at a cost of $2,600,000. After the elapse of a few years it will be
necessary to provide additional storage in the Passaic highlands
for water supply or the maintenance of water power. The Mountain
View reservoir, or its equivalent in capacity and cost, will then
be necessary. The situation will then be as follows: By
constructing the Great Piece reservoir in preference to the
Mountain View for flood catchment, $700,000 would be saved. We can
consider that this amount might be expended to pay a part of the
cost of additional conservation above referred to. If, on the other
hand, Mountain View had been constructed, there would have been
paid on the final cost of conservance the sum of $3,340,000, which,
as stated in previous pages, would also have effected flood relief.
There would then be the difference between $2,600,000 and $700,000,
or $1,900,000, which represents the actual loss which would accrue
by reason of the construction of Great Piece reservoir.
The engineering committee, after presenting the merits of both
Great Piece Meadow and Mountain View projects, therefore recommends
the adoption of the latter in spite of its greater cost, because it
is believed that in the end the construction of the Great Piece
project would involve an expenditure not warranted by public
economy or general expediency.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
1. Great floods in the Passaic Basin arise only after a specially
violent precipitation.
2. Under present conditions floods may be expected at frequent
intervals.
3. A part of the damage along the lower valley is the result of
encroachments on the part of individuals and public and private
corporations.
4. The channel in the lower valley may be improved at certain points by
straightening it and judiciously making cut-offs.
5. Without the construction of numerous levees the lower valley channel
can not be made to carry great flood waters without damage.
6. Immunity from floods can be effected only by the construction of
catchment reservoirs in the highlands or levees in the lowlands.
7. Levee construction would involve more damage than is now caused by
floods, and the cost thereof would be prohibitive.
8. Flood catchment reservoirs may be constructed economically and
provide storage to compensate for the dry-season flow, thereby
maintaining water power at Paterson, Passaic, and other points, and
providing for municipal water supply in the future.
INDEX.
Arch street bridge, Paterson, destruction of; 27
Beattie's dam, flood flow at; 16-17
flood period at; 9
view of; 16
Bridges, destruction of; 26-27
Capacity of streams, increase in; 28
Central Basin, damage in; 24
flood in, descent of; 14-15
Charlotteburg, rainfall at; 11, 12
Chatham, flood period at; 10
Chester, rainfall at; 11
Cranberry Pond, dam at, failure of; 24
Damages, discussion of; 23-28
Darlington, reservoir site at; 33
Dixons Pond, reservoir site at; 37
Dover, rainfall at; 11, 12
Drought, relation of rainfall to; 12
Dundee dam, flood flow over; 17-22
flood flow over, diagram showing; 20
flood period at; 9
floods at, comparison of, figure showing; 18
East Jersey Water Company, damage at pumping station of; 25-26
Elizabeth, rainfall at; 11
Essex Fells, rainfall at; 11, 12
Flood, descent of; 14-22
period of; 9-10
prevention of; 28-44
Flood damage, plates showing; 26, 28
Floods, general conclusions concerning; 44-45
Great Passaic Swamp, reservoir site at; 38-39
Great Piece reservoir, cost of, estimate of; 42
Greenwood Lake, use of; 34
Hanover, rainfall at; 11
Hebrew quarter, Paterson, devastation in, plate showing; 28
Highland tributaries, damages along; 23-25
descent of flood in; 14-15
Hotel, wreck of, plate showing; 26
Little Falls, dam at, view of; 16
damage at; 25-26
flood flow at; 16-17
flood period at; 9
rainfall at; 12
Longwood Valley, reservoir site in; 37
Lower Longwood, reservoir site near; 38
Lower Valley, damage in; 25-28
improvements in, discussion of; 29-31
Ludlum Steel and Iron Company, water front of; 24
Macopin dam, flood flow at; 15-16
flood period at; 10
Main street bridge, Paterson, destruction of; 27
Midvale, proposed reservoir near; 34
Mill district, Paterson, effects of flood in, plate showing; 26
Millington, reservoir site near; 38-39, 40
