=97. Shutter Fasteners, or Adjusters.=—The most convenient fastener for
shutters, or blinds, is the _Zimmerman_, or _Walling, type_, as shown
in Fig. 138. These fasteners or adjusters secure the shutter in the
closed, the open, and several intermediate positions, and are made both
japanned and galvanized. They can be used with all styles of hinges,
although they are generally combined with regular butts or with the New
York blind hinge.
[Illustration: FIG. 138]
[Illustration: FIG. 139]
=98. Shutter Rings.=—In Fig. 139 is shown a =shutter ring=. Rings
should always be used on solid shutters to close them; the shutter
being solid, furnishes in itself no edge which can be clasped in
closing, which is not the case with slatted blinds. These shutter rings
are tinned or galvanized to prevent rusting, although they may also
be obtained japanned. A better type of shutter ring is that having an
eye riveted to a plate, which in turn is attached to the shutter with
several screws.
=99. Shutter Bolts.=—Bolts are used for securing both slatted and solid
shutters, but are chiefly intended for the solid shutter, which is used
for protection. Shutter bolts are made of wrought steel in various
sizes, from 6 to 16 inches long, and are to be had either japanned or
galvanized. While the same shutter bolts are used on slatted blinds for
keeping the blinds in a closed position, they afford little protection,
as they can usually be operated through the slats. Common types of
shutter bolts are illustrated in Fig. 140. At (_a_) is shown the
ordinary wrought-steel shutter bolt, while the one shown at (_b_) is
practically the same bolt with a lock attachment at _a_.
=100. Shutter Workers.=—The =shutter worker= known as the _Mallory_ is
an exceptionally good article for hanging shutters. The lower hinge is
made in box form, enclosing the gear necessary to operate the blind; a
square shaft connects this with a lever handle, or crank, fastened to
the casing inside the building, thus allowing the user to operate the
shutter from the inside without opening the sash or screen. The cog
gearing in the lower hinge will hold the shutter in the closed, the
open, or any desired intermediate position without the use of any other
device.
[Illustration: FIG. 140]
=101. Turnbuckles.=—The device shown in Fig. 141 is known as a
=turnbuckle=; it is employed for fastening shutters in an open position
against a building. Turnbuckles are made of cast-iron or of wrought
steel, and for use on either frame or brick buildings. They may be used
in connection with all styles of hinges, and are generally employed on
buildings that are exposed to exceedingly strong winds.
[Illustration: FIG. 141]