Daniel Huntington. He visited Europe several times and was president of
the National Academy 1869-1871.
HORATIO GREENOUGH (1805-1852).
Sculptor, born in Boston, Mass., and died in Somerville, Mass. When
a boy he was taught the rudiments of his art by a French sculptor,
Binon. He entered Harvard, where he met Washington Allston; but before
completing his college course Greenough sailed for Europe in 1825, where
he lived permanently.
JEAN BAPTISTE GREUZE (1725-1805).
Born at Tournus; died at Paris. He studied in School of Grandon, a
portrait painter at Lyons, where he made rapid progress.
ANTHONY GRIFF OR GRIEF (1670-1715).
Flemish painter of landscapes, dead game and dogs. Born at Antwerp and
died at Brussels.
WILLIAM GRIMALDI (1751-1830).
Born in Shoreditch, England, and died in London. Studied under Worlidge
and afterward at Paris. He was a miniature painter and painted for
members of the Royal Family.
JEAN ANTOINE THEODORE GUDIN (1802-1879).
Born at Paris and died at Boulogne. He was marine painter of harbor and
coast scenes, also landscapes. He practised etching and lithography.
GUIDO, _see_ RENI.
GUIDO GUIDONE SIENA.
An old Sienese painter who made great improvement over the Greeks before
the time of Cimabue and Giotto.
FRANCIS GUY (1760-1820).
Born in England and came to New York in 1795, going to Philadelphia and
Baltimore, where he established dye-works. He also had been a tailor,
but always worked at landscape painting, to which he was devoted. About
1817 he returned to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he died.
JAN HACKAERT (1636-1699).
Born at Amsterdam, he became one of the ablest landscape painters of the
Dutch School. He was a friend of Adrian Vandervelde.
FRANCIS HALS (1584-1666).
Flemish portrait painter, born at Antwerp and died at Haerlem. He was a
disciple of Karel van Mander and a friend of Van Dyck.
GEORGE P. A. HEALY (1813-1894).
Born in Boston, Mass. He went to Paris in 1836 and occasionally visited
the United States. He resided in Chicago from 1855 to 1867 and then made
his residence in Rome and in Paris. He was one of the best American
portrait painters of the French School. He died at Chicago.
MATTHEW VAN HELMONT (1653-1719).
Flemish painter, born at Brussels, who studied under D. Teniers and
painted similar subjects to those of that master. He died at Antwerp.
BARTHOLOMEW VANDER HELST (1611-1670).
Dutch painter, born at Haerlem, who painted historical subjects and
portraits. He died at Amsterdam.
EGBERT VAN HEMSKERK (1645-1704).
Called "the younger," was born at Haerlem and died at London. He studied
under Peter Grebber and painted drunken scenes and drolls.
MARTIN VAN VEEN HEMSKERK (1498-1574).
Dutch painter, born at Hemskerk, the son of Jacob William van Veen. He
studied under John Lucas and in the school of John Schoorel. Later he
studied the works of Michael Angelo.
GUILLIAM VAN HERP (1614-1677).
Born and died at Antwerp. Pupil of Damiaan Wortelmans and painted
history and genre. He came under the influence of Rubens.
JOHN VANDER HEYDEN (1637-1712).
Born at Gorcum; he obtained his knowledge of design from a glass
painter. He painted churches, palaces, ruins and views of cities. Died
at Amsterdam.
THOMAS HICKS (1823-1890).
Born in Newtown, Pa. He studied in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
and in 1838 entered the National Academy in New York. After studying
abroad he returned to New York City in 1849 and began a successful
career as a portrait painter.
JOHN WILLIAM HILL (1812-1879).
Born in England and died in this country. He did aquatint work and
drew upon stone for the lithographers. Later he painted landscapes in
water-colors and achieved considerable reputation.
THOMAS HILL (1829- ).
Born in Birmingham, England. He came to the United States in 1840 and
settled in Taunton, Mass. Until 1853 he followed the profession of
ornamental painting, then studied in the life-class of the Pennsylvania
Academy at Philadelphia. He removed to California and painted landscapes.
MINDERHOUT HOBBEMA (1638-1709).
