quarters high; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped, very
closely resembling its parent, the old Court of Wick. Skin, pale green
on the shaded side; but washed with light red next the sun, which is
covered with darker red spots, and marked with thin grey russet, round
the eye. Eye, open, with reflexed segments, equally as characteristic
as that of the old Court of Wick, and placed in a wide, shallow basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, firm but
tender, with a profusion of rich, vinous, and highly flavored juice.
A delicious dessert apple, excelling even the old Court of Wick; it is
in use from October to February.
This variety was raised some years ago, by Mr. Morris, a market
gardener at Brentford, near London.
235. MORRIS’S NONPAREIL RUSSET.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 743?
SYNONYME AND FIGURE.--Nonpareil Russet, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 25, pl. xiii.
f. 3.
[Illustration]
Fruit, small; conical and irregularly formed, being generally larger
on one side than the other, and having the eye placed laterally. Skin,
green, covered with large patches of thin grey russet, strewed with
silvery scales, and marked with green dots. Eye, small and open, with
segments reflexed at the tips, and set in a plaited basin. Stalk,
short, and deeply inserted in an oblique cavity. Flesh, greenish, firm,
crisp, juicy, sugary, briskly flavored, and charged with a pleasant
aroma.
An excellent dessert apple, of the first quality; in use from October
to March, and will keep even as long as May and June.
Can this be the same as the Morris’s Nonpareil Russet, of the London
Horticultural Society’s catalogue, which is said to be oblate? I know
that the variety described above is the true one, the friend from whom
I received it having procured it from Mr. Morris himself.
This variety was raised by Mr. Morris of Brentford.
236. MORRIS’S RUSSET.--H.
Fruit below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
a quarter high; round, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, covered
with a coat of smooth, thin, brown russet, with occasionally a bright,
fiery-crimson flame breaking out on the side next the sun, sometimes
so large as to form a fine, smooth, and varnished crimson cheek. Eye,
large and open, set in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, very short,
inserted in a rather small cavity. Flesh, firm, but tender, juicy,
brisk and sugary, charged with a very rich, and powerful aromatic
flavor.
This is a dessert apple, of the highest excellence, and ought certainly
to form one in every collection, however small; it is in season from
October to February.
This, like the two preceeding varieties, was raised by Mr. Morris of
Brentford.
237. NANNY.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 452.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a half high; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and
somewhat angular on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow with
broken streaks of red, on the shaded side; but bright red, streaked
with dark crimson, on the side next the sun; the whole strewed with
russety dots. Eye, open, with flat segments, placed in an angular
basin, which is marked with linear marks of russet. Stalk, short,
inserted in a rather deep, round cavity, thickly lined with rough
russet, which extends in ramifications over the base. Flesh, yellow,
rather soft and tender, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of excellent quality, and when in perfection, a
first-rate fruit; it is in use during October, but soon becomes meally.
The tree attains the middle size and is a good bearer, much more so
than the Ribston Pippin, to which the fruit bears some resemblance in
flavor.
238. DE NEIGE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 454. Lind. Guide, 22. Down.
Fr. Amer. 91.
SYNONYMES.--Fameuse, _Fors. Treat._ 101. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 38.
Sanguineus, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. La Fameuse, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._
1.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 2.
Fruit, about the medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two
inches high; roundish, sometimes oblate. Skin, tender, smooth and
shining, of a beautiful pale waxen-yellow color, tinged with pale red,
on the shaded side; but covered with deeper red, on the side next the
sun. Eye, small, half open, and set in a shallow and plaited basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round, and pretty deep cavity.
Flesh, pure white, very tender and delicate, sweet and pleasantly
flavored.
A very beautiful and handsome apple, but not of great merit. It is
suitable for dessert use, and is in perfection from November to January.
The tree is of a small habit of growth, hardy, and bears well; but in
some soils it is liable to canker.
