the other formed from a
horn of a mountain sheep, now in the United States National Museum.
PLATE 43
Reproduction of the original painting by Catlin, now in the United
States National Museum, Washington. It is No. 383 in Catlin's Catalogue,
described as "Minatarree Village, earth-covered lodges, on Knife River,
1,810 miles above St. Louis."
George Catlin. (See note, pl. 23, _a_.)
PLATE 44
_a._ Original pencil sketch by Bodmer of the finished picture shown in
_b_. The sketch is now in the Edward E. Ayer collection, Newberry
Library, Chicago.
_b._ Reproduction of a photograph of the engraving as used by
Maximilian.
PLATE 45
After original sketches by Friedrich Kurz. (See note, pl. 23, _b_.)
PLATE 46
_a._ Reproduction of the original painting by Catlin, now in the United
States National Museum, Washington. It is mentioned as No. 491 in
Catlin's Catalogue and described as a "Crow Lodge, of twenty-five
buffalo-skins." A drawing made from the painting appeared as plate 20 in
Vol. I of Catlin's work.
_b._ From the original negative by Jackson now in the Bureau of American
Ethnology.
PLATE 47
A rather crude woodcut, made from this photograph, was used in
Dunraven's book, _The Great Divide_. Unfortunately it is not known when
or by whom this most interesting negative was made, but it was probably
the work of J. D. Hutton, a member of the Raynolds party during the
exploration of the Yellowstone Valley, 1859-1860. Although the Raynolds
journal is in the War Department in Washington, there is no record or
list of the photographs, many of which are known to have been made
during the journey. A number of Hutton's photographs were reproduced by
Hayden in his work _Contributions to the Ethnography and Philology of
the Indian Tribes of the Missouri Valley_, Philadelphia, 1862.
PLATE 48
A page from Kurz's sketchbook, carried by him during his travels through
the Upper Missouri Valley. This shows several traders approaching Fort
Union and a herd of buffalo in the distance on the right. (See note, pl.
23, _b_.)
PLATE 49
Two negatives were made by Jackson, evidently without moving the camera.
One was reproduced in Bulletin 69 of this Bureau's publications; the
second is now shown. The first negative now belongs to the Bureau, but
the present plate is a reproduction of a photograph furnished by the
Peabody Museum, Harvard University.
Concerning the photographs now reproduced in plates 49, 50, and 51, Mr.
W. H. Jackson, now of Detroit, wrote to the Bureau, April 28, 1921, and
said in part: "Negatives to which you refer, viz, of Pawnee village
scenes, were made by myself in 1871 on my return from the first
Yellowstone expedition of the Survey, this trip also including a visit
to the Omaha Agency."
PLATE 50
Earth lodges standing in the Pawnee village. From original negative by
W. H. Jackson, 1871. Negative now in the Bureau of American Ethnology.
PLATE 51
Views in the Pawnee village, after photographs by Jackson, 1871.
Original photographs belonging to the Bureau of American Ethnology.
PLATE 52
Specimens in the United States National Museum.
PLATE 53
Reproduction of a photograph of the original painting by Catlin, now in
the United States National Museum. It is No. 386 in Catlin's Catalogue,
described as "Riccaree Village, with earth-covered lodges, 1,600 miles
above St. Louis."
George Catlin. (See note, pl. 23, _a_.)
PLATE 54
Specimens in the United States National Museum.
PLATE 55
_a._ From a photograph in the Chittenden scrapbook. (See note, pl. 19.)
_b._ After a photograph in the collection of the United States National
Museum.
INDEX
ACCANCEA. _See_ Quapaw.
AGRICULTURE--
among Sauk and Foxes, 40
of the Arikara, 179
of the Mandan, 127
of the Osage, 106
ALGONQUIAN FAMILY--
characteristics of villages of, 7
general movement of groups of, 3
groups comprising western division of, 1
largest north of Mexico, 43
villages of, described, 1
AL-LE-GA-WA-HO'S VILLAGE, 97
ALLEN, J.A., book by, on the buffalo, 7
ALLOUEZ, PERE, mission conducted by, 122
AMAHAMI--
once united with the Hidatsa and Crow, 140
village of, on Knife River, 125, 141
AMERICAN FUR COMPANY--
post of, 75
trade of, with Sioux, 61
ANIMALS--
domestic, lack of, among the Iowa, 114
domestic, of the Kansa, 90
of the Dakota country, 4
_See_ Buffalo, Dogs, Game.