Born at Coeverden, Holland, and resided at Amsterdam. He was a friend of
Ruysdael and their styles are similar.
WILLIAM HOGARTH (1697-1764).
Born at London. His father was a schoolmaster, who apprenticed him to an
engraver, after which he entered the Academy of St. Martin's Lane.
HANS HOLBEIN (1497-1554).
A Swiss painter and wood engraver, born at Augsburg. He was the son and
scholar of John Holbein. He visited England and painted a number of
portraits, including Henry VIII., who gave him apartments in the palace.
He died at London.
GERARD HONTHORST (1590-1656).
A Dutch painter, born at Utrecht, who studied under Abraham Bloemaert.
Going to Rome he studied the works of M. A. Caravaggio and later settled
at The Hague.
PETER DE HOOGHE (1632-1681).
A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam and died at Haerlem. His usual
subjects were interiors of Dutch apartments with figures.
JOHN HORREMANS, THE ELDER (1682-1759).
A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, whose favorite subjects were
conversation pieces. Studied under Michiel Vander Voort and Jan van Pee.
JEAN ANTOINE HOUDON (1740-1828).
Sculptor, born at Versailles, France; died at Paris. He studied his art
under Michel Ange Slodtz and later under Pigale. In 1785 he accompanied
Franklin to the United States and spent two weeks at Mount Vernon to
prepare his statue of Washington, now in Richmond, Virginia. He produced
many masterpieces which placed him foremost of French sculptors.
JAN VAN HUGTENBURG (1646-1733).
Dutch painter and engraver, born at Haerlem. He studied under Thomas and
Jacob Wyck and later became acquainted with Vander Meulen who gave him
instruction. Died at Amsterdam.
DANIEL HUNTINGTON (1816-1906).
Born and died in New York City, and was a classmate of Charles L.
Elliott at Hamilton College. In 1835 he studied with Samuel F. B. Morse.
In 1839 he visited Europe and again in 1844. Returning to New York in
1846 he devoted himself chiefly to painting portraits, and was elected
President of the National Academy of Design.
CORNELIUS HUYSMANS (1648-1727).
A Flemish landscape painter, born at Antwerp, who later settled at
Mechlin. He was placed in the school of Gaspar de Wit and then studied
under Jacques Artois. He is also known as Houseman of Mechlin, where he
died.
CHARLES C. INGHAM (1797-1863).
Born in Dublin, Ireland; died in N. Y. City. He studied in the Academy
of Dublin and settled in New York in 1817, being one of the founders of
the National Academy of Design.
HENRY INMAN (1801-1846).
Born in Utica, N. Y.; died in New York City. Pupil of John Wesley
Jarvis, with whom he studied seven years, painting miniatures. Later he
acquired a high reputation as a portrait painter.
CHAUNCEY B. IVES (1812- ).
Sculptor, born in Hamden, Conn., the son of a farmer. At the age of
sixteen he apprenticed himself to E. R. Northrup, a wood carver, and
later studied with Hezekiah Augur. He lived most of the time abroad at
Rome, making occasional visits to America. For a short time in 1855 he
had a studio in New York and received many orders.
KARL DU JARDIN (1625-1678).
Born at Amsterdam and studied under Nicholas Berghem. He went to Italy
where he was received by the Bentevogel Society. His works are mostly
confined to landscapes.
JOHN WESLEY JARVIS (1780-1834).
Born in South Shields, England; died in New York City. He came to
Philadelphia in 1785 and with but little instruction began to paint
portraits in which he became popular. The bust of Thomas Paine, now in
the Society collection, was executed by Jarvis.
WILLIAM JEWETT (1792-1873).
Born in East Haddam, Conn., and died at Bayonne, N. J. He began life
as a farmer and was apprenticed to a coach-maker at New London, Conn.,
for whom he prepared paints and assisted in coloring carriages. At
New London he met Samuel L. Waldo whose assistant he became and later
collaborated with him in painting portraits.
DAVID JOHNSON (1827-1908).
Born in New York City and received a few lessons from Jasper F. Cropsey.
His paintings represent mostly American scenery. He was a member of the
National Academy of Design. He died at Walden, N. Y.
EASTMAN JOHNSON (1824-1906).
