CONCLUSIONS
A General review of the subjects discussed in the foregoing chapters
brings home to us several results of some interest. Perhaps the
most obvious of these is the incalculable debt which Botany owes to
Medicine. An overwhelming majority of the herbalists were physicians,
who were led to the study of botany on account of its connection with
the arts of healing. As we have already pointed out, medicine gave the
original impulse, not only to Systematic Botany, but also to the study
of the Anatomy of Plants.
However, as the evolution of the herbal proceeded, we have shown that
botany rose from being a mere hand-maid of medicine to a position of
comparative independence. This is well exemplified in the history of
plant classification. When the early medical botanists attempted any
arrangement of their material, it was on a purely utilitarian basis;
the herbs were merely classified according to the qualities which made
them of value to man. But as the science grew, the need of a more
systematic classification began to make itself felt, and in some of the
works published in the latter half of the period we are considering,
there is a distinct, if only partially successful, attempt to group the
plants according to the affinities which they present when considered
in themselves, and not in relation to man. The ideal of a natural
system in the Vegetable Kingdom, in which each plant should find its
inevitable place, must have been clear for instance to de l’Obel, when
he wrote in the ‘Adversaria,’ of “an order, than which nothing more
beautiful exists in the heavens, or in the mind of a wise man[44].”
Second only to the debt of botany to medicine is its debt to certain
branches of the fine arts, more especially wood-engraving. The
draughtsman and engraver not only disseminated the knowledge of plants,
but their work must often have revealed to the botanist features which
had escaped his less highly educated and subtle eye.
As we have already pointed out, the art of plant description lagged
conspicuously behind that of plant illustration. The vague and crude,
but often picturesque, accounts, given by the early herbalists of the
plants which they observed, contrast curiously with the technically
accurate, but colourless and impersonal descriptions from the pens of
modern botanists.
The rapid rise of botany, in the two centuries which we have reviewed,
must have been greatly stimulated by the cosmopolitanism of the savants
of the renaissance. Periods of study at a succession of different
universities, and wide European travel, including visits to scientific
men of various countries, seem to have formed part of the recognised
equipment of the botanical student. Possibly the zeal for travel was
not altogether spontaneous, but was artificially stimulated by the
religious disturbances so common at the period of the Reformation and
later, which often drove into exile the adherents of the Reformed
Faith, among whom many botanists were numbered. This is exemplified in
the cases of William Turner, Charles de l’Écluse, and the Bauhins.
It is interesting to notice that, in the works of the best herbalists
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such for instance as Bock,
Turner, Dodoens and Gaspard Bauhin, we find, comparatively speaking,
little belief in any kind of superstition connected with plants,
such as the doctrine of signatures, or astrology. A number of books
dealing with such topics appeared during the period we have considered,
but their writers form a class apart, and must not be confused with
the herbalists proper, whose attitude was, on the whole, marked by
a healthy scepticism which was in advance of their time. It would,
naturally, be far from true to say that they were all quite free from
superstition, but, considering the intellectual atmosphere of the
period, their enlightenment was quite remarkable.
[Illustration: Text-fig. 112. Wood-cut from the title-page of the Grete
Herball, 1526. _Reduced._]
When we come to consider the origin of the herbal, we find that it is
impossible to assign any date for its beginning. In manuscript form,
herbals have existed from very early times, but, in the present book,
those prior to the invention of printing have been scarcely touched
upon. Our subject has been limited to the most active life-period of
the printed herbal, which may be reckoned as beginning in the last
quarter of the fifteenth century, with the ‘Book of Nature,’ the
‘Herbarium’ of Apuleius, and the Latin and German ‘Herbarius.’ When
this active period ended is less easily decided, but in some senses it
may fairly be taken as covering only the comparatively short space of
two hundred years. There are, of course, a very large number of later
herbals, belonging to the end of the seventeenth, the eighteenth, and
even the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but their importance in
the history of botany appears to the present writer to be relatively
small, and hence, in this volume, attention has been almost entirely
confined to works which appeared before 1670.
After this period, botany rapidly became more scientific; the discovery
of the function of the stamens, which was first announced in 1682,
marking a very definite step in advance. As time went on, the _herbal_,
with its characteristic mixture of medical and botanical lore, gave
way before the exclusively medical _pharmacopœia_ on the one hand,
and the exclusively botanical _flora_ on the other. As the use of
home-made remedies declined, and the chemist’s shop took the place of
the housewife’s herb-garden and still-room, the practical value of the
herbal diminished almost to vanishing point.
The best epoch in the history of the herbal, from the point of view
of book-illustration, is confined within much narrower limits than
the two centuries we have been considering. The suggestion has been
made, and seems thoroughly justified, that the finest period should
be reckoned as falling between 1530 and 1614, that is, between the
wood-cuts of Hans Weiditz in Brunfels’ ‘Herbarum vivæ eicones,’ and the
copper-plates of Crispian de Passe in the ‘Hortus Floridus.’ This good
period thus lasted less than one hundred years, and belongs chiefly to
the sixteenth century. From the artistic point of view, its zenith is
perhaps reached in the wood-engravings which illustrate Fuchs’ great
work, ‘De historia stirpium’ (1542), though, from a more strictly
scientific standpoint, the drawings by Camerarius and Gesner, which
appeared in 1586 and 1588, may be said to bear the palm.
[Illustration: Text-fig. 113. A Herbalist’s Garden and Store-room [Das
Kreüterbůch oder Herbarius. Printed by Heinrich Stayner, Augsburg,
1534].]
As far as the text is concerned, the culmination of the botanical works
of the period under consideration may be regarded as foreshadowed
in the ‘Stirpium Adversaria Nova’ of Pena and de l’Obel (1570-71)
and attained in the ‘Prodromos’ (1620) and the ‘Pinax’ (1623) of
Gaspard Bauhin. In the works of the latter author, classification,
nomenclature and description reach their high-water mark, though it is
to de l’Obel, and to his precursor, Bock, one of the “German Fathers of
Botany,” that we owe the first definite efforts after a natural system.
It is pleasant to remember that Jean Bauhin, to whom his younger
brother Gaspard probably owed his first botanical inspiration, was a
pupil of Leonhard Fuchs at Tübingen, so that the latter has a double
claim to be associated with the results of the “herbal period” at its
best. We began this book with a portrait of Leonhard Fuchs, and we may
well conclude with his name—that of the greatest and most typical of
sixteenth-century herbalists.
APPENDIX I
A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL HERBALS AND RELATED BOTANICAL
WORKS PUBLISHED BETWEEN +1470+ AND +1670+.
This list, which is intended for the botanist rather than the
bibliographer, is far from being exhaustive, especially as regards
works published in the seventeenth century. In most cases reference
is made to first editions only. Subsequent editions and translations,
though often numerous and important, are usually not cited unless
special mention has been made of them in the text. In cases where such
editions are quoted, their titles are placed beneath that of the first
edition (i.e. under the date of the first edition). Independent works
by the same author are, however, arranged chronologically, so that, in
this list, all the works of any given author are not placed together,
but must be looked for under their respective dates. These dates can
generally be ascertained by reference to the text. The author’s name,
or, in the case of anonymous works, the title most commonly used, is
printed in heavy type. All the works enumerated have been examined
personally by the author, except those of which the dates are marked
with an asterisk.
? 1470
+Bartholomæus Anglicus+ [Glanville, Bartholomew de]. Liber de
proprietatibus rerum. _Begins_: Incipit prohemium de proprietatibus
rerum fratris bartholomei anglici de ordine fratrum minorum. [? Cologne,
? 1470.] [_A general work containing one section dealing with plants._]
—— (_Another Edition_). Liber de proprietatibus rerum. [? Westminster,
? 1495.] [_A translation by Trevisa printed by Wynkyn de Worde._]
1475
+Konrad von Megenberg+ [Cůnrat]. _Begins_: Hye nach volget das půch
der natur.... Hanns Bämler. Augsburg, -75 [= 1475]. [_A general work
containing a section dealing with plants._]
1478
+Albertus Magnus+ [erroneously attributed to]. Liber aggregations seu
liber secretorum Alberti magni de virtutibus herbarum ... (_Colophon_:)
per Johannem de Annunciata de Augusta. 1478.
—— (_Another Edition_). De virtutibus herbarum. De virtutibus lapidum.
De virtutibus animalium et mirabilibus mundi. Thomas Laisne, Rouen.
[? 1500.]
—— (_Another Edition_). The boke of secretes of Albartus Magnus, of
the vertues of Herbes, stones and certaine beastes. Also a boke of the
same author, of the marvaylous thinges of the world.... London. Wyllyam
Copland. [? 1560.]
? 1484
+Apuleius Platonicus.+ _Begins_: Incipit Herbarium Apulei Platonici ad
Marcum Agrippam. [J. P. de Lignamine. Rome, ? 1484.]
1484
+The Latin Herbarius+ [referred to by various authors as Herbarius in
Latino, Aggregator de Simplicibus, Herbarius Moguntinus, Herbarius
Patavinus, etc.]. Herbarius Maguntiæ impressus. [Peter Schöffer.
Mainz.] 1484.
—— (_Another Edition_). _Begins_: Dye prologhe de oversetters uyt
den latyn in dyetsche. [Veldener, Kuilenborg.] 1484. [_A Flemish
translation._]
—— (_Another Edition_). _Begins_: Incipit Tractatus de virtutibus
herbarum. (_Colophon_:) Impressum Venetiis per Simonem Papiensem dictum
Bivilaquam.... 1499. [Sometimes called ‘Herbarius Arnoldi de nova villa
Avicenna.’]
1485
+The German Herbarius+ [referred to by various authors as the Herbarius
zu Teutsch, the German Ortus Sanitatis, the smaller Ortus, Johann
von Cube’s Herbal, etc.]. _Begins_: Offt und vil habe ich. [Peter
Schöffer.] Mencz, 1485.
—— (_Another Edition_). _Begins_: Offt und vil hab ich. [Sorg.]
Augspurg, 1485.
1491
+Ortus Sanitatis+ [+Hortus Sanitatis.+] _Prohemium begins_:
Omnipotentis eternique dei.... (_Colophon_:) Jacobus Meydenbach.
Moguntia, 1491.
—— (_Another Edition_). (_Colophon_:) Impressum Venetiis per
Bernardinum Benalium: Et Joannem de Cereto de Tridino alias Tacuinum.
1511.
—— (_Another Edition_). Ortus sanitatis translate de latin en francois.
Anthoine Vérard. Paris, n.d. [? 1501].
—— (_Another Edition_). Le jardin de sante translate de latin en
francoys nouvellement Imprimé a Paris. On les vend a Paris en la rue
sainct Jacques a lenseigne de la Rose blanche couronnee. (_Colophon_:)
Imprimé a Paris par Philippe le noir. [? 1539.]
? 1500
+Macer, Æmilius+ [Odo]. Macer floridus De viribus herbarum. [? Paris,
? 1500 circa.]
