Born in Chestertown, Md.; died in Philadelphia, Pa. He changed his
profession from saddle-making to portrait painting. He received
some instructions from John Singleton Copley and in 1770 went to
London, where he met Benjamin West, under whom he studied. In 1776 he
established himself in Philadelphia, painting portraits. He became a
Captain in the Revolutionary War, a member of the Legislature, and
founded, in 1802, "Peale's Museum." He took up in turn the making of
coaches, harness, clocks and watches, besides working as a silversmith;
he was a naturalist, dentist and author, but was most famous as a
portrait painter, having painted fourteen portraits of Washington from
life.
REMBRANDT PEALE (1778-1860).
Son of Charles Wilson Peale; was born in Bucks Co., Pa., and died in
Philadelphia. After receiving instructions from his father he went
to England and studied under Benjamin West. He made several trips
to Europe and painted many portraits in various cities in the United
States. At the age of seventeen he painted Washington's portrait.
PIETRO PERUGINO (1446-1524).
Born at Citta della Pieve, near Perugia, and died at the latter place.
It is believed that he studied under Andrea Verocchio at Florence. The
family name of Perugino was Vannucci.
BONAVENTURA PETERS (1614-1652).
Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, who became one of the most eminent
marine painters of his time. It is not known by whom he was instructed.
GIOVANNI BATTISTA PIAZZETTA (1682-1754).
A Venetian painter, who was first instructed by his father and later
became a pupil of Antonio Molinari. He died at Venice.
ROBERT EDGE PINE (1742-1790).
Son of John Pine, an English designer and engraver, who instructed him.
He was born in London and came to Philadelphia in 1784 to paint the
portraits of distinguished persons.
SEBASTIANO DEL PIOMBO (1485-1547).
Born at Venice; his real name was Sebastiano Luciano. He first studied
with Giovanni Bellini and then with Giorgione, becoming the most
distinguished disciple of his school.
EGBERT VANDER POEL (1621-1664).
A Dutch painter, native of Delft, and died at Rotterdam. His favorite
subjects were conflagrations, fire-works and interiors by candle-light.
CORNELIUS POELEMBURG (1586-1667).
Born at Utrecht, he studied under Abraham Bloemaert and then went to
Italy. His style was a combination of the Flemish and Italian schools.
FRANCIS PORBUS (1570-1622),
"the younger," was born at Antwerp and studied with his father. He
acquired distinction as a portrait painter in Paris, where he died.
PETER PORBUS (1513-1584).
A Dutch painter and architect, born at Gouda. He settled at Bruges,
where he died. He acquired distinction in history and portraits.
PAUL POTTER (1625-1654).
Son of Peter Potter, born at Enkhuysen, and was the pupil of his father.
His subjects were landscapes with different animals, in which he
excelled. He established himself at The Hague.
GASPAR POUSSIN (1613-1675).
Born at Rome, the son of a Frenchman, and was adopted by Nicholas
Poussin as his son, and taught him to paint. He became an eminent
landscape painter and died at Rome.
NICHOLAS POUSSIN (1594-1665).
Born at Andely, in Normandy, and was descended from a noble family. He
received his first instructions in art from Quinton Varin and then went
to Paris and later to Rome, where he died.
WILLIAM H. POWELL (1823-1879).
Born and died in New York City. He was a pupil of Henry Inman and later
studied in Paris and Florence. He painted historical subjects and
portraits.
ROBERT M. PRATT (1811-1880).
Born in Binghamton, N. Y.; died in New York City. He studied under
Samuel F. B. Morse and Charles C. Ingham, and became a figure and flower
painter. He also painted portraits.
PIERRE PAUL PRUD'HON (1758-1823).
French painter, born at Clugny, and studied in the Academy of Dijon and
later went to Rome, returning to France in 1789.
ADAM PYNAKER (1621-1673).
Dutch landscape painter, born at the village of Pynaker. He visited Rome
while very young and on returning to Holland gained distinction.
AUGUSTUS QUERFURT (1696-1761).
