=5.= In estimating carpentry work, it is advisable to make a tabulated
list of the various sizes of joists, rafters, etc., giving the number
and dimensions of each size. In this way, any error in calculation or
change in price can be corrected with little difficulty.
As house-framing timbers and boards are sold at the yards in even
lengths, as 10 feet, 12 feet, 14 feet, etc., uneven, or odd,
measurements must be figured in even lengths from which they can be
cut. Thus, if a stick 14 feet 7 inches in length is required, a 16-foot
stick must be ordered.
Usually, the price per thousand feet, board measure, increases as
longer sticks are used, although the practice varies in different
localities. For example, in most localities hemlock timber in 10-, 12-,
or 14-foot lengths is all one price per thousand, but a thousand feet,
board measure, of 16-foot lengths costs more, and 18-foot lengths is
still more expensive. The price of yellow pine, spruce, fir, etc. is
usually constant up to 20-foot lengths, but from that length on the
prices increase. The price of white-pine boards in most localities
increases with their width. The hardwoods can be usually obtained in
any reasonable length, the price increasing with the quality of the
lumber more than with the length of the stick.
It can thus be seen that in house framing it is usually cheaper to use
short sticks than long ones. However, for long members, a long stick is
cheaper, because the extra cost that would be incurred in splicing two
short sticks would more than offset the cheapness of the material. Of
course, when very long sticks are required, say sticks 30 feet or more
in length, a splice is cheaper, owing to the difficulty of obtaining
them and their very excessive price.
No set rules can be laid down as to what size timber should be ordered,
and every architect and builder should be governed by the prices in the
locality where the house is to be put up.
FLOOR FRAMING, FIRST STORY
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Joists, 3" × 10"; 2½ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
6 pieces, each 14' 6", order 16' 96
2 pieces, each 15' 3", order 16' 32
1 piece, 16' 3", order 18' 18
5 pieces, each 17' 6", order 18' 90
1 piece, 12' 6", order 14' 14
6 pieces, each 11' 0", order 12' 72
1 piece, 9' 6", order 10' 10
18 pieces, each 14', order 14' 252
1 piece, 11' 6", order 12' 12
3 pieces, each 10' 6", order 12' 36
1 piece, 9' 4", order 10' 10
6 pieces, each 24', order 24' 144
1 piece, 11' 4", order 12' 12
2 pieces, each 20' 6", order 22' 44
6 pieces, each 20', order 20' 120
4 pieces, each 21', order 22' 88
2 pieces, each 7', cut out of 14' 14
2 pieces, each 13', order 14' 28
1 piece, 10', order 10' 10
------
Total 1,102 2,755
FLOOR FRAMING, SECOND STORY
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Girder, 6" × 12"; 6 ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
1 piece, 8' 9", order 10' 10 60
Joists, 2" × 10"; 1⅔ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
15 pieces, each 14', order 14' 210
2 pieces, each 15' 6", order 16' 32
5 pieces, each 17', order 18' 90
3 pieces, each 15', order 16' 48
14 pieces, each 16', order 16' 224
2 pieces, each 7', cut out of 14' 14
2 pieces, each 10', order 10' 20
4 pieces, each 11', order 12' 48
7 pieces, each 24', order 24' 168
3 pieces, each 20' 6", order 22' 66
4 pieces, each 12' 6", order 14' 56
2 pieces, each 13' 6", order 14' 28
------
Total 1,004 1,673
Joists, 3" × 10"; 2½ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
(Headers) 2 pieces, each 8' 9", order 10' 20
2 pieces, each 6', cut out of 12' 12
5 pieces, each 9' 9", order 10' 50
11 pieces, each 19' 6", order 20' 220
----
302 755
FLOOR FRAMING, ATTIC
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Joists, 2" × 10"; 1⅔ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
15 pieces, each 14', order 14' 210
2 pieces, each 15' 6", order 16' 32
5 pieces, each 17', order 18' 90
3 pieces, each 15', order 16' 48
14 pieces, each 16', order 16' 224
2 pieces, each 7', cut out of 14' 14
2 pieces, each 10', order 10' 20
4 pieces, each 11', order 12' 48
7 pieces, each 24', order 24' 168
3 pieces, each 20' 6", order 22' 66
4 pieces, each 12' 6", order 14' 56
2 pieces, each 13' 6", order 14' 28
-----
Total 1,004 1,673
Joists, 3" × 10"; 2½ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
