M214 The accession of Edward II.
341 "Tunc visa est Londonia quasi nova Jerusalem monilibus
ornata."--Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series No. 76), i, 152.
342 "Ad quam coronationem major, aldermanni et cives Londoniarum induti
samiteis et sericeis vestimentis et ex armis Angliae et Franciae
depictis, coram rege et regina Karolantes, et servi civium ad illud
festum, ut moris est, de cupa servientes, omnibus intuentibus
inauditum proviserunt gaudium."--_Id. ibid._
M215 The king's foreign favourites.
343 Letter Book C, fo. 93 (Riley's Memorials, p. 64).
344 Letter Book D, fo. 96 (Memorials, pp. 69-71).
345 Letter Book C, fo. 97 b (Memorials, p. 69).
346 Letter Book D, fo. 104 (Memorials, pp. 72-74).
M216 The Ordainers and their work, 1308-1311.
347 Chron. of Mayors and Sheriffs, pp. 224-225.
348 Letter Book D, fo. 147b.
M217 The City's gift of 1,000 marks to assist the king against Scotland,
March, 1311.
349 -_Id._, fo. 125b.
M218 Richer de Refham, Mayor, 1310-1311.
350 "Eodem anno (_i.e._ 1302), die Lunae ivto Kalendas Februarii,
restitutus est Richerus de Refham in honore aldermanniae Londoniarum,
et factus est aldermannus de Warda de Basseishawe."--Chron. Edward I
and II, i, 104.
351 Among those who were called to account was a woman remarkable for
her name--"Sarra la Bredmongesterre." A selection of the cases
enquired into is printed in Riley's Memorials, pp. 86-89.
352 "Sed quia idem Richerus fuerat austerus et celer ad justitiam
faciendam nulli parcendo, et quia fecit imprisonare Willelmum de
Hakford, mercer, ideo dictus W, et sui complices insurrexerunt in
ipsum et ideo depositus fuit ab officio majoris et postea
aldermanniae suae."--Chron. Edw. I and II, i, 175-176.
M219 The fall of Gaveston.
353 Letter Book D, fo. 142.
354 -_Id._, fos. 142b-143b (Memorials pp. 93-98.)
355 -_Id._, fos. 142b, 143b, 145b.
356 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 203.
357 Lib. de Antiq., fo. 43b. Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's Transl.), p.
250.
358 Letter Book C, fo. 45.
359 Letter Book C, fo. 92b (Memorials p. 63).
M220 Parliament at London. August, 1312.
360 The city chose as its representatives, Nicholas de Farendone, John
de Wengrave, and Robert de Kelleseye. Letter Book D. fos. 149b, 151,
151b.
361 -_Id._, fos. 151b, 152 (Memorials pp. 102-104.)
M221 The birth of a prince, 13 Nov., 1312.
362 -_Id._, fo. 168 (Memorials, pp. 105-106).
M222 The question of the king's rights to talliage the city, 1312-1314.
363 Letter Book D, fos. 164, 164b.
364 Letter Book E, fo. 18. (Memorials, pp. 108-110).
M223 The renewal of the war with Scotland, 1314.
365 Letter Book D, fo. 165.
366 Chron. Edward I and II, ii, 55, 56.
367 Letter Book E, fo. 84. (Memorials, pp. 128-129).
M224 Dissension in the city, 1318-1319.
368 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 285.
M225 Articles for the better government of the city confirmed by the
king, 8th June, 1319.
369 Aungier's French Chron. (Riley's translation), p. 252.
370 Lib. Cust. (Rolls Series) i, 269.
371 Dated York, 8th June, 1319. These letters patent are preserved at
the Guildhall (Box No. 4). Ten days later [18th June] Edward granted
an ample inspeximus charter to the city, the original of which does
not appear among the archives. _See_ Lib. Cust. i, pp. 255-273.
372 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's translation), p. 253.
373 In this year [1318-19] the new charter was confirmed by the king,
and cost L1,000. _Id._, p. 252.
M226 The Iter at the Tower of 1321.
374 Chron. Edward I and II, Introd., vol. ii, p. lxxxiv.
375 Lib. Cust. (Rolls Series) i, 285-432.
376 Rolls Series i, 51-60. Copies of the Ordinances are also to be found
in the Liber Horn (fos. 209, _seq._) and Liber Ordinationum (fos.
154b _seq._) of the city's archives.
M227 Complaint of negligence of duty by the sheriffs.
377 Lib. Cust. i, 289, 308.
M228 The city claims to record its custom by mouth of the Recorder.
378 Lib. Cust., i, 296.
M229 the 4th day of the Iter.
379 -_Id._, i, 308-322.
380 -_Id._, i, 322-324.
381 -_Id._, i, 324-325.
M230 The 9th day of the Iter.
382 -_Id._, i, 347-362.
383 "Et fuit illo die post horam vesperarum antequam Justiciarii et
duodenae perfiniebant; sed neminem eodem die indictaverunt."--Lib.
Cust., i, 366.
M231 Indictment against a late mayor.
384 Lib. Cust., i, 371-374.
M232 The city taken into the king's hand.
385 -_Id._, i, 378. Chron. Edward I and II, i, 291. Aungier, Fr. Chron.,
p. 253.
M233 Adjournment of the Iter over Easter.
M234 Sudden change in the attitude of the judges after Easter.
386 "Qui cum quasi leones parati ad praedam ante Pascham extitissent,
nunc, versa vice, quasi agni vicissim facti sunt."--Lib. Cust., i,
383-384.
M235 Andrew Horn appears as counsel for the City.
M236 The indictment brought against the Constable of the Tower.
387 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 216, 272.
388 Lib. Cust., i, 408, 409.
M237 The Iter brought to a sudden termination. 4 July, 1321.
389 -_Id._, i, 425.
M238 The mayoralty restored to the city.
390 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 291. The precise date of his election is
not known. Bishop Stubbs, in his introduction to the Chronicle cited
(i, p. lxxxii), states it to have taken place in January. This can
hardly have been the case, inasmuch as the city had not been taken
into the king's hands before the middle of February--forty-one days
after the commencement of the Iter. See Lib. Cust. i, p. 378.
M239 The City promises to support the king, July, 1321.
391 Letter Book E, fos. 119b-120 (Memorials, pp. 142-144).
M240 Letter from the Earl of Hereford and the City's reply.
392 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 293, 296.
M241 Terms arranged between the king and the lords, 14 August.
393 -_Id._, i, 297.
M242 Chigwell continued in the mayoralty.
394 Dated, Boxle, 25 October. Patent Roll 15, Edward II, Part 1, m. ii.
395 Chron. Edward I and II, i, p. 298. Re-elected "by the commons at the
king's wish."--Aungier Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 254.
M243 The queen insulted by Lady Badlesmere.
396 Chron. Edward I and II, i, pp. 298-299.
M244 Attempt to issue a "charter of service."
397 Aungier, Fr. Chron., pp. 254, 255.
398 The charter, dated Aldermaston, 12th December, 15 Edward II [A.D.
1321], with seal (imperfect) attached, is preserved at the Guildhall
(Box No. 4.)
M245 The Londoners at Boroughbridge, 16 March, 1322.
399 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 301.--Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's
transl.). p. 255.
M246 The character of the citizen soldier in the field.
400 "Car c'est le plus perilleux peuple [sc. the English] qui soit au
monde et plus outrageux et orgueilleux et de tous ceux d' Angleterre
les Londriens sont chefs ... ils sont fors durs et hardis et haux en
courage; tant plus voyent de sang respandu et plus sont cruels et
moins ebahis."--Froissart's Hist. (ed. Lyon, 1559), pp. 333-334.
401 Macaulay, Hist., cap. iii.
M247 Defeat and execution of the Earl of Lancaster, March, 1322.
402 Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), pp. 257, 264.
M248 Edward again despotic, 1322-1323.
403 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 303.
404 -_Id._, i. 305. Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 257.
405 By the king's writ, dated Ravensdale, 29 Nov., Letter Book E. fo.
148. According to the French Chronicle (Aungier, p. 258) Chigwell
recovered the mayoralty on the feast of St. Nicholas [6 Dec.]. On
the 7th Dec. he was admitted and sworn into office.
M249 Escape of Roger Mortimer from the Tower. Aug. 1323.
406 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 301, 305, 318 n.
407 "Propter insidiantes domini regis et aliorum malorum
hominum."--_Id._, i, 306.
M250 A feud between the Weavers and the Goldsmiths, 1324.
408 -_Id._, i, 307.
M251 Departure of the queen for France, 9 March, 1324.
409 Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 259.
410 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 308. Easter is given as the date of her
departure by the Fr. Chron. (p. 259), Easter Day falling on the 15th
April in that year.
M252 Her return to England, 24 September, 1326.
411 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 260.
M253 The City lost to Edward.
412 See her proclamation issued at Wallingford, 15th Oct. Rymer's
Foedera, vol. ii, part 1, pp. 645, 646.
413 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 314, 315.
414 Dated Baldock, 6 Oct., 1326. City's Records, Pleas and Memoranda,
Roll A I, membr. x (12).
415 Aungier. Fr. Chron. (Riley's translation), pp. 262, 263.
M254 The murder of Bishop Stapleton, 15 October, 1326.
416 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 315, 316. Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 263.
417 Chron. Edward I and II, ii, 310. Murimuth, Chron. (Eng. Hist. Soc.),
p. 48.
418 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 321, ii, 310. Aungier, Fr. Chron.
(Riley's translation), p. 264. Murimuth (Eng. Hist. Soc.), pp. 48,
49.
419 The proclamation is headed, _Proclamacio prima post decessum
episcopi Exoniensis et ipsius decollacionem._--City's Records, Pleas
and Memoranda, Roll A 1, membr. 2 dors.
M255 The queen confirms to the citizens their right to elect their mayor,
Nov., 1326.
M256 Betoyne elected mayor.
420 Aungier, Fr. Chron., p. 265.
421 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 318.
M257 Public declaration in favour of the queen and the City's rights. 13
Jan., 1327.
422 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 323. Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A 1, memb.
2.
M258 Edward's charter to the city, 6 March, 1327.
423 Dated 28 February, 1326-7. Chron. Edward I and II, i, 325-326.
424 Dated 6 March, 1326-7. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 5).
425 In _re_ Islington Market Bill, 3 Clk, 513. See also Stat. 5 and 6,
William IV, cap. cxi, ss. 46 _et seq._
426 -_Vide sup._, p. 104.
427 According to the common law of the land, no market could be erected
so as to be a "nuisance" to another market within a less distance
than six miles and a half and a third of another half.--Bracton "De
Legibus Angliae" (Rolls Series No. 70), iii, 584.
428 Dated 4 March, 1326-7.
429 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 325.
M259 The City sends a contingent to assist the king against the Scots.
430 The king's letters asking for assistance were dated from Nottingham,
29 April and 2 May.--City's Records, Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr.
iv dors, and ix.