This variety is supposed to be of Canadian origin, and was introduced
to this country by a Mr. Barclay, of Brompton near London. This is not
the Pomme de Neige of Diel.
239. NELSON CODLIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 162.
SYNONYMES.--Nelson’s Codlin, _Lind. Guide_, 32. Backhouse’s Lord
Nelson, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 49. Nelson. _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxv. f. 3.
[Illustration]
Fruit, large and handsome; conical or oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow
strewed with russety specks, on the shaded side; but where exposed to
the sun of a fine deep yellow, covered with rather large dark spots,
which are encircled with a dark crimson ring. Eye, open, with short
segments, set in a deep, plaited, and irregular basin. Stalk, about a
quarter of an inch long, inserted in a very deep, and angular cavity.
Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, tender, juicy and sugary.
A very excellent apple, of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and
also valuable for the dessert; it is in use from September to January.
This variety was discovered many years ago, in the West Riding of
Yorkshire, where it is now cultivated to a large extent. It was
first brought into notice by John Nelson, a noted Wesleyan preacher
in that part of the country, who, during his professional visits
distributed grafts of it among his friends. From this circumstance
it became generally known by the name of the Nelson Apple. It was
called Backhouse’s Lord Nelson by Mr. Ronalds in the Pyrus Malus
Brentfordiensis, from having been received from the York nursery; but
Mr. Backhouse, to whom it refers, disclaims having any merit either in
the origin or introduction of it, and prefers retaining simply the name
of “Nelson”, as a tribute to the memory of the excellent man after whom
it was named.
The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a most abundant
bearer.
240. NEW ROCK PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 460. Lind. Guide, 75.
Fruit, of medium size; round. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and
brownish-red where exposed to the sun, entirely covered with brown
russet. Eye, deeply set in a round basin. Stalk, short. Flesh, yellow,
firm, sweet, rich, and perfumed with the flavor of anise.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from January to May.
This variety was raised by Mr. William Pleasance, a nurseryman at
Barnwell, near Cambridge, and was communicated by him to the London
Horticultural Society, in 1821. It belongs to the Nonpareil family, and
is valuable as a late winter apple.
241. NEWTOWN PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 458. Lind. Guide, 54. Down.
Fr. Amer. 118. Fors. Treat. 115. Rog. Fr. Cult. 95.
SYNONYMES.--Large Yellow Newton Pippin, _Coxe View_, 142. American
Newtown Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Green Newtown Pippin, _Hort.
Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 636. Large Newtown Pippin, _Ibid._ 638. Petersburgh
Pippin, _Ibid._ 780. Green Winter Pippin, _acc. Down. Fr. Amer._
Newton Pippin, _Aber. Dict._ Neujorker Reinette, _Diel. Kernobst._ v.
152.
FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xciii. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xvii.
f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, broadest at the base, with broad obscure
ribs extending to the apex, which give it an irregularity in its
outline. Skin, at first dull green, but changing as it ripens to a fine
olive-green, or greenish-yellow, with a redish-brown tinge next the
sun, and dotted all over with small grey russety dots. Eye, small and
closed, set in a small and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
long, slender, and inserted all its length, in a deep, round cavity
lined with delicate russet, which extends over a portion of the base.
Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green, firm, crisp, very juicy, with
a rich, and highly aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is not to be surpassed. It
is in use from December to April. This description being taken from an
imported specimen, it must not be expected that fruit grown in this
country, will attain the same degree of perfection; for like most of
the best American apples, it does not succeed in this climate. Even
with the protection of a wall, and in the most favorable situation, it
does not possess that peculiarly rich aroma, which characterizes the
imported fruit.
The tree is a slender, and slow grower, and is always distinguished,
even in its young state, by the roughness of its bark. It prefers a
strong, rich, and genial soil, and, according to Coxe, does not arrive
at maturity till 20 or 25 years old.