ARAPAHO--
an Algonquian group, 1
country occupied by, 33-34
habitations of, 34
ARAPAHO VILLAGE--
described by Fremont, 36-37
photograph of, 37
ARBOR ENTRANCE, a Siouan feature, 122
ARCHITHINUE NATIVES, name applied to Blackfeet, 25, 26
ARIKARA--
a Caddoan group, 2
encampments of, visited by Lewis and Clark, 23
hostility of, to whites, 176, 179
Mandan village occupied by, 139
migration of, 167, 169-170
pottery of, 174
settlement of, near Fort Berthold, 147
skilled agriculturists, 179
warfare of, with Sioux, 70
AKIKARA VILLAGES--
described by Brackenridge, 172, 173
described by Bradbury, 172
described by Maximilian, 175-176
on the Missouri, 168
sites of, 168-169
sketched by Catlin, 175
ARK OF THE FIRST MAN, 129, 132
ARKANSA. _See_ Quapaw.
ARKANSAS BAND, a division of the Osage, 98
ASSINIBOIN, a Missouri River steamboat 130
trip of, to the Yellowstone River, 142
ASSINIBOIN TRIBE--
alliance of, with Cree, 71
camp of, described by Maximilian, 75-76
country occupied by, 71
location and number of, 32
of the Dakota-Assiniboin group, 2
on the march, 73, 74
relation of, to other tribes, 44
separated from Yanktonai, 71
structures of, 71, 72, 73, 76-77
with Cree, at Mandan village, 74
ASSINIBOIN VILLAGE--
size of, 73, 74
movement of, 73, 74
ATSINA, a division of the Arapaho, 1, 25
allied with tribes of the Blackfeet confederacy, 25, 34
fortified camps of, 34
incorporated with the Assiniboin, 25
various names for, 34
ATSINA VILLAGE, described by Maximilian, 35
AVENUE, pottery on site of, 112
AWACHAWI, an Hidatsa village, 142
AWATICHAY, an Hidatsa village, 142
AYAUWAYS, excursions of, against the Osage, 98
BARK-COVERED LODGES--
as summer habitations, 38, 51, 84
as winter habitations, 51
employed in timber country, 184-185
erected by the Dakota, 44
of the Kansa, 95
of the Mdewakanton, 50
of the Ojibway, 9-13, 16, 17, 56
of the Osage, 98
of the Oto, 120
of the Quapaw, 109
of the Sauk and Foxes, 39
BASKETRY--
of the Arikara, 169
of the Osage, 103
BEAUREGARD, MRS. N.H., copy by, of manuscript, 90
BEDS--
of the Caddo, 183
of the Kansa, 92
of the Mandan, 133, 134
BELLEVUE, a trading post on the Missouri, 81
BIG-BELLIED INDIANS. _See_ Atsina.
BIG KAW, an Oto Indian, 117
BIG KNIVES, Kansa name for the whites, 89
BIG TRACK, an Osage chief, 98
BIRCH BARK STRUCTURES, 9-13
_See_ Bark-covered lodges.
BLACKFEET CONFEDERACY, tribes composing, 1, 25
BLACKFEET INDIANS--
camps of, described by Maximilian, 28
ceremonial lodges of, 33
country inhabited by, 27, 32
descriptions of, 25-28
manner of living, 33
number of, 32
warlike nature of, 28
war party of, 31
_See_ Siksika.
BLACK HAWK, birthplace of, 38
BLACK HILLS, no permanent Indian settlement in, 70
BLOOD INDIANS--
country occupied by, 27, 32
number of, 32
_See_ Kainah.