2 pieces, each 8' 9", order 10' 20
2 pieces, each 6', cut out of 12' 12
5 pieces, each 9' 9", order 10' 50
11 pieces, each 19' 6", order 20' 220
---
Total 302 755
FLOOR FRAMING, FRONT PORCH
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Joists, 3" × 9"; 2¼ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
3 pieces, each 7', cut out of 14' 21
1 piece, 6' 9", cut out of 14' 7
2 pieces, each 10', order 10' 20
1 piece, 8' 6", order 10' 10
--
Total 58 131
Joists, 2" × 6"; 1 ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
2 pieces, each 21' 6", order 22' 44
2 pieces, each 19' 3", order 20' 40
4 pieces, each 8', cut out of 16' 32
1 piece, 10' 3", order 12' 12
6 pieces, each 9', order 10' 60
2 pieces, each 4' 6", cut out of 10' 10
5 pieces, each 6', cut out of 12' 30
3 pieces, each 2', cut out of 12' 6
4 pieces, each 5', cut out of 10' 20
3 pieces, each 9', order 10' 30
---
Total 284 284
FLOOR FRAMING, BACK PORCHES
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Joists, 2" × 6"; 1 ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
2 pieces, each 21', order 22' 44
3 pieces, each 8', order 8' 24
--
Total 68 68
Joists, 3" X 6"; 1½ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
[10] 5 pieces, each 5' 9", cut out of 12' 36
12 pieces, each 6' 9", cut out of 14' 84
1 piece, 8' 6", order 10' 10
2 pieces, each 3' 6", cut out of 8' 8
--- ---
Total 138 207
BRIDGING
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
2" × 4"; ⅔ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
First floor, 170 pieces, each 1' 6" 255
Second floor, 138 pieces, each 1' 6" 207
Third floor, 138 pieces, each 1' 6" 207
---
Total 669 446
[10] One joist will be left over here, but this cannot easily be helped.
MAIN-ROOF FRAMING[11]
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Rafters, 2" × 6"; 1 ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
15 pieces, each 20', order 20' 300
14 pieces, each 19' 3", order 20' 280
1 piece, 18', order 18' 18
2 pieces, each 16', order 16' 32
2 pieces, each 14', order 14' 28
1 piece, 13' 4", order 14' 14
3 pieces, each 10' 6", order 12' 36
3 pieces, each 8' 6", order 10' 30
1 piece, 6' 9", order 8' 8
3 pieces, each 5', cut out of 16' 16
3 pieces, each 3', cut out of 10' 10
4 pieces, each 17', order 18' 72
1 piece, 12' 6", order 14' 14
1 piece, 10' 9", order 12' 12
2 pieces, each 9', order 10' 20
1 piece, 7', order 8' 8
18 pieces, each 9' 6", order 10' 180
2 pieces, each 13', order 14' 28
2 pieces, each 7' 9", cut out of 16' 16
2 pieces, each 6' 6", cut out of 14' 14
4 pieces, each 3' 6", cut out of 14' 14
4 pieces, each 8', cut out of 16' 32
2 pieces, each 11', order 12' 24
8 pieces, each 5' 3", cut out of 12' 48
1 piece, 6', cut out of 10' 6
2 pieces, each 2', cut out of 10' 4
8 pieces, each 11', order 12' 96
-----
Total 1,360 1,360
Valley rafter, 3" × 10"; 2 ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
1 piece, 24' 6", order 26' 65
Ridge plates, 2" × 10"; 1⅔ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
1 piece, 23' 6", order 24' 24
1 piece, 29' 3", 16' and 14', butted and cleated 30
1 piece, 9', order 10' 10
--
Total 64 107
Plates, 3" × 6"; 1½ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
4 pieces, each 10' 6", order 12' 72
Octagonal post, 6" × 6" × 3' 9
PORCH-ROOF FRAMING
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Rafters, 2" × 6"; 1 ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
2 pieces, each 9' 6", order 10' 20
22 pieces, each 8' 6", order 10' 220
4 pieces, each 6' 6", cut out of 14' 28
8 pieces, each 7', cut out of 14' 56
2 pieces, each 11', order 12' 24
---
Total 348 348
Rafters, 2" × 5"; ⅚ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
27 pieces, each 8', cut out of 16' 216
2 pieces, each 3' 6", cut out of 16' 8
8 pieces, each 6' 6", cut out of 14' 56
2 pieces, each 10' 6", cut out of 14' 21
2 pieces each, 3', cut out of 14' 6
---
Total 307 256
Plate, 5" × 10"; 4⅙ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
5 pieces, each 15', order 16' 80 333
Sills, 3" × 5"; 1¼ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
2 pieces, each 10', order 10' 20
5 pieces, each 9', order 10' 50
--
Total 70 88
[11] In the attic plan, which shows the lines of the roof, the lines of
the dormers are omitted so as to make the important hips and valleys
more prominent.