A German painter, born at Wolfenbüttel, who after receiving instructions
from his father went to Augsburg and studied under Rugendas. He died at
Vienna.
JOHN RAMAGE.
An Irishman who painted miniatures in Boston, Mass. In 1777 he was
established in William Street, New York, where he painted the military
heroes while the city was in the British occupation.
JEAN RAOUX (1677-1734).
A French historical and portrait painter, born at Montpellier. He
studied in the School of Bon Boulogne, at Paris.
RAPHAEL SANZIO DI URBINO (1483-1520).
Styled the Prince of Painters, and acknowledged to have possessed a
greater combination of the higher excellencies of art than has fallen to
the lot of any individual. He was placed in the School of Perugino after
having learned the elements of design from his father, Giovanni Sanzio,
a painter of little celebrity. He visited Florence and Rome, and died at
the latter place at the age of thirty-seven years.
JOHN VAN RAVESTEYN (1572-1657).
Dutch portrait painter, born at The Hague. He was a pupil of Michael
Mierevelt, and his works have great merit.
PAUL REMBRANDT (1606-1669).
One of the most eminent painters and engravers of the Dutch School, born
at a small village on the banks of the Rhine, between Leyderdorp and
Leyden. He entered the School of Jacob van Zwaanenberg at Amsterdam and
later studied with Peter Lastmann and Jacob Pinas.
GUIDO RENI (1575-1642).
Born at Bologna, the son of Samuel Reni, who placed him in the School of
Denis Calvart and later in the Academy of Caracci. He was also a pupil
of Lodovico. He visited Rome and Naples and died at Bologna.
SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS (1723-1792).
Born at Plymouth, England, and studied under Hudson. After visiting
various cities in Italy he settled at London and was appointed President
of the Royal Academy in 1768 and shortly after was knighted by the king.
He is called the founder of the British School of Painting.
JOSÉ RIBERA (1588-1656).
Called Il Spagnoletto. A Spanish painter, born at Xatia, in Valencia.
He entered the School of Francisco Ribalta and later studied under
Caravaggio at Naples.
ANDREW RICHARDSON.
An English painter of landscapes who exhibited a number of paintings,
and of whom Dunlap says: "I am ignorant of his history."
HYACINTHE RIGAUD (1659-1743).
A French portrait painter, born at Perpignan; he settled at Lyons and
in 1681 visited Paris to study historical painting, but accepting the
advice of Charles Le Brun, he confined himself to portrait painting.
HUBERT ROBERT (1733-1808).
Born at Paris, where he acquired the rudiments of art. He visited Rome
and studied in the French Academy under the direction of Carlo Natoire.
His work was principally architectural and perspective views.
JACOPO ROBUSTI (TINTORETTO) (1512-1594).
Called Il Tintoretto, because he was the son of a dyer. He was born at
Venice and a pupil of Titian, who became jealous of his success and
banished him from his studio. His works are numerous and exhibit an
extraordinary combination of beauties and defects. He died at Venice,
aged eighty-two years.
HENRY MARTIN ROKES (1621-1682).
A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam, who acquired a knowledge of art from
William Buytenweg, and later studied under the younger Teniers, whose
style he followed.
GIO FRANCESCO ROMANELLI (1610-1662).
Italian painter, born and died at Viterbo. He studied in the school of
Pietro da Cortona, under the patronage of Cardinal Barberini. He visited
Paris, where he was honored by Louis XIV.
GIULIO ROMANO (1492-1546).
Born at Rome, and was a pupil of Raphael and his most distinguished
disciple. He was particularly successful in battle-pieces and also
gained great distinction as an architect.
THEODORE ROMBOUTS (1597-1637).
A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, who studied under Abraham Janssens.
He visited Rome and Florence, then settled at Antwerp, where he died.
JOHN HENRY ROOS (1631-1685).
A Dutch painter, born at Otterberg. He was apprenticed to Julian du
Jardyn, a painter of little note, and later studied under Adrian de Bie,
an able designer of landscapes and animals.
SALVATORE ROSA (1615-1673).