—— (_Another Edition_). Herbarum varias qui vis cognoscere vires Macer
adest: disce quo duce doct’ eris. (_Colophon_:) Impressus Parisius per
Magistrum Johannem Seurre. Pro Magistro Petro Bacquelier. 1506.
—— (_Another Edition_). Les fleurs du livre des vertus des herbes,
composé jadis en vers Latins par Macer Floride:... Le tout mis en
François par M. Lucas Tremblay, Parisien.... Rouen. Martin et Honoré
Mallard. 1588.
—— (_Another Edition_). De viribus herbarum ... secundum codices
manuscriptos ... recensuit ... Ludovicus Choulant.... Lipsiae, 1832.
1500
+Braunschweig, Hieronymus+ [Jerome of Brunswick]. Liber de arte
distillandi. de Simplicibus. Johannes Grüeninger. Strassburg, 1500.
—— (_Another Edition_). The vertuose boke of Distyllacyon of the waters
of all maner of Herbes ... Laurens Andrewe. London, 1427 [=1527].
1516
+Ruellius, Johannes+ [Ruel, Jean]. Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de
medicinali materia libri quinque.... Impressum est in ... Parrhisiorum
Gymnasio ... in officina Henrici Stephani. 1516.
1517
+Czerny, Johann+ [Johannes Niger de Praga]. Knieha lekarska kteraz
slowe herbarz (= Arzneibuch, welches heisst Herbarium) Hieronymus
Höltzel. Nürnberg, 1517*.
1525
+Herball.+ Here begynneth a newe mater, the whiche sheweth and treateth
of ye vertues and proprytes of herbes, the whiche is called an Herball.
Rycharde Banckes. London, 1525.
—— (_Another Edition_). Macers Herbal. Practysyd by Docter Lynacro.
Robert Wyer. n.d. [London, ? 1530.]
—— (_Another Edition_). A new Herball of Macer, Translated out of Laten
in to Englysshe. Robert Wyer. in saint Martyns paryshe ... besyde
Charynge Crosse. n.d. London. [? 1535.]
—— (_Another Edition_). A boke of the propreties of Herbes called
an herball, wherunto is added the tyme ye herbes, Floures and Sedes
shoulde be gathered ... by W. C.[45] Wyllyam Copland. n.d. London.
[1550.]
—— (_Another Edition_). A litle Herball of the properties of Herbes ...
wyth certayne Additions at the ende of the boke, declaring what Herbes
hath influence of certain Sterres.... Anthony Askham, Physycyon. Jhon
Kynge. London, 1550.
Before 1526
+Grand Herbier.+ Le grand Herbier en Francoys: contenant les qualites,
vertus et propriétés des herbes, arbres, gommes.... Pierre Sergent.
Paris, n.d.
—— (_Another Edition_). The grete herball whiche geveth parfyt knowlege
and understandyng of all maner of herbes and there gracyous vertues....
(_Colophon_:) Peter Treveris. London, 1526.
—— (_Another Edition_). The grete herball ... (_Colophon_:) Imprynted
at London ... by me Peter Treveris.... 1529.
1529
+Theophrastus.+ Theophrasti de historia, et causis plantarum, Libri
Quindecim. Theodoro Gaza interprete ... (_Colophon_:) Excussum Luteciæ,
in ædibus Christiani Wechel.... 1529.
1530
+Brunfelsius, Otho+ [Brunfels, Otto von]. Herbarum vivæ eicones...
Argentorati apud Joannem Schottum. 1530, 1531, 1536.
—— (_Another Edition_). Contrafayt Kreüterbůch ... zů Strasszburg bey
Hans Schotten. 1532, 1537.
1533
+Rhodion, D. Eucharius.+ Kreutterbůch ... Anfenglich von Doctor
Johan Cuba zusamen bracht, jetzt widerum new Corrigirt ... Mit warer
Abconterfeitung aller Kreuter. Zu Franckfurt am Meyn, Bei Christian
Egenolph. 1533. [_A large number of editions of this work appeared,
edited by Dorstenius, Lonicer and others._]
1536
+Amatus Lusitanus+ [Castello Branco, J. R. de]. Index Dioscoridis ...
Excudebat Antverpiæ Vidua Martini Cæsaris. 1536.
+Ruellius, Johannes+ [Ruel, Jean]. De Natura stirpium libri tres.
Parisiis. 1536.
1538
+Turner, William.+ Libellus de re herbaria novus, in quo herbarum
aliquot nomina greca, latina, et Anglica habes, una cum nominibus
officinarum.... Londini apud Joannem Byddellum. 1538.
—— (_Another Edition_). Libellus de re herbaria novus ... reprinted
in facsimile, with notes, modern names, and a life of the author, by
Benjamin Daydon Jackson. London, 1877.
1539
+Tragus, Hieronymus+ [Bock, Hieronymus]. New Kreutterbuch von
underscheydt, würckung und namen der kreutter, ... gedruckt zu
Strassburg, durch Wendel Rihel. 1539*.
—— (_Another Edition_). Kreuter Bůch. Wendel Rihel. Strasburg, 1546.
—— (_Another Edition_). De stirpium, maxime earum, quæ in Germania
nostra nascuntur ... nunc in Latinam conversi, Interprete Davide Kybero
... (_Colophon_:) Argentorati Excudebat Wendelinus Rihelius ... 1552.
1542
+Fuchsius, Leonhardus+ [Fuchs, Leonhard]. De historia stirpium...
Basileæ, in officina Isingriniana.... 1542.
—— (_Another Edition_). New Kreüterbůch. Michael Isingrin. Basell, 1543.
——- (_Another Edition_). Leonharti Fuchsii medici, primi de stirpium
historia commentariorum tomi vivæ imagines, in exiguam ... formam
contractæ.... Isingrin. Basileæ, 1545.
+Gesnerus, Conradus+ [Gesner, Konrad]. Catalogus plantarum Latinè,
graecè, Germanicè, et Gallicè.... Tiguri apud Christoph. Froschouerum,
1542.
1544
+Matthiolus, Petrus Andreas+ [Mattioli, Pierandrea]. Di Pedacio
Dioscoride Anazarbeo libri cinque della historia et materia medicinale
tradotta in lingua volgare italiana.... Venetia, per Nicolo de
Bascarina da Pavone di Brescia, 1544*.
—— Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de medica
materia.... Venetiis ... apud Vincentium Valgrisium. 1554.
—— (_Another Edition_). Commentarii in sex libros Pedacii Dioscoridis
Anazarbei de Medica materia, ... Venetiis, Ex Officina Valgrisiana.
1565.
1548
+Turner, William.+ The names of herbes in Greke, Latin, Englishe Duche
and Frenche wyth the commune names that Herbaries and Apotecaries use.
John Day and Wyllyam Setes. London, 1548.
—— (_Another Edition_). The Names of Herbes, A.D. 1548. Edited by James
Britten. London, 1881.
1551
+Turner, William.+ A new Herball. Steven Mierdman. London, 1551.
—— The seconde parte of Vuilliam Turners herball. Arnold Birckman.
Collen, 1562.
—— The first and seconde partes of the Herbal of William Turner ...
with the Third parte, lately gathered.... Arnold Birckman. Collen. 1568.
1553
+Amatus, Lusitanus+ [Castello Branco, J. R. de]. In Dioscoridis
Anazarbei de medica materia libros quinque enarrationes ... Venetiis,
1553. (_Colophon_:) apud Gualterum scotum.
+Bellonius, Petrus+ [Belon, Pierre]. De arboribus coniferis,
resiniferis, aliis quoque nonnullis sempiterna fronde virentibus, ...
Parisiis Apud Gulielmum Cavellat, ... 1553.
—— Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables,
trouvées en Grece, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie, et autres pays
estrades, ... (_Colophon_:) Imprimé à Paris par Benoist Prévost....
1553.
1554
+Dodonæus, Rembertus+ [Dodoens, Rembert]. Crǔ deboeck. (_Colophon_:)
Ghedruckt Tantwerpen by Jan vander Loe.... 1554.
—— (_Another Edition_). Histoire des plantes,... Nouvellement
traduite ... en François par Charles de Éscluse. Jean Loë. Anvers. 1557.
[_In the British Museum there is a copy of this book, annotated in
manuscript by Henry Lyte._]
—— (_Another Edition_). A Nievve Herball, or Historie of Plantes:...
nowe first translated out of French into English, by Henry Lyte
Esquyer. At London by me Gerard Dewes.... 1578.
1559
+Maranta, Bartholomæus.+ Methodi cognoscendorum simplicium libri tres.
Venetiis, Ex officina Erasmiana Vincentii. Valgrisii, 1559.
1561
+Cordus, Valerius.+ In hoc volumine continentur Valerii
Cordi ... Annotationes in Pedacii Dioscoridis ... de Medica materia ...
eiusdem Val. Cordi historiæ stirpium lib. IIII.... Omnia ... Conr.
Gesneri ... collecta, et præfationibus illustrata. (_Colophon_:)
Argentorati excudebat Josias Rihelius. 1561.
1565
+Mizaldus, Antonius+ [Mizauld, Antoine]. Alexikepus, seu auxiliaris
hortus, ... Lutetiæ, Apud Federicum Morellum.... 1565.
—— (_Another Edition_). Artztgarten. ... neuwlich verteutschet durch
Georgen Benisch von Bartfeld ... zu Basel bey Peter Perna. 1575.
1566
+Dodonæus, Rembertus+ [Dodoens, Rembert]. Frumentorum, leguminum,
palustrium et aquatilium herbarum ... historia. Antverpiæ, Ex officina
Christophori Plantini. 1566[46].
1568
+Dodonæus, Rembertus+ [Dodoens, Rembert]. Florum, et coronariarum
odoratarumque nonnullarum herbarum historia, Antverpiæ, Ex officina
Christophori Plantini. 1568.
1569
+Monardes, Nicolas+. Dos libros, el uno que trata de todas las cosas
que traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales ... Impressos en Sevilla en
casa de Hernando Diaz.... 1569.
—— Segunda parte del libro, de las cosas que se traen de nuestras
Indias Occidentales.... En Sevilla En casa Alonso Escrivano. 1571.
—— (_Another Edition_). Joyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde,
wherein is declared the rare and singuler vertues of diverse ...
Hearbes.... Englished by John Frampton. London, W. Norton, 1577.
1570
+Bombast von Hohenheim+ (Paracelsus). Ettliche Tractatus des
hocherfarnen unnd berümbtesten Philippi Theophrasti Paracelsi....
I. Von Natürlichen dingen. II. Beschreibung etilcher kreütter. III.
Von Metallen. IV. Von Mineralen. V. Von Edlen Gesteinen. Strassburg.
Christian Müllers Erben. 1570.
1570-1571
+Lobelius, Mathias+ [de l’Obel or de Lobel, Mathias] and +Pena, Petrus+
[Pena, Pierre]. Stirpium adversaria nova. Londini. 1570. (_Colophon_:)
Londini, 1571. ... excudebat prelum Thomæ Purfœtii.
—— (_Another Edition_). Nova stirpium adversaria, ... Antverpiæ Apud
Christophorum Plantinum. 1576. (_Colophon_:) Londini, excudebat prelum
Thomæ Purfœtii.
