hotbed of anachronisms is mediaeval romance; there nations, times and
places, are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a
few examples from Ariosto's great poem, _Orlando Furioso_.
Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by Edward king of
England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the
dukes of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by
Cymosco king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk.
vi.). We have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not
invited over by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's
death. In bk. xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202; and in the
last three books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337.
ANAC'REON, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch that
songs on these subjects are still called Anacreon'tic (B.C. 563-478).
_Anacreon of Painters_, Francesco Albano or Alba'ni (1578-1660).
_Anacreon of the Guillotine_, Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (1755-1841).
_Anacreon of the Temple_, Guillaume Amfrye, abbé de Chaulieu
(1639-1720).
_Anacreon of the Twelfth Century_, Walter Mapes, "The Jovial Toper."
His famous drinking song, "Meum est prepositum ..." has been
translated by Leigh Hunt (1150-1196).
_The French Anacreon_. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the "Pleiad
poets" (1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual president of the _Caveau
Moderne_, a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member
was of necessity a poet (1727-1811).
_The Persian Anacreon_, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is
called _The Divan_ (1310-1389).
_The Sicilian Anacreon_, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815).
ANACREON MOORE, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called
"Anacreon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own
original anacreontic songs.
Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore.
Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 104.
ANAGNUS, Inchastity personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus
(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), Acath'arus, and Asel'gês
(_lasciviousness_), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In
the battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a (_wifely
chastity_), the spouse of Encra'tes (_temperance_) and sister of
Parthen'ia (_maidenly chastity_). (Greek, _anagnos_, "impure.")
(1633.)
ANAGRAMS.
CHARLES JAMES STUART (James I.). _Claims Arthur's Seat_.
DAME ELEANOR DAVIES (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). _Never so
mad a ladie_.
HORATIO NELSON. _Honor est a Nilo_.
MARIE TOUCHET (mistress of Charles IX.). _Je charme tout_ (made by
Henri IV.).
Pilate's question, QUID EST VERITAS? _Est vir qui adest_.
SIR ROGER CHARLES DOUGHTY TICHBORNE, BARONET. _You horrid butcher,
Orton, biggest rascal here._
A'NAH, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet loved
her, but she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried her
off to another planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_.
Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters:
Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive; her
sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring; the one
loving in fear, the other in ambition. She fears
that her love makes her "heart grow impious,"
and that she worships the seraph rather than the
Creator.--Ed. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton).
ANAK OF PUBLISHERS, so John Murray was called by lord Byron
(1778-1843).
AN'AKIM or ANAK, a giant of Palestine, whose descendants were terrible
for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they themselves
were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them.
I felt the thews of Anakim,
The pulses of a Titan's heart.
Tennyson, _In Memoriam_, iii.
(The Titans were giants, who, according to classic fable, made war
with Jupiter or Zeus, 1 _syl_.)
ANAMNES'TES (4 _syl_), the boy who waited on Eumnestês (Memory).
Eumnestês was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a "man of
infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held," but
when unable to "fet" what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept
Anamnestês, who sought out for him what "was lost or laid amiss."
(Greek, _eumnêstis_, "good memory;" _anamne'stis_, "research or
calling up to mind.")
And oft when things were lost or laid amiss,
That boy them sought and unto him did lend;
Therefore the Anamnestes clepêd is,
And that old man Eumnestes.
Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).
ANANI'AS, in _The Alchemist_, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610).
("Wasp" in _Bartholomew Fair_, "Corbaccio" in _The Fox_, "Morose" in
_The Silent Woman_, all by B. Jonson.)
ANARCHUS, king of the Dipsodes (2 _syl_.), defeated by Pantag'ruel,
who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and
married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag." The prince gave the
wedding-feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife,
being a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and
the ex-tyrant did not dare call his soul his own."--Rabelais,
_Pantagruel_, ii. 31 (1533).
ANASTA'SIUS, the hero of a novel called _Memoirs of Anastasius_, by
Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is
the autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his
crimes and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long
series of adventures.
Fiction has but few pictures which will bear
comparison with that of Anastasius, sitting on
the steps of the lazaretto of Trieste, with his
dying boy in his arms.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
ANASTASIUS GRÜN, the _nom de plume_ of Anton Alexander von Auersperg,
a German poet (1806-1876).
ANASTERAX, brother of Niquee [_ne.kay_], with whom he lives in
incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her
god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her.--_Amadis de Gaul_.