431 The names of the troopers are set out in full, under the several
wards, in Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A I, memb. ix. The compiler of
the "Annales Paulini" (Chron. Edward I and II, i. 333), gives the
number of the City contingent as 100 men, adding feelingly "sed proh
pudor! nil boni ibi facientes sine honore revertuntur."
M260 This act not to be made a precedent.
432 Dated Topclyf, 10 July.--Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. ii (4).
M261 The City's representatives at the Parliament at Lincoln, Sept.,
1327.
433 -_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. iii.
434 Writ dated Lincoln, 23 September.--_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. v (7)
dors.
M262 Petition against removing the courts and the exchequer to York.
435 -_Id._, Roll A 1. memb. iii.--In July, 1323, the Exchequer had been
transferred from York to Westminster, "and great treasure
therewith."--Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), p. 258.
436 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1. membr. iii, and v (7).
M263 Peace with Scotland, 1328.
437 Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A 1. membr. xxii.
438 -_Id._, Roll A 1. membr. xxii, dors.--According to the Chronicle of
Lanercost (Bannatyne Club, p. 261), it was the _Londoners_ who
refused to give up the stone.
439 Rymer's Foedera (1830), Vol. iii, pt. ii, p. 716. Stanley's Memorials
of Westminster Abbey (2nd ed.), pp. 60-64.
440 Rymer's Foedera (1821) Vol. ii, pt. ii, pp. 734, 740. Pleas and Mem.,
Roll A 1, membr. xx dors. Chron. Edward I and II, i. 339-340.
M264 The revolt of the Earl of Lancaster, Oct., 1328.
441 The city was represented by Stephen de Abyndon and Robert de
Kelseye. The writ was dated Clipston, 28 August, and the return made
the 10th October.--Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1. membr. xxiii-xxiv.
442 Letter dated 27 September.--Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xxiii
(27) dors.
M265 The earl's letter to the City, 5 Nov., 1328.
443 -_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. xxiv (28) dors.
M266 The election of John de Grantham, mayor, in place of Chigwell.
444 "Quod dictus Hamo fuit pessimus vermis qui venit in civitate jam xx
annis elapsis et amplius, et quod nunquam foret bona pax in civitate
dum viveret et quod bonum esset valde si capud ejus a corpore
truncatur."--Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xxiii dors.
445 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 29.
M267 The king desires a deputation from the city to meet him at Windsor,
Nov., 1328.
446 -_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. 29 dors.
447 -_Id._, _ibid._--Notwithstanding this disavowal, it is said that no
less than 600 Londoners assisted the Lancastrian cause.--Chron.
Edward I and II. Introd. Vol. i, p. cxx.
M268 The king pays a short visit to London, Dec., 1328.
448 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 343.--Letter Book E, fo. 179b. (Memorials,
pp. 170-171).
M269 The king's letter from Gloucester to the Mayor, &c., of London. 16
Dec., 1328.
449 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 31.
450 See letter from the mayor, &c., to the king informing him that his
wishes had been carried out.--_Id._, Roll A 1. membr. xxviii (32).
M270 The bishops and barons in the city.
451 At Christmas, both the primate and the city despatched letters to
Edward, who was then at Worcester, to that effect.--_Id._, Roll A 1.
memb. xxviii (32).
M271 Failure of Lancaster to raise a confederation against the king. 2
Jan., 1329.
452 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 343-344.
453 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1. membr. xxviii (32).
M272 Trial at the Guildhall of those implicated with Lancaster. Feb.,
1329.
454 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 242-243.
M273 Trial of Hamo de Chigwell, 13 Feb., 1329.
455 -_Id._, i, 245, 346.
456 -_Id._, i. 246-247.
457 The will is enrolled in the records of the Court of Husting, Roll 61
(17). His devise to St. Paul's was challenged by John de Pulteney,
and execution stayed.
M274 Execution of Mortimer, 29 Nov., 1330.
458 According to the compiler of the "Annales Paulini" (Chron. Edward I
and II, i, 352), Mortimer was taken "in camera Isabelle reginae."
M275 The queen retires into privacy.
459 She died in 1357. and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars,
in the city.
460 "The last days of Queen Isabella."--Archaeol., vol. xxxv, p. 464.
M276 Increase of trade with Flanders.
461 On her first arrival in London she was conducted by a cavalcade of
citizens to the Bishop of Ely's house in Holborn, and after her
marriage, was made the recipient of a present of gold and silver and
a great store of all kinds of provisions. Her coronation, which took
place two years later (Feb., 1330), was also made the occasion for a
further display of their loyalty and affection.--Chron. Edward I and
II, i, 338, 339, 349.
462 Green, Hist. of the English People, i, 410. Imposts on wool, writes
Bishop Stubbs, became of such importance at this period that "the
merchants again seemed likely to furnish the realm with a new
estate."--Const. Hist., ii. 379.
463 -_Supra_, pp. 112-115.
M277 The establishment of staples in England.
464 "Eodem anno (_i.e._, 1326) post Pascha dominus rex habuit consilium
apud Westmonasterium; et ordinatum fuit ibi quod mercatores emerent
lanas. corias et plumbum, in certis locis Angliae, Walliae et
Hyberniae, et illa loca vocantur Stapel."--Chron. Edward I and II, i,
312. _Cf._ Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 15.
465 Dated 23 April, 1327. Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. i (3) dors.
466 Dated Nottingham, 30 April (1327). Rymer's Foedera. Vol. ii, pt. ii.
p. 705.
M278 A new tax on wool, leather, and wool-fells.
467 Writ to the collector of dues in the port of London and other places
on both sides of the Thames as far as Gravesend. Dated Overton, 2
July, 1 Edward III (A.D. 1327). Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 7
dors (cedula).
468 -_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. 7 dors.
469 Letters patent, dated Lincoln, 23 Sept., 1 Edward III (A.D. 1327).
_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. 7 dors.
470 Writ to sheriffs to see the restrictions carried out, dated York, 1
March, 2 Edward III (A.D. 1327-8). _Id._, Roll A 1, membr. 24 dors.
M279 Proposal to remove the Staple to the continent, Feb., 1328.
471 Dated from Coventry. _Id._, Roll A 1, membr. 18 dors.
472 Return to writ, dated 12 January, 1 Edward III (A.D. 1327-8).--Pleas
and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 20.
473 Letter from the Mayor, &c., of York, to the City of London, dated 29
January, and reply.--Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xix (23).
474 -_Id. ibid._
475 -_Id._, Roll A 1, membr. xvii (20) dors. The letter was sent in
reply to one from the City's representatives, Grantham and Priour,
asking for instructions.
476 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. xix (23) dors.
477 He had been an intimate favourite of Edward II. and had been
removed, with others, from that king's service in 1311.
Notwithstanding this, he appears as the king's Chamberlain in 1316.
Ten years later, when the city was in the hands of an infuriated
mob, and the king confined at Kenilworth, John de Charleton took the
Earl of Arundel prisoner and caused him to be beheaded. In 1329 the
citizens received peremptory orders from Edward III, not to harbour
him in the city.--Chron. Edward I & II. i, 247.
M280 Betoyne's own account of his disagreement with his colleagues.
478 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 24.
M281 Betoyne's action approved by the citizens, 19 Feb., 1328.
479 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 24.
480 Letter Book E, fo. 183. (Memorials, p. 169.)
M282 Temporary abolition of Staples. Aug., 1328.
481 "In 1333 they were again established in England, but merchants
ignored them, and in the following year they were abolished. From
1344 onwards they are frequently discussed in parliament and
assemblies of the merchants; and by the statute of 1353 the system
was consolidated."--Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 412.
482 Letter Book G. fos. 35b, 76.
M283 England and France, 1329-1331
483 Rymer's Foedera (1821), vol. ii, pt. ii. p. 765.
484 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 247, 249.
485 Chron. Edward I and II. i, 249, 251.
486 Rymer's Foedera (1821), vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 815.
M284 The war with Scotland, 1332-1335.
487 Rex Franciae subtiliavit viis et modis quibus potuit qualiter
deturbaret regem Angliae et repatriare faceret ne tantum destrueret
et debellaret regnum Scotiae.--Knighton (Rolls Series No. 76), i, 476.
488 -_Id._, i, 461.
489 Letter Book E, fos. 1-4--(Memorials, pp. 187-190).
490 John de Grantham was allowed 60 shillings for a horse which he lost
whilst going to this parliament on the city's business. (Letter Book
F, fo. 9b.) It is, however, not clear that Grantham attended the
parliament as a city member.
491 Chron. Edward I and II, ii. 122.
492 Letter patent, dated 12 August.--Pleas and Mem., Roll A 1, membr. 35.
493 -_Id. ibid._
M285 Preparations for war with France, 1337.
494 Letter patent, dated Westm., 24 March.--Letter Book F., fo. 6.
495 -_Id._, fo. 6b.
496 Chron. Edward I and II, i, 366.
497 The king's letter, dated Stamford, 1 June, 1337.--Letter Book F, fo.
6b.
M286 Charter, 26 March, 1337.
498 Letter Book F, fos. 4-5.
499 Charter dated Westminster, 26 March, 1337, preserved at the
Guildhall (Box No. 5). The king made frequent attempts to annul this
charter.--Letter Book F, fo. 197; Letter Book G, fos. 11b, 41b.
500 -_Id._, fo. 9.
M287 The services of John de Pulteney, Mayor.
501 -_Id._, fo. 9b. (Memorials, p. 197).
502 -_Id._, fo. 10b.
M288 The king monopolises the wool of the country.
503 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 380.
504 Letter Book F, fo. 42.
505 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 3 and 3 dors.
506 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 380-381.
M289 Naval and military preparations in the City.
507 Letter Book F, fos. 3, 3b.
508 -_Id._, fo. 14b. _Id._, fo. 18b.
509 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 5, membr. 3 dors.
M290 The city put into a posture of defence after the king's departure,
July, 1338.
510 -_Id._, membr. 5 dors.
511 -_Id._, membr. 6. On the 23 October, the Duke of Cornwall, whom the
king had nominated regent during his absence abroad, wrote to the
Mayor, &c., of London, bidding him put the city into a posture of
defence.--Letter Book F, fo. 19.
M291 Orders for city to provide more ships and men, Feb., 1339.
512 -_Skumarii_: a scummar, a rover. Skeats' Glossary to the Bruce
(Early Eng. Text Soc. _s. v._)
513 Letter Book F, fos. 22b-23.
M292 A threatened invasion up the Thames, Easter, 1339.
514 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 1.
515 Letter Book F, fly leaf. (Memorials, p. 204.)
M293 Implements of war stored at the Guildhall.
516 Letter Book F, fly-leaf. The passage was printed by the late Mr.
Riley, although somewhat inaccurately, in his Memorials (p. 205).
The original MS. runs thus: "Item in Camera Gildaule sunt sex
Instrumenta de Laton vocata Gonnes cum quinque teleres ad eadem.
Item pelete de plumbo pro eidem Instrumentis que ponderant iiijc li
et dj. Item xxxij li de pulvere pro dictis instrumentis."