Born at Renilla, near Naples, he first studied under Francesco
Fracanzani, his brother-in-law, and later in the Academy of Giuseppe
Ribera. He died at Rome.
JOHN ROTTENHAMER (1564-1623).
A German painter, born at Munich. He received his first instruction
from an obscure artist named Donnaver. At Venice he studied the works
of Tintoretto. After years of study in Italy he returned and settled at
Augsburg, where he died.
PETER PAUL RUBENS (1577-1640).
Born at Siegen of a distinguished family, he was placed under the
instruction of Tobias Verhaecht, and later entered the schools of Adam
van Oort and Otho van Veen. He was one of the most original painters
that ever lived, and his subjects are unlimited. He died at Antwerp.
JACOB RUYSDAEL (1630-1682).
Dutch landscape painter, born at Haerlem. He was the son and pupil of
Izack van Ruysdael and became a great landscape painter.
SOLOMON RUYSDAEL (1616-1670).
Brother of the preceding, born at Haerlem. He was a pupil of Van de
Velde and Jan van Goyen. His subjects were river views and landscapes.
DAVID RYCKAERT (1612-1661).
Born at Antwerp and instructed by his father, David Ryckaert. He devoted
himself to interiors with peasants, fairs, etc. He died at Antwerp.
CORNELIUS SAFTLEVEN (1607-1682).
A Dutch painter, born at Gorinchem. It is not known under whom he
studied, but he settled at Antwerp, where he acquired considerable
reputation.
C. B. JULIEN ST. MEMIN (1770-1852).
Born and died in Dijon, France. He introduced in America, a machine
called a "physionotrace," by which the human profile could be copied
with mathematical accuracy and produced over 800 engraved portraits of
distinguished citizens. Later he took up portrait and landscape painting
and in 1817 was appointed director of the Museum at Dijon.
GIOVANNI BATTISTA SALVI (1605-1685).
Called Il Sassoferrato, from the place of his nativity. He first studied
under his father, Tarquinio Salvi, and then in Rome and Naples.
ANDREA DEL SARTO (1487-1531).
Born at Florence. His real name was Andrea D'Agnolo, but called del
Sarto from the occupation of his father, who was a tailor. He studied
first under Gio Barile, a wood engraver, and then under Pietro di Cosimo.
SASSOFERRATO, _see_ SALVI.
WALTER SATTERLEE (1844-1905).
Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., and was a graduate of Columbia University in
1863. Student of the National Academy of Design and under Edwin White.
At Paris he studied with Leon Bonnat.
EDWARD SAVAGE (1761-1817).
Born and died in Princeton, Mass. He was a goldsmith, who turned his
attention to portrait painting, and painted Washington's portrait for
Harvard University.
LOUIS JAQUES SCHAAL (1800- ).
Born at Paris, he entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1816, and was a
pupil of Daguerre and Lethière. He was a painter and engraver.
GODFREY SCHALCKEN (1643-1706).
Dutch historical portrait painter, born at Dort. He first studied with
Soloman van Hoogstraten and later entered the school of Gerard Douw at
Leyden. He died at The Hague.
BARTOLOMEO SCHIDONE (1560-1615).
He was born at Modena. His early history is very contradictory, but he
emulated the style of Correggio very closely.
MARTIN SCHOEN (1445-1491).
A German painter and engraver; also known as Schongauer. Born and died
at Colmar. He was the earliest German engraver on copper plates.
CESARE DA SESTO (1480-1521).
He is regarded as the most distinguished disciple of Leonardo da Vinci.
Born at Milan. He went to Rome to study and became acquainted with
Raphael there.
JAMES SHARPLESS (1751-1811).
Born in England; died in New York City. He first came to this country
in 1794. He travelled through the country making pastel portraits of
distinguished persons; among them is Washington's, which he made in 1796
at Philadelphia. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Peter's Church
in Barclay Street.
JAMES H. SHEGOGUE (1810-1879).
He painted mainly portraiture, and first exhibited at the Academy
of Design in 1835, and was Corresponding Secretary of the Academy,
1848-1852.