—— (_Another Edition_). Plantarum seu stirpium historia, ... Cui
annexum est Adversariorum volumen. Antverpiæ, Ex officina Christophori
Plantini. 1576.
—— (_Another Edition_). Kruydtbœck. T’Antwerpen. By Christoffel
Plantyn. 1581.
1571
+Matthiolus, Petrus Andreas+ [Mattioli, Pierandrea]. Compendium De
Plantis omnibus, ... de quibus scripsit suis in commentariis in
Dioscoridem editis.... Accessit præterea ad calcem Opusculum de
itinere, quo è Verona in Baldum montem Plantarum refertissimum itur ...
Francisco Calceolario ... Venetiis, In Officina Valgrisiana. 1571.
+Winckler, Nicolaus.+ Chronica herbarum, florum, seminum, ... Augustæ
Vindelicorum in officina Typographica Michaëlis Mangeri. 1571.
1574
+Dodonæus, Rembertus+ [Dodoens, Rembert]. Purgantium aliarumque eo
facientum, tum et Radicum, Convolvulorum ac deleteriarum herbarum
historiæ libri iiii. Antverpiæ, Ex officina Christophori Plantini, 1574.
1575
+Carrichter, Bartholomæus.+ Kreutterbůch ... Gedruckt zů Strassburg ...
bey Christian Müller. 1575.
1576
+Clusus, Carolus+ [l’Écluse or l’Escluse, Charles de]. Caroli Clusii
atrebat. Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum
Historia,... Antverpiæ, Ex officina Christophori Plantini, ... 1576.
1578
+Thurneisserus, Leonhardus+ [Thurneisser zum Thum, Leonhardt]. Historia
sive descriptio plantarum.... (_Colophon_:) Berlini Excudebat Michael
Hentzske. 1578.
—— (_Another Edition_). Historia unnd Beschreibung Influentischer,
Elementischer und Natürlicher Wirckungen, Aller fremden unnd Heimischen
Erdgewechssen.... (Colophon:) Gedruckt zu Berlin, bey Michael
Hentzsken. 1578.
—— (_Another Edition_). Historia sive descriptio plantarum.... Coloniæ
Agrippinæ, apud Joannem Gymnicum,... 1587.
1580
+Dodonæus, Rembertus+ [Dodoens, Rembert]. Historia vitis vinique: et
stirpium nonnullarum aliarum. Coloniæ Apud Maternum Cholinum. 1580.
1581
+Lobelius, Mathias+ [de l’Obel or de Lobel, Mathias]. Plantarum seu
stirpium icones. Antverpiæ, Ex officina Christophori Plantini. 1581.
[_The figures of Clusus, Lobelius and Dodonæus arranged according to
the scheme of Lobelius._]
1582-1583
+Rauwolff, Leonhard.+ Leonharti Rauwolfen,... Aigentliche beschreibung
der Raiss, so er vor diser zeit gegen Auffgang inn die Morgenländer,...
(_Colophon_:) Getruckt zů Laugingen, durch Leonhart Reinmichel. 1582,
1583. [_This is a book of travel, but the fourth part, which has a
separate title-page, dated 1583, contains a number of wood-cuts of
foreign plants._]
1583
+Cæsalpinus, Andreas+ [Cesalpino, Andrea]. De plantis libri xvi....
Florentiæ, Apud Georgium Marescottum. 1583.
+Clusius, Carolus+ [l’Écluse or l’Escluse, Charles de]. Car. Clusii
atrebatis Rariorum aliquot Stirpium, per Pannoniam, Austriam, et
vicinas ... Historia ... Antverpiæ, Ex officina Christophori Plantini.
1583.
+Dodonæus, Rembertus+ [Dodoens, Rembert]. Stirpium historiæ pemptades
sex sive libri XXX. Antverpiæ, Ex officina Christophori Plantini. 1583.
1584
+Linocier, Geofroy+. L’histoire des plantes, traduicte de latin en
françois: ... à Paris, Chez Charles Macé.... 1584.
1585
+Durante, Castor+. Herbario Nuovo.... Roma, Per Iacomo Bericchia, e
Iacomo Turnierii, 1585.
1586
+Matthiolus, Petrus Andreas+ [Mattioli, Pierandrea]. De plantis
Epitome utilissima ... aucta et locupletata, à D. Joachimo Camerario,
... accessit, ... liber singularis de itinere ... in Baldum montem ...
auctore Francisco Calceolario Francofurti ad Moenum. 1586.
1586-1587
+Dalechampius, Jacobus+ [d’Aléchamps or Daléchamps, Jacques]. Historia
generalis plantarum,... Lugduni, apud Gulielmum Rovillium. 1586, 1587.
1588
+Camerarius, Joachim.+ Hortus medicus et philosophicus: ... Francofurti
ad Mœnum. 1588.
—— Icones accurate ... delineatæ præcipuarum stirpium,
quarum descriptiones tam in Horto.... Impressum Francofurti ad
Mœnum. 1588. [_These figures are generally bound up with the ‘Hortus
medicus.’_]
+Porta, Johannes Baptista+ [Porta, Giambattista]. Phytognomonica....
Neapoli, Apud Horatium Saluianum. 1588.
1588-1591
+Theodorus, Jacobus+ [Theodor, Jacob, or Tabernæmontanus, Jacobus
Theodorus]. Neuw Kreuterbuch, ... [Nicolaus Bassæus] Franckfurt am
Mayn. 1588, 1591.
—— (_Another Edition_). Eicones plantarum seu stirpium. Nicolaus
Bassæus, Francofurti ad Moenum, 1590. [_This edition contains the
figures only._]
—— (_Another Edition_). Neuw vollkommentlich Kreuterbuch,... gemehret,
Durch Casparum Bauhinum.... Franckfurt am Mayn, Durch Nicolaum Hoffman,
In verlegung Johannis Bassæi und Johann Dreutels. 1613.
1590
+Matthiolus, Petrus Andreas+ [Mattioli, Pierandrea]. Kreuterbuch ...
gemehrt und gefertigt durch Joachimum Camerarium, ... Frankfurt a/M.,
gedruckt bei Johann Feyerabend. 1590*.
—— (_Another Edition_). Kreutterbuch ... gemehret, unnd verfertigt,
Durch Joachimum Camerarium ... Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn. 1600.
1592
+Alpinus, Prosper+ [Alpino, Prospero]. De plantis Ægypti.... Venetiis
... Apud Franciscum de Franciscis Senensem. 1592.
+Columna, Fabius+ [Colonna, Fabio]. ΦΥΤΟΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ sive plantarum aliquot
historia ... Ex Officina Horatii Saluiani. Neapoli, 1592. Apud Io.
Jacobum Carlinum, et Antonium Pacem.
+Zaluzian, Adam Zaluziansky von.+ Methodi herbariæ, libri tres. Pragæ,
in officina Georgii Dacziceni. 1592.
1596
+Bauhinus, Caspar+ [Bauhin, Gaspard]. ΦΥΤΟΠΙΝΑΞ seu enumeratio
plantarum.... Basileæ, per Sebastianum Henricpetri. 1596.
1597
+Gerard, John+ [Gerarde, John]. The Herball or Generall Historie of
Plantes.... Imprinted at London by John Norton. 1597.
—— (_Another Edition_). The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes....
Very much Enlarged and Amended by Thomas Johnson Citizen and
Apothecarye of London. London, Printed by Adam Islip, Joice Norton and
Richard Whitakers. 1633. [_Reprinted 1636._]
1601
+Bauhinus, Caspar+ [Bauhin, Gaspard]. Animadversiones in historiam
generalem plantarum Lugduni editam.... Francoforti, Excudebat Melchior
Hartmann, Impensis Nicolai Bassæi ... 1601.
+Clusius, Carolus+ [l’Écluse or l’Escluse, Charles de]. Caroli Clusii
atrebatis, ... rariorum plantarum historia.... Antverpiæ Ex officina
Plantiniana Apud Joannem Moretum. 1601.
1606
+Columna, Fabius+ [Colonna, Fabio]. Minus cognitarum stirpium aliquot,
ΕΚΦΡΑΣΙϹ.... Romæ. Apud Guilielmum Facciottum. 1606.
Pars altera. Romæ. Apud Jacobum Mascardum. 1616.
+Spigelius, Adrianus.+ Isagoges in rem herbariam Libri Duo.... Patavii,
Apud Paulum Meiettum. Ex Typographia Laurentii Pasquati. 1606.
1609
+Durante, Castor.+ Hortulus Sanitatis, Das ist, Ein ... Gährtlin der
Gesundtheit ... in unsere hoch Teutsche Sprach versetzt, Durch Petrum
Uffenbachium, ... Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mäyn, durch Nicolaum
Hoffmann.... 1609.
1611
+Renealmus, Paulus+ [Reneaulme, Paul]. Specimen Historiæ Plantarum.
Parisiis, Apud Hadrianum Beys ... 1611.
1613
+Beslerus, Basilius+ [Besler, Basil]. Hortus Eystettensis ...
[Eichstadt]. 1613.
1614
+Passæus, Crispian+ [Passe, Crispin de or Crispian de]. Hortus floridus
... Extant Arnhemii Apud Ioannem Ianssonium ... 1614.
—— (_Another Edition_). A Garden of Flowers.... Printed at Utrecht By
Salomon de Roy. 1615.
1616
+Olorinus, Johannes+ [Sommer, Johann, aus Zwickau]. Centuria Herbarum
Mirabilium Das ist: Hundert Wunderkräuter.... Magdeburgk, Bey Levin
Braunss.... 1616.
—— Centuria Arborum Mirabilium Das ist: Hundert Wunderbäume....
Magdeburgk, Bey Levin Braunss.... 1616.
1619
+Bauhinus, Joannes+ [Bauhin, Jean] and +Cherlerus, J. H.+ [Cherler,
J. H.]. J. B. ... et J. H. C. ... historiæ plantarum generalis ...
prodromus.... Ebroduni, Ex Typographia Societatis Caldorianæ. 1619.
—— (_Another Edition_). Historia plantarum universalis ... Quam
recensuit et auxit ... Chabræus ... publici fecit, Fr. Lud. a
Graffenried.... Ebroduni, 1650, 51.
1620
+Bauhinus, Caspar+ [Bauhin, Gaspard]. ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ Theatri botanici....
Francofurti ad Mœnum, Typis Pauli Jacobi, impensis Joannis Treudelii.
1620.
1623
+Bauhinus, Caspar+ [Bauhin, Gaspard]. ΠΙΝΑΞ theatri botanici....
Basileæ Helvet. Sumptibus et typis Ludovici Regis. 1623.
1625
+Popp, Johann+ [Poppe, Johann]. Kräuter Buch ... nach rechter art der
Signaturen der himlischen Einfliessung nicht allein beschrieben, ...
Leipzig, In Verlegung Zachariæ Schürers, und Matthiæ Götzen ... 1625.