517 The late Mr. Riley misread "roleres" for "teleres" (the writing is
not very legible), and therefore thought the passage referred to
heavy ordnance.
518 Richard Hastinges bequeaths by will in 1558 his bows and arrows,
with "tyllers" &c.--Calendar of Wills, Court of Hust., London, ii,
670.
M294 The king's return, Feb., 1340.
519 Congregacio Maioris Aldermannorum et unius hominis cujuslibet warde
civitatis pro negociis communitatem tangentibus die veneris proxima
post festum Sancte Katerine Virginis (25 Nov.) anno xiijc contra
adventum domini regis et regine de partibus transmarinis.--Pleas and
Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 10.
520 Letter Book F, fo. 30b.
M295 A City loan of L5,000.
521 Letter Book F, fo. 32b. (Memorials, pp. 208-210.)
522 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 12 dors.
523 Letter Book F, fo. 34b.
M296 The king again sets sail, June, 1340.
524 Letter Book F, fo. 39.
M297 The battle of Sluys, 24 June, 1340.
525 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 20-21. Letter Book F, fo. 37b.
526 A cedula inserted between membranes 19 and 20 of Pleas and Mem.,
Roll A 3.
527 Aungier, Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), 277.
M298 The king's unexpected return, 30 Nov., 1340.
528 Murimuth, Contin. Chron. (Rolls Series No. 93), p. 116. Avesbury
(_Ibid_), p. 323.
M299 Dismisses ministers and orders an enquiry as to collection of
revenue.
M300 The justices at the Tower, March-April. 1341.
529 Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's transl.), pp. 283-285. Murimuth, p.
117.
530 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 22.
531 Letter Book F, fos. 45b-49. Murimuth, pp. 118, 119.
532 Murimuth, p. 119.
533 Letter Book F, fo. 49.
M301 Charter to the city, dated 26 March, 1341.
534 Dated 26 May, 1341. This charter, which was granted with the assent
of parliament, is preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 5.)
M302 The city called upon to furnish the king with 26 ships.
535 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 3, membr. 25 dors.
M303 The king's expedition to Brittany, Oct., 1342.
536 -_Id._, Roll A 5. membr. 17.
M304 A truce with France for three years.
537 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 392 note. Aungier's Fr. Chron. (Riley's
transl.), 290.
538 Murimuth, 155.
M305 Renewal of the war in 1345.
539 Letter Book F, fos. 81-84b.
540 Commission, dated Windsor, 20th March, 1345. _Id._ fo. 98b.
541 -_Id._ fos. 99, 109, 110.
542 Letter Book F, fo. 111.
543 -_Id._, fo. 116b.
M306 Expedition to France sets sail, 10 July, 1346.
544 Murimuth (Rolls Series, No. 93, p. 198) states that the number of
vessels great and small amounted to 750; whilst in another Chronicle
the same writer says that they numbered more than 1,500 (Chron. ed.
for Eng. Hist. Soc., p. 164.)
545 Letter Book F. fo. 119. Murimuth (Rolls Series), p. 198.
M307 News of the king's arrival and success in Normandy, 3 Aug.
546 Murimuth (Rolls Series), pp. 205-211.
547 Letter Book F, fo. 120b.
548 -_Id._, fos. 121-125b.
M308 The battle of Crecy, 26 Aug., 1346.
M309 Siege and surrender of Calais, 1346-1347.
549 Letter Book F, fos. 127, 127b, 130.
550 -_Id._, fos. 132b-133b.
551 -_Id._, fos. 139, 140.
552 -_Id._, fo. 140 b.
553 Hist. Angl. (Rolls Series No. 28), i, 272. _Cf._ Chron. Angliae
(Rolls Series No. 64). p. 26.
M310 The Black Death, 1348-1349.
554 It was the first of the three pestilences (the others occurring in
1361 and 1369) which served occasionally as land marks in history
for dating conveyances and other records.--See Bond's Handy-book for
verifying dates, p. 311.
555 Stow extravagantly conjectures that no less than 50,000 perished
within a year, all of whom were buried in Walter Manny's cemetery,
near the Charterhouse. Another chronicler states that 200 were
buried there alone between February and April, 1349.--Avesbury (Rolls
Series No. 93), p. 407.
556 Whilst the king forbade the encouragement of beggars by gifts of
charity, the municipal authorities fixed the price of labour.--Letter
Book F. fos. 163, 168, 169, 181. At the close of the year (1349) a
statute--known as the Statute of Labourers--was passed, fixing the
scale of wages at the rate prevalent before the Black Death, and
ordering punishment to be inflicted on those who demanded more.
557 Letter Book F, fo. 168.
558 -_Id._, fo. 191b.
M311 A fresh truce with France, commencing 13 June, 1350.
559 By writ, dated 1 July. Letter Book F, fo. 185b.
M312 Measures taken for the suppression of piracy, July, 1350.
560 Letter Book F, fos. 187b, 188b.
561 Avesbury (Rolls Series No. 93), p. 412.
562 Letter Book F, fos. 174, 176.
M313 Charter relative to the City's gold mace, 10 June, 1354.
563 Rot. Parl., ii, 155.
M314 Renewal of war with France, 1355.
564 Letter Book G, fo. 47.--Their cost, amounting to nearly L500, was
assessed on the wards.
M315 Battle of Poitiers, 19 Sept., 1356
565 Letter Book G, fo. 53b. (Memorials, pp. 285-289).
566 Walshingham (Rolls Series No. 28), i, 283. Chron. Angliae (Rolls
Series No. 64), p. 37.
567 Letter Book G, fos. 65-67.
M316 Grievances of the city laid before the king.
568 Letter Book G, fo. 60.
569 Relief on this point was afforded by the king in February, 1359, by
the issue of a writ to the effect that the names of his purveyors
should be handed to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, and that the
purveyors shall not seize any victuals until they had shown and read
their commission.--Letter Book G, fo. 74.
M317 Edward's last invasion of France, 1359-1360.
570 Walsingham, i, 288.
M318 The peace of Bretigny, 1360.
571 Letter Book G, fo. 133.
572 Stow's Survey (Thom's ed. 1876), pp. 41, 90.--If we include David,
King of Denmark (as some do), the number of kings entertained on
this occasion was five, and to this day the toast of "Prosperity to
the Vintners' Company" is drunk at their banquets with five cheers
in memory of the visit of the five crowned heads.--See a pamphlet
entitled _The Vintners' Company with Five_, by B. Standring, Master
of the Company in 1887.
M319 England at peace, 1360-1369.
573 Letter Book G, fo. 133.--The list of subscribers, as printed in
Herbert's Introduction to his History of the Twelve Great Livery
Companies (p. 32), is very inaccurately transcribed.
M320 The renewal of the war, 1369.
574 -_Id._, fo. 158.
575 -_Id._, fos. 225b, 226b, 235b, 236b.
576 -_Id._, fo. 228b.
M321 City loans, 1370-1371.
577 Letter Book G, fo. 247b.--The money was advanced on the security of
Exchequer bills. The names of the contributors and the several sums
contributed, covering three folios of the Letter Book, have been for
some reason erased.
578 -_Id._, fos. 263, 270.
M322 New form of taxation, 1371.
579 Fasciculi Zizaniorum (Rolls Series No. 5), introd., p. xxviii.
580 Letter Book G, fos. 274b-275.
581 -_Id._, fo. 268.
582 Letter Book G, fos. 268b, 270.
583 The number of parishes is elsewhere given as 110.--_Id._, fo. 275. A
list of London benefices, under date 31 Edward I [1302-3], is given
in the City's Liber Custumarum (i, 228-230), the number being 116.
M323 The city as an ecclesiastical centre.
584 Ralph de Diceto (Rolls Series No. 68), pref. vol. i, p. lvi.
585 Chron. Edward I and II, introd., vol. i., p. xli.
M324 The prosecution of the war, 1371-1375.
586 Letter Book G, fo. 271. (Memorials, pp. 350-352).
587 -_Id._, fo. 289b.
588 Walsingham, i, 315.
589 Letter Book G, fos. 297, 298, 304b, 306b, 307.
590 Letter Book G, fo. 312b. Letter Book H, fos. 17-19b.
M325 Charges against city aldermen, 1376.
591 The parliament was originally summoned for the 12th February, but
did not meet before the 28 April. The city members were John Pyel
and William Walworth, Aldermen, William Essex and Adam Carlile,
commoners.--Letter Book H. fos. 28. 29.
592 Chron. Angliae (Rolls Series No. 64), 78, 79.
593 Walsingham i, 321. Higden's Polychron (Rolls Series No. 41), viii,
385. Chron. Angliae (Rolls Series No. 64), pp. 94, 392.
594 Letter Book H, fo. 45b.
M326 A new system of election by the guilds, instead of the wards,
introduced, 1376.
595 See the king's letter, dated "Haddele" Castle, 29 July, 1376.--Letter
Book H, fo. 44.
596 The names of the representatives of the guilds forming the first
Common Council of the kind are placed on record.--Letter Book H, fos.
46b, 47.
597 -_Id._, fo. 44b.
598 Letter Book H, fo. 46.
599 -_Id._, fos. 47, 161; Journal 11, fo. 89.
600 Charter, dated 26 May, 15 Edward III, _Supra_ p. 188.
M327 The old system of election by wards reverted to in 1384.
601 Letter Book H, fo. 173.--The names of those elected by the wards to
the Common Council two years later (9 Ric. II), are inserted on a
cedula between membranes, 15 and 16, of Pleas and Memoranda, Roll A
27.
M328 Proceedings against Alice Perers, the king's mistress, 1376.
602 Walsingham, i, 327. Chron. Angliae, pp. 142, 143. Modern writers,
however, have discovered some good qualities in this lady.--See Notes
and Queries, 7th Series, vol. vii, pp. 449, _et seq._
603 Chron. Angliae, p. 130.
604 See Hust., Rolls, 95, (130) (13O); 97, (9); 98, (73) (74) (82); 109,
(6) (7) (8); also Will of William Burton--Calendar of Wills, Court of
Hust., London, ii, 301.
605 Letter Book H, fo. 77b.
606 -_Id._, fo. 47b.
607 Pat. Roll, 3 Ric. II, part 1.
M329 Charter forbidding free trade to merchant strangers, 4 Dec., 1376.
M330 Hostility between the City and Lancaster.
608 "Ut de cetero non major, antiquo more, sed capitaneus Londoniis
haberetur, et quod Marescallus Angliae in illa civitate, sicut alibi,
reos arestare valeret; cum multis petitionibus quae; manifeste
obviabant urbis libertatibus et imminebant civium
detrimento."--Chron. Angliae, p. 120.
609 Chron. Angliae, pp. 123-125, 397; Walsingham, i, 325.
M331 Interview between the king and the citizens to explain matters.
610 Chron. Angliae, pp. 125, 398.
611 -_Id._, pp. 127, 128.
612 Chron. Angliae, p. 129.
M332 Another interview with the king at Shene.