This is an old American apple. It originated at Newtown, on Long
Island, U. S., and was introduced to this country about the middle
of the last century. I find it was cultivated in the Brompton Park
nursery so early as 1768, under the name of “Newtown Pippin from New
York.” Forsyth remarks that it is said to have been originally from
Devonshire, but if it were so, there would still have been some trace
of it left in that county. It is extensively cultivated in New York,
and all the middle states, and particularly on the Hudson, where the
finest American orchards are. There are immense quantities produced
which are packed in barrels and exported to Britain and other parts.
The month of January, is generally the season they arrive in this
country, and then they are the most attractive of all dessert apples in
Covent Garden market; the name serving in many instances, as a decoy
for the sale of many other and inferior varieties. The Alfriston, in
many collections, is erroneously cultivated under the name of Newtown
Pippin.
242. NEWTOWN SPITZENBERG.--Coxe.
IDENTIFICATION.--Coxe. View. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 791. Lind.
Guide, 55. Down. Fr. Amer. 139.
SYNONYMES.--Matchless, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 397. Burlington
Spitzenberg, _acc. Coxe Cult_ 126. English Spitzemberg, _Ibid._
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 144. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. x. f. 3.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches and a quarter deep; roundish, regularly and handsomely formed,
a little flattened, somewhat resembling a Nonesuch. Skin, smooth, at
first pale-yellow tinged with green, but changing to a beautiful clear
yellow, on the shaded side; but of a beautiful clear red streaked with
deeper red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with numerous small,
russety dots. Eye, open, set in a wide, and even basin. Stalk, short
and stout, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich and
pleasantly flavored.
An American dessert apple, very pretty, and handsome; of good quality,
but only second-rate; it is in use from November to February.
This variety originated at Newtown on Long Island U. S. It received the
name of Matchless, from the late William Cobbett, who sold it under
that name.
243. NEW YORK PIPPIN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind, Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 76.
Fruit, rather large, of an oblong figure, somewhat pyramidal, rather
irregular in its outline, and slightly pentangular on its sides, three
of which are generally much shorter than the other, forming a kind of
lip at the crown; from two inches and a half to three inches deep, and
the same in diameter at the base. Eye, closed, rather deeply sunk in a
very uneven irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, rather
deeply inserted in a wide uneven cavity. Skin, dull greenish-yellow,
with a few green specks, intermixed with a little skin, (thin?) grey
russet, and tinged with brown on the sunny side. Flesh, firm, crisp,
tender. Juice, plentiful, saccharine, with a slight aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple; in use from November to April.
An American variety of excellence. The tree grows large, and bears well.
It sometimes happens with this as it does with Hubbard’s Pearmain, that
smooth fruit grow upon one branch and russety ones upon another; and in
cold seasons the fruit are for the most part russety.
It was named the New York Pippin by Mr. Mackie, and first propagated in
his nursery, at Norwich, about forty years ago. (1831.)
Never having seen or met with this apple, I have here given Mr.
Lindley’s descriptions verbatim, for the benefit of those who may meet
with it; as it is no doubt still in existence in the county of Norfolk.
244. NONESUCH.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 489. Lind. Guide, 20.
SYNONYMES.--Nonsuch, _Fors. Treat._ 116. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 36. _Down.
Fr. Amer._ 91. Langton Nonsuch, _Hanb. Pl._
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxvii. f. 2.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a
quarter high; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin,
smooth, pale yellow, mottled with thin pale red, on the shaded side;
and striped with broad, broken stripes of red next the sun. Eye, small
and closed, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short and
slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy,
sugary and slightly perfumed.
An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, and, according to
Mr. Thompson, excellent for apple jelly; it is ripe in September, and
continues during October.
The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an
abundant, and early bearer, young trees three years old from the graft
producing an abundance of beautiful fruit.
Although an old variety, I do not think this is the Nonesuch, of Rea,
Worlidge, or Ray, as all these authors mention it as being a long
keeper, for which circumstance, it might otherwise have been considered
the same. Rea says “it is a middle sized, round, and red striped apple,
of a delicate taste, and long lasting.” Worlidge’s variety is probably
the same as Rea’s he says “The Non-such is a long lasting fruit, good
at the table, and well marked for cider.” And Ray also includes his
Non-such among the Winter Apples.