FRANKLIN SIMMONS (1839- ).
Sculptor, born in Webster, Me. During the close of the Civil War he was
at Washington, where the Cabinet members and army and navy officers sat
for life-size medallions.
FRANCIS SNYDERS (1579-1657).
A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp. He studied under Henry van Balen and
frequented the studio of Rubens. He resided in Antwerp.
SPAGNOLETTO, _see_ RIBERA, JOSÉ.
JUNIUS BRUTUS STEARNS (1810-1885).
Born in Arlington, Vt.; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. He studied at the
Academy of Design, New York City, and went to Europe in 1848, returning
in 1851. His work was mainly portraiture.
JAN STEEN (1626-1679).
Dutch painter, born at Leyden, and studied first under Nicholas Knufer
and later with John van Goyen, whose daughter he married. He lived a
dissipated life, and his pictures usually represented merrymakings and
frolics of the ale-house.
TOMMASO STEFANO (1324-1356).
The son and scholar of Stefano, Il Florentino. He adhered so closely to
Giotto, that he was called Il Giottino. He died at Florence at a young
age.
ANTHONY STEVERS (PALAMEDES) (1600-1673).
A Dutch painter, born at Delft. He was more frequently employed in
painting conversation pieces, card and musical parties.
WILLIAM O. STONE (1830-1875).
Born in Derby, Conn., and died in Newport, R. I. He studied with
Nathaniel Jocelyn at New Haven, and in 1851 removed to New York and
painted portraits almost entirely.
WILLIAM STRICKLAND (1787-1854).
Born in Philadelphia; died in Nashville, Tenn. He was an architect, and
in 1809 took up landscape painting. He also did considerable work as an
aquatint engraver.
GILBERT C. STUART (1755-1828).
Born at Narragansett; died in Boston, Mass. He was a pupil of Cosmo
Alexander, a Scotchman, with whom he went to Edinburgh. Later he became
a student under Benjamin West. In 1792 he returned to the United States
from his second visit abroad, and painted many portraits in the various
cities. An exhibition of his portraits, held in Boston in 1880, brought
together 754 of them and this was not a complete list.
EUSTACHE LE SUEUR (1616-1655).
Born at Paris; the son of an obscure sculptor, who placed him under the
tuition of Simon Vouet. Although he never visited Italy he emulated the
Roman School and was called the French Raphael.
THOMAS SULLY (1783-1872).
Born in England and died in Philadelphia. Came to the United States when
a boy and took up miniature painting with his brother, Laurence Sully.
Turning to portrait painting, he studied under Stuart and West and
settled in Philadelphia and was most successful in portraits of women.
JUSTUS SUSTERMANS (1597-1681).
Flemish painter, born at Antwerp. He first studied under William de Vos
and later with Francis Pourbus. He travelled through Germany to Italy
and at Florence was appointed painter to the Grand Duke Cosmo II.
TEMPESTA, _see_ MOLYN, PETER.
DAVID TENIERS, THE YOUNGER (1610-1694).
Born at Antwerp. He was the pupil of his father, but it seems was
also associated with Adrian Brower and Rubens. He acquired an immense
reputation, and died at Brussels.
GERARD TERBURG (1617-1681).
Dutch painter, born at Zwolle, who received his first instructions from
his father. He travelled through Germany, Italy and France, and upon
returning to Holland was one of the most popular painters of his time.
LUTHER TERRY (1813- ).
Born in Enfield, Conn. In 1838 he went to Italy to study and copied the
works of Raphael. He painted historical, portrait and genre compositions.
ALFRED WORDSWORTH THOMPSON (1840-1896).
Born in Baltimore, Md.; died at Summit, N. J. He studied in Paris under
Charles Gleyre and Albert Pasini. He travelled extensively and his
painting covered a wide range of subjects.
CEPHAS G. THOMPSON (1809-1888).
Born in Middleboro, Mass., and died in New York City. He received some
instruction from his father and began portrait painting in Plymouth,
Mass. After spending seven years in Rome he returned to America and
settled in New York City in 1860.