613 Letter Book H, fos. 58, 59.
614 Chron. Angliae, p. 134.
M333 The king's death, 21 June, 1377.
615 Chron. Angliae, p. 129.
616 -_Id._, pp. 136-137, 142-143.
M334 Reconciliation between Lancaster and the City, 1377.
617 Chron. Angliae, pp. 146-149. The chronicler expresses the utmost joy
and astonishment at the sudden change in the duke's manner. It was
(he says) nothing less than a miracle that one who had so recently
demanded a present of precious stones and 100 tuns of wine, as the
price of his favour, should now appear so complacent.
618 -_Id._, pp. 150, 151.
M335 The coronation of Richard II, 16 July, 1377.
619 "Londonienses praecipue obloquebantur, dicentes jam perpaucorum
proceruin corda fore cum Rege, eos solos sibi fideles esse; quorum
Rex licet ironice, vocabatur a nonnullis proceribus, eo quod ipsi
multum juvissent eum in coronatione sua."--Walsingham i, 370; _Cf._
Chron. Angliae, p. 200.
620 Chron. Angliae, p. 153.
621 Lib. Cust. ii, 467, 468. It appears from the City Records, that the
king's butler in ordinary could claim the office of Coroner of the
city.--See Letter Book H, fos. 68, 77b.
M336 A city loan and parliamentary supplies, 1377.
622 The Isle of Wight had been surprised and taken, Rye had been
captured, Hastings had been destroyed by fire, and Winchelsea would
have fallen into the hands of the enemy but for the bold defence
made by the Abbot of Battle.--Walsingham i, 340-342; Chron. Angliae,
pp. 151, 166, 167.
623 Letter Book H, fos. 76-77, 83.
624 Et deputati sunt ad hujus pecuniae custodiam duo cives Londonienses,
scilicet Willelmus Walworthe et Johannes Philipot.--Chron. Angliae, p.
171. Eight other citizens, viz., Adam Lovekyn, William Tonge, Thomas
Welford, Robert Lucas, John Hadley, John Northampton, John Organ,
and John Sely, were appointed collectors of the two
fifteenths.--Letter Book H, fo. 90.
M337 Charter granted to the city with the assent of parliament, 4 Dec.,
1377.
625 Dated 4 Dec, 1377. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 9).
626 Letter Book H, fo. 82.
M338 The subsidy taken out of the hands of Walworth and Philipot, 1378.
627 Chron. Angliae, p. 194: Walsingham i, 367. It was stated before
parliament, in 1378, that Walworth and Philipot had laid out every
penny of the subsidy.--Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 445 note.
M339 Patriotic conduct of John Philipot.
628 Chron. Angliae, pp. 199, 200. Philipot again showed his patriotism in
1380, by providing money and arms for an expedition sent to assist
the Duke of Brittany.--_Id._, p. 266. He died in the summer of
1384.--Walsingham, ii, 115.
629 Letter Book H, fo. 95.
M340 Factions in the City for and against the Duke of Lancaster, 1378.
630 "Et idcirco locum illum elegerant praemeditato facinori; ne
Londonienses, si Londoniis fuisset Parliamentum praedictum, sua
auctoritate vel potentia eorum conatus ullatenus
impedirent."--Walsingham, i, 380.
631 Letter Book H, fo. 101b. (Memorials, p. 427).
M341 The Earl of Buckingham and his partizans withdraw themselves and
their custom from the City, 1378.
632 Letter Book H, fos. 109b, 110.
M342 Another City loan of L5,000, Feb., 1379.
633 -_Id._, fos. 107, 108, 109.
M343 The poll-tax of 1379.
634 -_Id._, fos. 111b, 113.
M344 Renewal of the poll-tax, 1380.
635 Letter Book H, fos. 128, 132.
M345 The peasants' revolt under Wat Tyler, 1381.
636 The story of the insurrection under Wat Tyler, and of his death at
the hands of Walworth, as told in Letter Book H, fo. 133b
(Memorials, pp. 449-451), varies in some particulars from that given
by Walsingham (i, 454-465), and in the Chronicon Angliae (pp.
285-297).
637 Letter Book H, fo. 134.
M346 Orders given for safeguarding the city, 20 June.
638 -_Id._, fo. 134b.
639 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 24, membr. 9.
640 Walsingham, i, 467-484; ii, 23.
M347 Confession made by "Jack Straw."
641 Walsingham, ii, 13.
642 -_Id._, ii, 9, 10.
M348 Revulsion of feeling against the Lollards after the suppression of
the peasants' revolt, 1382.
643 Letter Book H, fos. 149b, 150.
M349 Reforms in the city during Northampton's first mayoralty, 1381-1382.
644 "Homo duri cordis et astutus, elatus propter divitias et superbus,
qui nec inferioribus adquiescere, nec superiorum allegationibus sive
monitis flecti valeret quin quod inceperat proprio ingenio torvo
proposito ad quemcunque finem perducere niteretur."--Walsingham, ii,
65.
645 Letter Book H, fo. 144. (Memorials, p. 463).
646 Letter Book H, fo. 146b.
647 -_Id._, fos. 153-154.
M350 Northampton re-elected mayor at the king's request, Oct., 1382.
648 Walsingham, ii, 71. From the City's Records it appears that early in
1383, William Baret was alderman of Philipot's ward (Cornhill); but
in the following year, when Brembre succeeded to his mayoralty, and
the so-called "king's party" was again in the ascendant, Philipot
again appears as alderman of his old ward, continuing in office
until his death (12 Sept., 1384), when he was succeeded by John
Rote.--Letter Book H, fos. 163, 174.
649 Letter Book H, fo. 155b.
650 Letter Book H, fo. 154.
M351 Brembre succeeds Northampton in the mayoralty, Oct., 1383.
651 Letter Book H, fo. 168. Three years later, "the folk of the Mercerye
of London" complained to parliament that Brembre and his "upberers"
had on this occasion obtained his election by force--"through debate
and strenger partye."--(Rot., Parl. iii, 225). There is no evidence
of this in the City's Records, although there appears to have been a
disturbance at his re-election in 1384. It may be to this that the
Mercers' petition refers. It is noteworthy that at the time of his
election in 1383, Brembre was not an alderman, although in the
previous year, and again in the year following his election, he is
recorded as Alderman of Bread Street Ward.--Letter Book H, fos. 140,
163, 174.
652 Breve quod piscenarii libertatis civitatis Londoniae exerceant artem
suam ut consueverunt. Dated 27 Nov., 1383.--Letter Book H, fo. 172.
653 -_Id._, fos. 154-154b, 176-177.
M352 Richard's second charter to the City, 26 Nov., 1383.
654 Dated 26 Nov., 7 Ric. II. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 9).
655 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 3 dors.
656 Letter Book H, fos. 166, 167.
M353 Proceedings against Northampton.
657 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 3.
658 Writ dated 9 February; Letter Box H, fo. 173b.
659 -_Id._, fos. 173b, 174b.
660 -_Id._, fo. 174.
M354 Trial of Northampton at Reading.
661 Letter Book H, fo. 179.
662 Letter Book H, fo. 179b; Walsingham, ii, 116.
663 Hidgen, Polychron. (Rolls Series No. 41), ix, 45 _seq._
M355 Is committed to Tintagel Castle.
664 "Haec autem omnia sibi fieri procurarunt aemuli piscarii, ut
dicebabur, quia per illos stetit quod ars et curia eorum erant
destructae."--Higden, ix, 49.
M356 Brembre's re-election to the mayoralty, Oct., 1384.
665 Letter Book H, fo. 92. (Memorials, pp. 415-417).
666 Letter Book H, fo. 182. The names of those specially summoned are
set out in Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 15.
667 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 4, 5 and 6.
668 Higden, ix, 50, 51.
669 Letter Book H, fo. 182.
M357 Renewed efforts to obtain Northampton's release, March, 1386.
670 Letter Book H, fo. 198b.
671 Pleas and Mem., Roll A 27, membr. 26.
672 Letters patent of pardon received the king's sign manual on the 3
June, 1386 (Letter Book H, fo. 216), but the prisoners were not
released before April in the following year.--See Higden, Polychron.
ix, 93.
M358 A book of ordinances, known as "Jubilee," burnt by order of mayor,
Exton, March, 1387.
673 Letter Book H, fo. 214. (Memorials, p. 494).
674 Rot. Parl. iii, 227, cited by Riley in his "Memorials," p. 494,
note.
675 Letter Book H, fo. 176b.
M359 Further efforts to secure Northampton's release, 1387.
676 This letter, which was dated the 27 April, was delivered to Lord
Zouche at his house by John Reche, Common Pleader, and Ralph Strode
and John Harwell, Sergeants-at-Arms.--Letter Book H, fo. 215b.
M360 Northampton set free, 27 April, 1387.
677 "Super quo dominus Rex respondit quod licet in sua potestate fuerat
cum ipsis, Johanne, Johanne et Ricardo agere graciose bene tamen
sibi provideret priusquam foret eis graciam concessurus."--Letter
Book H, fo. 215b.
678 Higden, Polychron. ix, 93.
679 Letter Book H, fo. 222.
M361 Letter from the mayor to the king, 5 Oct.
680 The oath as set out in the letter to the king differs from another
copy of the oath, which immediately precedes the letter in Letter
Book H, fos. 220b, 221; a clause having been subsequently added to
the latter to the effect that the swearer abjured the opinions of
Northampton and his followers, and would oppose their return within
the bounds and limits set out in the king's letters patent.
M362 The king's reply, 7 Oct.
681 Letter Book H, fo. 222.
682 Letter Book H, fo. 223b.
M363 The Parliament of 1386.
683 Walsingham, ii, 150.
M364 Appointment of a Commission of Regency.
M365 The Commission declared illegal.
M366 Richard applies to the City for assistance.
684 Higden, Polychron. ix, 104.
685 Letter Book H, fo. 223b.
M367 The king's advisers charged with treason, 14 Nov.
686 Higden, Polychron. ix, 106; Walsingham, ii, 166.
M368 The mayor and aldermen summoned to Windsor, 28 Nov.
687 Letter Book H, fo. 223b. (Memorials, p. 449.)
688 Higden, Polychron. ix, 108-109.
M369 Richard obliged to submit.
M370 Flight of the accused.
689 "Londonienses ... mobiles erant ut arundo, et nunc cum Dominis, nunc
cum Rege, sentiebant, nusquam stabiles sed fallaces."--Hist. Angliae,
ii, 161.
690 Higden, Polychron. ix, 108; Walsingham, ii, 169.
691 Pleas and Mem., Roll A, membr. 7.
M371 The lords appellant admitted into the city, Dec., 1387.
692 Higden, ix, 111-114; Walsingham, ii, 170, 171; Engl. Chron. (Camd.
Soc. No. 64), p. 5.
M372 The lords at the Guildhall, 18 Jan., 1388.
693 Higden, ix, 117, 118.
M373 Trial of Brembre before parliament, Feb., 1388.
694 Howell's State Trials, i, 115.
M374 Conviction and sentence of death.