WALL STUDDING
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Wall plates, 4" × 11"; 3⅔ ft. B. M.,
per lin. ft.:
10 pieces, each 18', order 18' 180 660
Studs, 2" × 5"; ⁵/₆ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
[12]63 pieces, each 21', order 22' 1,386
106 pieces, each 12', order 12' 1,272
20 pieces, each 20', order 20' 400
10 pieces, each 8' 6", order 10' 100
-----
Total 3,158 2,632
PARTITION STUDDING
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
First floor, 2" × 4"; ⅔ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
Studs, 160 pieces, each 9' 9", order 10' 1,600
Sills, 16 pieces, each 15', order 16' 256
-----
Total 1,856 1,237
Second floor, 2" × 4"; ⅔ ft. B. M., per
lin. ft.:
Studs, 180 pieces, each 9' 9", order 10' 1,800
Sills, 10 pieces, each 15', order 16' 160
-----
Total 1,960 1,307
Attic, 2" × 4"; ⅔ ft. B. M., per lin. ft.:
Studs, 54 pieces, each 8' 9", order 10' 540
Studs, 133 pieces, each 6' 6", cut from 14' 938
-----
Total 1,478 985
MISCELLANEOUS
_Quantities_
LINEAR FEET
FEET B. M.
Lookouts:
50 pieces, each 3" × 1" × 2', cut from 8' 25
37 pieces, each 6" × 1" × 2', cut from 8' 37
Furring, for brick walls, 1" × 2"; ⅙ ft. B.
M., per lin. ft.:
125 pieces, each 11', order 12' 1,500 250
----- ------
Grand total of framing 18,578
[12] Where studs over 20 feet are required, it is sometimes more
economical to use two short studs, inserting a plate over the
first-story studs and resting the feet of the second-story studs
thereon.
_Cost_
The price of the framing is based on the following cost of 1,000 feet
board measure of hemlock, which includes framing.
1,000 ft. of hemlock $28.00
Nails and spikes, allowing 100 lb. to 3,000 ft.
of lumber, at $2 per 100 pounds .67
[13] Cost of framing, per 1,000 feet of lumber 12.00
------
Cost per thousand feet B. M. $40.67
[13] This value would appear high if compared with Table VI,
_Estimating and Calculating Quantities_, Part 1, but this table
represents ideal conditions, where there are no delays, mistakes,
legitimate office expenses, nor foreman's time included.
_Summary_
The amount of material, as previously estimated, is 18,578 ft. B. M.,
which, at $40.67 per M, will make the total cost of framing $755.57.
SHEATHING
_Quantities_
FEET
B. M.
Main roof, 2,200 sq. ft. × 1 in 2,200
Tower roof, 370 sq. ft. × 1 in 370
Porch roof, 637 sq. ft. × 1 in 637
Outside walls, laid diagonally, 2,417 sq. ft.
+ 10 per cent. 2,659
-----
Total sheathing 5,866
SHINGLES
_Quantities_
Area to be covered (see wall sheathing),
2,417 sq. ft.= 24.2 squares
Shingles, 4 in. wide, and 5 in. exposure,
number per square 720
Number of shingles required, 24.2 × 720 17,424
Add 5 per cent. for waste 871
------
Total shingles 18,295
_Cost_
The cost of sheathing in place is assumed to be the same as that for
hemlock lumber, $40.67 per M. The total sheathing is 5,866 square feet,
which, at $40.67 per M, will make the cost of sheathing $238.57.
The cost of shingles is based on the following analysis of the cost of
1,000 shingles in place:
1,000 shingles XXXX $ 5.50
[14] Labor: one man can lay about 700 shingles per day;
wages being $3.20, 1,000 will cost 4.57
Nails (about) .25
-----
Cost per thousand $10.32
[14] Usually a man can lay more than 700 shingles per day, but the roof
under consideration is very much cut up.
From the preceding estimate, the number of shingles required is 18,295,
which, at $10.32 per 1,000, will make the cost of shingles in place
$188.80.
_Summary_
Sheathing $238.57
Shingles 188.80
-------
Total cost of sheathing and shingles $427.37
FLOORING
_Quantities_
SQUARE
FEET
First floor, area (net) 1,312
Second floor, area (net) 1,312
Attic floor, area (net) 1,071
Porch floors, area (net) 523