GIOVANNI BATTISTA TIEPOLO (1696-1749).
Born at Venice; he studied under Gregorio Lazzarini and later the works
of Gio. Battista Piazzetta and Paul Veronese. He acquired a great
reputation and executed many works for churches and public edifices. He
died at Madrid.
JOHN TILIUS.
Dutch painter, of the last half of the seventeenth century, born at
Bois-le-Duc. He painted portraits and conversations after the manner of
Gaspar Netscher.
TINTORETTO, _see_ ROBUSTI, JACOPO.
BENVENUTO TISIO (1481-1559).
Called Il Garofolo, from the place of his nativity. He ranked at the
head of the Ferrarese School. He was an universal painter, though he
devoted himself mostly to sacred history.
TITIAN (1477-1576).
The greatest painter of the Venetian School, whose name was Tiziano
Vecellio or Vercelli. He was descended of a noble family and born at
the castle of Cadore. At the age of ten he was placed under Sebastiano
Zuccati and later under Gentile and Giovanni Bellini.
DOMINICK VAN TOL.
A nephew and student of Gerard Douw and one of the most successful
imitators of his style and subjects. He was born between 1631 and 1642
at Bodegrave, and died at Amsterdam in 1676.
ROBERT TOURNIER (1668-1752).
A French painter, born at Caen, in Normandy. After studying under Lucas
de la Haye, he visited Paris and entered the School of Bon Boulogne.
BENJAMIN TROTT.
Born about 1740, and began painting miniatures about 1791. He
established himself at New York, removing to Philadelphia with Gilbert
Stuart. After a trip west he went to Charleston, S. C., then to Newark,
N. J., New York and Boston, reaching the latter place, probably his
native city, in 1833, after an absence of more than forty years.
JEAN FRANÇOIS DE TROY (1679-1752).
Son of François de Troy, born at Paris. He studied under his father,
and later went to Italy to study the works of the best masters. He was
appointed Director of the French Academy at Rome.
JOHN TRUMBULL (1756-1843).
Born in Lebanon, Conn.; died in New York City. Served in the
Revolutionary War and rose to the rank of Colonel. Studied under
Benjamin West, and painted portraits and historical subjects. He was
also in the diplomatic service of the United States. Most of his
pictures are in the art gallery of Yale College.
GEORGE W. TWIBILL (1806-1836).
Born in Lampeter, Pa.; died in New York City. He studied under Henry
Inman in 1828, and was elected an associate of the National Academy in
1832, and an academician the following year.
PAOLO MAZZOCCHI UCCELLO (1397-1475).
Born at Florence, and a disciple of Antonio Veneziano. He was one of the
first who cultivated perspective.
JOACHIM UYTENWAEL (1566-1624).
Dutch painter, born in Utrecht. He first painted on glass under the
instruction of his father, and then became the scholar of Joseph de Beer.
JUAN DE LEAL VALDEZ (1630-1691).
Spanish painter, born at Cordova, who studied in the school of Antonio
del Castillo. At Seville he became acquainted with Murillo and acquired
a great reputation.
E. VALLIN.
Was a scholar of Prudhomme.
JOHN VANDERLYN (1775-1852).
Born and died in Kingston, N. Y. He attended the drawing school of
Archibald Robertson, and later studied under Gilbert Stuart. He painted
portraits, and in 1796 went to France, where he remained some years. He
painted the portraits of many distinguished men, but died poor.
SIR ANTHONY VAN DYCK (1599-1641).
Flemish painter, born at Antwerp. After receiving his first instructions
from his father, he studied under Henry van Balen and then entered the
school of Rubens, and became a great portrait painter.
CHARLES ANDRÉ VANLOO (1705-1765).
Born at Nice. He was first instructed by his brother, Jean Baptiste
Vanloo, with whom he went to Rome, and studied some time under Benedetto
Luti.
JACOB VANLOO (1614-1670).