695 Higden, Polychron. ix, 168.
696 State Trials, i, 118, 119.
M375 Character of Brembre as depicted by Walsingham.
697 Walsingham, ii, 165-174.
M376 Deaths of Tressilian and Uske.
698 Higden, ix, 167-169.
M377 The proceedings of the "merciless" parliament confirmed by oath.
699 Letter Book H, fo. 228.
M378 Party spirit in the city, 1388-1389.
700 Letter Book H, fo, 161.
701 -_Id.,_ fo. 126; Higden ix, 179.
702 Letter Book H, fos. 234, 234b.
703 Higden ix, 217.
M379 The return of Northampton to the city, 1390.
704 Higden ix, 238, 239.
705 Letters patent, date, 2 Dec, 1390.--Letter Book H, fo. 255; Higden
ix, 243.
706 Letter Book H, fo. 259. (Memorials, p. 526.).
707 -_Id._, fo. 300.
M380 Proclamation enforcing knighthood, Feb., 1392.
708 -_Id._, fo. 270.
M381 The mayor summoned to Nottingham, June, 1392.
709 Higden, ix, 270. According to Walsingham (Hist. Angl. ii, 208), the
Lombard failed to get the money from the citizens, who nearly killed
him when they learnt his purpose.
710 The names of the citizens chosen for the occasion are given by
Higden (Polychron. ix, 269, 270), and in Letter Book H, fo. 270.
711 The reason given in the City Records for the dismissals which
followed is stated to be "certain defects in a commission under the
common seal and other causes."--Letter Book H, fo. 270b.
M382 The mayor and sheriffs committed to prison, June, 1392.
712 Higden, Polychron. ix, 272; Walsingham, ii, 208-209.
M383 Sir Edward Dalyngrigge appointed warden of the city, July, 1392.
713 Higden, ix, 273; Letter Book H, fo. 270b.
714 Letter Book H, fo. 275b.
715 -_Id._, fo. 273.
M384 The City fined L100,000, July, 1392.
716 Letter Book H, fo. 269b; Higden, ix, 267. Walsingham (ii, 213)
suggests that this was done at the instance of the Archbishop of
York, the Chancellor.
717 "Putabant isti officiarii per hoc non modicum damnificare civitatem
Lundoniae, sed potius hoc multo majora damna intulerunt regi et
hominibus regni quam jam dictae civitati."--Higden, ix, 267-268.
718 Walsingham, ii, 210.
719 Higden, ix, 273.
720 Letters Patent of pardon, dated Woodstock, 19 September, 1392.
Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 6).
721 Higden. ix, 274, 276, 278; Letter Book H, fos. 271b, 272, 274.
Notwithstanding these remissions, the city was mulcted, according to
Waisingham (ii, 211), in no less a sum than L10,000 before it
received its liberties.--_Cf._ Chron. of London, 1089-1483 (ed. by
Sir H. Nicolas, sometimes called "Tyrrell's Chronicle," from a City
Remembrancer of that name), p. 80.
M385 Municipal reforms, 1393.
722 Stat. 17, Ric. II, c. 13; Letter Book H, fos. 290b, 291.; Bohun,
"Privilegia Londini" (ed. 1723), p. 57.
M386 Change of conduct on the part of Richard, 1394-1398.
723 Higden, ix, 274.
724 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 489-490.
725 Letter Book H, fo. 314.
726 Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc. No. 64), p. 12.
727 "Also this yere (1397-8), by selying of blank chartres, the Citie of
London paied to the kyng a ml li."--Chron. of London (ed. by Sir H.
Nicolas); p. 83.
M387 The landing of Henry of Lancaster, July, 1399.
728 Letters Patent, dat. 9 May, 1399.--Letter Book H, fo. 326. Richard
set sail on the 29th.
M388 Richard's surrender and deposition from the crown.
729 "Douze cent hommes de Londres, tous armes et montes a
cheval."--Froissart (ed. Lyon, 1559), vol. iv, c. 108, p. 328. In
Lord Berner's translation of Froissart (iv, 566), the number is
wrongly given as 12,000.
M389 Doubtful reports as to the late king's death.
730 Walsingham, ii, 245, 246.
731 Walsingham, ii, 262-264. Serle's Christian name is given elsewhere
as John.--Eng. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 30. The writ for his
execution is dated 5 August, 1404.--Letter Book I, fo. 31b.
M390 The "Trumpington" Conspiracy, 1416-1420.
732 Letter Book I, fo. 180b. (Memorials, pp. 638-641). Walsingham, ii,
317.
733 City Records Journal, I, fo. 83b. We have now a series of MS.
Volumes among the City's archives known as "Journals" to assist us.
They contain minutes of proceedings of the Court of Common Council,
just as the "Repertories" (which we shall have occasion to consult
later on), contain a record of the proceedings of the Court of
Aldermen. The Letter Books may now be regarded as "fair copies" of
the more important of the proceedings of both Courts.
M391 Proceedings against the Lollards.
734 Letter Book H, fo. 307b. The Lollards are said to have derived their
name from a low German word _lollen_, to sing or chant, from their
habit of chanting, but their clerical opponents affected to derive
it from the Latin _lolium_, as if this sect were as tares among the
true wheat of the church.
735 Letter Book I, fo. 125b-132.
736 -_Id._, fo. 130b.
737 -_Ibid._
M392 The statute of heresy, 1401.
738 Letter Book I, fo. 11b.
739 He appears, however, to have burnt by a special order of the king,
before the passing of the statute.--See Fasc. Zizan. (Rolls Series
No. 5), Introd. p. lxix.
M393 Henry's other troubles.
740 A curious story is told of boys in the streets playing at England
and Scotland at this time, with the result that what began in play
ended in fighting and loss of life.--See Chron. Mon. S. Albani (Rolls
Series No. 28, 3), p. 332.
741 Letter Book I, fo. 16.
M394 Supplies granted by parliament in 1404.
742 Letter Book I, fo. 27; Chron. Mon. S. Albani (Rolls Series No. 28,
3), p. 379.
M395 More city loans in 1409 & 1412.
743 Letter Book I, fo. 89b.
744 -_Id._, fo. 113.
745 -_Id._, fo. 108b.
746 Letter Book I, fo. 112b.
747 Exchequer Roll, Lay Subsidy, 144-20.--See Archaeological Journal, vol.
xliv, 56-82.
M396 Whitington mayor for the third time, 1406.
748 Letter Book I, fo. 54. (Memorials pp. 563-564.)
749 License, dated Westminster, 29 May, 12 Henry IV (A.D. 1411).--Letter
Book I, fo. 103b. In 1417 the mayor and aldermen ordained that the
rector of St. Peter's for the time being should in future take
precedence of the rectors of all other city churches, on the ground
that Saint Peter's was the first church founded in the city of
London, having been built in 199 by King Lucius, and for 400 years
or more held the metropolitan chair.--Letter Book I, fo. 203.
(Memorials, pp. 651-653.) _Cf._ Journal 1, fo. 21b.
M397 Further proceedings against Oldcastle and the Lollards, 1413.
750 "Eminentissima turris Ecclesiae Anglicanae et pugil invictus Dominus
Thomas de Arundelia."--Hist. Angl. ii, 300.
M398 Meeting of Lollards in St. Giles' Fields, 12 Jan., 1414.
751 A certain William Fyssher, a _parchemyner_ or parchment-maker of
London, was afterwards (1416) convicted of assisting in Oldcastle's
escape, and was executed at Tyburn.--Letter Book I, fo. 181b.
(Memorials, p. 641.)
752 Walsingham, ii, 292-299; Fasc. Zizan. (Rolls Series No. 5), 433-449;
Chron. of London (ed. by Sir H. Nicolas), p. 97.
753 Letter Book I, fos. 286-290.
M399 The last Statute against the Lollards, 1414.
754 2 Hen. V. Stat. i, c. 7.
755 It was not, however, the last occasion upon which parliamentary
action was attempted. In 1422, and again in 1425, the Lollards were
formidable in London, and parliament on both occasions ordered that
those who were in prison should be delivered at once to the
Ordinary, in accordance with the provisions of this Statute.--Stubbs,
Const. Hist., iii, 81, 363.
M400 The king's offer of pardon refused by Oldcastle, 1415.
756 Letter Book I, fo. 147.
757 Walsingham, ii, 306, 307.
M401 Trial and execution of Cleydon, a Lollard, 1415.
758 Hist. Angl., ii, 307.
759 Letter Book I, fol. 154.
760 See letter from the mayor to the king, giving an account of
Cleydon's trial, 22nd August, 1415.--Letter Book I, fo. 155.
(Memorials, p. 617). Foxe, "Acts and Monuments," iii, 531-534.
M402 Oldcastle taken and executed, 1417.
761 Walsingham, ii, 327, 328.
762 Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 46; Chron. of London
(Nicolas), p. 106.
763 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii., 363, 364.
M403 Preparations for the invasion of France, 1414-1415.
M404 A question of precedence in the city.
764 Letter Book I, fo. 150. This "very antient memorandum" of the Lord
Mayor's precedence in the City was submitted to Charles II in 1670,
when that monarch insisted upon Sir Richard Ford, the Lord Mayor of
the day, giving "the hand and the place" to the Prince of Orange
(afterwards William III of England), on the occasion of the prince
being entertained by the City.--Repertory, 76, fos. 28b, 29.
765 Letter Book I, fo. 158b. (Memorials, p. 613).
766 -_Id._, fo. 157.
M405 The king takes leave of the citizens on Blackheath, June, 1415.
767 Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 17), pp. 108-109. Gregory was
an alderman of the City, and an eye-witness of much that he relates.
768 Letter dated 2nd August--the day on which Sir Thomas Grey, one of the
chief conspiritors was executed.--Letter Book I, fo. 180.
M406 The capture of Harfleur, 18 Sept., 1415.
769 Letter Book I, fo. 143. (Memorials, p. 619).
M407 Volunteers for service in France required, Oct., 1415.
M408 Citizens invited to reside in Harfleur.
770 Letter Book I, fo. 177.
M409 Joy in the city at the news of the battle of Agincourt, Oct., 1415.
M410 The citizens welcome the king on his return from France.
771 Letter Book I, fo. 159. (Memorials, pp. 620, 622).
772 "Quali gaudio, quali tripudio, quali denique triumpho, sit acceptus
a Londoniensibus, dicere praetermitto. Quia revera curiositas
apparatumn, nimietas expensarum, varietates spectaculorum, tractatus
exigerent merito speciales."--Walsingham, ii, 314.
773 Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 103.
M411 Preparations for another expedition, 1416-1417.
774 Letter Book I, fo. 178b. Other proclamations on the same subject are
recorded in the same place, most of which will be found in
"Memorials" (pp. 627-629).
775 Letter Book I, fo. 190b.
776 -_Id._, fos. 188, 188b.
M412 City loans, 1417.
777 Letter Book I, fo. 191b.
778 Letter Book I, fo. 218b. In May, 1419, the sword was surrendered,
and the security changed to one on wool, woolfells, &c.--_Id._, fo.
