The ancient habits of that interesting and progressive race, the Maori,

who preceded white people in New Zealand, were shown in some remarkably

realistic and unique carvings and paintings. The Maori has long since

passed the savage state and has shown his ability to attain the highest

stages of modern civilization. The contrast between the position of the

Maori in 1840 and in 1904 constitutes a remarkable progress in racial

development. Formerly the Maori was a savage, clever and enterprising,

but ferocious, cruel, and a cannibal. To-day he tills the soil, speaks

English, and sends his children to school and college, where they study

for the highest professions, such as medicine, law, teaching, etc.

Contact with a highly civilized community has diverted the natural

intelligence of the Maori to useful channels, while Christianity has

developed the best instincts of a fine race of people. In the to-day the

Maori stands side by side with the white man, a welcome comrade in the

building of a new nation. Six Maoris occupy positions in the New Zealand

legislature, and one is a cabinet minister.

In the Agricultural Building a score of sacks containing wheat, oats,

peas, beans, clover, grass seed, etc., paid tribute to the climate and

soil of New Zealand. The extreme interest shown by all visitors

constituted a very high compliment to the country. The demand by farmers

for samples of wheat and oats was great. The attention bestowed by

farmers and grain merchants upon the New Zealand grain display had its

counterpart in the attitude of women visitors toward the exhibit of

woolen rugs and blankets. Its exceptional soil and climate enable the

New Zealand farmer to rear sheep with a grade of wool that can seldom be

obtained elsewhere. Factories that have been established in the

principal cities weave the wool into clothing, rugs, and blankets of an

excellent strength and quality. Fleeces, both scoured and greasy,

afforded wool experts an opportunity of closely examining the staple in

raw material. Other products shown in the Palace of Agriculture were

bales of hemp manufactured from New Zealand flax, a very fine sample of

hops grown in the Nelson district, rabbit skins packed and ready for

export, kegs of tallow, crude petroleum, etc. These served to indicate

partially the resources of a wonderfully rich and productive country.

A chief attraction of the New Zealand exhibit was the opportunity it

provided Americans for personally interrogating the New Zealand

representatives concerning the government of their country. Political

economists in America, as in other parts of the world, have in recent

years been pointing to New Zealand as a country where a government

fulfills its proper functions in caring for the welfare of the whole of

the people, where each man and woman takes a recognized and effective

part in the making of the laws which govern them, and where high ideals

of modern civilization are lived up to.

NORWAY AND SWEDEN.

The Norwegian Storthing (Parliament) on the 20th of January, 1904,

failed to pass a bill appropriating funds for Norway's participation in

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The Government, however, being aware

that there would be some individual exhibitors, decided to accept the

invitation from the American authorities to have a commission appointed.

By resolution of the Crown Prince Regent on March 25, Frederick L.M.

Waage, vice-consul for Sweden and Norway to St. Louis, was appointed

commissioner-general for Norway. No Government appropriation and no

money was raised by private subscriptions.

Three individual exhibitors displayed goods:

David Andersen, Christiana, in the Varied Industries Building,

silverware and enamel. Cost of exhibit, $40,000; installation, $500,

transportation, $800.

Chr. Knag, Bergen, furniture of the old Norwegian style in the east wing

of the Fine Arts Building. Cost of exhibit, $3,000; transportation,

$125.

Nordenfjeldske Kunstindustrimuseum, Dortheim, tapestries, old and new

Norwegian patterns and designs by Gerhard Munthe. Cost of exhibit,

$10,000; transportation, $35.

Sweden's participation at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was

authorized by the following decree addressed by King Oscar, of Sweden

and Norway, to A.R. Akerman, director-general and president of the

board of trade, which decree appointed Mr. Akerman commissioner-general

to the exposition. The decree gives fully an account of the Swedish

participation and was as follows:

Greetings, etc.

Since the President of the United States has invited the governments of

other states, including Sweden, to participate in a Universal Exposition

in St. Louis, originally intended to be held in 1903, but now being

decided to be open during the period from May 1 to December 1, 1904, and

we, through gracious proposition, of which a copy is herewith attached,

suggested to the Riksdag to appropriate, on an extra budget for 1904, an

amount of 120,000 kronor for Sweden's participation in the art and

educational exhibits of the exposition has the Riksdag in a

communication of May 22, 1903, with reference to the arrangements of

expenses of the State budget, eighth section, communicated the

following:

The Riksdag had considered the advisability that Sweden be

officially represented at the Universal Exposition in St. Louis

1904, especially as this could be supposed as being in line with

the desire of the Swedes residing in the United States and

serving to strengthen the ties that still unite them with their

Fatherland, and in accordance with the expression of the chief

of our ecclesiastic department in the minutes of our ministry

had the Riksdag embraced the opinion that the official

participation of Sweden should embrace the departments of art

and education, in which sections our country seems to have

especially good possibilities successfully to compete with the

greater countries of culture.