A Dutch painter, born at Sluys, the son of John Vanloo, who first
instructed him. He went to Amsterdam and then to Paris, where he settled.
LUCAS VANUDEN (1595-1672).
Born at Antwerp, and learned the art of painting from his father and
his own studies of nature. He was employed by Rubens to paint the
backgrounds in his pictures, who in turn enriched Vanuden's landscapes
with historical figures.
LUCAS AND MARTIN VAN VALKENBURG.
These two brothers were painters of the Flemish school, who travelled
together and painted landscapes. They were born at Mechlin, the former
in 1530 and the latter in 1533.
DIEGO RODRIQUEZ DE SILVA Y VELASQUEZ (1599-1660).
Born at Seville. He was the most eminent painter of the Spanish school.
He first studied under Francesco Herera, and later entered the school of
Francisco Pacheco, whose daughter he married. He was a friend of Rubens
and Ribera, and painter to the King of Spain.
ADRIAN VAN DE VELDE (1636-1672).
Dutch painter, born at Amsterdam, and studied under John Wynants, one of
the ablest landscape painters of his time. He afterwards studied under
Philip Wouwermans.
WILLIAM VAN DE VELDE (1633-1707),
the Younger, was born at Amsterdam, and received his first instructions
from his father (a Dutch marine painter), and later studied with Simon
de Vlieger.
ABRAHAM VERBOOM.
A Dutch painter, of whom little is known except from his works. He
flourished about the middle of the seventeenth century and painted
landscapes.
CORNELIUS VER BRYCK (1813-1844).
Born in Yaugh Paugh, N. J.; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. He studied under
Samuel F. B. Morse, and in 1839 visited London, England. His health
failed in 1843 and he again went to Europe, but died the following year.
PETER VERELST.
A Dutch painter, born at Amsterdam, 1614. Imitated Rembrandt in his
portraits and Adrian Van Ostade in his genre pictures. Was living in
1665.
SIMON VERELST (1640-1710).
A Flemish painter, son of Pieter Verelst, born at Antwerp, whose
instructor is unknown. He painted flowers and fruit most exquisitely.
Died in London.
CLAUDE JOSEPH VERNET (1714-1789).
French marine and landscape painter, born at Avignon. He first studied
under Adrian Manglard and later with Bernardino Fergioni. He lived in
Italy twenty years.
HORACE VERNET (1789-1863).
Born at Paris in the Louvre, and received his chief instructions
from his father, Antoine C. H. Vernet. He lived in Italy five years,
returning to Paris in 1835.
VERONESE, PAUL, _see_ CALIARI, PAOLO.
DANIEL VERTANGEN (1598- ).
Dutch painter, born at The Hague; studied under Cornelius Poelemburg,
whose style he imitated.
JAN VICTOR (1620-1672),
or Fictoor. A Dutch painter who painted subjects taken from the Old
Testament, after the style of Rembrandt, in whose school he was educated.
LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519).
An eminent painter and sculptor, the son of Pietro da Vinci, notary to
the Florence Republic. He became the student of Andrea Verocchio, whom
he soon surpassed. He visited Milan, Venice and Rome, and in 1516 he
went to France at the invitation of Francis I. and spent the last three
years of his life there.
JOSEPH VOLLMERING (1810-1887).
Born in Anholt, Westphalia, and died in New York City. He first studied
in the Academy of Amsterdam and later under Barend Cornelis Koek-Koek.
In 1847 he removed to the United States and opened a studio in New York.
ARY DE VOYS (1641-1698).
Dutch painter, born at Leyden. He first studied under Nicholas Knufer
and then with Abraham vander Tempel, but adopted the style of Peter van
Slingelandt, with whom he was intimate.
JOHN RENIER DE VRIES.
A landscape painter who followed the style of Jacob Ruysdael. He
flourished in the latter part of the seventeenth century.
FERDINAND G. WALDMULLER (1793-1865).
Born at Vienna, he studied under Lampi and Maurer. Was Curator to the
Lamberg Gallery in the Academy at Vienna, where he died.
SAMUEL L. WALDO (1783-1861).