245. NONPAREIL.--Duh.
IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 113, t. xii. f. 2. Switz. Fr.
Gard. 136. Lang. Pom. 134. t. lxxix. f. 4. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat.
117.
SYNONYMES.--Old Nonpariel, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. n. 476. _Lind.
Guide_, 91. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 120. Old or Original Nonpareil, _Rog.
Fr. Cult._ 70. English Nonpareil, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Hunt’s
Nonpareil, _Hort Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 659. Lovedon’s Pippin, _Ibid._ 573.
Reinette Nonpareil. _Knoop. Pom._ 51, t. ix. Nonpareil d’Angleterre,
_Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 647. Duc d’Arsel, _Ibid._ 283. Grüne
Reinette, _Sickler. Obstgärt._ iii. 177, t. 10. _Diel Kernobst._ v.
95. Nompareil, _Chart. Cat._ 54. Pomme-poire, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
ed. 3.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 86. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiv. f. 5.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, broad at the base and narrowing
towards the apex. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches
of thin grey russet, and dotted with small brown russety dots, with
occasionally a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, rather
prominent, very slightly if at all depressed, half open, with broad
segments which are reflexed at the tips. Stalk, an inch long, set in
a round and pretty deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh,
greenish, delicate, crisp, rich, and juicy, abounding in a particularly
rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor.
One of the most highly esteemed and popular of all our dessert apples.
It is in use from January till May.
The tree is a free grower, and healthy, scarcely attaining the middle
size, and an excellent bearer. It prefers a light and warm soil,
succeeds well on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for growing
in pots, when grafted on the pomme paradis of the French. Bradley in
one of his tracts records an instance of it being so cultivated. “Mr.
Fairchild (of Hoxton) has now (February) one of the Nonpareile apples
upon a small tree, in a pot, which seems capable of holding good till
the blossoms of this year have ripened their fruit.” In the northern
counties and in Scotland, it does not succeed as a standard as it does
in the south, and even when grown against a wall, there is a marked
contrast in the flavor when compared with the standard grown fruit of
the south.
It is generally allowed that the Nonpareil is originally from France.
Switzer says “It is no stranger in England; though it might have its
original from France, yet there are trees of them about the Ashtons in
Oxfordshire, of about a hundred years old, which (as they have it by
tradition) was first brought out of France and planted by a Jesuit in
Queen Mary or Queen Elizabeth’s time.” It is strange, however, that an
apple of such excellence, and held in such estimation as the Nonpareil
has always been, should have received so little notice from almost all
the early continental pomologists. It is not mentioned in the long
list of the Jardinier François of 1653, nor even by De Quintinye, or
the Jardinier Solitaire. Schabol enumerates it, but it is not noticed
by Bretonnerie. It is first described by Duhamel and subsequently by
Knoop. In the Chartreux catalogue it is said “elle est forte estimée
en Angleterre”, but, among the writers of our own country, Switzer is
the first to notice it. It is not mentioned by Rea, Worlidge or Ray,
neither is it enumerated in the list of Leonard Meager. In America it
is little esteemed.
246. NORFOLK BEEFING.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Norfolk Beaufin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 34. _Lind.
Guide_, 55. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 120. Norfolk Beau-fin, _Rog. Fr. Cult._
59. Norfolk Beefin, _Fors. Treat._ ed. 3, 124. Reeds Baker, _Hort.
Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 858. Catshead Beaufin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xcii. f. 3. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii.
f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; oblate, irregular in its outline, caused by several
obtuse angles or ribs, which extend from the base to the basin of the
eye, where they form prominent knobs or ridges. Skin, smooth, green at
first, but changing to yellow, and almost entirely covered with dull
brownish-red, which is thickest and darkest next the sun; sometimes it
is marked with a few broken stripes of dark crimson, and in specimens
where the color extends over the whole surface, the shaded side is
mottled with yellow spots. Eye, open, set in a rather deep and angular
basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, firm
and crisp, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A well known and first-rate culinary apple; it is in use from January
to June. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, where, besides being
applied to general culinary purposes, they are baked in ovens, and form
the dried fruits met with among confectioners and fruiterers, called
“Norfolk Biffins.”