227b.
M413 Letter from the king to the City announcing his success, 9 Aug.,
1417.
M414 Another letter informing them of the capture of Caen, 5 Sept.
779 Letter Book I, fo. 229. (Memorials, p. 654.)
780 Journal 1, fo. 30b.
781 Letter Book I, fo. 200b. (Memorials, p. 657.)
782 Letter, dated Caen, 11 September.--Letter Book I, fo. 200b.
M415 Proclamation by the Duke of Bedford, 18 Oct.
M416 Supplies granted by parliament, Dec, 1417.
783 Writ, dated 18th Oct.--Letter Book I, fo. 203.
784 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 89.
785 Letter Book I, fo. 222.
M417 Henry's conquest of Normandy, 1417-1419.
786 Letter Book I, fos. 211b, 212b, 217. Proclamations made by the civic
authorities at this time were subscribed "Carpenter"--the name of the
Common Clerk or Town Clerk of the City. The custom of the Town Clerk
of London for the time being, signing official documents of this
kind with his surname alone, continues at the present day.
787 Letter Book I, fo. 215b.
788 Letter Book I, fo. 216. (Memorials, p. 664).
789 Letter Book I, fo. 216. On the 15th September the question of
payment to the brewers, wine drawers and turners of the cups was
considered.--Journal I, fo. 48. (Memorials, pp. 665, 666).
790 Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 17), 1222.
791 Letter Book I, fos. 236, 236b.
M418 The king's letter to the City, 17 Aug., 1419.
792 Letter Book I, fo. 237. (Memorials, p. 674).
M419 The treaty of Troyes, 20 May. 1420.
793 -_Id._, fo. 241b.
794 Letter Book I, fo. 252.
795 Walsingham, ii, 335.
M420 The king's letter to the City, 12 July, 1420.
M421 The mayor's reply, 2 Aug.
796 Letter Book I, fo. 263.
M422 The queen's coronation.
797 Letter Book I, fo. 259. According to Walsingham (ii, 336), the
ceremony took place on the _first_ Sunday in Lent.
798 Walsingham, ii, 336, 337.
M423 Henry's last expedition, and death, Aug., 1422.
799 Parliament voted a fifteenth and a tenth to assist the king in his
necessities; John Gedney, alderman, John Perneys, John Bacon,
grocer, and John Patesley, goldsmith, being appointed commissioners
to levy the same within the City.--Letter Book I, fo. 277b.
800 Letter Book K, fo. 1b.
M424 Rivalry between Bedford and Gloucester, 1422.
801 Letter Book I, fo. 282b.
802 Letter Book I, fo. 282b; Letter Book K, fo. 12.
803 Letter Book K, fo. 2.
804 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 97.
M425 An expedition to start for France, 1 March, 1423.
805 Letter Book K, fos. 10, 10b.
M426 Sir John Mortimer.
806 -_Id._, fo. 15b.
M427 The debts of Henry IV.
807 Letter Book K, fos. 10-18.
M428 Gloucester and Beaufort, 1425-1428.
808 Chron. London (Nicolas), p. 114; Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S.,
No. 17), p. 159; Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), pp. 53, 54.
809 See two letters from the mayor.--Letter Book K, fos. 18b, 21.
810 Gregory's Chron., p. 160.
M429 End of the quarrel between Gloucester and Beaufort.
811 -_Id._, p. 162.
M430 Gloucester loses the favour of the citizens.
812 Journal 2, fos. 22b, 64b (new pagination).
813 Letter Book K, fo. 50b.
M431 The siege of Orleans, 1428-1429.
814 Gregory's Chron., p. 161.
815 Letter Book K, fo. 55b.
M432 Famine in London, 1429.
816 Letter Book K, fos. 62, 63b; Gregory's Chron., p. 164.
M433 Beaufort joins Bedford in France.
817 Letter Book K, fo. 66b; Gregory's Chron., p. 164.
M434 Allowances made to those representing the City in parliament, 1429.
818 Letter Book K, fo. 68b. In 1443 the Common Council agreed to allow
the City members their reasonable expenses out of the chamber
(Journal 5, fo. 129b), but when parliament met at Coventry in 1459,
the City members were allowed 40_s._ a day, besides any
disbursements they might make in the City's honour (Journal 6, fo.
166b), and the same allowance was made in 1464, when parliament sat
at York (Journal 7, fos. 52, 54).
M435 The coronation of Henry VI, 6 Nov., 1429.
819 -_Id._, fo. 69b.
820 Gregory's Chron., pp. 164-168.
821 City Records, Liber Dunthorn, fo. 61b; Letter Book K, fo. 70.
822 Cal. of Wills, Court of Husting, London, ii, 509.
M436 Sets out for France, April, 1430.
M437 And is crowned in Paris, Dec., 1431.
823 Letter Book K, fo. 84.
824 A long account of his entry into the French capital, and of the
pageantry in honour of the occasion, is set out in full in the
City's Records.--Letter Book K, fos. 101b-103.
M438 The citizens welcome him on his return, 1432.
M439 The mayor and aldermen present him with a gift of L1,000.
825 A full descriptive account of Henry's reception on his return from
France is set out in the City Records (Letter Book K, fos.
103b-104b). It purports to be an account sent by John Carpenter, the
Town Clerk, to a friend, and has been printed at the end of the
_Liber Albus_ (Rolls Series); _Cf._ Gregory's Chron., pp. 173-175.
M440 Gloucester's attacks on Beaufort and Bedford, 1432-1433.
826 He informed the City of his intention by letter, dated from Ghent
the 13th April.--Letter Book K, fo. 105.
827 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 114-117.
M441 Financial reform, 1433.
828 Letter Book K, fo. 137b.
829 Letter Book K, fo. 138.
M442 The death of Bedford, 14 Sept., 1435.
830 Gregory's Chron., p. 177.
M443 Calais appeals to London for assistance, 27 June, 1436.
831 Letter Book K, fo. 148.
832 "And that same yere (1437), the Mayre of London sende, by the good
a-vyse and consent of craftys, sent sowdyers to Calys, for hyt was
sayde that the Duke of Burgone lay sege unto Calis."--Gregory's
Chron. p. 178.
833 Letter Book K, fos. 160-162.
834 Gregory's Chron. p. 179.
M444 A tax imposed on aliens, 1439.
835 Letter Book K. fo. 183b. The tax was found to be so successful that
it was subsequently renewed. In 1453 it was renewed for the king's
life.--_Id._, fo. 280b.
M445 The penance of Eleanor Cobham, Gloucester's wife, 1441.
836 Journal 3, fo. 103b.
837 Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 129.
M446 The king's charter to the City, 26 Oct., 1444.
838 The validity as well as the effect of this charter (which is
preserved in the Town Clerk's office) has been made the subject of
much controversy, some contending that it is in effect a grant of
the soil of the river from Staines to Yantlet, that being the extent
of the City's liberties on the Thames, whilst others restrict the
grant to the City's territorial limits, _i.e._, from Temple Bar to
the Tower.
839 Letter Book K, fo. 220b.
M447 Henry's marriage with Margaret of Anjou, 22 April, 1445.
840 Chron. of London (Nicholas), p. 134.
M448 Jack Cade's rebellion, 1450.
841 See "Historical Memoranda," by Stow, printed in "Three Fifteenth
Cent. Chron." (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), pp. 94-99.
842 "And the Meire of London with the comynes of the city came to the
kynge besekynge him that he wolde tarye in the cite, and they wolde
lyve and dye with him, and pay for his costes of householde an halff
yere; but he wold nott, but toke his journey to
Kyllyngworthe."--"Three Fifteenth Cent. Chronicles" (Camd. Soc.), p.
67.
M449 The city prepares to defend itself.
843 Journal 5, fo. 36b.
844 Journal 5, fo. 39.
845 He had been admitted alderman of Lime Street ward in 1448, at the
king's special request, and had only recently been
discharged.--Journal 4, fo. 213b; Journal 5, fo. 38b. In 1461 he left
England, but was captured at sea by the French and put to ransom for
4,000 marks.--Fabyan, p. 638.
846 Holinshed, iii, 224.
847 Gregory's Chron., p. 192.
848 Journal 5, fo. 40b.
M450 Mock trials held by the rebels at the Guildhall.
M451 Cade apprehended.
849 Alexander Iden, who appears to have pursued Cade beyond the limits
of his own jurisdiction, as Sheriff of Kent, into the neighbouring
county of Sussex, where the rebel was apprehended in a garden at
Heathfield.--"Three Fifteenth Cent. Chron.," preface, p. vii.
M452 The question of the succession to the throne.
M453 Rivalry between the Dukes of York and Somerset, 1450.
850 The exclusion of the Duke and other nobles from the king's council
had been made an express ground of complaint by the Kentish
insurgents.
851 Chron., p. 196.
M454 Civil war averted.
852 "And so thei brought (the duke) ungirt thurgh London bitwene ij
bisshoppes ridyng unto his place; and after that made hym swere at
Paulis after theire entent, and put him frome his good peticions
which were for the comoen wele of the realme."--Chron. of London
(Nicolas), p. 138.
M455 The king's illness, 1453.
853 Journal 5, fos. 131, 132b, 133b.
M456 The City again called upon to assist in the defence of Calais,
1453-1454.
854 Journal 5, fos. 134b, 135b, 136.
855 -_Id._, fo. 148.
856 -_Id._, fo. 152.
857 -_Id._, fo. 152b.
858 -_Id._, fos. 183, 184.
859 Journal 5, fo. 206.
860 Report of City Chamberlain to the Court of Common Council.--Journal
5, fos. 227-228b.
M457 The Duke of York and his supporters take up their quarters in the
city, 1454.
861 News-letter of John Stodeley, 19 Jan., 1454; Paston Letters
(Gairdner), i, 265, 266.
862 Journal 5, fos 143, 145b, 152, 152b-160b.
M458 The Duke of York nominated protector, 1454.
863 Journal 5, fo. 150.
864 -_Id._, fos. 162, 162b.
865 -_Id._, fo. 164b.
M459 The first battle of St. Albans, 22 May, 1455.
M460 A rising against the Lombards in the city, May, 1456.
866 Booking to Paston, 15 May; Paston Letters (Gairdner), i, 387; _Cf._
Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 139; Gregory's Chron., p. 199.
867 William Cantelowe, alderman of Cripplegate and Billingsgate wards,
from the latter of which he was discharged in October, 1461, on the
score of old age and infirmity (Journal 6, fo. 81b). He appears in
his time to have had financial dealings with the crown, on one
occasion conveying money over sea for bringing Queen Margaret to
England, and on another supplying gunpowder to the castle of
Cherbourg, when it was in the hands of the English. He is thought by
some to be identical with the William Cantelowe who afterwards (in
1464) captured Henry VI in a wood in the North of England.--"Three
Fifteenth Cent. Chron." (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 28), Preface, p. viii.