In a letter to the Academy of Fine Arts, incorporated in the

minutes of our ministry, the three societies of artists had

expressed the desire that from the collections of art belonging

to the State works of art should be contributed that might be

required in order that the exposition in question should give a

complete illustration of the development of art in our country.

In consequence of this, the Riksdag had considered it necessary

to point out the fact that as it has occurred that works of art

contributed from the collection of the States to be exhibited at

other places at the return of the same were more or less

damaged, and that as in consequence of the transport that would

be necessary in this case absolute guarantee for the restitution

of these works of art in an undamaged condition could hardly be

had, doubts seemed to meet as to such a contribution as had been

suggested by the societies of artists.

Calling attention to what has just been pointed out, the Riksdag

stated that the Riksdag, with consent to our proposition in

question regarding the participation of Sweden in the art and

educational departments of the Universal Exposition in St. Louis

1904, had appropriated on an extra budget for the year 1904 the

sum of 120,000 kronor.

Having had this presented before us, we have, accepting on

Sweden's behalf the above-mentioned invitation as far as

concerns the art and the educational departments of the

exposition, resolved to appoint a committee, who is hereby

empowered to take all measures necessary for the participation

of Sweden in these departments of the exposition and to transact

all business belonging to the same which is not of a nature to

be submitted to our gracious consideration; and we have

appointed you as president of the committee and as members of

the same selected the principal of the technical school of

Stockholm, Bror Viktor Adler; the inspector of the common

schools at Stockholm, Carl Gustaf Bergman; the vice-general

consul, Bror Axel Fredrik Georgii; the assistant professor at

Ostermalms public secondary school, Stockholm, Nols Gerhard,

Eilhelm Lagerstedt, and the superintendent of the art section of

the National Museum, Carl Ludvig Looström.

We, intending to appoint in the future, on the recommendation of

the committee, a commissioner for Sweden at the exposition,

herewith empower the committee to appoint a secretary and

necessary assistants and in as far as it is found necessary to

secure the cooperation of persons whose insight and ability can

secure for Sweden a successful and honorable representation at

the exposition.

Finally, we authorize the committee to collect after the

beginning of 1904, at our exchequer department, the

above-mentioned amount appropriated by the Riksdag to be used as

demands require for the purpose intended, with the obligation to

account for same and with the understanding that the committee

assumes the responsibility that this amount under no

circumstances is exceeded; and we have ordered the exchequer

department to pay from moneys on hand in advance, on requisition

and to be deducted from the mentioned appropriation, what is

necessary to carry on the work of the committee during the year

1903, not exceeding an amount of 20,000 kronor. Which we

herewith communicate for your knowledge and abeyance as far as

you are concerned, at the same time as a gracious letter is sent

to the exchequer department.

PERU.

For the representation of Peru at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the

Peruvian Government appropriated approximately $100,000. The President

of Peru appointed Mr. Alexander Garland, a distinguished Peruvian

and noted writer of international and economical matters,

commissioner-general. Mr. Garland, it is said, has always been noted in

his country as a strong upholder of favorable trade relations with the

United States. Mr. Miguel Miro-Queseda, a newspaper man of Peru, was

appointed secretary to the commission. Subsequently Mr. Ernest H. Wands,

of New York, and Wilfred H. Schoff were appointed commissioners and Mr.

Manual C. Velarde secretary.

A variety of samples of cotton and woolen goods manufactured by

factories lately established in Peru, at La Victoria, Vitarte, La

Providencia, San Jacinto, Malastesta, etc., was displayed in the

Peruvian section of the Agriculture Building, together with abundant

samples of different qualities of Peruvian cotton. In the same building

were exhibited excellent samples of sugar cane from Grande, Cartavio,

Roma, and Chiquitoy. Samples of other products of the soil, as cotton,

coffee, cacao, cocoa, cocaine, rice, etc., which figure under the

exports of Peru, were also exhibited. In the same section were samples

of Peruvian maize, white, yellow, and red, at least double the size of

the corn raised in other parts of the world, as well as other specimens

of the agricultural products of Peru.

The mines section showed the mineral resources of the country. Gold,

silver, copper, lead, cinnabar, manganese, and all kinds of minerals

were represented by a large variety of rich samples. Large blocks of

lignite, anthracite, etc., gave an idea of the importance of the coal

fields of Peru. Mineral oils, mineral waters, sands from placers, and a

variety of salts samples were exhibited demonstrating that Peru is well

endowed in minerals. There was also a mineral map of Peru made under the

direction of the Sociedad Nacional de Mineria.