1628
+Brosse, Guy de la.+ De la nature, vertu, et utilité des plantes.... A
Paris, Chez Rollin Baragnes ... 1628.
1629
+Johnson, Thomas.+ Descriptio itineris plantarum investigationis ... in
agrum Cantianum.... (London, 1629.)*
—— (_Another Edition_). Descriptio Itineris Plantarum ... in Agrum
Cantianum ... et Enumeratio Plantarum in Ericeto Hampstediano locisque
vicinis Crescentium.... Excudebat, Tho. Cotes. [London] 1632.
+Parkinson, John.+ Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris. A Garden of
all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permitt to
be noursed up:... (_Colophon_:) London, Printed by Humfrey Lownes and
Robert Young at the signe of the Starre on Bread-street hill. 1629.
—— (_Another Edition_). Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris...
Faithfully Reprinted from the Edition of 1629. Methuen & Co. London,
1904.
1631
+Donati, Antonio.+ Trattato de semplici, ... in Venetia, ... Appresso
Pietro Maria Bertano. 1631.
1634
+Johnson, Thomas.+ Mercurius Botanicus: ... Londini, Excudebat Thom.
Cotes. 1634.
1640
+Parkinson, John.+ Theatrum botanicum: The Theater of Plants. Or, an
Herball of a Large Extent.... London, Printed by Tho. Cotes. 1640.
1649
+Culpeper, Nicholas.+ A Physicall Directory or A translation of the
London Dispensatory Made by the Colledge of Physicians in London ...
with many hundred additions.... London, Printed for Peter Cole ... 1649.
—— (_Another Edition_). The English Physitian enlarged.... London,
Printed by Peter Cole ... 1653.
1650
+How, William.+ Phytologia Britannica, natales exhibens Indigenarum
Stirpium sponte Emergentium. Londoni, Typis Ric. Cotes, Impensis,
Octaviani Pulleyn. 1650.
1656
+Bombast von Hohenheim+ [Paracelsus]. Paracelsus his Dispensatory and
Chirurgery.... Faithfully Englished, by W. D., London: Printed by T. M.
for Philip Chetwind.... 1656.
+Cole, William+ [Coles, William]. The Art of Simpling. London, Printed
by J. G. for Nath: Brook. 1656.
1657
+Cole, William+ [Coles, William]. Adam in Eden: or, Natures
Paradise.... London, Printed by J. Streater, for Nathaniel Brooke....
1657.
1658
+Bauhinus, Caspar+ [Bauhin, Gaspard]. Caspari Bauhini ... Theatri
botanici sive historiæ plantarum ... liber primus editus opera et cura
Io. Casp. Bauhini. Basileæ. Apud Joannem König. 1658.
1659
+Lovell, Robert.+ ΠΑΜΒΟΤΑΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ, sive Enchiridion botanicum, or
a compleat Herball.... Oxford, Printed by William Hall, for Ric.
Davis.... 1659.
1662
+Jonstonus, Johannes+ [Jonston or Johnstone, John]. Dendrographias
Sive Historiæ Naturalis de Arboribus et Fruticibus ... libri decem....
Francofurti ad Moenum. Typis Hieronymi Polichii. Sumptibus Hæredum
Matthæi Meriani. 1662.
1664
+Turner, Robert+. ΒΟΤΑΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ. The Brittish Physician: or, The Nature
and Vertues of English Plants. London, Printed by R. Wood for Nath.
Brook. 1664.
1666
+Chabræus, Dominicus.+ Stirpium icones et sciagraphia.... Genevæ, Typis
Phil. Gamoneti et Iac. de la Pierre. 1666.
1667
+Aldrovandus, Ulysses+ [Aldrovandi, Ulisse]. Ulyssis Aldrovandi ...
Dendrologiæ naturalis scilicet arborum historiæ libri duo.... Bononiæ
typis Jo. Baptistae Ferronii. 1667.
1670
+Nylandt, Petrus.+ De Nederlandtse Herbarius of Kruydt-Boeck, ...
t’Amsterdam, voor Marcus Doornick, ... 1670.
APPENDIX II
A LIST, IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER, OF THE PRINCIPAL CRITICAL AND
HISTORICAL WORKS DEALING WITH THE SUBJECTS DISCUSSED IN THIS BOOK.
Albertus Magnus. See Fellner, S.; Meyer, E. and Jessen, C.; Pouchet, F.
A.
Alcock, Randal H. Botanical Names for English Readers. London, 1876.
Amherst, the Hon. Alicia [The Hon. Mrs Evelyn Cecil]. Bibliography of
Works on Gardening. Reprinted from the Second Edition of ‘A History of
Gardening in England.’ London, 1897.
Apuleius Platonicus. See Cockayne, O.; Payne, J. F. (1903).
Arber, A. See Robertson, A.
Avoine, P. J. d’. See Morren, C.
Bauhin, Gaspard. See Hess, J. W.
Blades, W. The Plantin Museum. Macmillan’s Magazine. Vol. 38, p. 282.
London and New York, 1878.
Breitkopf, J. G. I. Versuch den Ursprung der Spielkarten,... und den
Anfang der Holzschneidekunst in Europa zu erforschen. Vol. II. Leipzig,
1801.
Britten, James. The Names of Herbes, by William Turner, A.D. 1548.
Edited by James Britten. London, 1881.
Busbecq, A.-G. See Kickx, J.
Camerarius, J. See Irmisch, T. H.
Camus, Giulio. L’Opera Salernitana ‘Circa Instans’ ed il testo
primitivo del ‘Grant Herbier en Francoys.’ Memorie della Regia
Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in Modena. Ser. II. Vol. IV. Mem.
della Sezione di Lettere, p. 49. 1886.
Choulant, Ludwig. Botanische und anatomische Abbildungen des
Mittelalters. Archiv für die zeichnenden] Künste. Jahrg. III. p. 188.
Leipzig, 1857.
Choulant, Ludwig. Handbuch der Bücherkunde für die aeltere Medicin.
Leipzig, 1828.
Choulant, Ludwig. Macer Floridus de viribus herbarum ... secundum codices
manuscriptos ... recensuit ... Ludovicus Choulant.... Lipsiae, 1832.
Clusius, Carolus. See Istvánffi, Gy. de; Legré, Ludovic; Roze, E.;
Morren, E.
Cockayne, O. Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England.
Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the
Middle Ages. Rolls Series, Vol. I. 1864. [_Translation of Herbarium of
Apuleius Platonicus._]
Colvin, Sir Sidney. Early Engraving and Engravers in England
[1545-1695]. London, 1905.
Conrad von Megenberg. See Pfeiffer, Fr.
Copinger, W. A. Supplement to Hain’s Repertorium Bibliographicum.
London, 1895, 1898, 1902.
Cordus, V. See Irmisch, T. H.
Czerny, J. See Maiwald, V.
Daubeny, Charles. Lectures on Roman Husbandry. Oxford, 1857.
Degeorge, Léon. La Maison Plantin à Anvers. Deuxième édition.
Bruxelles, 1878.
Dioscorides. Codex Aniciæ Julianæ picturis illustratus, nunc
Vindobonensis Med. Gr. I. phototypice editus. Moderante Josepho de
Karabacek. Lugduni Batavorum, 1906.
Dodoens, Rembert. See Dodonæus, Rembertus.
Dodonæus, Rembertus. See Meerbeck, P. J. van; Morren, C. and d’Avoine,
P. J.
Duff, E. Gordon. Early Printed Books. [Books about Books, edited by A.
W. Pollard.] London, 1893.
Fellner, Stephan. Albertus Magnus als Botaniker. Jahres-Ber. des kais.
kön. Ober-Gymnasiums zu den Schotten in Wien. Wien, 1881.
Gerard, J. See Jackson, B. D.
Gesner, Konrad. See Jardine, Sir W.; Simler, Josias; Trew, C. J.
Giacosa, Piero. Magistri Salernitani nondum editi. Catalogo ragionato
della esposizione di storia della medicina aperta in Torino nel 1898.
Torino, 1901. [_In 2 parts, text and atlas._]
Green, E. L. Landmarks of Botanical History. A study of Certain Epochs
in the Development of the science of Botany. Pt. I. Prior to 1562 A.D.
Smithsonian Misc. Coll. No. 1870. Pt. of Vol. 54, Washington, 1909.
Hain, Ludwig. Repertorium Bibliographicum. Stuttgart, Tübingen and
Paris, 1826, 1827, 1831, 1838.
Haller, Albertus von [Haller, Albrecht von]. Bibliotheca botanica.
Tiguri, 1771, 1772.
Hartmann, Franz. The Life of Philippus Theophrastus Bombast of
Hohenheim known by the name of Paracelsus. 2nd ed. London, 1896.
Hatton, Richard G. The Craftsman’s Plant-Book. London, 1909.
Henslow, G. Medical Works of the Fourteenth Century together with
a List of Plants Recorded in Contemporary Writings, with their
Identifications. London, 1899.
Hess, J. W. Kaspar Bauhin’s, ... Leben und Charakter. Basel, 1860.
Irmisch, T. H. Ueber einige Botaniker des 16. Jahrhunderts.
Öff. Prüfung des f. Schwartzburg. Gymnasiums zu Sondershausen.
Sondershausen, 1862. [_This memoir includes an account of Valerius
Cordus and Joachim Camerarius the younger._]
Istvánffi, Gy. de. Caroli Clusii Atrebatis Icones Fungorum in Pannonis
Observatorum sive Codex Clusii Lugduno Batavensis ... cura et sumptibus
Dr^{is} Gy. de Istvánffi. Budapestini, 1898-1900. [_The part issued in
1900 includes a biography._]
Jackson, B. Daydon. A Catalogue of Plants cultivated in the Garden
of John Gerard, in the years 1596-1599. Edited ... by B. D. Jackson.
London, 1876. [_This work includes a life of Gerard._]
Jackson, B. Daydon. Guide to the Literature of Botany. London, 1881.
Jackson, B. Daydon. Libellus de re herbaria novus, by William Turner,
originally published in 1538, reprinted in facsimile, with notes,
modern names, and a life of the author by B. D. J. London, 1877.
Jackson, B. Daydon. The History of Botanic Illustration. Trans.
Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. XII. p. 145, 1906 (for 1903-1905).
Jackson, J., and Chatto, W. A. A treatise on Wood Engraving, 2nd ed.
London, 1861.
Jardine, Sir W. The Naturalist’s Library. Edited by Sir William
Jardine. Vol. XII. Memoir of Gesner. Edinburgh, 1843.
Kickx, J. Esquisses sur les ouvrages de quelques anciens naturalistes
belges. Bull, de l’acad. royale des sciences et belles-lettres de
Bruxelles. Vol. V. p. 202, 1838. [_This memoir deals with Auger-Gislain
Busbecq._]
Killermann, Seb. Zur ersten Einführung amerikanischer Pflanzen im 16.
Jahrhundert. Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift. Neue Folge, Bd.
VIII. p. 193, 1909.
Killermann, Seb. A. Dürers Pflanzen- und Tierzeichnungen und
ihre Bedeutung für die Naturgeschichte. Studien zur deutschen
Kunstgeschichte. 119. Heft. Strassburg, 1910.