AN'CHO, a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms
himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese,
converses with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with
terror. The Ancho hates church bells.
ANCIENT MARINER (_The_), by Coleridge. For the crime of having shot
an albatross (a bird of good omen to seamen) terrible sufferings are
visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance;
but he is doomed to wander over the earth and repeat his story to
others as a warning lesson.
AN'DERSON (_Eppie_), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held by
Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
ANDRÉ (2 _syl_.). Petit-André and Trois Echelles are the executioners
of Louis XI. of France. They are introduced by sir W. Scott, both in
_Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_.
_André_, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde. Dudevant).
This novel and that called _Consuelo_ (4 _syl_.) are considered her
best (1804-1876).
ANDRE'OS, Fortitude personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
Fletcher (canto x.). "None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the
yielding none more sweetly kind." (Greek, _andria_ or _andreia_,
"manliness.")
ANDREW, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.--Sir W.
Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
ANDREWS, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth.--Sir W.
Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
_Andrews (Joseph)_, the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is
a footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of
[Richardson's] "Pamela," a handsome, model young man.
The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good
qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the
dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen
of the county, and his constancy in refusing
bribes and temptation, have something refreshing
in their _naïveté_ and freshness, and prepossess
one in favor of that handsome young hero.--Thackeray.
ANDROCLUS AND THE LION. Androclus was a runaway Roman slave, who took
refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to
pieces, lifted up its fore-paw that Androclus might extract from it a
thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight
with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same
lion was let out against him; it instantly recognized its benefactor,
and began to fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The
story being told of this strange behavior, Androclus was forthwith set
free.
A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English
consul at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day
he went to see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one
which the keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear,
than the beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered
the cage, when the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face,
wagged its tail, and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great
duke that he had brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became
dangerous, and he sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he
bought it of the same man, and the mystery was cleared up.
ANDROMACHE [_An. drom'. a. ky_], widow of Hector. At the downfall of
Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king
of Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled
his advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orestês son of
Agamemnon, arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and
put to death, lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's
death. Pyrrhus told Andromachê that he would protect her son in
defiance of all Greece if she would become his wife, and she
reluctantly consented thereto. While the marriage ceremonies were
going on, the ambassadors rushed on Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he
fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became
the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors hastened to their ships in
flight.--Ambrose Philips, _The Distressed Mother_ (1712).
ANDROMEDA, beautiful daughter of the king of Ethiopia. To appease
Neptune, she was bound to a rock to be devoured by Neptune. Perseus
slew the monster and made the maiden his wife.
ANDRONI'CA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
beauty.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
ANDRONI'CUS (_Titus_), a noble Roman general against the Goths,
father of Lavin'ia. In the play so called, published among those of
Shakespeare, the word all through is called _Andron'icus_ (1593).
_Marcus Andronicus_, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people.
ANDROPH'ILUS, Philanthropy personified in _The Purple Island_,
by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto x. (Greek,
_Andro-philos_, "a lover of mankind.")
ANDY (_Handy_), Irish lad in the employ of Squire Egan. He has
boundless capacity for bulls and blunders.--Samuel Lover, _Handy
Andy_.
ANEAL (2 _syl_.), daughter of Maä'ni, who loves Djabal, and believes
him to be "hakeem'" (the incarnate god and founder of the Druses)
returned to life for the restoration of the people and their return to
Syria from exile in the Spo'radês. When, however, she discovers his
imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her disappointment.--Robert
Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.
_L'ange de Dieu_, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of
the Camisards.
ANGELA MESSENGER, heiress to Messenger's Brewery and an enormous
fortune. In order to know the people of the East End she lives among
them as a dressmaker. She sees their needs, and to supply these in
part, builds _The People's Palace_--or Palace of Delights.--_All Sorts
and Conditions of Men_, by Walter Besant (1889).
ANGEL'ICA, in Bojardo's _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495), is daughter of
Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in
love with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory.
Angelica, on the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately
loves Rinaldo, who positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink
of certain fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their
hearts, for then Rinaldo loves Angelica, while Angelica loses all love
for Rinaldo.
_Angelica_, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516), is the same lady,
who marries Medoro, a young Moore, and returns to Cathay, where Medoro
succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy
and pride.
The fairest of her sex, Angelica,
...Sought by many prowest knights,
Both painim and the peers of Charlemagne.
Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (1671).
_Angelica (The Princess_), called "The Lady of the Golden Tower." The
loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the
second part of _Parismus Prince of Bohemia_, by Emanuel Foord (1598).
_Angelica_, an heiress with whom Valentine Legend is in love. For a
time he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts; but
Angelica gets possession of a bond for £4000, and tears it. The money
difficulty being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably.--W.
Congreve, _Love for Love_ (1695).
Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle equally delighted in melting tenderness and
playful coquetry, in "Statira" or "Millamant;" and even at an advanced
age, when she played "Angelica."--C. Dibden.
_Angelica_, the troth-plight wife of Valère, "the gamester." She
gives him a picture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of
forfeiting her hand. However, he loses it in play, and Angelica in
disguise is the winner of it. After much tribulation, Valère is
cured of his vice, and the two are happily united by marriage.--Mrs.
Centlivre, _The Gamester_ (1705).
ANGELI'NA, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called _The Elder
Brother_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637).
_Angelina_, daughter of don Charino. Her father wanted her to marry
Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a
bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried
to Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search
of them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to
Elvira of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of
Angelina with Carlos.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_.
Angelique' (3 _syl._), daughter of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. Her
lover is Cléante (2 _syl._). In order to prove whether his wife or
daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon
the wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a "disgusting
creature," hated by every one; but the daughter grieved as if her
heart would break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed
to devote the rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul.
Argan, being assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to
her marriage with Cléante.--Molière, _Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
_Angelique_, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French
commoner. She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives
to turn the tables on her husband. George Dandin first hears of a
rendezvous from one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays
the affair before M. and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The
baron with George Dandin call on the lover, who denies the accusation,
and George Dandin has to beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife
and Clitandre together, and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville;
but Angelique, aware of their presence, pretends to denounce her
lover, and even takes up a stick to beat him for the "insult offered
to a virtuous wife;" so again the parents declare their daughter to be
the very paragon of women. Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and
Clitandre together at night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife
out of her room; but Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when
George goes for a light to look for the body, she rushes into her room
and shuts him out. At this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique
accuses her husband of being out all night in a debauch; and he is
made to beg her pardon on his knees.--Molière, _George Dandin_ (1668).
AN'GELO, in _Measure for Measure_, lord deputy of Vienna in the
absence of Vincentio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord
Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio,
but his designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry
Mariana.--Shakespeare (1603).
_An'gelo_, a gentleman friend to Julio in _The Captain_, a drama by
Beaumont and Fletcher (1613).
ANGELS (_Orders of_). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the
angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the
_first_ circle; Thrones and Dominions, in the _second_ circle;
Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, in the
_third_ circle.
Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet
esse, testante sacro eloquio, scimus Angelos,
Archangelos, Virtutes, Potestates, Principatus,
Dominationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim.--St.
Gregory the Great, _Homily_ 34.
(See _Hymns Ancient and Modern_, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.)
ANGER ... THE ALPHABET. It was Athenodo'rus the Stoic who advised
Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to
anger.
Un certain Grec disait à l'empereur Auguste,
Comme une instruction utile autant que juste,
Que, lorsqu' une aventure en colère nous met,
Nous devons, avant tout, dire notre alphabet,
Afin que dans ce temps la bile se tempère,
Et qu'on ne fasse rien que l'on ne doive faire.
Molière, _L'École des Femmes_, ii. 4 (1662).
ANGIOLI'NA (4 _syl_.), daughter of Loreda'no, and the young wife of
Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel Steno,
having behaved indecently to some of the women assembled at the great
civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by order
of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against the
dogaressa. This insult was referred to "The Forty," and Steno was
sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a
very inadequate punishment for the offence.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_.
The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina
is developed most admirably. The great
difference between her temper and that of her
fiery husband is vividly portrayed, but not less
vividly touched is that strong bond of union
which exists in the common nobleness of their
deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in
the old man's thoughts. He does not expect the
fervor of youthful passion in his young wife;
but he finds what is far better--the fearless confidence
of one so innocent that she can scarcely
believe in the existence of guilt.... She thinks
Steno's greatest punishment will be "the blushes
of his privacy."--Lockhart.