Mountain View, reservoir site at; 31-33, 40
Mountain View reservoir, cost of, estimate of; 43
New York City, rainfall at; 11, 13
Newark, rainfall at; 11, 12, 13
Newark water department, information furnished by; 16
Newell, F. H., letter of transmittal by; 7
Newfoundland, reservoir site near; 36, 40
Nigger Pond, dam at, failure of; 24
Oakland, reservoir site near; 34
Obstructions to flow of Passaic River, discussion of; 29-30
Old Boonton, flood period at; 10
Passaic, damage at; 27-28
inundated lands at, plate showing; 28
Passaic Basin, reservoir sites in upper; 38-39
storage facilities in, effect of; 11
Passaic River, bridge over, plate showing; 28
flood flow of; 17-22
diagram showing; 20
flood period on; 10
floods on, comparison of, diagram showing; 18
flow of, obstructions to; 29-30
Passaic Valley, rainfall in; 11, 12
Paterson, damage at; 26-27
flood district of, plate showing; 24
flood-water lines in residence district of, plate showing; 16
Hebrew quarter in, devastation in, plate showing; 28
mill district, effects of flood in, plate showing; 26
rainfall at; 11, 12
residence district, flood-water lines in, plate showing; 16
views in; 16, 24, 26, 28
Pequanac Basin, reservoir sites in; 35-36, 40, 41
Pequanac River, damage along; 24
flood flow of; 16
flood period on; 10
Petersburg, reservoir site near; 37
Plainfield, rainfall at; 11
Pompton Lake, dry bed of, plate showing; 24
reservoir site at; 33-35
Pompton Lakes, damage at; 24
Pompton Lakes dam, plate showing; 24
Pompton Plains, damage at; 24
highest water at; 10
Pompton reservoir, discussion of; 31-33
Powerville, reservoir site near; 37
Precipitation, amount of; 11-14
Prevention of floods, discussion of; 28-45
Rainfall, amount of; 11-14
relation of drought to; 12
Ramapo River, damages along; 23-24
flood on, time of; 9
Ramapo Valley, reservoir sites in; 33-34, 40, 41
Reservoir sites, comparison of; 40-44
Reservoirs for preventing floods, discussion of; 28, 31-40
Residence district, Paterson, flood-water lines in, plate showing; 16
Ringwood, rainfall at; 11, 12
Ringwood Creek, reservoir site on; 35
River street, Paterson, view of; 26
River Vale, rainfall at; 11, 12
Rockaway Basin, reservoir sites on; 37-38, 40, 41
Rockaway River, flood period on; 10
Saddle River, reservoir sites on; 39-40
Sherrerd, M. R., aid by; 15
Smith, G. W., quoted on changes in channel at Little Falls; 25
South Orange, rainfall at; 11, 12
Splitrock Pond, reservoir site on; 38
Spruce street, Paterson, washout at, plate showing; 26
Stickle Pond, proposed reservoir at; 36
Stony Brook, reservoir site on; 37
Storage reservoirs for preventing floods, discussion of; 28, 31-40
Streams, capacity of, increase in; 28
Vermeule, C. C., quoted on Pompton reservoir; 31-32
Wanaque Basin, reservoir sites in; 34-35, 40, 41
West Street Bridge, Paterson, destruction of; 26
West Brook, reservoir site on; 35
PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1)
Annual Reports; (2) Monographs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins;
(5) Mineral Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers; (7)
Topographic Atlas of United States, folios and separate sheets thereof;
(8) Geologic Atlas of United States, folios thereof. The classes
numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are
distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had on
application.
The Bulletins, Professional Papers, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a
variety of subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have
therefore been classified into the following series: A, Economic
geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology;
D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and physics; F, Geography;
G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water storage; K,
Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic
investigations; N, Water power; O, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic
progress reports. The following Water-Supply Papers are out of stock,
and can no longer be supplied: Nos. 1-14, 19, 20, 22, 29-33, 46, 57-64.
Complete lists of series I to P follow. (WS=Water-Supply Paper;
B=Bulletin; PP=Professional Paper.)
SERIES I--IRRIGATION.