The Peruvian section in the Forestry, Fish, and Game Palace had samples

of rubber of the Peruvian varieties in large quantities. Samples of wood

gave an idea of the inexhaustible amount of raw materials that are

contained in the vast forests of Peru, valuable for civil and naval

construction and cabinetwork. Barks, resins, nuts, roots, seeds, and

leaves for medical use and dyeing and tanning purposes confirmed the

richness of Peruvian soil.

RUSSIA.

_Russian Commission._--Mr. Edward Grunwaldt, executive commissioner; Mr.

Jacob Godberg, Mr. Max Berkowitz, Mr. L.A. Robinson.

Russia was at different times invited to participate in the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition of 1904, but no definite acceptance was received

until Mr. Thomas H. Cridler, the foreign representative of the

Exposition Company, made a personal visit to the Emperor. His Majesty

was heartily in favor of the proposition, and in proof of his good

feeling toward the American people, ordered an appropriation of 450,000

rubles be set aside to meet the preliminary expense of the Russian

exhibit.

A commissioner-general was appointed. He was instructed to proceed to

St. Louis and secure the necessary space for exhibits and a site for

Russia's pavilion.

Committees were appointed for the purpose of collecting exhibits and to

look after the work of installation and maintenance.

On the outbreak of the Russia-Japan war it was deemed advisable to

withdraw the Government exhibit. This was a cause of considerable

concern to the Russian Emperor, who had been anxious to show his

appreciation of the friendship that existed between Russia and the

United States.

The commissioner-general then made a report that was unfavorable to

Russia's participation at the exposition, and he was then informed

through the minister of finance of the withdrawal of Russia as a

Government exhibitor.

The question of having Russia represented at the exposition by private

exhibitors was then considered. The minister of finance informed Mr.

Grunwaldt that the Government would offer no objection to individual

participation.

The Exposition Company allotted space to Mr. Grunwaldt in the various

buildings. Exhibits were installed in the Fine Arts, Liberal Arts,

Manufactures, Varied Industries, and Agricultural buildings. The

exhibits were very extensive in all the departments.

The entire cost of collecting, transportation, and installation of

exhibits, and the maintenance of same, was borne by Mr. Grunwaldt.

SIAM.

While making an extended tour of the United States in 1902, His Royal

Highness the Crown Prince of Siam visited St. Louis and was the guest of

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. His entertainment was so

generous and his reception throughout the entire country so cordial that

he decided to use his influence toward inducing His Siamese Majesty to

participate in the exposition of 1904. The plan, consequently, that

suggested itself as to the character of Siam's display was to send to

St. Louis the most interesting articles and the best examples of Siamese

industries.

The National Siamese Pavilion, a typical specimen of the architecture of

the country, was a reproduction of the Wat (or temple), Benchamabopit,

now in the course of erection at Bangkok. The plans were closely

followed, thus creating a type of Siamese architecture which in itself

was an exhibit of interest and instruction. The building cost $25,000.

Within the pavilion were placed many objects from the Royal, Museum,

notably a large collection of ancient weapons, drums, cymbals, temple

gongs, howdahs, some wonderful examples of mother-of-pearl work,

hammered silver of antique designs, old lacquer, enormous elephant

tusks, ancient theatrical costumes and properties, and portraits of

Their Majesties the King and the Queen and His Royal Highness the Crown

Prince.

In the Agricultural Building were displayed models of farming implements

of all kinds and examples of the agricultural products of the land.

Especially noticeable was the large collection of rice, the most

important of Siam's exports.

The exhibit in forestry, fish, and game showed the great variety of

woods that grow in Siam, the appliances that are used for fishing, skins

of the many wild animals of the country, and a large collection of

forest products.

Teak, for which Siam is famous, was shown in a number of ways--cross

sections, longitudinal cuts, and portions of the outer surface.

In the Transportation Pavilion were shown models of boats, panniers, and

carts, howdahs, a buffalo cart, and a buggy in full size. The boat

models were especially interesting. Because of the many navigable rivers

and canals a greater part of transportation is by water; consequently a

large variety of boats has been evolved to meet the various conditions.

The collection of spinning and weaving appliances in the Manufacturers'

Building was large and instructive. Here, too, were many fine examples

of mother-of-pearl work, pottery, hammered silver, and lacquer; also a

collection of mats and textiles, both cotton and silk.

In the Mines and Metallurgy Building were displayed samples of the many

minerals that are found in the country and models of the appliances used

to secure them.