Born in Lowell, Me., and died in New York City. He first settled in
Augusta, Me., and executed portraits in black and white and in pastel.
In 1845 he removed to Washington, D. C., and in 1849 visited Europe,
returning to the United States in 1856. In 1858 he settled in New York.
He was an excellent portrait painter.
JACOB JORDAENS (1593-1678).
Born and died at Antwerp. He studied under Adam van Oort, whose daughter
he married. He was associated with Rubens, whose style he imitated.
JEAN JOUVENET (1644-1717).
French painter, born at Rouen, the son of Laurent Jouvenet, who taught
him the first principles of the art. Later he studied with Nicholas
Poussin. Died at Paris.
WILLIAM KALF (1630-1693).
Dutch painter, born and died at Amsterdam. He studied under Hendrick
Pot, an historical painter, and after leaving that master he acquired a
reputation painting still life.
JOHN F. KENSETT (1818-1872.)
Born in Cheshire, Conn.; died in New York City. Studied under his father
as an engraver and went into the employ of the American Bank Note
Company at New York. He went to Europe to study Art in 1845 with other
artists. Returning in 1847, he established himself in New York.
ALBERT KLOMP.
A Dutch painter whose pictures are dated from 1602 to 1632 and have much
merit.
JAN KOBELL (1779-1814).
The son of Hendrick Kobell, born at Delfshaven. He was placed under the
instruction of W. R. vander Wal, and adopted Paul Potter for his model.
BAREND C. KOEK-KOEK (1803-1862).
Born at Middleburg, Zeeland, and died at Cleves. He was a student of the
Amsterdam Academy under Schelfhout and Van Oos. In 1841 he founded an
Academy of Design at Cleves.
CHRISTIAN KÖHLER (1809-1861).
Born at Werben, studied at Berlin Academy, and was professor at the
Düsseldorf Academy 1855-58. He painted historical subjects and died at
Montpellier.
EDWARD J. KUNTZE (1826-1870).
Sculptor, born in Pomerania, Prussia; died in New York City. He studied
in Stockholm, Sweden, and lived for some years in London, England. In
1852 he came to America and achieved a reputation.
SIEGMUND LACHENWITZ (1820-1868).
Born at Neuss and died at Düsseldorf. Was a student at the Düsseldorf
Academy 1840-1867, studying animal life.
GERARD DE LAIRESSE (1641-1711).
Flemish painter, born at Liége and died at Amsterdam. He was the son of
Renier Lairesse, who taught him the elements of design, later studying
under Bertholet Flemael.
JAMES R. LAMBDIN (1807-1889).
Born in Pittsburg, Pa.; studied under Thomas Sully, and established
himself as a portrait painter. He was professor of fine arts in the
University of Pennsylvania and an officer of the Pennsylvania Academy of
Fine Arts.
LOUIS LANG (1814-1893).
Born in Waldsee, Württemberg, Germany. He studied at Stuttgart and
Paris, and came to the United States in 1838 and resided in Philadelphia
and New York, making frequent trips to Europe. Died at New York.
NICHOLAS DE LARGILLIÈRE (1656-1746).
Born at Paris, and studied under Francis Gobeau, a painter of landscapes
and still life. He became a successful portrait painter.
ROBERT E. LAUNITZ (1806-1870).
Sculptor, born in Riga, Russia; died in New York City. He studied under
Thorwaldsen and in 1828 came to New York. He was the instructor of
Thomas Crawford and has been called the father of monumental art in
America.
PHILLIPPE LAURI (1623-1694).
Son of Baldassare Lauri; born at Rome, and studied first under his
brother, Francesco Lauri, and at the latter's death entered the school
of Angelo Caroselli, his brother-in-law.
SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE (1769-1830).
An English portrait painter, born at Bristol, England, and studied under
Mr. Hoare and in the Royal Academy. He was encouraged and advised by
Reynolds. After the death of Benjamin West he was chosen president of
the Royal Academy.
OLIVER I. LAY (1845- ).
Born in New York City, and was a pupil of Thomas Hicks. He studied at
the Cooper Institute and the National Academy.
JACOB H. LAZARUS (1823-1891).
