48-1: =que cuanto veíamos=: (= _que tanto cuanto veíamos_): _than
everything we saw_.
48-2: =el Oriente=: the reference is to Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign
in 1798. Cf. note _batalla de las Pirámides_, p. 35, 7.
48-3: =Silla de San Pedro=: papal throne.
48-4: =he de deciros=: cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.
48-5: =por lo que a mí hace=: _as far as I am concerned; as for me_.
49-1: =por el que=: _el que, la que_, etc., are frequently used as
pure relatives with the value of _el cual_, etc.
49-2: =a Roma=: cf. note _a España_, p. 35, 11. Rome was the capital
of the _estados pontificios_, which included a large part of Italy. In
the papal states the Pope exercised temporal as well as spiritual power.
49-3: =Quirinal=: cf. note p. 36, 4.
49-4: =Sant-Angelo=: (Italian), a fortified castle on the Tiber at
Rome, defending the papal palace, the Vatican.
49-5: =bandera tricolor=: _the tri-colored flag_, the red, white, and
blue flag adopted in France at the time of the Revolution.
49-6: =consummatum est=: (Latin), _it is finished_ (the last words of
Christ on the cross).
49-7: =hachazos=: cf. note _pistoletazo_, p. 18, 3.
49-8: =Sala de las Santificaciones=: one of the apartments of the
Vatican.
49-9: =el Rey de Roma=: i.e. the Pope.
50-1: =roquete y muceta=: _rochet_ (surplice with narrow sleeves)
_and_ purple _mantle_ (worn over the rochet).
50-2: =estados Romanos=: cf. note _a Roma_, p. 49, 2.
50-3: =cuatro reales de vellón=: four _reales_ make a _peseta_,
approximately of the same value as the _papetto_ (Italian), a papal coin
worth a little more than a _lira_ or approximately twenty cents of our
coin.
50-4: =puerta del Popolo=: (Italian: _Porta del Popolo_) one of the
gates of Rome.
50-5: =voy allá= (or _allá voy_): _I am coming to that_.
51-1: =Ello fué=: cf. note _ello es_, p. 6, 1.
51-2: =a Cataluña=: cf. note _el Principado_, p. 16, 9, and note _a
España_, p. 35, 11.
51-3: =se me ha olvidado=: _I have forgotten_.
51-4: =Bailén=: a city of southern Spain (Andalusia), the scene of a
signal victory of the Spanish over the French, who capitulated to the
number of 20,000 (1808). =Zaragoza=, a city in northeastern Spain
(Aragon), the scene of two sieges (1808-1809), the Spanish holding out
with desperate heroism against the French invaders, and only
surrendering after 50,000 of themselves had perished.
51-5: =paladín=: this term was applied to the knights of Charlemagne,
and by extension, to any knight errant, or chivalrous and warlike hero.
51-6: =cruzado=: _crusader_ (from _cruz_, cross, which was worn as a
badge).
51-7: =Fernando VII=: cf. note _Fernando_, p. 34, 5. Ferdinand
welcomed the intervention of the French in Spain to support him in his
absolutism against the advanced party, which clamored for constitutional
liberties. The French expedition (1823) was completely successful, the
resistance being so slight that the French describe the invasion as a
_promenade militaire_.
51-8:= en contra nuestra=: _in opposition to us_.
52-1: =seguían con sus gorros encasquetados=: _kept on their caps_
(lit. _continued with_, etc.).
52-2: =como quien hace=: _like (one) who makes_.
52-3: =pulcra y pobremente=: _neatly though poorly_. When two or more
adverbs ending in _mente_ are joined by a conjunction, the first one
loses this termination.
52-4: =calle de Amargura=: the _Via Dolorosa_, or road passed over by
Jesus bearing the cross to the place of crucifixion.
53-1: =Santo Padre=: _holy Father_, i.e. _the Pope_, while _Padre
Santo_ is one of the Fathers of the church, as Saint Augustine, etc.,--a
distinction not always observed,--cf. line 22.
53-2: =Lo de menos=: _a far less important matter_.
53-3: =Vive le Pape=: (French) _long live the Pope_.
54-1: =la orden=: cf. note _orden_, p. 39, 1.
54-2: =Chateaubriand= (1768-1848): a great French writer. He chose to
be a kind of official paladin of Catholicism.
54-3: =del hacha=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.
55-1: =echar por tierra=: _throw to the ground_.
55-2: =Don Quijote, Sancho Panza=: the would-be knight errant and his
squire, the chief figures of Cervantes' immortal story of Don Quixote,
published in 1605. The passage is from part II, cap. XLII, _sub fine_.
55-3: =Guerra de la Independencia=: (1808-1814): the war waged
against Napoleon, who invaded Spain in 1808.
55-4: =ha de transigir=: _must compromise_. Cf. note _había de
conocer_, p. 3, 4.
55-5: =según que=: nearly always _según_ is followed by the verb
without the intervening _que_.
55-6: =muy de cerca=: _very intimately_.
56-1: =abuelo=: cf. note _papá abuelo_, p. 15, 5.
56-2: =Linares=: mining town near _Almería_.
56-3: =Gádor=: mining town near _Almería_.