BODMER--
painting by, of Atsina village, 35
painting by, of chief's lodge, 76
painting by, of Mandan village, 133
drawing by, of tipis, 58
sketch by, in Newberry Library, 143
BOWLS, WOODEN, of the Mandan, 137
BRADBURY, visit of, to Omaha village, 78
BRULES, a Teton band, 2
BRUSH SHELTERS OF THE ASSINIBOIN, 75
BUFFALO--
Arikara offering to, 174
hunting of, 4-7
importance of, to the Indian, 3-4
manner of traveling, 72
BUFFALO HUNT--
described by Fremont, 35-36
of the Oglala, 68
BUFFALO POUNDS, 5-6
use of, by Blackfeet, 26
BUFFALO SKULLS, a charm to entice buffaloes, 62-63
BUFFALO SOCIETY, Omaha, dance given by, 82
BUFFALO TRAILS, followed by Indians, 7
BULL-BOAT--
characteristic of upper Missouri, 129
of the Hidatsa, 146-147
BURIALS--
Omaha, 78
Oto, 120
scaffold, mention of, 50-51
CACHES--
described by Fletcher and La Flesche, 80
described by Matthews, 150
exposed by railroad cut, 82
for storage of corn, 126
Omaha, described by Gilden, 83, 84
on elevated stage, 12
CADDO--
a tribe of the Caddoan family, 2
country occupied by, 155, 182
described by Joutel, 182-183
CADDOAN FAMILY--
confederacies of, 2
country occupied by, 1
earth lodge characteristic of, 7-8
general movement of, 3
tribes composing, 2
CAHOKIA TRIBE, village of, 41
CANNON RIVER, village near mouth of, 50
CANOES--
birch-bark, 15-16
made of buffalo skins, 94
of the Arikara, 172
of the Hidatsa, 141
Oto, 121
_See_ Bull-boat.
CAPPA, a Quapaw village, 109
CASTANEDA, thatched houses mentioned by, 179
CATLIN, GEORGE--
among the Mandan, 128
among the Teton, 61
Arikara village sketched by, 175
collection of paintings by, in National Museum, 15, 129, 141, 175
incorrect drawings by, of earth lodges, 149
Indian portraits painted by, 62
Ojibway camp described by, 15
CAVES, in the Ozarks, occupied by Indians, 107
CEREMONIAL LODGE--
of the Crows, 155
of the Hidatsa, 144
of the Ojibway, 13
of the Quapaw, 111
of the Sun dance, 63
_See_ Medicine lodge.
CEREMONIAL SHELTER, temporary, of the Cree and Ojibway, 18-19
CEREMONIES, Arikara, in medicine lodge, 178
CHATIQUE, an Assiniboin chief, 71
CHAUI, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy, 2
CHEROKEES, migration of remnant of, 2
CHEYENNE INDIANS--
an Algonquian group, 1
described by Lewis and Clark, 24
in Arapaho village, 36
lodges of, for special purposes, 25
lodges of, like Pawnee, 24, 25
territory occupied by, 21
various habitations of, 22
CHEYENNE VILLAGE SITES--
described by Grinnell, 22-23
mentioned by Lewis and Clark, 23
CHIEFS, decorations on lodges of, 67, 76
CHILDS POINT, ruins on, 82
CHIPPEWAY--
treaty of, with Sioux, 15
_See_ Ojibway.
CHIWERE GROUP OF SIOUAN TRIBES, 2
habitations of, 113
tribes composing, 112
CHOCTAW, temporary village of, 110
CHOLERA AMONG THE OGLALA, 64
CHOTE, town house at, 118
CIRCLES--
of earth, 21, 28, 30
of stone, 20, 21
CLARMONT, French name of Osage chief, 103
CLOTHING--
made of buffalo hides, 3, 4
of the Kansa, 94
CLUB, wooden, of the Mandan, 138
COCKING, MATTHEW, journey of, 26-27
COLBERT, first name of Mississippi River, 109
CORN, cultivation of, 39, 40, 106, 127, 179
CORONADO EXPEDITION, thatched houses seen by, 179
COUNCIL BLUFFS, origin of the name, 115, 157
COUNCIL HOUSE--
of the Kansa, 92-93
of the Ojibway, 16
of the Oto, 117
of the Teton, 60
CREE INDIANS--
habitations of, 17-21
language of, 17
population of, 18, 19
related to Ojibway, 17
loving disposition of, 19
territory inhabited by, 1, 18, 19
with Assiniboin at Mandan village, 74
_See_ Knistenaux.