Born and died at New York. He was a pupil of Henry Inman and had a
successful career as a portrait painter in this city.
SIR PETER LELY (1618-1680).
A German portrait painter, born at Soest, in Westphalia. He studied in
the school of Peter Grebber, of Haerlem, for two years. His style of
painting resembled that of Van Dyck, whom he imitated. He died at London.
NICHOLAS BERNARD LEPICIÉ (1735-1784).
A French painter, the son of Bernard Lepicié; born and died at Paris;
studied under Carl Vanloo.
LUCAS VAN LEYDEN (1494-1533).
So called from the place of his birth; was the son of Hugo Jacobs,
who instructed him in the rudiments of art and later placed him with
Cornelius Engelbrechtsen. He became a friend of Dürer.
HENRY LEYS (1815-1869).
Born and died at Antwerp. Studied at the Antwerp Academy and under de
Brackeleer.
JOHN LINGELBACH (1625-1687).
Born at Frankfort, Germany, and died at Amsterdam. He went to Amsterdam
when very young, and later visited Paris and Rome to study.
SEBASTIAN LLANOS Y VALDES (1602-1668).
A Spanish painter who flourished at Seville and studied under Francisco
d'Herrera the Elder. He became president of the Academy of Seville.
ARTEMISIA LOMI (1590-1642).
Called Gentileschi. An Italian paintress, born in Rome; went to
England and later resided at Naples, where she married Pietro Antonio
Schiattesi. She was the daughter and pupil of Orazio Lomi who adopted
the name Gentileschi from his maternal uncle.
LORENZO IL MONACO (1370-1425).
An Italian painter who died at Florence. He was a follower of Angiolo
Gaddi.
ANTHONY DE LORME.
A Dutch painter of whom little is known. He flourished at Rotterdam
about 1640-1666. His pictures represent interiors of churches and other
edifices.
CLAUDE LORRAINE (1600-1682).
Born in Chamagne, Lorraine, and learned the first rudiments of art
from his brother, who was an engraver on wood. He entered the Academy
of Godfrey Waal at Naples and later studied under Agostino Tassi, a
landscape painter at Rome.
BERNARDINO LUINI (1475-1530).
Born at Luino in the Milanese on the Lago Maggiore, and from his style
is considered to have been a follower of Leonardo da Vinci, but first
studied under Stefano Scotto.
NICHOLAS MAAS (1632-1693).
A Dutch painter, born at Dort. He entered the school of Rembrandt and
became an excellent colorist. After painting historical subjects for a
while, he devoted himself to portrait painting.
JOHN DE MABUSE.
A Flemish painter, born at Maubeuge about 1472 and died in 1533. It is
not known under whom he studied. He went to Italy in 1508. His family
name was Gossart.
MACRINO D'ALBA.
A native of Alladio, and a citizen of Alba, whose name was Fava. It is
not known with whom he studied or when he was born or died. His works
are dated 1496 to 1508.
ANDREA MANTEGNA (1431-1506).
He was born at Vicenza and became the pupil and adopted son of
Squarcione. He married the daughter of Jacopo Bellini. He was also an
early engraver and did much for that art.
OTHO MARCELLIS (1613-1673).
A Dutch painter, born and died at Amsterdam. It is not known under whom
he studied. He painted curious plants, insects, serpents and other
reptiles, and acquired great celebrity in this singular branch of the
art.
EDWARD D. MARCHANT (1806-1887).
Born in Edgarton, Mass.; died in Asbury Park, N. J. In 1843 he went
West, and in 1845 settled in Philadelphia and painted many portraits.
JACOB MARREL (1614-1685).
Born at Utrecht; died at Frankfort. Was a pupil of Georg Flegel and
painted flowers and fruit.
QUINTIN MATSYS (1450-1530).
A Flemish painter, born and died at Antwerp. He was a blacksmith until
his twentieth year, and it is not known under whom he studied art. His
style was unlike any other master.
LUDOVICO MAZZOLINO (1481-1530).
Born at Ferrara, and a student of Lorenzo Costa. There is a great
confusion of names as applied to this artist. He may be placed after
Garofalo, among the masters of his native town.
FRANCESCO MAZZUOLI (1504-1540).