Altogether nearly six thousand individual articles were on exhibition

and represented more completely the industries and resources of Siam

than has any previous collection. In each State or Province of Siam a

local committee was appointed with instructions to gather and forward to

Bangkok at least one example of every article produced either for home

use or sale. From these consignments a selection was made by the

Commission and forwarded to St. Louis. In this way objects representing

every section and all the arts and industries were shown. The total cost

of the exhibition of the Government of Siam was approximately $120,000.

Although the trade of Siam has developed very rapidly during the past

few years, the exhibits sent did not have for their purpose the

extension of commerce with this country. The relations between the

United States and Siam are most cordial. The latter recently accredited

to the United States a minister, and Congress very promptly elevated the

rank of the United States representative to that of minister

plenipotentiary. Thus when the invitation to participate in the

exposition was accepted, prospects of commercial gain were not in

contemplation. The one idea was to contribute in every conceivable

manner to the attractiveness of the exposition and add to its

educational possibilities. The invitation was looked upon by the Siamese

Government as a compliment, and the unselfish manner in which its

acceptance was shown proved conclusively that the compliment was

appreciated.

On the occasion of the exposition there was published by the Commission

a richly illustrated book entitled "The Kingdom of Siam." This work was

presented to the educational institutions of this country, to public

libraries, and to all persons who were known to be interested in Siam.

The book, written by experts, will be an authority for years to come

upon Siam, its climate, resources, people, institutions, and industries,

and will doubtless supplant the writings of hurrying traveler and

transient visitor.

The commissioners appointed by the King of Siam were as follows: His

Royal Highness the Crown Prince, president. Vice-presidents: His Royal

Highness Prince Devawongse Varopakar, minister of foreign affairs; His

Royal Highness Prince Mahisra Rajaharudhai, minister of finance; His

Excellency Chow Phya Devesra Wongse Vivadhna, minister of agriculture;

Mr. A. Cecil Carter, M.A., department of education, secretary-general.

Members: His Royal Highness Prince Sanbasiddhi Prasong, His Royal

Highness Prince Marubongse Siribadhna, His Highness Prince Vadhana, His

Excellency Phya Vorasiddhi Sevivatra, His Excellency Phya Sukhum

Nayavinit, His Excellency Phya Amarindra Lujae, His Excellency Phya

Surasih Visisth Sakdi, His Excellency Phya Kamheng Songkram, His

Excellency Phya Sunthorn Buri, His Excellency Phya Rasda Nupradit, His

Excellency Phya Kraibej Ratana Raja Sonkram, His Excellency Phya

Vijayadibadi, Phra Phadung-Sulkrit. Prof. James H. Gore, Columbian

University, commissioner-general.

SPAIN.

The only Spanish exhibits at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition were

shown in the Agricultural Building. There were but three displays, one

being of pure sherry brandy, another of wines, and another of olive oil.

D. Mauricio Mandil was the only exhibitor from Spain, and he had the

brandies, wines, and olive oil analyzed by well-known analytical

chemists. The brandy exhibit consisted of a pyramid of ten barrels, well

finished and varnished, placed on a fancy stand in the center of a

well-polished platform, in the corners and sides of which were piled up

polished pine cases of pure brandy distilled from sherry wine. On the

top box of each pile were pyramids of bottles of different fancy

packings artistically located.

The wine exhibit occupied a square 20 feet on each side. It represented

a vine in full growth, being 18 feet high. The four corners were the

trunks, on which were painted life-size figures of Spanish girls

surmounted by the vine, bearing grapes. This square was covered by a

silk awning made in the Spanish colors. In the center of the tent and on

a platform was located a pyramid 15 feet high, composed of barrels and

bottles artistically placed. The wines exhibited were mostly of old

vintages, dating as far back as 1809, and among these was a special

brand brought to America for the first time, and called Solera Lincoln,

it being of the vintage of 1865, the year of Lincoln's assassination.

The olive-oil exhibit was made by one of the largest exporters of olive

oil in the world.

TURKEY.

The Imperial Government of Turkey with great regret decided, for

financial reasons, not to participate officially in the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition, and therefore no official pavilion was built. The

three functionaries appointed for the Turkish commission were instructed

to aid and to give advice to private exhibitors only who were Turkish

subjects and who could be accommodated in exhibit buildings.

The three officials appointed were Chékib Bey, envoy extraordinary and

minister plenipotentiary to the United States, commissioner-general; Dr.

Hermann Schoenfeld, consul-general in Washington, associate

commissioner-general; George Eli Hall, consul-general in San Francisco,

secretary-general of the commission.

VENEZUELA.