CROW INDIANS--
a tribe of the Hidatsa group, 2
arrangement of camps of, 154
ceremonial lodge of, 154-155
country inhabited by, 151, 152-153
described by Larocque, 151
lodges of, described, 152-154
separation of, from the Hidatsa, 150
wandering habits of, 153
CUSTER, GENERAL, mention of, 70
CUSTOMS--
of the Blackfeet, 26-27
of the Cree, 18-19
of the Ojibway, 8-11, 13, 17
of the Omaha, 85-87
of the Osage, 105-106
of the Pawnee, 163-165
of the Sauk and Foxes, 39-41
of the Teton, 60-61
of the Wahpeton, 53
of the Yanktonai, 54-57
DAKOTA-ASSINIBOIN GROUP, 2
country occupied by, 44
habitations of, 44-45
tribes composing, 44
DANCE--
of the Teton, 60
_See_ Dog dance, Sacred dance, Sun dance, War dance.
DE SMET, FATHER, at the Kansa villages, 95-96
DECORATION OF LODGES, 28, 67, 75-76, 78, 85
DELAWARE INDIANS--
abandoned settlement of, 42-43
log cabins built by, 42
migration of remnant of, 2, 3
DHEGIHA GROUP, 2
migration of, 77
DODGE, COL. R. I., with expedition into Black Hills, 70
DOG DANCE OF THE KANSA, 93
DOG FEAST, painting of, 15
DOG TRAVOIS, 19-20, 55, 65, 76
DOGS--
as a sacrifice, 52, 61
as beasts of burden, 28
as food, 28, 53, 54
as sacred animals, 53
use of, for transportation, 72, 73
_See_ Dog travois.
DORSEY, J. O., Omaha structures described by, 85
DOUAY, PERE ANASTASIUS, Quapaw villages mentioned by, 110
DWELLINGS. _See_ Lodges, Tipi, Wigwam.
EARTH CIRCLES--
explanations of, 21
noticed by Maximilian, 28, 30
EARTH LODGE--
Arikara, 170, 173, 176
characteristic of Missouri River tribes, 185
Cheyenne, no pictures of, 24
erected by Caddoan tribes, 8
Gros Ventres, 148
Hidatsa, 142
interior of, 81, 161-162
Mandan, 128, 130, 132, 133
most accurate drawing of, 143
not in tribal circle, 84
Omaha, 79-80, 82-83
Oto, 115, 116, 117
Pawnee, 156, 161-162
suggestive of Creek and Cherokee council house, 185
used by Dhegiha group, 77
EARTHENWARE--
in the Ozark country, 107
_See_ Pottery.
EARTHWORKS, attributed to Dhegiha group, 77
EASTMAN, CAPT., painting by, 51, 54
ELAH-SA, an Hidatsa village, 142
ELLSWORTH, H. L., expedition led by, 116, 159-161
ELM BARK, structures of, 16, 17, 39
_See_ Bark-covered lodges.
ENGINEER CANTONMENT, winter quarters of Long expedition, 157
ENTRANCE--
to earth lodge, 149
to Winnebago dwelling, 122
ENVIRONMENT, influence of--
on form of dwelling, 184
on manners and customs, 8
FALL INDIANS, location and number of, 32
_See_ Atsina.
FALL OF THE RAPID INDIANS, a name for the Atsina, 34
FALLS OF ST. ANTHONY--
Indian camp at, 15
named by Father Hennepin, 45
FEASTS--
given by Blackfoot chief, 29
of the Cree, 18-19
of the Teton Sioux, 61-62
FISH, method of curing, 10
FLOOR MATS, method of making, 41
FOOD--
method of cooking illustrated, 10
of the Mandan, 127, 136
of the Ojibway, 8-9
of the Osage, 104, 105-106
_See_ Agriculture, Buffalo, Corn, Dogs, Fish, Game.