Konrad von Megenberg. See Pfeiffer, Fr.
l’Écluse or l’Escluse, Charles de. See Clusius, Carolus.
Legré, Ludovic. La Botanique en Provence au XVI^e siècle. Pierre Pena
et Mathias de Lobel. Marseille, 1899. Louis Anguillara, Pierre Belon,
Charles de l’Escluse, Antoine Constantin. Marseille, 1901.
L’Obel or Lobel, Mathias de. See Lobelius, Mathias.
Lobelius, Mathias. See Morren, E.
Macer Floridus. See Choulant, Ludwig.
Macfarlane, John. Antoine Vérard. Bibliographical Society. Illustrated
Monographs, No. 7. London, 1900 [for 1899].
Maiwald, V. Geschichte der Botanik in Böhmen. Wien und Leipzig, 1904.
[_This book contains an account of the work of Czerny and Zaluziansky._]
Meerbeeck, P. J. van. Recherches historiques et critiques sur la vie et
les ouvrages de Rembert Dodoens (Dodonæus). Malines, 1841.
Meyer, E. H. F. Geschichte der Botanik. Königsberg, 1854-1857. [_The
standard work on the history of botany to the end of the 16th century._]
Meyer, E. H. F., and Jessen, C. Alberti Magni ex ordine prædicatorum
de vegetabilibus libri VII, ... editionem criticam ab Ernesto Meyero
coeptam absolvit Carolus Jessen. Berolini, 1867.
Morren, E. Charles de l’Escluse, sa vie et ses œuvres, 1526-1609.
Liége, 1875. [_There are some original notes in a review of this work
by B. D. Jackson, Journal of Botany, Vol._ XIII. (_New Series, Vol._
IV.) 1875, _p._ 345.]
Morren, E. Matthias de l’Obel, sa vie et ses œuvres, 1538-1616. Extrait
du Bull. de la Féd. des Soc. d’hort. de Belgique. Liége, 1875.
Morren, C., et d’Avoine, P. J. Éloge de Rembert Dodoens, ... suivi de
la Concordance des espèces végétales décrites et figurées par Rembert
Dodoens avec les noms que Linné et les auteurs modernes leur ont
donnés. Malines, 1850.
Muther, Richard. Die deutsche Bücherillustration der Gothik und
Frührenaissance (1460-1530). München und Leipzig, 1884.
Netter, William. See Peters, Hermann.
Paracelsus. See Hartmann, Franz; Strunz, Franz; Weber, F. P.
Payne, J. F. English Herbals. Trans. Bibl. Soc. Vol. IX. p. 120, 1908
(for 1906-1908) [_summary of a paper_].
Payne, J. F. English Herbals. Trans. Bibl. Soc. Vol. XI. p. 299, 1912
(for 1910-1911). [_This article is a reprint of the earlier paper of
the same title, with figures._]
Payne, J. F. Old Herbals: German and Italian. The Magazine of Art. Vol.
VIII. p. 362, 1885.
Payne, J. F. On the ‘Herbarius’ and ‘Hortus Sanitatis.’ Trans. Bibl.
Soc. Vol. VI. p. 63, 1903 (for 1900-1902).
Peters, Hermann. Pictorial History of Ancient Pharmacy ... Translated
by Dr William Netter. Chicago, 1889.
Pfeiffer, Franz. Das Buch der Natur von Konrad von
Megenberg ... herausgegeben von Dr Franz Pfeiffer. Stuttgart, 1861.
Pitton Tournefort, Josephus. Institutiones rei herbariæ. Ed. altera.
Tomus primus. Parisiis, 1700. [_Pp. 1-75 of this work are concerned
with the history of botany._]
Plantin, C. See Blades, W.; Degeorge, L.; Rooses, M.
Pouchet, F. A. Histoire des sciences naturelles au moyen âge ou Albert
le Grand et son époque, considérés comme point de départ de l’école
expérimentale. Paris, 1853.
Pritzel, G. A. Thesaurus literaturæ botanicæ ... editionem novam
reformatam.... Lipsiae, 1872.
Pulteney, Richard. Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress
of Botany in England, from its Origin to the Introduction of the
Linnean System. London, 1790.
Robertson, A. [Arber, A.]. English Herbals. Popular Science Monthly.
Vol. LXV. p. 65, 1904.
Rooses, Max. Christophe Plantin imprimeur anversois. [2nd ed.] Anvers,
1890.
Roth, F. W. E. Jacob Theodor aus Bergzabern, genannt Tabernæmontanus.
Botanische Zeitung. Jahrg. 57, Abth I. p. 105, 1899.
Roze, Ernest. Charles de l’Escluse d’Arras le propagateur de la pomme
de terre au xvi^e siècle. Sa biographie et sa correspondance. Paris,
1899.
Sachs, Julius von. History of Botany [1530-1860]. Transl. by H. E. F.
Garnsey. Oxford, 1890.
Schelenz, Hermann. Geschichte der Pharmazie. Berlin, 1904.
Simler, Josias. Vita ... Conradi Gesneri ... Tiguri excudebat
Froschouerus. 1566.
Sprengel, K. P. J. Geschichte der Botanik. Altenburg und Leipzig. 1817,
18.
Sprengel, K. P. J. Theophrast’s Naturgeschichte der Gewächse.
Uebersetzt und erläutert von K. Sprengel. Altona, 1822.
Strunz, Franz. Theophrastus Paracelsus. Das Buch Paragranum.
Herausgegeben und eingeleitet von D. phil. Franz Strunz. Leipzig, 1903.
Tabernæmontanus, Jacobus Theodorus. See Theodor, Jacob.
Theodor, Jacob. See Roth, F. W. E.
Theophrastus. See Sprengel, K. P. J.
Treviranus, L. C. Die Anwendung des Holzschnittes zur bildlichen
Darstellung von Pflanzen. Leipzig, 1855.
Trew, C. J. Librorum botanicorum catalogi duo.... Norimbergæ Stanno
Fleischmanniano. 1752.
Trew, C. J. Opera botanica per duo saecula desiderata ... ex
bibliotheca D. Christophori Jacobi Trew. Norimbergæ impensis Jo. Mich.
Seligmanni. Typis Jo. Josephi Fleischmanni, 1751.
Turner, William. See Britten, James; Jackson, B. D.
Vérard, A. See Macfarlane, J.
Weber, F. P. A Portrait Medal of Paracelsus on his Death in 1541.
Reprinted from the Numismatic Chronicle. Vol. XIII. 3rd ser., pp.
60-71. London, 1893.
Winckler, Emil. Geschichte der Botanik. Frankfurt a. M. 1854.
Wootton, A. C. Chronicles of Pharmacy. London, 1910.
Zaluziansky, A. See Maiwald, V.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The dates refer, in each case, to the particular edition from which
the figures have been copied, which is not always the first. For fuller
titles and dates of first editions, see Appendix I.
[2] ῥιζοτόμοι = root-diggers.
[3] φαρμακοπῶλαι = drug-sellers.
[4] Lucian, ‘Dialogues of the Gods,’ XIII.
[5] Translated from the second (Augsburg) edition of 1485.
[6] Garden of health.
[7] “The individual herbs of the earth, called simples.”
[8] The expression in the French original is, “homme ne femme ne pourra
nuire en ceste maison.”
[9] Various dates are given by different authors for the first edition
of the ‘Dispensatorium,’ but 1546 seems to be the best attested. I have
not seen any edition prior to 1598.
[10] The name _Kammermeister_ or _Camerarius_ was adopted by Joachim
Camerarius the elder, in place of the family name of _Liebhard_.
[11] There has been some uncertainty about this date, but Meerbeck (see
Appendix II) seems to have proved that 1517 is correct.
[12] The fullest and most correct form of his name is probably
“Jules-Charles de l’Escluse.”
[13] University Library, Leyden, Department of Manuscripts, Codex No.
303.
[14] According to Legré, the word “Adversaria” is equivalent to
“livre-journal,” i.e. day-book in the commercial sense.
[15] “quem ego emptum cupivissem, sed me deterruit pretium: nam centum
ducatis indicabatur, summa cæsarei non mei marsupii. Ego instare
non desinam donec cæsarem impulero ut tam præclarum autorem ex illâ
servitute redimat.” _Epist._ IV. p. 392. [Quoted by Kickx, _Bull. Acad.
roy. Bruxelles_, Vol. v. p. 202, 1838.]
[16] ‘Ekphrasis,’ 1616, pp. 245 etc.
[17] πίναξ = a chart or register.
[18] The n is inverted in the original, no doubt a misprint.
[19] The spelling “Gerarde” on the title-page of ‘The Herball’ is
believed to be an error. See ‘A Catalogue of Plants cultivated in the
garden of John Gerard,’ edited by B. D. Jackson, London, 1876.
[20] Orkney Islands.
[21] p. xlv.
[22] Hector Boethius, ‘Heir beginnis the hystory and croniklis of
Scotland.... Translatit laitly in our vulgar and commoun langage, be
maister Johne Bellenden.... And Imprentit in Edinburgh, be me Thomas
Davidson’ [1536] (Cap. XIV. of the ‘Cosmographie’).
[23] ‘Turner on Birds: ... first published by Doctor William Turner,
1544.’ Edited by A. H. Evans, Cambridge, p. 27, 1903. [The original
passage will be found in Avium præcipuarum.... Per Dn. Guilielmum
Turnerum, ... Coloniæ excudebat Ioan. Gymnicus, 1544.]
[24] Quoted from Dr O. Cockayne’s translation of an Anglo-Saxon
manuscript of the eleventh century. See Appendix II.
[25] The descriptions here quoted are from the edition of 1529.
[26] The expression “yelowe flowre” is an indication of the Continental
origin of the Grete Herball. The plant intended is obviously not our
British _Oxalis acetosella_ L.; it may possibly be _O. corniculata_ L.
[27] _Hypericum androsæmum_ L.
[28] Stamen = warp or thread.
[29] ‘Minus cognitarum stirpium ... ΕΚΦΡΑΣΙϹ.’ 1616. Pars altera,
Cap. XXVII. p. 62 “tam in hac, quam in aliis plantis, non enim ex
foliis, sed ex flore, seminisque, conceptaculo, et ipso potius semine,
plantarum affinitatem dijudicamus.”
[30] “plerisque nomen imposuimus, perspicuitatis gratia, cuius nomine
communiter nota aliqua quæ à quolibet in planta observari potest,
nomini addita.”
[31] “Transit etiam in arborem in quibusdam regionibus Ricinus, alibi
annua stirps.”
[32] “uti à D. Mathia Lobelio...singulæ videlicet congeneres ac sibi
mutuo affines, digestæ sunt.” Dedication to ‘Plantarum seu stirpium
icones,’ 1581.
[33] Codex Vossianus Latinus in Quarto No. 9.
[34] “wan die figuren nit anders synd dann ein ougenweid und ein an
zeigung geben ist die weder schriben noch lesen kündent.”