The participation of Venezuela in the St. Louis Exposition was

authorized in the month of October, 1903, immediately after the end of

one of the most sanguinary civil wars known in the history of the

country. The following-named gentlemen were appointed as commissioners

of the Venezuela Government: Gen. Cipriano Castro, honorary president;

Eugenio M. Ambard, commissioner-general; Dr. H. Lameda, attaché; H.

Meinhard, secretary.

The amount of the Government appropriation was at first $25,000, but

this amount was soon exhausted and smaller amounts were subsequently

sanctioned for the maintenance, transportation, and installation of

exhibits. The total amount of appropriation was $30,000. There was

absolutely no private contribution in cash. The approximate value of the

exhibits was about $105,000.

Some of the most interesting features of the exhibition were:

First. A collection of over 200 varieties of fibers prepared under

different processes and taken from different altitudes. Nearly all were

prepared by a machine invented by Dr. J. Lameda, who collected and took

the greatest interest in the fiber exhibit. From the coarsest to the

finest were to be found among these fibers. The longest was of the musa

variety, a coarse fiber which grows to the length of 10 feet. The

_Annanassa sativa_, a fine fiber, grows to the length of 5 feet. This

was the only collection of the kind at the exposition or which has ever

been shown at any other exposition.

Second. The magnificent collection of hard woods from the Government

States of Carabobo, Zulia, and Guayana, each comprising over 600

specimens of native logs, woods for cabinetwork, for building

construction, lumber, staves, dyewoods, tanning, resinous, oil, rubber,

and fragrant woods.

Third. A most unique and complete collection of forest plants, roots,

herbs, leaves, barks, seeds, fruits, resins, gums, and dyeing and

flavoring materials used by herbalists and pharmacists. These were

collected, prepared, and classified by E.M. Ambard.

Fourth. A complete collection of all the minerals and precious stones

(uncut) found in South America, prepared, collected, classified, and

catalogued by Dr. Louis Plazard, who devoted nearly all his life to this

work.

Fifth. A collection of cocoa beans from different regions, which is

considered to be one of the best and most nutritious cocoas in the

world, and has always obtained a far higher price than any other cocoa;

also a collection of coffee from different altitudes, considered by

authorities to be of very fine flavor and high grade.

The Venezuela Government had no special building. The exhibits were

shown in the various exhibit palaces on the grounds.

VATICAN.

The Holy See having been requested to take part in the Louisiana

Purchase Exhibition, accepted the invitation and sent to St. Louis, Mo.,

as its commissioner, Mr. Francis Cagiati, of Rome.

The exhibits sent by the Vatican to the fair were phototypical

reproductions of the most valuable manuscripts existing in the Vatican

Library, as well as some excellent specimens of works in mosaic,

manufactured by the Studio del Mosaico Vaticano.

No special building was erected for the Vatican exhibit, but as the

special nature of the objects required, the entire exhibit was placed in

the Administration Building.

The exhibits sent by the Holy See to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition

were as follows:

Copies of valuable manuscripts, codes, and documents from the Vatican

Library.

The Roman Virgil (fifth century), the miniatures of the Greek Palatine

Balter (twelfth century), the famous Greek Vatican Bible (fourth

century), the Vatican Virgil (fifth century), the miniatures of the

Bible of the Patricins Leo (tenth century), selected pages from the

Papal Letter Book (eleventh century), Papal letters regarding Greenland

(ninth century), earliest Papal documents regarding America (sixteenth

century), the miniatures of the Ottobonian Pontifical (fifteenth

century), the Palmipsett manuscript of the (de republica) of Cicero

(fifth century), the ivories of the Christian, Museum of the Vatican

Library.

Many phototypical and photographical reproductions of the Borgia rooms,

Sistine Chapel, Raphael's Stanze.

Forty-one different pieces of mosaic work.

The death mask of Leo XIII.

Cast of the right hand of Leo XIII.

APPENDIX 4.

REPORTS OF STATES, TERRITORIES, AND DISTRICTS.

ALABAMA.

Committee on Birmingham district exhibit: Fred M. Jackson, president; J.

B. Gibson, secretary; J.A. MacKnight, special representative; Rufus N.

Rhodes, Culpepper Exum, F.H. Dixon, George H. Clark.

The legislature of Alabama failed to provide any funds for an exhibit of

the resources of that State. A commission which had been appointed by

the governor to attend to the business for the State was powerless to

act and gave up the undertaking. In consequence of this failure the

Commercial Club of Birmingham decided, when it was almost too late to

arrange for any kind of an exhibit, to make a display of the State's

mineral resources by means of a fund raised by popular subscription. The

actual amount of money raised was approximately $20,000.