868 Short English Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 70.
M461 Letter from the king for safe-guarding the city, 3 Sept., 1456.
869 Letter Book K, fo. 287.
M462 The citizens offer to man and victual ships to punish France, 1457.
870 -_Id._, fo. 288b.
M463 A general reconciliation at St. Paul's, 25 March, 1458.
871 Cotton MS., Vitell. A, xvi, fo. 114.
872 Engl. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 77.
873 Fabyan, Chron. (ed. 1811), p. 633; _Cf._ Chron. of London (Nicolas),
p. 139.
M464 Warwick implicated in a riot, Nov., 1458.
M465 Seeks refuge in the city.
M466 Leaves for Calais.
874 Journal 6, fos. 138, 138b, 139.
875 Engl. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 78; _Cf._ Fabyan,
p. 633; Holinshed, iii, 249.
M467 Riot between citizens and Templars, April, 1459.
876 Short Engl. Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 71; Chron. of
London (Nicolas), p. 140.
M468 The battle of Blore Heath, 23 Sept., 1459.
M469 Parliament at Coventry, 20 Nov., 1459.
877 Journal 6, fo. 166.
878 -_Id._, fo. 145.
M470 The king loses favour.
879 -_Id._, fo. 163.
880 English Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 179.
M471 Unconstitutional conduct of the king in issuing commissions to raise
an army, Jan., 1460.
M472 A deputation from the City waits upon the king at Northampton.
M473 The City's liberties not to be prejudiced.
881 Journal 6, fo. 224b.
882 William Paston, writing to his brother John, under date 28th
January, 1460, remarks, "Item, the kyng cometh to London ward, and,
as it is seyd, rereth the pepyll as he come; but it is certayn ther
be comyssyons made in to dyvers schyres that every man be redy in
his best aray to com when the kyng send for hem."--Paston Letters
(Gairdner), i, 506.
883 Paston Letters (Gairdner), Introd., p. cxl.
884 The king's letter, dated 2 Feb., was read before the Common Council
on the 5 Feb.--Letter Book K, fo. 313b; Journal 6, fo. 196b.
M474 Military precautions taken by the City, Feb., 1460.
885 Journal 6, fo. 197b.
886 -_Id._, fo. 203b.
887 -_Id._, fo. 158.
M475 Landing of the confederate earls.
M476 The Common Council determine to oppose their entrance to the city,
27 June, 1460.
888 Journal 6, fo. 237.
889 It had been destroyed by fire during the Kentish outbreak.--Gregory's
Chron., p. 193.
890 Journal 6, fo. 237b.
M477 Meeting of Common Council on Sunday, 29 June.
891 Journal 6, fo. 238.
892 -_Id._, fo. 238b.
M478 The Yorkist earls admitted into the city, 2 July, 1460.
893 Journal 6, fos. 239, 239b; Eng. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc. No.
64), p. 94.
M479 The Tower holds out.
894 Journal 6, fo. 252b.
895 Eo quod nullus alius modus videtur esse tutus pro civitate.--_Id._,
fo. 251.
896 Journal 6, fo. 251b.
M480 The Tower surrendered, 19 July.
M481 Murder of Lord Scales.
897 -_Id._, fo. 250b.
898 Eng. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 98. The Thames boatmen and
sailors were almost as powerful and troublesome a body of men as the
London apprentices. The Common Council had recently (11th July)
endeavoured to subdue their turbulent spirit by the distribution
among them of a large sum of money (L100).--Journal 6, fo. 254.
M482 Battle of Northampton, 10 July, 1460.
899 On the 4th July the Common Council voted the earls the sum of L1,000
by way of loan.--Journal 6, fo. 253.
900 Journal 6, fo. 256. By some inadvertence two copies of the agreement
were sealed, one of which was returned to the mayor to be cancelled.
M483 Measures for restoring confidence in the city.
901 Journal 6, fo. 257.
M484 Parliament of 7 Oct., 1460.
M485 The Duke of York's claim to the throne allowed.
M486 The Livery Companies declare their allegiance to the king.
902 Gregory's Chron., p. 208; Engl. Chron., pp, 99-100; Short Engl.
Chron., p. 75.
903 The interview with the wardens of the companies took place at a
Common Council held on the 13th December, 1460.--Journal 6, fo. 282b.
M487 The battle of Wakefield, 29 Dec., 1460.
M488 The second battle of St. Albans, 17 Feb., 1461.
904 Journal 6, fo. 13.
905 The governing body in the city was still Lancastrian at heart. On
the 13th Feb. the Common Council had voted Henry, at that time in
the hands of Warwick, a loan of 1,000 marks, and a further sum of
500 marks (making in all L1,000) for the purpose of _garnysshyng_
and safeguarding the city. On the 24th a certain number of aldermen
and commoners were deputed to answer for the safe custody of the
Tower, and on the following day (25 Feb.) the mayor forbade, by
public proclamation, any insult being offered to Sir Edmund Hampden
and others, who had been despatched by the king and queen to London
for the purpose of ascertaining "the true and faithful disposition"
of the city.--Journal 6, fos. 35, 35b, 40.
M489 The Earls of March and Warwick admitted into the city, Feb., 1461.
906 Gregory's Chron., p. 215.
M490 Edward's claim to the crown recognised, 1 March, 1461.
907 Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 189.
908 Journal 6, fo. 37b.
M491 The accession of King Edward IV, March, 1461.
909 Letter Book L, fo. 4; Lib. Dunthorn, fo. 62; Journal 7, fo. 98.
910 Short English Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 80.
911 Journal 7, fos. 97b, 98.
M492 Edward's first charter to the city, 26 Aug., 1461.
912 Charter, dat. Winchecombe, 26 Aug., 1461. Preserved at the Guildhall
(Box No. 28).
M493 Second charter of Edward IV, 25 March, 1462.
913 Inspeximus charter, dated Westminster, 25 March, 1462. Preserved at
the Guildhall (Box No. 13).
M494 City Loans, 1462.
914 Journal 7, fo. 8.
915 -_Id._, fo. 15.
916 See Inspeximus charter 15 Charles II.
M495 The king's reception in the city on his return from the North, Feb.,
1463.
917 Journal 7, fo. 21b.
M496 Estrangement of Warwick, 1464-1468.
M497 Alliance between England and Burgundy, 1468.
918 Journal 7, fo. 175.
M498 Renewal of the civil war, 1469.
919 Ancestor of Lord Bacon and others of the nobility.--See Orridge
"Citizens and their Rulers," p. 222.
920 Fabyan, p. 656. He was deprived of his aldermanry (Broad Street
Ward) by the king's orders.--Journal 7, fo. 128.
921 Journal 7, fos. 196, 198, 199.
922 Journal 7, fos. 215b, 222b.
923 -_Id._, fos. 229b, 230b.
M499 Flight of Edward and restoration of Henry VI, Oct., 1470.
924 -_Id._, fo. 222b.
925 A record of what took place in the city between the 1st and 6th
October is set out in Journal 7, fo. 223b.
926 -_Id._, fo. 225.
927 He had, after Warwick's flight to France in March of this year, put
to death and impaled twenty of the earl's followers.--Warkworth's
Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 10), p. 9.
928 Journal 7, fo. 225.
M500 Sir Thomas Cooke or Coke, late alderman.
929 Fabyan Chron., p. 660.
M501 Edward recovers the throne, April, 1471.
930 Warkworth's Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 10), p. 15.--According to the
chronicler, the _Commons_ of the city were still loyal to Henry,
whom Archbishop Nevill had carried through the streets, weak and
sickly as he was, in the hope of exciting the sympathy of the
burgesses. Had the archbishop been a true man, "as the Commons of
London were," Edward would not have gained an entry into the city
until after the victory of Barnet-field.
M502 The Kentish rising under "bastard" Fauconberg, May, 1471.
M503 Attack made on the City.
931 Journal 5, fos. 152, 175.
932 The "bastard's" letter and the reply of the mayor and aldermen are
set out in Journal 8, fos. 4b-6b, and Letter Book L, fo. 78.
933 Holinshed, iii, 323; Fabyan, p. 662.--According to Warkworth (p. 19),
the _Commons_ would willingly have admitted the rebels had the
latter not attempted to fire Aldgate and London Bridge.
934 Paston Letters, iii, 17.
M504 Edward's return to London, and death of Henry VI, May, 1471.
935 The 21st May is the day usually given as that on which Edward
returned. The City's Journal, however, gives the day as the Eve of
the Ascension, that festival falling on May the 23rd.--Journal 8, fo.
7.
936 Warkworth's Chron., p. 21.
937 Namely, Richard Lee, Matthew Philip, Ralph Verney, John Young,
William Tailour, George Irlond, William Hampton, Bartholomew James,
Thomas Stalbrok, and William Stokker.--Journal 8, fo. 7.
938 Journal 7, fo. 246.
M505 Birth of Edward V.
939 -_Id._, 8, fo. 98.
M506 The invasion of France, 1475.
940 -_Id._, fo. 101.
941 Journal 8, fo. 110b.
M507 Edward and the citizens.
942 Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 28).
943 Journal 8, fo. 244.
944 Fabyan, p. 667.
M508 A famine threatened, 1482.
945 Proclamation, dated 21 Nov., 22 Edw. IV.--Letter Book L, fo. 281b;
Journal 9, fo. 2.
M509 Edward's last parliament, 1483.
946 Journal 9, fo. 12.
947 -_Id._, fo. 14.
948 -_Id._, fo. 14b.
M510 Preparations for the coronation of Edward V.
949 -_Id._, fos. 18, 18b.
950 Journal 9, fo. 21b.
951 The oath taken by Gloucester to King Edward V, as well as the oath
which he was willing to take to the queen, if she consented to quit
Westminster, were read before the Common Council on the 23rd
March.--Journal 9, fo. 23b.
M511 Shaw's sermon at Paul's Cross, Sunday, 22 June, 1483.
M512 The Duke of Buckingham at the Guildhall, 24 June, 1483.
952 Wife of Matthew Shore, a respectable goldsmith of Lombard Street:--
"In Lombard-street, I once did dwelle,
As London yet can witness welle;
Where many gallants did beholde
My beautye in a shop of golde."
(_Percy Reliques_).
She had recently been made to do penance by Gloucester in a white
sheet for practising witchcraft upon him; but her unhappy position,
as well as her well-known charity in better days, gained for her
much sympathy and respect.
953 The duke's speech, interesting as it is, as showing the importance
attached to gaining the favour of the City, cannot be regarded as
historical.--Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 224 note.
M513 The deposition of Edward V, 26 June, 1483.
M514 The coronation of Richard III, 6 July, 1433.
954 Journal 9, fo. 27.
955 Journal 9, fo. 33b. The names of the citizens selected for that
honour are recorded.--_Id._, fo. 21b. The names also of those who
attended coronations in the same capacity down to the time of George
IV are, with one exception (the coronation of Charles I), entered in
the City's archives.--(See Report on Coronations, presented to Co.
Co., 18 Aug., 1831. _Printed_.)