FOOL CHIEF, a Kansa chief, 96
village of, 97
FORT BERTHOLD, tribes near, 147
FORT CLARK--
erection of, 176
Mandan village near, 130, 139, 140
_See_ Fort Osage.
FORT CRAWFORD, establishment of, 184
FORT DE BOURBON--
location of, 72
mention of, 71
FORT DES PRAIRIES, mention of, 72
FORT JOHN, destroyed by North American Fur Company, 69
FORT LARAMIE, description of, 69
FORT LEAVENWORTH, early description of, 116
FORT LOOKOUT, treaty concluded at, 57
FORT OSAGE--
later named Fort Clark, 99
village near, 100
FORT PIERRE--
gathering of Yankton near, 57, 59
sketch of, 63
FORT SNELLING--
encampment at, 15
establishment of, 184
FORT UNION--
Assiniboin camp at, 75
stay at, of Friedrich Kurz, 76
visit at, of Maximilian, 142
FORT YATES, villages near, 22
FORTIFIED VILLAGES--
Arikara, 168, 171, 172
Hidatsa, 147
Mandan, 123, 131
FORTS BUILT BY INDIANS, 34, 35
FOX INDIANS--
habitat of, 1
present location of, 38
visited by Long, 38
_See_ Sauk and Foxes.
FREMONT, arrival of, at Kansa towns, 96
FUR TRADE OF THE TETON, 61
FURS, huge quantities of, collected by Sauk and Foxes, 40
GAME--
abundance of, at Isle au Vache, 91
_See_ Animals, Buffalo, Hunting.
GAMES--
played by the Omaha, 81
space for playing, 129
GILDER, R. F., village site identified by, 82
GILFILLAN, DR. J. A., missionary among the Ojibway, 11
GRAND PAWNEE--
visit to, of Long expedition, 158
_See_ Chaui.
GRANT, PETER, Ojibway dwellings described by, 9-10
GRASS LODGE--
as temporary shelter, 13-14
of the Caddo, 183
of the Wichita, 179-180
photograph of, 180
GREAT OSAGE, an Osage band, 98
GRINNELL, GEORGE B., erection of medicine lodge described by, 33
GROS VENTRES. _See_ Hidatsa.
GROS VENTRES OF THE MISSOURI, a name applied to the Hidatsa, 141
GROS VENTRES OF THE PRAIRIE, a name applied to the Atsina, 34, 141
_See_ Atsina.
HABITATIONS. _See_ Lodges, Tipi, Wigwam.
HA-WON-JE-TAH, a Teton Sioux chief, 61, 62
HENDRY, ANTHONY, Journal of, 25
HENRY, ALEXANDER, travels of, through Assiniboin country, 71-73
HIDATSA GROUP, tribes composing, 2, 140
HIDATSA TRIBE--
ceremonial lodge of, 144
creation myth of, 143
temporary lodge of, 147
winter village of, 143, 149
_See_ Minnetarees.