After considerable discussion the Commercial Club decided, upon a

suggestion made by J.A. Mac Knight, to build a colossal statue of

Vulcan, god of fire and metals, in iron. F.M. Jackson, president of the

club, and J.B. Gibson, secretary, took a deep interest in the matter,

and as a result the work was commenced in October, 1903. Great

difficulty was met with in securing the services of a competent sculptor

who was willing to build the model for such a statue, which was to be of

a height of at least 50 feet. Mr. Mac Knight was appointed special

representative of the club to promote this work and finally secured the

services of Mr. G. Moretti, a sculptor residing in New York, who

undertook to perform the task and to complete it in time for the

exposition.

The model of this colossal statue of Vulcan was first built in clay at

Passaic, N.J., where Mr. Moretti carried on the work under adverse

circumstances and through the zero weather of the winter of 1903-4. It

was then cast in plaster of Paris in sections, which were braced and

stayed with scantling on the inside of the shell, to be used as patterns

in the foundry. The entire model was shipped to Birmingham, Ala., on

seven flat cars, its bulk rendering it impossible to put it in box cars.

As soon as it reached Birmingham the work of casting the figure in iron

was begun in the foundry of the Birmingham Steel and Iron Company.

Mr. Moretti went to Birmingham to keep the patterns in condition during

the process of casting, and it was well that he did so, because the

extreme cold had frozen the plaster casts before they were dry,

rendering them so brittle that many of them were broken in handling, and

the head itself was crumbled into a hundred pieces and had to be

entirely remodeled.

Iron manufacturers from all parts of the world have said in regard to

this statue that it was the most remarkable piece of iron casting they

had ever seen. An agent of the Japanese Government was present at

Passaic to watch the building of the model, and followed the work to

Birmingham to make notes on the methods of casting it in iron. He also

went to St. Louis and remained during its erection in the Mines Palace,

and made an extended report to his Government on the subject.

The statue was successfully completed and set up in the exposition

within three weeks after the day of opening. At the close of the

exposition it was taken down and removed to Birmingham, where it is to

be set up in a public park. Its height is 56 feet, and its weight a

little more than 60 tons. The head was cast in one piece and weighed

over 17,000 pounds. There were 20 casts in all, including the anvil and

anvil block. The statue, which was intended to show forth the colossal

iron deposits of Alabama, representing primitive man at the time he

discovered the method of hardening iron into steel. Vulcan held aloft in

his right hand the finished spearhead as a result of his knowledge and

handicraft. It is the largest cast statue in the world, and it could not

be duplicated for less than $40,000.

The space occupied by the exhibit collected and installed by the

Commercial Club was 62 by 32 feet on the south side of the Mines

Building, and contained approximately 2,000 square feet. The statue of

Vulcan stood in the center of one side of the space facing the center of

the Mines Palace. It was placed on a platform built upon nine heavy

piles, which were driven to bedrock. The figure was perfectly poised

when set up, but as an additional safeguard anchor bars were run down

through the legs and through a heavy timber, which was bolted to the

piles. These passed through plates on the inside of the timber and were

screwed up tight. The rest of the space was occupied by a complete

exhibit of raw mineral products from all parts of Alabama and especially

iron and coal from the Birmingham district. The raw materials embraced

the following: Brown hematite iron ore, soft red ore, hard red ore,

bituminous coals, building stone, gray iron, limestone, dolomite,

kaolin, clays, cement rocks, gold ores, copper ore, lignite, and glass

sand, and a long list of other minerals which have not been developed.

The products of coal and iron were coke and pig iron. The finished

products were as follows: Open-hearth steel rails, bar and angle iron,

car wheels, bar steel, steel plate, sewer pipe, and vitrified brick.

This entire exhibit was displayed in an attractive manner and was the

object of a great deal of comment by visitors to the exposition and by

newspapers throughout the country and Europe.

A display of Alabama marble was made in the form of a head of Christ,

which was carved by Moretti, while he was at work on the Vulcan statue

at Birmingham. This marble is of exceedingly fineness and whiteness.

Moretti gave it as his opinion that this marble is equal to the best

Carara or Parian marbles, and it is believed that the making of this

exhibit will lead to the development of the marble deposits of Alabama,

which are believed to be very extensive and of superior quality. The raw

materials displayed offer to capital and enterprise a number of splendid

opportunities. The glass sands are probably destined to place Alabama in

the front rank in glass making in the future, while the following

resources were displayed in such abundance and were of such excellent

quality as to offer the greatest inducements to capital and skill:

An exhibit of porcelain clays and kaolins, which should lead to the

establishment of the manufacture of all kinds of crockery and pottery

ware near these deposits.

The cement rocks, which formed a principal part of the exhibit, have

already attracted capital, and Portland cement of the highest quality is

now being manufactured to a limited extent. Large industries in this

line are to be located near these deposits, which are among the finest

in the world and in inexhaustible quantity.