WS 2. Irrigation near Phoenix, Ariz., by A. P. Davis. 1897. 98 pp.,
31 pls. and maps.
WS 5. Irrigation practice on the Great Plains, by E. B. Cowgill.
1897. 39 pp., 11 pls.
WS 9. Irrigation near Greeley, Colo., by David Boyd. 1897. 90 pp.,
21 pls.
WS 10. Irrigation in Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, by F. C. Barker.
1898. 51 pp., 11 pls.
WS 13. Irrigation systems in Texas, by W. F. Hutson. 1898. 68 pp.,
10 pls.
WS 17. Irrigation near Bakersfield, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1898.
96 pp., 16 pls.
WS 18. Irrigation near Fresno, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1898. 94
pp., 14 pls.
WS 19. Irrigation near Merced, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1899. 59
pp., 11 pls.
WS 23. Water-right problems of Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead.
1899. 62 pp., 7 pls.
WS 32. Water resources of Porto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48
pp., 17 pls. and maps.
WS 43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes,
by Samuel Fortier. 1901. 86 pp., 15 pls.
WS 70. Geology and water resources of the Patrick and Goshen Hole
quadrangles, Wyoming, by G. I. Adams. 1902. 50 pp., 11 pls.
WS 71. Irrigation systems of Texas, by T. U. Taylor. 1902. 137 pp.,
9 pls.
WS 74. Water resources of the State of Colorado, by A. L. Fellows.
1902. 151 pp., 14 pls.
WS 87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903.
238 pp., 27 pls.
The following papers also relate especially to irrigation: Irrigation in
India, by H. M. Wilson, in Twelfth Annual, Pt. II; two papers on
irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, in Thirteenth Annual, Pt. III.
SERIES J--WATER STORAGE.
WS 33. Storage of water on Gila River, Arizona, by J. B.
Lippincott. 1900. 98 pp., 33 pls.
WS 40. The Austin dam, by Thomas U. Taylor. 1900. 51 pp., 16 pls.
WS 45. Water storage on Cache Creek, California, by A. E. Chandler.
1901. 48 pp., 10 pls.
WS 46. Physical characteristics of Kern River, California, by F. H.
Olmsted, and Reconnaissance of Yuba River, California, by Marsden
Manson. 1901. 57 pp., 8 pls.
WS 58. Storage of water on Kings River, California, by J. B.
Lippincott. 1902. 100 pp., 32 pls.
WS 68. Water storage in Truckee Basin, California-Nevada, by L. H.
Taylor. 1902. 90 pp., 8 pls.
WS 73. Water storage on Salt River, Arizona, by A. P. Davis. 1902.
54 pp., 25 pls.
WS 86. Storage reservoirs of Stony Creek, California, by Burt Cole.
1903. 62 pp., 16 pls.
WS 89. Water resources of Salinas Valley, California, by Homer
Hamlin. 1903.--pp., 12 pls.
The following paper also should be noted under this heading: Reservoirs
for irrigation, by J. D. Schuyler, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV.
SERIES K--PUMPING WATER.
WS 1. Pumping water for irrigation, by Herbert M. Wilson. 1896. 57
pp., 9 pls.
WS 8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8
pls.
WS 14. Tests of pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P.
Hood. 1898. 91 pp., 1 pl.
WS 20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12
pls.
WS 29. Wells and windmills in Nebraska, by E. H. Barbour. 1899. 85
pp., 27 pls.
WS 41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Pt. I, by E.
C. Murphy. 1901. 72 pp., 14 pls.
WS 42. The windmill, Pt. II (continuation of No. 41). 1901. 73-147
pp., 15-16 pls.
WS 91. Natural features and economic development of Sandusky,
Maumee, Muskingum, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. Flynn
and M. S. Flynn. 1904.--pp.
SERIES L--QUALITY OF WATER.
WS 3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pls.
WS 22. Sewage irrigation, Pt. II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7
pls.
WS 72. Sewage pollution near New York City, by M. O. Leighton.
1902. 75 pp., 8 pls.
WS 76. Flow of rivers near New York City, by H. A. Pressey. 1903.