ANGLAN'TE'S LORD, Orlando, who was lord of Anglantê and knight of
Brava.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
AN'GLIDES (3 _syl_.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 _syl_.),
brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall ("the falsest traitor that ever
was born"). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son
Alisaunder made their escape to Magounce (_i.e. Arundel_), where she
lived in peace, and brought up her son till he received the honor
of knighthood.--Sir T. Malory, _Hist, of Pr. Arthur_, ii. 117, 118
(1470).
AN'GUISANT, king of Erin (_Ireland_), subdued by king Arthur fighting
in behalf of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson,
_Coming of King Arthur_.
ANGULE (_St._), bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus
Hercu'lius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian.
St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men,
At London, of that see the godly bishop then.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
ANGURVA'DEL, Frithiof's sword, inscribed with Runic characters, which
blazed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace.
ANICE, the woman who steals Fenn's fancy, rather than his heart, from
his wife, in George Parsons Lathrop's story, _An Echo of Passion_
(1882).
ANIMULA, beauteous being revealed in a drop of water by a microscope
of extraordinary and inconceivable power.--_The Diamond Lens_, by
Fitz-James O'Brien (1854).
ANJOU (_The Fair Maid of_), lady Edith Plantagenet, who married David
earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a kinswoman
of Richard Coeur de Lion, and an attendant on queen Berengaria.
[Illustration: symbol] Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in _The
Talisman_ (1825).
ANN (_The princess_), lady of Beaujeu.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
_Ann_ (_The Lady_), the wife who, in John G. Saxe's ballad, _The Lady
Ann_, goes mad at the news of the death of sir John, her husband
(1868).
ANNA (_Donna_), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by don
Giovanni.--Mozart's opera, _Don Giovanni_ (1787).
AN'NABEL, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by
Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott
(countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her
faithless husband.
With secret joy indulgent David [_Charles II_.]
viewed
His youthful image in his son renewed;
To all his wishes nothing he denied,
And made the charming Annabel his bride.
Part i.
ANNABEL LEE. Edgar A. Poe's poem of this name is supposed to be
a loving memorial to his young wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of
consumption at Fordham, N.Y., in 1847.
The angels, not half so happy in heaven
Went envying her and me;
Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,
In this kingdom by the sea)
That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. (1848.)
ANNA PASTORIUS, wife of Pastorius in Whittier's poem, _The
Pennsylvania Pilgrim_. At his cry "Help! for the good man faileth!"
she points to her aloe-tree, and reminds him that as surely as "the
century-moulded bud shall burst in bloom," love and patience will soon
or late conquer wrong (1872).
AN'NAPLE [BAILZOU], Effie Dean's "monthly" nurse.--Sir W. Scott,
_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
_An'naple_, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of the Heugh-foot, a young
farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
ANNE (_Sister_), the sister of Fat'ima, the seventh and last wife of
Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the
locked chamber, is allowed a short respite before execution. Sister
Anne ascends the high tower of the castle, with the hope of seeing
her brothers, who are expected to arrive every moment. Fatima, in her
agony, keeps asking "sister Anne" if she can see them, and Blue Beard
keeps crying out for Fatima to use greater despatch. As the patience
of both is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from
death.--Charles Perrault, _La Barbe Bleue_.
_Anne_, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendragon,
and her mother Ygerna, widow of Gorloïs. She was given by her brother
in marriage to Lot, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of
Norway.--Geoffrey, _British History_, viii. 20, 21.
[Illustration] In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse
(_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2); Tennyson calls her Bellicent
(_Gareth and Lynette_). In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king
of Orkney.
ANNE CATHERICK, half-witted girl, the natural sister of Laura Fairlie,
to whom she bears a strong resemblance. This circumstance suggests to
the villain of the book the deception of showing her dead body as that
of Laura, as a step toward securing the fortune of the latter.--_The
Woman in White_, by Wilkie Collins (1865).
ANNE DOUGLAS, heroine of _Anne_, a novel by Constance Fenimore Woolson
(1882). The scene laid on the Island of Mackinac, Mich.
ANNETTE, daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian,
captain of the patrol.--J.E. Ware, _The Polish Jew_.
ANNETTE AND LUBLIN, by Marmontel, imitated from the _Daphnis and
Chloe_ of Longos (_q.v._).
ANNIE KILBURN, the conscientious heiress who returns to a New England
homestead after long residence abroad, and endeavors to do her duty in
the station to which Providence has called her. Prim, pale, pretty,
and not youthful except in heart.--_Annie Kilburn_, by William Dean
Howells (1888).