The tree is vigorous in its young state, but unless grown in a rich
soil, and a favorable situation, it is apt to canker, particularly if
it is too moist.
The name of this apple has hitherto been written Beaufin, as if of
French origin; but it is more correctly Beefing, from the similarity
the dried fruit presents to raw beef.
247. NORFOLK PARADISE.--Fors.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 77. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3.
FIGURE.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xcii. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized; oblong, irregularly formed. Eye, very large,
deeply sunk in an uneven, oblique hollow. Stalk, rather short, not
deeply inserted. Skin, greenish-yellow; on the sunny side of a
brownish-red, streaked with a darker color. Flesh, white, very firm.
Juice, abundant and of a very excellent flavor.
A dessert apple; in use from October till March.
Its name seems to indicate a Norfolk origin; but I never could find it
in any part of the county.--_Lindley._
248. NORFOLK STONE PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 804.
SYNONYMES.--Stone Pippin, _Lind. in Hort. Trans._ vol. iv. p. 69.
_Lind. Guide_, 82. _Diel Kernobst._ xi. 119. White Stone Pippin,
_Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 1071. White Pippin, _in Norfolk_. Englischer
Kleiner Steinpepping, _Diel Kernobst._ xi. 119.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, and the same in height;
oblong, slightly angular on the sides, and narrowing a little towards
the apex. Skin, smooth and very thin, pale green at first, but changing
by keeping to pale yellow with a mixture of green; sometimes it has
a slight tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small, half open, with
acuminate segments, set in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk,
slender, half-an-inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity with a fleshy
protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, white, firm and breaking, brisk,
sweet, and perfumed.
An excellent long-keeping culinary apple, and useful also in the
dessert; it is in use from November to July. In the “Guide to the
Orchard,” Mr. Lindley says “This is a valuable Norfolk Apple known in
the Norwich market by the name of White Pippin. The fruit when peeled,
sliced, and boiled in sugar, becomes transparent, affording for many
months a most delicious sweetmeat for tarts.”
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and attains the middle size. It
is a regular and abundant bearer.
249. NORTHERN GREENING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 497. Fors. Treat. 117.
Lind. Guide, 77. Diel Kernobst. xi. 83.
SYNONYMES.--Walmer Court, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 1134. Cowarne
Queening, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 49. John, of some, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxv. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about
three inches high; roundish, inclining to ovate, being narrowed towards
the eye. Skin, smooth and tender, of a beautiful grassy green in the
shade, and dull brownish-red marked with a few broken stripes of a
darker color, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed,
with long segments, set in a narrow, round, deep, and even basin.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow and deep
cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a
brisk and somewhat vinous flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November
to April.
The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, attaining the largest
size, and is an abundant bearer.
This is sometimes called Cowarne Queening, but that is a very different
variety, and is a cider apple.
250. NOTTINGHAM PIPPIN.--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a half high; ovate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow at first, but
changing by keeping to lemon yellow, without any trace of red, but with
slight markings of russet. Eye, closed, with long green segments, set
in a wide and rather deeply plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of
an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity.
Flesh, white, fine and marrowy, juicy, sugary, and vinous.
A second-rate dessert apple; in use from November till February.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
251. ORD’S APPLE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. ii. p. 285. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 507. Lind. Guide, 77.
SYNONYME.--Simpson’s Pippin, _acc. Hort. Trans._
FIGURE.--Hort. Trans. vol. ii. t. 19.
[Illustration]