Called "Il Parmiggiano"; was born at Parma. He received instructions
from his uncles, who taught him what they knew in the art. He was also
distinguished as an engraver.
JOHN VANDER MEER (1656-1705).
Born and died at Haerlem; the son of John vander Meer, under whom he
first studied and afterwards with Berghem.
JAN MEMLING (1430-1494).
Flemish painter, born at Mümling, who studied under Roger Van der
Weyden. He settled in Bruges.
SIMONE MEMMI (1283-1344).
A Sienese painter and one of the earliest who distinguished themselves
after the revival of the art. He was a pupil of Duccio.
GEORGES MICHEL (1763-1843).
French painter, born and died at Paris, whose work was chiefly
landscapes. Pupil of Leduc.
JOHN MIEL (1599-1664).
Born near Antwerp, and studied under Gerard Seghers. Went to Rome and
entered the school of Andrea Sacchi, who employed him to assist in his
works. He died at Turin.
PIERRE MIGNARD (1610-1695.)
Born at Troyes, and resided at Rome twenty-two years, where he acquired
the name "the Roman." He studied under Jean Boucher and in the school of
Simon Vouet at Paris, where he died.
CLARK MILLS (1815-1883).
Sculptor, born in Onondaga Co., N. Y.; died in Washington, D. C. In 1835
he discovered a new method of taking a cast from a living face, which
enabled him to make busts very cheaply. Later he began cutting busts
in marble with much success and executed the statue of "Freedom" now
standing above the dome of the Capitol at Washington, D. C.
JOHN MOLENAER (1610-1668).
Born and died at Haerlem, he painted country scenes in the style of
Steen and Brouwer. Was the best of the Molenaers.
NICHOLAS MOLENAER (1629-1676).
Born at Amsterdam, and painted landscapes in the manner of Ostade.
PETER MOLYN (1632-1701),
the Younger, called Il Tempesta by the Italians, was born at Haerlem,
and studied under his father, and then imitated the style of Francis
Snyders. His sea subjects and storms at sea gave him the name Il
Tempesta.
LUIS MORALES (1509-1586).
A Spanish painter, born at Badajos in Estremadura. His works are said to
resemble in many respects those of Leonardo da Vinci.
GEORGE MORLAND (1763-1804).
Born and died at London. He was the son of Henry Robert Morland, a
portrait painter in crayons, and engraver. He exhibited many pictures at
the Royal Academy.
SAMUEL F. B. MORSE (1791-1872).
Born at Charlestown, Mass.; died in New York City. He graduated at Yale
in 1810 and then studied under Washington Allston, with whom he went
to London, where he was admitted to the Royal Academy, also studying
under Benjamin West. In 1823 he settled in New York and opened a studio,
painting portraits. He was a founder of the National Academy.
FREDERICK MOUCHERON (1633-1686).
Flemish painter, born at Embden and died at Amsterdam. He studied under
John Asselyn, a landscape painter. He designed everything after nature.
ISAAC MOUCHERON (1670-1744).
Born and died at Amsterdam. He was the son of the preceding and received
his instruction from his father. He followed the style of Gaspar
Poussin, painting chiefly landscapes, decorating the saloons and halls
of the nobility and wealthy persons.
WILLIAM S. MOUNT (1807-1868).
Born and died in Setauket, L. I. At the age of seventeen he came to New
York and became associated with his elder brother, Henry S. Mount, as a
sign painter. In 1826 he entered the National Academy of Design, and in
1829 established himself as a portrait painter. Later he devoted himself
to genre painting.
BARTOLOMÉ ESTÉBAN MURILLO (1617-1682).
Spanish painter, born and died at Seville. Was placed in the academy of
his uncle, Don Juan del Castillo, and later studied under Velasquez at
Madrid.
MICHAEL VAN MUSSCHER (1645-1705).
A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam and died at Amsterdam. First studied
under Martin Zaagmoolen, and afterwards under Abraham vander Tempel,
Gabriel Metzu, and Adrian van Ostade.
JAN VAN NECK (1636-1714).
Born at Naarden, and studied under Jacob de Backer. He settled at
Amsterdam. He painted portraits and historical subjects.
PETER NEEFS (1577-1657).