[35] Pierre Belon, Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses
mémorables.... Paris, 1553.
[36] “Ich wirdt Monarcha, unnd mein wird die Monarchey sein.”
Vorrede in dem Buch Paragranum. [Theophrastus Paracelsus, ‘Das Buch
Paragranum,’ Herausgegeben ... von Dr phil. Fr. Strunz, Leipzig, 1903.]
[37] The name of this botanist is spelt “Coles” on the title-pages of
his works, but the spelling “Cole” appears to be more correct.
[38] “Doctrina verò de signaturis stirpium, à nullo alicuius
æstimationis veterum testimonium accepit: deinde tam fluxa et incerta
est, ut pro scientia aut doctrina nullatenus habenda videatur.”
‘Pemptades,’ Book I. Cap. XI. 1583.
[39] ‘De la nature, vertu, et utilité des plantes,’ p. 278, 1628.
[40] Maclagan, T. J. ‘Influenza and Salicin,’ The Nineteenth Century,
Vol. XXXI. p. 337, 1892.
[41] See article on ‘Astrology,’ The Encyclopædia Britannica, eleventh
edn. Cambridge, 1910.
[42] The edition of 1587 was used in making this translation.
[43] Printed “hoth” in the edition of 1653 from which these quotations
are taken.
[44] “Sic enim ordine, quo nihil pulchrius in cœlo, aut in Sapientis
animo,...”
[45] The initials “W. C.” may refer either to William Copland or to
Walter Cary.
[46] E. H. F. Meyer (Geschichte der Botanik, Vol. 4, 1857, p. 344)
refers to an edition of this work published in 1565, but I have not
been able to verify this date.
INDEX
_Achillea_, 144
_Adam in Eden_ of Cole, 210
Adder’s-tongue Fern, 210, 211
“Adversaria,” Definition of the word, 78
Æmilius Macer, 40
Æsculapius, 7, 36
_Aggregator de Simplicibus_, see _Herbarius, The Latin_
Albartus Magnus, see Albertus Magnus
Albert, Bishop of Ratisbon, see Albertus Magnus
Albert of Bollstadt, see Albertus Magnus
Albertus Magnus, 3-5, 7, 116, 119, 120, 134-136
Albertus Magnus, Work erroneously attributed to, 5, 215
Aldrovandi, U., 198
Aléchamps, J. d’, 74, 93, +97-99+, 112, 143, 145, 151, 196
Alfred, King, 35
Algæ, 151
“Alleluya”, 45
_Aloe_, 146, 177
Alpino, Prospero, +88-90+, 196, 197
Alpinus, P., see Alpino, P.
Amatus Lusitanus, 9, 62
Amber, 30, 31
American plants, described by Monardes, 104-106
American plants, figured by Fuchs, 62
Anatomy of Plants, 7, 116, 221
Andrew, L., 45, 46
Andrewe, L., see Andrew, L.
_Anemone hepatica_, 146
Angiosperms, 151
_Annotationes ... Dioscoridis_ of Cordus, 66
Antony (Marcus Antonius), 8
Antwerp, Printing at, 70-72
Apollo, 36
Apothecaries’ Company, A botanical excursion of the, 113
Apuleius Platonicus, +11-12+
Apuleius Platonicus, The _Herbarium_ of, +11-15+, 16, 28, +35-37+,
155-157, 159, 204, 223
_Aquilegia_, 120
Arab physicians, 3
_Arbolayre_, 24
“_Arbor tristis_”, 85, 86
_Arboribus, De_ of Belon, 196
_Argemone_, 148
_Aristolochia_, 43
Aristotelian botany, 2-5, 116-118
Aristotle, +2-4+, 6, 19, 116, 119
Arnaldus, see Arnold de Nova Villa
Arnold de Nova Villa, 17, 18
_Art of Simpling, The_ of Cole, 211, 219
_Artemisia_ (Wormwood or Mugwort), 36, 43, 45, 57, 58, 219
_Arum_, 146, 157, 180
Askham, Anthony, 39
_Askham’s Herbal_, 39, 40
_Asparagus_, 175
Aspen, 5
_Astragalus tragacantha_, 144
Astrology, 214
Astrology, Botanical, 39, 212-220
Augsburg, Books printed at, 11, 14, 19, 157, 165
“_Auricula muris_”, 175
Avicenna, 21, 206, 207
Bämler, H., 11
Banckes, R., 38, 40
_Banckes’ Herbal_, +38-40+, 122
Barberry, 197
“Barnakle Tree”, 109-113
Bartholomæus Anglicus, 10, 11, 38, 158
Bartholomew de Glanville, see Bartholomæus Anglicus
Basilisk, 32
Basing House, Siege of, 113
Basle, Books printed at, 60, 110
Basle, University of, 90, 93, 94
Bassæus, N., 68
Batthyány, Baron Boldizsár de, 77, 78
Bauhin, Caspar, see Bauhin, Gaspard
Bauhin, Gaspard, 80, 88, 93, +94-96+, 98, 115, 130-132, 136, 139,
140, 148, 150, 151, 152, 222, 224, 226
Bauhin, Jean, 74, +93+, +94+, 96, 98, 99, 192, 222, 226
Bauhinus, see Bauhin
“Bausor”, 29
Bay Tree, 215
Bean, 3, 154
Beech, 5
Bellonius, P., see Belon, P.
Belon, P., 196
“Bernicles,” Gyraldus and Octavian on, 112
Besler, B., 200
“_Beta Cretica semine aculeato_”, 130
“_Beta nigra_”, 130
Bird’s-nest Orchid, 148
Blankaart, S., 202
Boccone, P., 202
Bock, H. (Tragus, H.), 35, 47, +50-58+, 60, 64, 67, 68, 103, 124,
125, 138, 175, 184, 185, 222, 226
Bodleian Library, Oxford, 35
Boece, H., see Boethius, H.
Boethius, H., 111, 112
_Boke of Secretes of Albartus Magnus, The_, 215
Bologna, University of, 68, 101
Bombastus von Hohenheim, see Paracelsus
_Book of Nature, The_, of Konrad von Megenberg, +10+, +11+, 157,
158, 167, 223
Borage, 120
Braunschweig, Hieronymus, 24, 45, 46, 168
Bredwell, S., 109
Brimen, Marie de, 78
British Museum, The, 33, 65, 106
Broomrape, 104, 148
Brosse, G. de la, +117+, +118+, 212
Brunfels, O., 22, +47-50+, 60, 64, 67, 122, 124, 138, 162, +168-174+,
175, 177, 180, 185, 189, 199
Brunfelsius, O., see Brunfels, O.
Bugloss, 43
Bull-nut, 185
Burleigh, Lord, 108
Busbecq, A. G., 84, 85
Butterbur, 125
Buttercup, Meadow, 158
Cabbage, 180
Cæsalpinus, A., see Cesalpino, A.
_Caltha_, 146
Camerarius, J., the younger, 68, 69, 88, 92, 192-196, 199, 224
Camus, G., 24
Candolle, A. P. de, 140
“_Capillus Veneris_”, 38, 161
Carrichter, B., 215
Carrot, 122
Cary, W., 39
_Cary’s Herbal_, 39
Celandine, The Greater, 170
Celandine, The Lesser, 175
_Centaurea rhaponticum_, 107
Centaurs, 45
Cesalpino, A., 5, 68, 101, +116-117+, 136, 151, 152, 153
Chabræus, D., 192
Cherler, J. H., 93
Chestnut Tree, 185
Chicory, 122, 165
Chimay, Princesse de, 78
Chiron, 36
Choulant, Dr L., 15, 24
_Chronica herbarum_ of Winckler, 215
_Circa instans_, 24, 140
_Clematis_, 191
Cleopatra, 8
Clover, 146
Clusius, C., see l’Écluse, C. de
Cockayne, Dr O., 35
_Codex Aniciæ Julianæ_, see Dioscorides
_Codex Vossianus_, Leyden Library, 154
Coffee plant, 90
Cole, W., 210-211, 219, 220
Coles, W., see Cole, W.
Cologne, Books printed at, 102
Colonna, F., +86-88+, 112, 113, 138, 139, 199
Columbine, 170
Columna, F., see Colonna, F.
Comfrey, 165
_Commentarii ... Dioscoridis_ of Mattioli, +81-85+, 94, 186-190
Composites (Compositæ), 144, 145, 151
Compton, H., Bishop of London, 202
_Convallaria majalis_ (Lily-of-the-Valley), 36, 158
Copland, W., 39
_Copland’s Herbal_, 39, 40
Coral, 43, 151
Cordus, E., 65
Cordus, V., 47, 65-67, 130
_Cosmographia_ of Sebastian Muenster, 110
_Craftsman’s Plant-Book, The_, of Hatton, 195
“Crowfoote”, 127
Cruciferæ, 145
_Crůÿdeboeck_ of Dodoens, 62, 72, 106, 190
Cryptogams, 135, 151
Cuba, Dr J. von, see Cube, Dr J. von
Cube, Dr J. von, 18
_Cube’s Herbal_, see Herbarius, _The German_
Cuckoo-pint, 45
_Cucurbita maxima_, 62
“Cukowes Meate”, 45
Culpeper, N., +218-220+
_Cuscuta_ (Dodder), 22, 125, 162
Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D., 76
Cuyp, A., 200
Dalechampius, J., see Aléchamps, J. d’
Daléchamps, J., see Aléchamps, J. d’
Date seedling, 196
Dead Nettle, 125
_Dendrologia_ of Aldrovandi, 198
Desmoulins, J., 98, 99
“Devylles Bytte”, 45
Diana, 36, 45
Dicotyledons, 79, 135, 136, 145, 146, 153
Dioscorides, +8-9+, 11, 21, 50, 62, 64, 66, +74+, 82, 85, 88, 98,
104, 120, 136
Dioscorides, the Vienna manuscript of (_Codex Aniciæ Julianæ_), 8,
85, 154, 155, 190
_Dispensatorium, The Nuremberg_, 66
_Distillation Book_ of Hieronymus Braunschweig, 45, 46, 168
Dodder, 22, 125, 162
Dodoens, R., 64, 68, +72-74+, 76, 79, 103, 106, 108, 109, 125, 127,
133, 143, 145, 146, 190, 196, 199, 211, 222
Dodonæus, R., see Dodoens, R.