The beds of lignite, of which samples were on exhibition, are said to be

of very superior quality. No artificial binder is required to make this

material up into briquettes for fuel. It is understood that very

profitable enterprises in this line are to be built up near these

deposits.

The marble deposits, gold and copper ores, and other mineral deposits

were sufficiently exhibited to warrant the assertion that they were

worthy of the fullest investigation. The large deposits of low-grade

gold ore in the eastern part of Alabama, according to exhibitors, will

undoubtedly prove immensely profitable to anyone who may establish a

system to extract the gold economically.

Owing to the failure of the State to make an exhibit, the authorities of

the exposition recognized the Birmingham committee as the State

commission of Alabama and extended to them the courtesies due to a State

commissioner. The exhibit was maintained through the period of the

exposition, and many thousands of souvenirs of the great statue of

Vulcan were sold at the exhibit. An electric picture machine was

installed, which gave a large series of moving pictures representing the

scenery and life of the Birmingham district. The business of the exhibit

was under the direction of J.A. MacKnight, of Birmingham, throughout

the exposition, and he had his office at the exhibit.

ALASKA.

Members of the Alaska commission.--Thomas Ryan, First Assistant

Secretary of the Interior, chairman; Governor John F. Brady executive

commissioner; Joseph B. Marvin, resident representative; Mrs. Mary E.

Hart, hostess. Honorary commissioners: M.E. Martin, mayor of Ketchikan;

Peter Jensen, mayor of Wrangell; O.H. Adsit, mayor of Juneau; Frank

Bach, mayor of Douglas; John Goodell, mayor of Valdez; L.S. Keller,

mayor of Skagway; D.B. Miller, mayor of Eagle City; W.H. Bard, ex-mayor

of Nome; Anthony Tubbs, mayor of Treadwell; H.P. King, mayor of Nome.

The district of Alaska appeared at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition as

an exhibitor in a national exposition for the first time. The conception

of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and its plans were presented for

the consideration of the Congress of the United States at a time when

the reports of the committees of Congress sent to Alaska to investigate

its resources and needs had aroused the Congress to the duty of enacting

legislation for the development of this great region. In appropriating

the large sum of $50,000 for an Alaska Building and an Alaska exhibit at

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition it was the purpose of Congress to

afford an object lesson as a means of education to the millions of

people who should attend the exposition as to the extent and resources

of this country or territory. The sequel showed that the money was

wisely expended, as the Alaska exhibit had the distinction of being

regarded by the thousand of its visitors as forming one of the most

interesting, instructive, an surprising exhibits shown at the great

World's Fair.

When the United States, thirty-seven years ago, paid to Russia the sum

of $7,200,000 for the almost unknown territory of Alaska, the purchase

was not generally approved; and even members of Congress denounced it,

regarding the acquisition as a region of icebergs and glaciers. Later,

when gold was discovered in Alaska, the region was regarded as being one

of ice and almost inaccessible gold, and few had the hardihood to

venture within its precincts, even with the possibility of finding gold

as an inducement for the venture.

Still later, after the reports of the Revenue-Cutter Service and the

recognizances of army officers and naval commanders, the United States

Geological Survey sent men into Alaska to investigate its resources. The

Department of Agriculture tested its capacity for agriculture, the

Bureau of Education established schools and introduced reindeer from

Siberia, the Signal Service began to build telegraph lines and to

inspect the country as to the availability of its rivers and harbors for

navigation, and it became known by the Government that Alaska was richer

in resources by far than had been supposed. This knowledge was not

common to the public, and emigration to that region was tardy.

The United States could hardly have done more for the furtherance of the

development of the great rich district of Alaska, with its untold wealth

in minerals and its great possibilities in agriculture, than it did by

securing to the people of Alaska an opportunity to display their

resources and products to the inspection of the millions who have

visited the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The exhibits shown by them

excited the utmost wonder and surprise in the minds of many witnessing

them, who had been in ignorance of the resources of their country.

Thousands have been led to investigate and seek further information. The

effect of the Alaska exhibit will undoubtedly be far-reaching and

permanent; nor can it be doubted that Congress will supplement this

contribution to Alaska's welfare in the near future by legislation which

shall secure the one great need of Alaska--inland transportation.

An appropriation of $50,000 for the Alaskan exhibit at the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition was made by act of Congress March 3, 1903, as

follows:

To enable the inhabitants of the district of Alaska to provide

and maintain an appropriate and creditable exhibit of the

products and resources of that district at the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, in

nineteen hundred and four, and to erect and maintain on the site

of said exposition a suitable building to be used for the

purposes of exhibiting the products and resources of said

district, the sum of fifty thousand dollars, to be subject to

the order of the Secretary of the Interior, who is hereby

authorized to expend the same in such manner as in his judgment

will best promote the objects for which said sum is appropriated

in accordance with the rules and regulations to be prescribed by

him.