HIDATSA VILLAGES--
descriptions of, 142-143, 145-146, 148-150
Indian drawings of, 139
location of, 141
near Fort Berthold, 147
painting of, by Catlin, 141
plan of, 145
sites of, compared with Mandan, 146
temporary, for winter use, 149
HIME, HUMPHREY LLOYD, photographs made by, 12
HIND EXPEDITION--
camp sites observed by, 20-21
Ojibway structures encountered by, 12
HOE, made by Arikara, 177
HORSE TRAVOIS, 30, 65, 66
HORSERACING of the Blackfeet, 31
HORSES, housed in lodges of the Mandan, 126
HOUSE RINGS, 20, 21, 22, 28, 30
HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY--
journals of traders of, 25
trade of, with the Blackfeet, 27
trading post of, 76
HUNKPAPA, a Teton band, 2
HUNTING--
customs of the Osage, 103, 106
customs of the Sauk and Foxes, 40
excursions of the Mandan, 126
excursions of the Omaha, 85-87
grounds used for, by Oto, 116
of antelope, a method of, 6
of buffalo, 4-7
parties of the Mandan, 136
trips of the Pawnee, 166-167
ILLINOIS CONFEDERACY, villages of, 41-43
ILLINOIS INDIANS--
village of, 41
west of the Mississippi, 1
IMPLEMENTS--
agricultural, of the Arikara, 177
flint, on Omaha village site, 82, 83
for skin dressing, 138
stone, found on White River, 108
INDIAN PEACE COMMISSION, visit of, to Fort Laramie, 69
IOTAN, an Oto chief, 117
IOWA TRIBE--
appearance of villages of, 113
belonging to Chiwere group, 2
brief description of, 114
closely connected with Winnebago, 122
habitations of, 114
migration of, 113
IRON BIRD, an Osage chief, 103
IRVIN, SAMUEL M., missionary among the Iowa, 114
IRVING, WASHINGTON--
deserted village described by, 105
Indian symbols mentioned by, 43
ISH-TAL-A-SA'S VILLAGE, 97
ISLE AU VACHE--
brief history of, by Remsburg, 94
council at, between Kansa and Long party, 91
location of, 94
remains near, 91
ISSATI VILLAGE, site of, 45
ITAZIPCHO, a Teton band, 2
_See_ Sans Arcs.
JACKSON, W. H., photographs made by, 162
JARAMILLO, JUAN, an officer of the Coronado expedition, 179
JONGLERIE, or medicine lodge, 16-17
JOURNALS OF TRADERS, Blackfeet described in, 25
JOUTEL--
account by, of Quapaw villages, 109
Caddo tribe described by, 182-183
KAINAH, a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy, 1, 25
KANE, PAUL--
Ojibway wigwam described by, 10
paintings by, 20, 77
KANSA INDIANS--
a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77
attack on, by Pawnee, 96
dress of, 94
migration of, 89
population of, 89, 95
variety of dwellings of, 97
villages of, described, 90, 92, 95-96, 97
visit of, to the Oto, 121
KAPOSIA, village of, 50, 51
KINGFISHER, an old Ojibway, 12
KITKEHAHKI, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy, 2
KNISTENAUX--
at Mandan village, 74
language spoken by, 74
location and number of, 32
_See_ Cree.
KURZ, FRIEDRICH--
among the Omaha, 81
at Fort Union, 76
sketches by, 20, 63, 121
LA FLESCHE, JOSEPH, an Omaha chief, 82
LA HARPE, meeting of, with the Quapaw, 110
LA PETIT CORBEAU, a Sioux chief, village of, 38
LA SALLE EXPEDITION, 109, 182
LA VERENDRYE EXPEDITION, 73-74, 122
LAC DE L'ISLE CROIX, Cree bands along, 18
LAHCOCAT, an Arikara village, 169
LAKE HURON, encampment on islands of, 10
LAKE SUPERIOR, structures on shores of, 9
LAROCQUE, ANTOINE, visit of, among the Crows, 151
LE RAYE, references in journal of, to the Arikara, 168
LEAVENWORTH, establishment of, 184
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION, villages visited by, 23, 34, 60, 74,
75, 78, 89, 90, 114-115, 124-126
LINDENWOOD COLLEGE, manuscript journal in possession of, 90
LIQUOR, use of, among Indians, 75
LITTLE DOG, a Piegan Indian, 30
LITTLE OSAGE, an Osage band, 98
LITTLE OSAGE RIVER, Osage villages in valley of, 99
LITTLE RAVEN, village of, 48, 49, 50
LODGES. _See_ Bark-covered lodges, Ceremonial lodge, Earth lodge,
Grass lodge, Log houses, Mat-covered lodge, Skin lodge,
Thatched lodge, Tipi, Traders lodge, Wigwam.
LOG CABINS--
built by Cree, 18
of the Delaware, 42
_See_ Log houses.
LOG HOUSES--
construction of, 48
of Fox Indians, 38
of Sioux chief, 39
of upright posts, 48, 49, 50
LONG, MAJ. STEPHEN H., expedition under command of, 47, 157