“_Dracontea_”, 157
Dragon Tree, 190
Drake, Sir Francis, 76
_Drosera_ (Sundew), 146, 151
Duckweed, 45
Durante, C., +85+, +86+, 196
Dürer, A., 169, 170, 180
Earth-nut Pea, 177
Edward VI, King, 100, 101
Egenolph, C., 62, +64-65+, 70, 174, 175
_Eicones plantarum_ of Theodor (Tabernæmontanus), 68, 109
_Ekphrasis_ of Colonna, 88, 138, 139, 199
“Elebore,”, see Hellebore
“Elements,” The four, 19, 20, 41
Elizabeth, Queen, 78, 100, 102
Emo, G., 90
_Encyclopædia_ of Bartholomæus Anglicus, 10, 11, 38, 158, 159
_English Physician enlarged, The_, of Culpeper, 218
_Epitome ... Matthioli_ of Camerarius, 68, 193
Erasmus, D., 93
Erfurt, University of, 58
_Erodium_, 127
“Everfern”, 120
Fantin-Latour, H., 180
“Father of British Botany, The”, 100
Ferdinand, Archduke, 81
Fern, 38, 55, 146, 151
Fern, Royal, 55
Ferrara, Books printed at, 24
Ferrara, University of, 101
Flavius Anicius, The Emperor, 8
“Flower, The,” Dodoens’ definition of, 127
Frankfort, Books published at, 64, 68
Frederick III, Count Palatine, 68
Frogbit, 148
“Frogges Fote”, 45
Fuchs, L., 47, 55, +58-64+, 66, 68, 72, 80, 92, 93, 94, 98, 101, 102,
103, 106, 124, 125, 133, 138, +175-185+, 186, 189, 190, 196, 199,
224, 226
Fuchsius, L., see Fuchs, L.
Füllmaurer, H., 180
Fungi, 31, 77, 134, 140, 148
Gaius Plinius Secundus, see Pliny, the Elder
Galen, 21, 42, 206, 207
Garden, Botanical, at Padua, 90
Garden at Hackney, Lord Zouche’s, 78
Garden at Nuremberg, Camerarius’, 68
Garden in Holborn, Gerard’s, 108, 113
Garden in Long Acre, Parkinson’s, 113
Garden on Snow Hill, Johnson’s, 113
Gardens, Lord Burleigh’s, 108
_Gardyn of helth_, 33
_Gart der Gesuntheit_, 32
_Gart d’gesuntheyt_, 21
Gentian, 138
“Genus,” meaning of the term, 138-140
Geraniaceæ, 145
“Geranion”, 127
Gerard, J., 64, 68, 103, +108-110+, 113, 116, 130, 192, 199
Gerarde, J., see Gerard, J.
German Fathers of Botany, The, +47+, 58, 65, 67, 122, 204
Gesner, K., 68, 80, 88, +90-93+, 101, 104, 138, 192, 193, 199, 224
Ghini, L., 84, 101
Glasswort, 90, 197
“Goose Tree”, 109-113
_Grant Herbier, Le_, 24, 40
Grasses, 151
Green, T., 212
_Grete Herball, The_, 24, 34, 38, +40-45+, 103, 121, 122, 140, 168, 196
Grew, N., 7, 100, 116, 132
Guiditius, H., see Weiditz, II.
Gyraldus on “Bernicles”, 112
Hackney, Lord Zouche’s garden at, 78
Harpy, 32
Hart’s-tongue Fern, 175
Hatton, R. G., 174, 194
“Heart Trefoyle”, 211
Hellebore (“Elebore”), 8, 44
Henbane (_Hyoscyamus_), 45, 148
Henrietta Maria, Queen, 114
Henry VII, King, 33, 65
Henry VIII, King, 100, 106
“Herbal,” Definition of the term, 11
_Herball, The Grete_, 24, 34, 38, +40-45+, 103, 121, 122, 140, 168, 196
_Herball, The_, of Gerard, 64, 68, +108-110+, 113, 130
_Herbario Nuovo_ of Durante, 85, 196
_Herbarium_ of Apuleius Platonicus, +11-13+, 14, 16, 28, +35-37+, 120,
+155-157+, 159, 204, 223
_Herbarius in Latino_, see _Herbarius, The Latin_
_Herbarius Moguntinus_, see _Herbarius, The Latin_
_Herbarius Patavinus_, see _Herbarius, The Latin_
_Herbarius, The German_, 13, 14, 15, +18-23+, 24, 25, 28, 40, 41, 64,
120, 138, 157, +162-165+, 166, 168, 175, 202, 214, 223
_Herbarius, The Latin_, 13, 14, 15, +16-18+, 22, 120, 138, 157, 159,
160, 161, 162, 223
_Herbarius, The Latin_, Venetian edition called _Arnold de Villa Nova’s
herbal_, +17+, +18+, 161, 162, 172, 196
_Herbarius zu Teutsch_, see _Herbarius, The German_
_Herbarum vivæ eicones_ of Brunfels, 22, +50+, 122, +168-172+, 196, 224
_Herbier, Le Grant_, 24, +40+
Hercules, 7
_Here begynneth a newe mater_, see _Banckes’ Herbal_
Hermann, P., 202
Heron, J., 33
_Histoire des plantes, L’_, of Linocier, 98
_Histoire des plantes_ of Dodoens and de l’Écluse, 72, 127
_Histoire universelle des plantes_ of Jean Bauhin, 93
_Historia animalium_ of Gesner, 91, 104
_Historia ... Erdgewechssen_ of Thurneisser, 216
_Historia generalis plantarum_ of d’Aléchamps, 62, 94, +98-99+, 143,
196
_Historia naturalis_ of Jonston, 110
_Historia plantarum Lugdunensis_, see _Historia generalis plantarum_
of d’Aléchamps
_Historia ... plantarum_ of Thurneisser, 216-218
_Historia plantarum universalis_ of Jean Bauhin and Cherler, 62, 93
_Historia stirpium, De_, of Fuchs, 55, +58-64+, 124, 125, +175-183+,
185, 224
_Historia stirpium_ of Cordus, 66
_History of Plants_ of Theophrastus, 2
Hohenheim, von, see Paracelsus
Holborn, Gerard’s garden in, 108, 113
_Hortulus Sanitatis_ of Durante, 85
_Hortus Eystettensis_ of Besler, 200
_Hortus Floridus_ of de Passe, 200, 202, 224
_Hortus medicus et philosophicus_ of Camerarius, 68, 69, 194
_Hortus Sanitatis_, see _Ortus Sanitatis_
Hydra, 31
_Hydrocharis_, 148
_Hyoscyamus_ (Henbane), 45, 148
_Hypecoum_, 148
Hypericaceæ, 145
_Hystory & croniklis of Scotland_ of Boethius, 111, 112
_Icones et Descriptions_ of Boccone, 202
“Incunabula”, 10
Indian Corn, 62
Inflorescences, Theophrastus on, 2
Ingolstadt, University of, 58
_Iris_, 161, 165
_Iris fœtidissima_, 8
Isaac Judæus, 42
Isengrin, M., see Isingrin, M.
Isidor of Seville, 3
Isingrin, M., 60
Ivy, 5
Jackson, Dr B. Daydon, 191
James I, 78
_Jardin de Santé, Le_, 33
Jerome of Brunswick, see Braunschweig, Hieronymus
Job’s Tears, 190
Johnson, T., 113, 192
Jonston, J., 110
_Joyfull newes_ of Monardes, 105-106
Juliana Anicia, 8
Juliana Anicia’s Manuscript of Dioscorides, see Dioscorides
Jung, J., 133
Jussieu, A. L. de, 140
Justinian, 8
Kammermeister, see Camerarius
Kandel, D., 55, 185, 186
Killermann, Prof. S., 170
Konrad von Megenberg, 10, 157
_Kreuterbuch, Neuw_, of Tabernæmontanus, see _Kreuterbuch, Neuw_,
of Theodor
_Kreuterbuch, Neuw_, of Theodor, 62, +68+
_Kreuter Bůch_ of Bock, +55-58+, 62, 138, +184-186+, 204
_Kreutterbuch, New_, of Bock, 55
_Kreutterbůch_ of Carrichter, 215
_Kreutterbůch_ of Rhodion, 64, 174
_Kruydtbœck_ of de l’Obel, 79, 146, 196
Kynge, J., 39, 40
Labiates, 136
Lambeth, Tradescant’s garden at, 113
_Lamium_, 120, 125
_Lathræa_ (Toothwort), 148, 209
Latimer, H., 100
Laurel, 138, 215
l’Écluse, C., de 68, 72, +74-78+, 79, 88, 93, 95, 106, 115, 125, 127,
146, 190, 192, 199, 222
Legré, L., 78
Leguminosæ, 151
le Noir, Philippe, 33
“Lentylles of the water”, 45
l’Escluse, C. de, see l’Écluse, C. de
Leyden, University of, 72, 74, 76, 77, 154
_Libellus de re herbaria_ of Turner, 101, 102
_Liber de arte distillandi_ of Hieronymus Braunschweig, 24, 45, 46, 168
_Liber de proprietatibus rerum_ of Bartholomæus Anglicus, 10, 11, 38
Liebhard, see Camerarius
Lignamine, J. P. de, 11
Lily, 120, 159
Lily-of-the-Valley, 36, 158
_Limnanthemum_, 146, 147
Linnæus, 133, 140
Linocier, G., 98
_Listera_, 146
_Litle Herball of the properties of Herbes, A_ 39
l’Obel, M. de 68, 74, +78-79+, 106, 109, 112, 115, 125, 136, 145, 146,
151, 190, 192, 199, 222, 226
Lobel, M. de, see l’Obel, M. de
Lobelius, M., see l’Obel, M. de
Lodestone, 43, 44
Loë, J., see Vanderloe, J.
London, Books published at, 46, 102
Long Acre, Parkinson’s garden in, 113
Lonicer, A., 64
Louvain, University of, 72, +74+
Love-in-a-Mist, 145
Lucian, 7
Ludwig, Count Palatine, 50
Luther, Martin, 58
Lyte, H., 72, 73, +106-108+, 125, 127
_Macer, A newe Herball of_, 40
Macer, Æmilius, 40
Macer Floridus, 40
Maclagan, Dr T. J., 212
_Maianthemum_, 146
Maidenhair Fern, 38, 161
Mainz, Books printed at, 13, 14, 16, 18, 25, 159, 165
Maison Plantin, 70-72
“Mala Aurantia Chinensia”, 198
“Mallowes”, 127
Malpighi, M., 116
Manardus, J., 50
“Mandrag,” see Mandrake
_Mandragora_, see Mandrake
Mandrake (_Mandragora_), 24, 34, 36, 37, 38, 103, 148, 156, 204
Marburg, University of, 65
Marsh Marigold, 146
Mary, Duchess of Suffolk, 65
Mary, Queen, 100, 102
_Materia Medica_ of Dioscorides, 8, 120, 136
Matthiolus, P. A., see Mattioli, P. A.
Mattioli, P. A., 9, 68, +79-85+, 92, 98, 103, 104, +186-190+, 196, 199
Maximilian II, The Emperor, 72, 81
May Lily, 146
“Mayden heere”, 38
Melanchthon, P., 68, 75
Mesua, J., 196
_Methodi herbariæ_ of Zaluziansky, 117
Meydenbach, J., 25
Meyer, A., 180
Millington, Sir T., 132
Mistletoe, 46, 124, 214
Modena Library, 24
Molinäus, J., see Desmoulins, J.