956 -_Id._, fo. 43.
957 -_Id._, fo. 114b.
M515 Rebellion of the Duke of Buckingham, 1483.
M516 His execution, 2 Nov.
M517 The king's reception in the city, Nov., 1483.
M518 Bold speech of the Londoners.
958 Journal 9, fo. 39.
959 Green, Hist. of the English People, ii, 63.
M519 Richard's Parliament, Jan., 1484.
960 Stat. 1 Richard III, c. 9.
961 -_Id._, c. 2.
M520 Expected invasion of Henry of Richmond, 1484.
962 Journal 9, fo. 43b.
963 Journal 9, fo. 56.
964 Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 140.
M521 Richard defeated and slain at Bosworth, 22 Aug., 1485.
965 Journal 9, fos. 78b, 81. Richard issued a proclamation against Henry
"Tydder" on the 23 June, calling upon his subjects to defend
themselves against his proposed attack.--Paston Letters (Gairdner),
iii, 316-320.
966 Journal 9, fos. 81b-83b.
M522 Henry VII escorted to the city.
967 Journal 9, fos. 84, 85b, 86b; _Cf._ "Materials illustrative of the
reign of Henry VII" (Rolls Series, No. 60), i, 4-6.
968 Holinshed, iii, 479.
M523 The sweating sickness, Sept.-Oct., 1485.
969 Hecker's "Epidemics of the Middle Ages," p. 168.
970 Journal 9, fo. 87b.
971 The day for election of mayor varied; at one time it was the Feast
of the Translation of S. Edward (13 Oct.), at another the Feast of
SS. Simon and Jude (28 Oct.).
972 Journal 9, fo. 88.
973 -_Id._, fo. 78b.
974 -_Id._, fo. 89b.
M524 A City loan of L2,000.
975 Holinshed, iii, 482, 483; Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 141b.
According to Fabyan (p. 683), the Mercers, Grocers and Drapers
subscribed nearly one half of the loan.
M525 Henry's marriage with Elizabeth of York, Jan., 1486.
976 Pol. Verg., 717; "Materials illustrative of the reign of Henry VII"
(Rolls Series, No. 60), i, 3.
977 Gairdner's "Henry the Seventh" (Twelve English Statesmen Series), p.
47. No record of this appears in the City's archives.
M526 The insurrection of Lambert Simnel, 1487.
M527 City gifts to the king, June and July, 1487.
978 Journal 9, fos. 150b, 151.
979 -_Id._, fo. 151.
M528 The king escorted to London, Oct., 1487.
M529 The City's gift to the queen at her coronation, 25 Nov., 1487.
980 He arrived on the 3rd Nov.--Gairdner, p. 57.
981 Journal 9, fos. 157b, 158.
982 -_Id._, fo. 161.
M530 Henry VII and Brittany, 1488-1492.
983 Journal 9, fo. 223b; Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 142b; Fabyan,
p. 683; Holinshed, iii, 492.
M531 Parliamentary supplies and City loans.
984 Henry's second parliament was summoned to meet the 9th Nov., 1487.
The names of the City's representatives have not come down to us,
but we know that William White, an alderman, was elected one or the
members in the place of Thomas Fitz-William, who was chosen member
for Lincolnshire, and we have the names of six men chosen to
superintend the City's affairs in this parliament (_ad prosequendum
in parliamento pro negociis civitatis_), viz:--William Capell,
alderman, Thomas Bullesdon, Nicholas Alwyn, Simon Harrys, William
Brogreve, and Thomas Grafton.--Journal 9, fo. 224.
985 Holinshed, iii, 492.
986 Journal 9, fo. 273b.
987 Fabyan, p. 684.
M532 Perkin Warbeck conspiracy, 1496-1497.
M533 The city put into a state of defence.
988 Journal 10, fos. 80b, 83; Repertory 1, fos. 10b, 13. The
"Repertories"--containing minutes of the proceedings of the Court of
Aldermen, distinct from those of the Common Council--commence in
1495.
989 Repertory 1, fo. 19b.
990 Two years later, when the post was held by Arnold Babyngton,
complaint being made of the noisome smell arising from the burning
of bones, horns, shavings of leather, &c., in preparing food for the
City's hounds, near Moorgate, the Common Hunt was allowed a sum of
26_s._ 8_d._ in addition to his customary fees for the purpose of
supplying wood for the purpose.--Repertory 1, fo. 70. The office was
maintained as late as the year 1807, when it was abolished by order
of the Common Council.--Journal 84, fo. 135b.
991 Repertory 1, fo. 20b.
992 -_Id._, fos. 20, 20b.
M534 The rebels defeated at Blackheath, 22 June, 1497.
M535 Perkin Warbeck in Cornwall.
M536 Surrenders to the king's forces and is brought prisoner to London,
Oct., 1498.
M537 Is executed at Tyburn, 1499.
993 Journal 10, fo. 104b.
994 -_Id._, fo. 105.
995 -_Id._, fo. 108.
996 Fabyan, p. 687.
M538 Visit of Henry VIII as a boy to the city, 30 Oct., 1498.
997 Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 176.
M539 His speech.
998 Repertory 1, fo. 41b.
M540 Negotiations for a marriage between Prince Arthur and Catherine of
Aragon.
M541 Preparations for reception of the princess, Nov., 1499.
999 Repertory 1, fo. 62.
1000 Journal 10, fo. 187b.
M542 Death of an infant prince, June, 1500.
1001 Journal 10, fo. 190b.
1002 -_Id._, fo. 191.
M543 The marriage of Prince Arthur with Catherine of Aragon, 14 Nov.,
1501.
1003 This is the date given by Gairdner (p. 198). According to Fabyan
(p. 687) she arrived on the 4th Oct.
1004 Journal 10, fos. 238, 238b.
M544 More rejoicings in the city, March, 1503
1005 Repertory 1, fos. 122b-126. The account will be found in Archaeol.,
vol. xxxii, p. 126.
1006 Repertory 1, fos. 130, 130b.
M545 Charter of Henry VII to the Tailors of London, 6 June 1503.
1007 By Stat. 19 Henry VII, c. 7, annulling Stat. 15 Henry VI, c. 6.
1008 Repertory 2, fo. 146.
M546 Henry's charter to the City, 23 July, 1505.
1009 Charter dated 23 July, 1505, preserved at the Guildhall (Box No.
15).
1010 Repertory 1, fo. 175.
M547 Henry's high-handed policy towards the City, 1506-1509.
1011 Strype, Stow's "Survey" (1720), bk. ii, p. 193.
1012 Repertory 2, fos. 12, 14; Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53),
p. 29.
1013 The sum mentioned by Holinshed (iii. 539), is L1,400; _Cf._ Fabyan,
p. 689.
1014 Baker, in his Chronicle (ed. 1674), p. 248, puts Capel's fine at
L1,400; _Cf._ Fabyan, p. 689; Holinshed, iii, 530; Journal 11, fo.
94.
1015 Fabyan, p. 690.
M548 Marriage of the Princess Mary, Dec., 1508.
1016 Letter Book M, fo. 138; Journal 11, fo. 28.
1017 Journal 11, fos. 37-39.
1018 Gairdner's "Henry the Seventh," p. 206.
M549 Henry's taste for the fine arts.
M550 The King's Chapel and Chantry at Westminster.
1019 Journal 10, fos. 318, 318b; Repertory 2, fos. 10b-11b. A list of
"such places as have charged themself and promysed to kepe the
yerely obit" of Henry VII, as well as a copy of indentures made for
the assurance of the same obit, with schedule of sums paid to
various religious houses for the observance of the same, are entered
in the City's Records.--Repertory 1. fo. 167b; Letter Book P, fo.
186b.
M551 The king's death, 22 April, 1509.
1020 The generally accepted day of his death, although the City's
Archives in one place record it as having taken place on the
21st.--Journal 2, fo. 67b; _Cf._ Fabyan, 690.
1021 Holinshed, iii, 541.
1022 Journal 11, fos. 67b-69.
1023 "Aldermen barons and presenting barons astate whiche hath been
Maires."
1024 Journal 2, fo. 69.
1025 Repertory 11, fo. 68b.
M552 Proceeding against Empson and Dudley and their agents.
1026 Letters Patent, dated 9 June, 1509, preserved at the Guildhall (Box
No. 29).
1027 Letter Book M, fo. 159; Journal 11, fo. 74b.
1028 Repertory 2, fo. 68.
M553 City gift on occasion of the king's coronation, 24 June, 1509.
1029 Journal 11, fos. 80, 81b, 82; Letter Book M, fo. 160.
1030 Journal 11, fo. 80.
1031 Holinshed, iii, 547.
M554 The war with France, 1512-1513.
1032 According to Holinshed (iii, 567), Parliament opened on the 25th
Jan., 1512. The Parliamentary Returns give the date as the 4th Feb.
with "no returns found." The names of the City's members, however,
are recorded in the City's Archives. They were Alderman Sir William
Capell, who had suffered so much at the close of the last reign,
Richard Broke, the City's new Recorder, William Cawle or Calley,
draper, and John Kyme, mercer, commoners.--Journal 11, fo. 147b;
Repertory 2, fo. 125b.
1033 The Act for levying the necessary subsidy ordained that every alien
made a denizen should be rated like a native, but that aliens who
had not become denizens should be assessed at double the amount at
which natives were assessed.--See "Historical Introd. to Cal. of
Denizations and Naturalizations of Aliens in England, 1509-1603."
(Huguenot Soc.), viii, 7.
1034 Journal 11, fo. 1.
1035 -_Id._, fo. 1b.
1036 Journal 11, fo. 171; Repertory 2, fos. 150b, 172.
1037 Repertory 2, fos. 151b-152.
1038 Journal 11, fo. 2.
1039 Repertory 2, fo. 153.
M555 The Battle of Spurs, 16 Aug., 1513.
M556 Peace with France, 1514.
M557 The New Learning.
M558 Thomas More.
1040 Letter Book M., fo. 257; Repertory 3, fo. 221. In July, 1517, the
Fellowship of Saddlers of London consented, on the recommendation of
Archbishop Warham, to refer a matter of dispute between it and the
parishioners of St. Vedast to the Recorder and Thomas More,
gentleman, for settlement (Repertory 3, fo. 149); and in Aug., 1521,
"Thomas More, late of London, gentleman," was bound over, in the sum
of L20, to appear before the mayor for the time being, to answer
such charges as might be made against him.--Journal 12, fo. 123.
1041 Roper's Life of Sir Thomas More, pp. 3, 5, 6.
M559 Dean Colet.
1042 Journal 8, fo. 144; Journal 9, fos. 13, 142b.
M560 Education in the city.
1043 William Lichfield, rector of All Hallows the Great, Gilbert
Worthington, rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, John Cote, rector of
St. Peter's, Cornhill, and John Nigel or Neel, master of the
hospital of St. Thomas de Acon and parson of St. Mary
Colechurch.--Rot. Parl. v, 137.
M561 The City of London School.
1044 Stow's Survey (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 42.