Born at Antwerp. Studied under Henry Steenwyck and painted interiors
similar to those of his master.
ARNOLD VANDER NEER (1604-1677).
Born at Gorinchem and removed to Amsterdam. His instructor is not known.
He painted landscapes and excelled in moonlight views.
VICTOR NEHLIG (1830- ).
Born in Paris, and was a pupil of Leon Cogniet and Abel de Pujol. He
came to the United States in 1856 and settled in New York. Many of his
works are illustrative of American History. He returned to Europe in
1872.
CONSTANTINE NETSCHER (1670-1722).
Dutch portrait painter, born at The Hague, who studied under his father,
Gaspar Netscher, whose style he followed.
CASPAR NETSCHER (1639-1684).
Born at Heidelberg, Germany, and died at The Hague. He studied under
Koster and in the school of Terburg. He settled in Holland and acquired
fame as a portrait painter.
GILBERT STUART NEWTON (1797-1835).
Born in Halifax, N. S.; died in Chelsea, England. He received some
instruction from his uncle, Gilbert Stuart. When a youth he went to
Europe and entered the Royal Academy in London. There he lodged with
Washington Irving. In 1831 he sailed for the United States, married in
Boston and returned to England in October, 1832, and died three years
later.
JACOB VAN OCHTERVELDT.
A Dutch painter, of whom little is known except by his works, in which
he imitated the style of Gerard Terburg. He flourished about 1670.
BALTHASAR PAUL OMMEGANCK (1755-1826).
Born and died at Antwerp. He studied with H. Antonissen and became an
eminent landscape and animal painter.
JACOB VAN OOST (1600-1671).
A Flemish painter, born at Bruges and died there. He imitated Annibale
Caracci after he went to Rome to further his studies.
BERNARD VAN ORLEY (1490-1542).
Born at Brussels and at an early age went to Rome and studied under
Raphael and later assisted him. He returned to Brussels with a
distinguished reputation.
SAMUEL S. OSGOOD (1808-1885).
Born in Boston, Mass.; married Frances S. Locke (who wrote under the nom
de plume of "Fanny Forrester"). He studied art in Europe and settled in
New York City, making a specialty of portrait painting.
ADRIAN VAN OSTADE (1610-1685).
Dutch painter, born at Haerlem and studied under Francis Hals. He was
an ardent friend of Adrian Brower, a fellow student. His subjects are
always from low life.
ISAAC VAN OSTADE (1621-1649).
Brother of Adrian, under whom he studied and whose style he imitated,
but later adopted a style of his own in painting out-door scenes.
JEAN BAPTISTE OUDRY (1686-1755).
French painter and engraver, born at Paris, and studied under Nicholas
Largillière. He acquired distinction in painting hunting pieces,
cavalcades, etc. He died at Beauvais.
WILLIAM PAGE (1811-1885).
Born in Albany, N. Y.; died in Tottenville, S. I. He studied under James
Herring and Samuel F. B. Morse; also entered the Academy of Design.
He spent eleven years in Europe, from 1849 to 1860, and returning to
New York, was president of the Academy of Design. He painted mostly
portraits.
JACOPO PALMA (1480-1528).
Called Il Vecchio, to distinguish him from his great nephew, called Il
Giovine. He was a native of Serinalta in the Bergamese Territory.
ERASTUS DOW PALMER (1817-1904).
Sculptor, born in Pompey, Onondaga Co., N. Y. Was first a carpenter by
trade, then executed cameo portraits, and finally undertook sculpture
proper. All his knowledge was acquired in America, and it was not until
he had become famous that he visited Europe.
GIOVANNI PAOLO PANNINI (1691-1764).
Born at Piacenza. He studied under Pietro Lucatelli at Rome, but
followed the style of Salvator Rosa, and became a master of the art of
perspective and architecture.
JOHN PARADISE (1783-1834).
Born in New Jersey; died in New York City. He was a pupil of Denis
A. Volozan at Philadelphia, and in 1810 removed to New York. He is
principally known by his portraits of Methodist divines.
JEAN BAPTISTE PATER (1695-1736).
French painter, born at Valenciennes, and became the pupil of Anthony
Watteau, whose style and subjects he imitated.