Monardes, N., 104-106
Monocotyledons, 79, 135, 145, 153
Montpelier, University of, 74, 78, 93, 94
Moonwort, 185
Moretus, E. J. H., 70
Moretus, J., 70
Morison, R., 96, 116
Mosses, 151
Muenster, Sebastian, 110
Mugwort, see _Artemisia_
Munich Library, The, 11
Musée Cluny, 31
Musée Plantin-Moretus, 70
“Mussherons”, 140
Myrtle, 138
Narcissus, 29
_Natura stirpium, De_, of Ruel, 98
_Natural History_ of Pliny, 9, 214
_Nature, Vertu et Utilité des Plantes, De la_, of de la Brosse, 118
“Nenufar”, 122
_Neottia_, 148
Nero, 8
_Neuw Kreuterbuch_ of Tabernæmontanus, see _Neuw Kreuterbuch_
of Theodor
_Neuw Kreuterbuch_ of Theodor, 62, 68
_New Herball, A_, of Turner, 62, +102-104+
_Neuw Kreüterbůch_ of Fuchs, 60-64, 175
_Neuw Kretterbuch_ of Bock, 55
_Newe Herball of Macer, A_, +40+
Nicolaus Damascenus, 3, 4
_Nicotiana_ (Tobacco), 105, 106, 148
_Niewe Herball, A_, of Lyte, 62, 64, 72, 73, 106-108, 125, 126
_Nigella_, 145
Norton, J., 68, 108, 109
_Nuphar_, 146
_Nuremberg Dispensatorium, The_, 66
Nuremberg, Garden of Camerarius at, 68
_Nymphæa_, 146
Oak, 5, 138
_Observations de plusieurs singularites, Les_, of Belon, 196
Octavian on “Bernicles”, 112
Odo, 40
“Orage”, 122
Orange, 198
Orchid, Bird’s-nest, 148
_Ornithogalum_, 196
_Orobanche_, 104, 148
_Ortus Sanitatis_, 14, 15, 18, 24, +25-33+, 40, 120, 138, 157, 158,
+165-168+, 170, 175, 186
_Ortus Sanitatis, The German_, see _Herbarius, The German_
_Ortus Sanitatis, The Smaller_, see _Herbarius, The German_
_Osmunda_, 55
_Oxalis_, 121, 146
Padua, Botanical Garden at, 90
Padua, University of, 90, 94
Pandectarius, 21
_Papaver_, 148
Papaveraceæ, 148
“Pappus,” Fuchs’ definition of, 124-125
Paracelsus, +205-208+, 212, 213, 214
_Paradisus Batavus_ of Hermann, 202
_Paradisus Terrestris_ of Parkinson, +113-115+, 197, 200
Paris, Books published at, 33, 98
Paris, University of, 90, 94, 98
Parkinson, J., +113-116+, 144, 192, 197, 200
Payne, Dr J. F., 12, 15, 22, 24, 38, 155, 156, 162
Pearls, 43
Pegasus, 32
Pembroke College, Cambridge, 100, 102, 103
_Pemptades_, see _Stirpium ... pemptades sex_ of Dodoens
Pena, P., 74, 78, 79
Peony, 7, 161, 165
“Petal,” Introduction of term, 88
Petiver, J., 192
Phanerogams, 135, 151
Pharmacopœia, Culpeper’s translation of the, 218
Pharmacopœia, The first government, 67
Philip, Count of Nassau, 53
Phœnix, 31
_Physicall Directory, A_, of Culpeper, 218
_Phytobasanos_ of Colonna, 88, 113, 199
_Phytognomonica_ of Porta, 196, +208-210+
_Phytopinax_ of Gaspard Bauhin, 96, 140
_Pinax theatri botanici_ of Gaspard Bauhin, 96, 115, 148-151, 224
Pisa, University of, 58
Pitton Tournefort, J., 96
Plague, The, 58, 80, 90
Plant Anatomy, 7, 116, 221
Plantaginaceæ, 145
_Plantago_ (Plantain), 122, 146, 157
Plantain, 122, 146, 157
_Plantarum seu stirpium historia_ of de l’Obel, 79
Plantin, C., +70-74+, 79, 98, 113, 146, 190, 191, 199
_Plantis Ægypti, De_, of Alpino, 88-90, 196, 197
_Plantis, De_, of Cesalpino, 117
Platearius, 21
Plato, 2
Playing-card manufacture, 156
Pliny, the Elder, 3, +9+, 11, 137, 138, 214
Pomegranate, 209
Pope Sixtus IV, 11
Poplar, 5
Poppy, 120
Porta, J. B., 196, +208-210+, 212
Potato, 95, 109, 130, 132, 197
Potter, Paul, 200
Prague, Books published at, 117
“Prestes Hode”, 45
Priest, Dr 108, 109
Primrose, 45
“Principles,” The four, 19
“Principles,” The three, according, to Paracelsus, 207
_Prodromos theatri botanici_ of Gaspard Bauhin, 95, 130, 197, 224
_Proprietatibus rerum, Liber de_, of Bartholomæus Anglicus, 10, 11,
38, 158, 159
“Prymerolles”, 45
_Půch der natur, Das_, of Konrad von Megenberg, see _Book of Nature,
The_
Pumpkin, The Great, 62
Quakelbeen, W., 84
“Radiolus”, 120
_Ranunculus acris_, 158
_Rariorum plantarum historia_ of de l’Écluse, 76
_Rariorum ... stirpium per Hispanias_ of de l’Écluse, 76
Ray, J., 96, 116
Renaulme, P., 200
Rhabanus Magnentius Maurus, 3
Rhodion, E., 64, 174
Richelieu, Cardinal, 118
_Ricinus_, 145
Ridley, N., 100
Rihel, W., 55
Rivière, J., 70
Rome, Books printed at, 11, 85
Rondelet, G. 74, 76, 78
Rose, 43, 120
Rose of Jericho, 196
Rosemary, 38, 39
Royal Fern, 55
Rudolph II, The Emperor, 72
Ruel, J., 9, 62, +98+
Ruellius, J., see Ruel, J.
_Ruscus_, 146
Sachs, J. von, 96
Saint Catherine, 21
Saint John’s Wort, 207
Saint Thomas Aquinas, 3
Salicin, 212
_Salicornia_ (Glasswort), 90, 197
Savoy and Piedmont, Duke of, 70
Saxifrage, 145
“Saynt Peterworte”, 45
Schöffer, P., 16, 18
Schott, J., 50
Schreiber, H., 66
“_Sedum majus_”, 127-130, 190
“_Sedum vulgare majus_”, 128
“_Sempervivum majus_”, 127-130
_Senecio_, 125
Serapio, 21
Shepherd’s Purse, 122, 125
“Signatures,” Doctrine of, +207-212+
Simler, J., 92, 193
“Simples”, 35, 36, 103, 104, 196, 220
_Simpling, The Art of_, of Cole, 211, 219
Sixtus IV, Pope, 11
Snow Hill, Johnson’s garden on, 113
Solanaceæ, 148
_Solanum_, 95, 148
Somerset, Duke of, 101, 102
_Sonchus_, 125
_Specimen Historiæ Plantarum_ of Renaulme, 200
Speckle, V. R., 180, 183
Specklin, V. R., see Speckle, V. R.
Sprengel, K. P. J., 47, 65
“Squamony”, 44
Stamens, Fuchs’ definition of, 124
Stamens, Function of, 132-133, 224
_Stirpium adversaria nova_ of de l’Obel, M. and Pena, P., 78, 145,
146, 222, 224
_Stirpium ... pemptades sex_ of Dodoens, 74, 127, 145, 190, 191
Storksbill, 127
Strand, Lord Burleigh’s garden in the, 108
Strasburg, Books printed at, 50, 55
Strawberry, 185
Sundew, 146, 151
Switzer, A. 197
“Tabaco,” see Tobacco
Tabernæmontanus, J. T., see Theodor, J.
_Tamus_, 146
Tendrils, Conventionalised representations of, 160
_Theatrum botanicum_ of Parkinson, 115, 144
Theobalds, Lord Burleigh’s garden at, 108
Theodor, J. (Tabernæmontanus), +67+, +68+, 109, 199
Theophrastus, +2-3+, 4, 5, 6, 9, 50, 104, 116, 119, 134, 137
Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, see Paracelsus
Thistles, 143, 151
Thurneisser zum Thurn, L., 216-218
“_Tithymalus characia_”, 129
Tobacco, Early record of use of, 105-106
Toothwort (_Lathræa_), 148, 209
Tournefort, J. Pitton, 96
Tradescant, J., 113
Tragus, H., see Bock, H.
_Trapa_, 185
“Tree bearing Geese”, 109-113
“Tree of Knowledge”, 28
“Tree of Life”, 28, 29
“Tree of Paradise”, 167
“Tree of Sorrow”, 85-86
Treveris, P., 40
Treviranus, L. C., 194
Trevisa’s translation of the Encyclopædia of Bartholomæus Anglicus, 11,
38, 158, 159
Trew, C. J., 92, 193
_Trifolium_, 146
Tübingen, University of, 58, 66, 93, 94, 226
Turner, R., 211, 212
Turner, W., 62, +100-104+, 106, 107, 112, 125, 199, 204, 222
Tutsan, 122
Twayblade, 146
Type, Movable, 16
Uffenbach, P., 85
Umbellifers, 136, 144, 145, 148, 151, 216
Unicorn, 31, 115
_Universal Herbal_ of Green, 212
Upas tree, 29
Utrecht, Books published at, 200
Valerian, 88
Vanderloe, J., 72, 190
Venice, Books published at, 83, 90, 161, 168, 188, 196
Vérard, A., 33, 65
_Verbena_ (“Vervayn”), 43, 57
_Veronica_, 62
_Vertuose boke of Distillacyon, The_, of Hieronymus Braunschweig, 45,
46
“Vervayn” (_Verbena_), 43, 57
Vespasian, 8
“_Vettonia_”, 156
Vienna Library (K. k. Hofbibliothek), 8, 11, 74, 85
Vienna Manuscript of Dioscorides, see Dioscorides
Vinci, Leonardo da, 170, 180
Vine, 4, 160
_Viola_, 120
_Viola odorata_, 158
Violet, The Sweet, 158
_Viribus herbarum, De_, of Macer Floridus, 40
_Virtutibus herbarum, De_, erroneously attributed to Albertus Magnus,
5, 215
_Vita Conradi Gesneri_ of Simler, 92, 193
Walnut, 210
Waterlily, 122, 146, 162, 172, 180, 190, 196
“Waterworte”, 38
Weiditz, H., 50, 171, 172, 174, 224
Wheat, 3
William the Silent, 78, 79
Willow, 212
Winckler, N., 215
Winter Cherry, 165, 166, 202
Wintergreen, 185
Wittenberg, University of, 66, 68
Wolf, C., 92
Wood-sorrel, 45, 121
Worde, Wynkyn de, 11, 38
Wormwood, see _Artemisia_
_Worthy practise of ... Leonerd Fuchsius, A_, 58
Wyer, R., 40
Zaluziansky von Zaluzian, A., 80, +117+, 151
_Zea mais_, 62
Zouche, Lord, 78
Zurich, University of, 90, 101
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
End of Project Gutenberg's Herbals, Their Origin and Evolution, by Agnes Arber