108 pp., 13 pls.
WS 79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by
M. O. Leighton. 1903. 192 pp., 15 pls.
SERIES M--GENERAL HYDROGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS.
WS 56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pls.
WS 64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99
pp., 4 pls.
WS 76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New
York City, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 108 pp., 13 pls.
WS 80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903.
104 pp.
WS 81. California hydrography, by J. B. Lippincott. 1903. 488 pp.,
1 pl.
WS 88. The Passaic flood of 1902, by G. B. Hollister and M. O.
Leighton. 1903. 56 pp., 15 pls.
WS 91. Natural features and economic development of the Sandusky,
Maumee, Muskingum, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. Flynn
and M. S. Flynn. 1904.--pp.
WS 92. The Passaic flood of 1903, by M. O. Leighton. 1904.--pp., 7
pls.
SERIES N--WATER POWER.
WS 24. Water resources of State of New York, Pt. I, by G. W.
Rafter. 1899. 92 pp., 13 pls.
WS 25. Water resources of State of New York, Pt. II, by G. W.
Rafter. 1899. 100-200 pp., 12 pls.
WS 44. Profiles of rivers, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pls.
WS 62. Hydrography of the Southern Appalachian Mountain region, Pt.
I, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 95 pp., 25 pls.
WS 63. Hydrography of the Southern Appalachian Mountain region, Pt.
II, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 96-190 pp., 26-44 pls.
WS 69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902.
124 pp., 14 pls.
SERIES O--UNDERGROUND WATERS.
WS 4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C.
Russell. 1897. 96 pp., 7 pls.
WS 6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus
Haworth. 1897. 65 pp., 12 pls.
WS 7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. 1897. 50
pp., 3 pls.
WS 12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N. H.
Darton. 1898. 56 pp., 21 pls.
WS 21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp.,
2 pls.
WS 26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank
Leverett. 1899. 64 pp.
WS 30. Water resources of the lower peninsula of Michigan, by A. C.
Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pls.
WS 31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp.,
4 pls.
WS 34. Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern
South Dakota, by J. E. Todd. 1900. 34 pp., 19 pls.
WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt.
I, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 86 pp., 10 pls.
WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt.
II, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 87-141 pp.
WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima County,
Wash., by G. O. Smith. 1901. 68 pp., 7 pls.
WS 57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt.
I, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp.
WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California,
Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 95 pp., 11 pls.
WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California,
Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 96-140 pp.
WS 61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt.
II, by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp.
WS 67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902.
106 pp., 8 pls.
B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of
Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192 pp., 25 pls.
WS 77. Water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar
Lindgren. 1903. 62 pp., 4 pls.
WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho
and southeastern Oregon, by I. C. Russell. 1903. 52 pp., 2 pls.
PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of
Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian, by N. H.
Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pls.
WS 90. Geology and water resources of a part of the lower James
River Valley, South Dakota, by J. E. Todd and C. M. Hall.
1904.--pp., 23 pls.
The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of
Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth
Annual, Pt. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of
the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water
resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II;
Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, in Eighteenth
Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring and irrigation in
eastern South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV;
Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV;
Artesian well prospects in Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H.
Darton, Bulletin No. 138.
SERIES P--HYDROGRAPHIC PROGRESS REPORTS.
Progress reports may be found in the following publications: For
1888-89, Tenth Annual, Pt. II; for 1889-90, Eleventh Annual, Pt. II; for
1890-91, Twelfth Annual, Pt. II; for 1891-92, Thirteenth Annual, Pt.
III; for 1893-94, Bulletin No. 131; for 1895, Bulletin No. 140; for
1896, Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 11; for 1897, Nineteenth Annual, Pt.
IV, WS 15, 16; for 1898, Twentieth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 27, 28; for 1899,
Twenty-first Annual, Pt. IV, WS 35-39; for 1900, Twenty-second Annual,
Pt. IV, WS 47-52; for 1901, WS 65, 66, 76; for 1902, WS 82-85.
Correspondence should be addressed to
THE DIRECTOR,
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Passaic Flood of 1903, by Marshall Ora Leighton