After the passage of the act of Congress which made appropriation for

the Alaska exhibit, providing that the sum appropriated should be

expended by the Secretary of the Interior in such manner as in his

judgment would promote the objects for which the sum was appropriated,

in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by him, one of his

first acts was the appointment of Hon. Thomas Ryan, First Assistant

Secretary of the Interior, chairman of the Alaska commission, to have

immediate charge at the Department of the elaboration of the exhibit.

Later Governor John G. Brady was appointed executive commissioner, and

entered upon the task of gathering together and forwarding to the

exposition such collections of exhibits as would best represent and

illustrate the products and resources of Alaska.

Still later Mr. Joseph B. Marvin was appointed special agent of the

Alaska exhibit and was sent to St. Louis in December, 1903, to

superintend the construction of the Alaska Building, to attend to all

accounts with the Department, and to arrange for the installation of the

exhibits as they arrive.

Mrs. Mary E. Hart was employed January 1, 1904, to assist in the

securing of the exhibits in Alaska, especially in the Department of

Education, and upon the opening of the exposition Mrs. Hart was directed

to proceed to St. Louis, where she was designated as hostess and placed

in charge of the bureau of information in the Alaska Building. At the

same time attendants were selected, whose duty it was to explain the

exhibits to visitors.

The executive commissioner, the honorary commissioners, the hostess, all

of the attendants, and those employed in collecting exhibits in Alaska

were all Alaskans, the attendants being especially selected because of

their acquaintance with Alaska and its products.

It was the desire of the executive commissioner that the utmost

hospitality should be shown to all visitors at the Alaska Building, and

the commodious and homelike parlors on the second floor of the building

were free to the public, maids being employed for special attention to

the wants of ladies and children.

The principal exhibits in the Alaska Building related naturally to the

mining interest of the country.

One of the most impressive and significant exhibits was a gilded cube,

about 3 feet in diameter, representing the size of a block of gold worth

$7,200,000, which was the amount paid by the United States to Russia for

Alaska, and beside it, inclosed in a brass railing, a gilded pyramid of

blocks representing the amount of gold taken each year since 1882 from

the Treadwell mine in Alaska, aggregating $21,800,000, a sum which is

three times the amount paid for Alaska taken from one mine.

The ore exhibit, especially of gold and copper ores, was very large,

filling a glass case 75 feet long and 5 feet high. These ores were

collected by an expert mineralogist employed by the Alaska commission,

and included specimens from nearly all the mines in Alaska.

Following is a list of exhibits, showing the principal industries the

country, as displayed throughout the building: Marble, canned goods,

furs, coal, oils, guano, vegetables and fruit, Indian basketry and

curios, and mounted specimens of game and fish.

An interesting exhibit of Alaskan ethnology was made, twenty totem poles

and two native houses and one war canoe being located about the

building. The totem poles came from different places on Prince of Wales

Island and from two different tribes. At an old village called Tuxekan

four were obtained. These represented the totem or heraldic sign of each

family, and the back part of the totem was excavated to receive the

charred bones of friends and ancestors of the man who raised it. The

Thlingits were in the habit of burning their dead, but carefully

preserved all the charred embers from the funeral pile. These totem

poles were always erected on great occasions, and the bones were usually

carefully wrapped in a new blanket and incased in the back part of the

totem.

The Commission was fortunate in securing for the exhibit a fine

collection of samples of grains raised at the experiment stations at

Alaska, consisting of the grains in the straw and thrashed grains,

including wheat, rye, barley, and oats. These samples were handsomely

displayed, some of the grains and straw being tastefully arranged on the

walls, covering a space 10 by 40 feet, and the balance in a pyramid some

10 feet high and 8 feet in diameter. The thrashed grains were displayed

in glass jars. The grasses were shown in bales of hay. The display of

cereals and grasses was one of the most important, instructive, and

surprising to visitors of any display in the Alaska Building, for it

demonstrated the fact that agriculture is possible in Alaska, and

seekers of the treasures of the mines may always feel sure of

subsistence.

ARIZONA.

Arizona commission.--A.J. Doran, chairman; B.F. Packard, treasurer;

H.B. St. Claire, secretary; Mrs. J.A. Black, commissioner; R.N.

Leatherwood, superintendent of exhibits.

The Arizona Building stood near the southeast entrance of the grounds.

Its architecture was Spanish, belonging to the sixteenth century. It

contained seven rooms, elegantly furnished and decorated. The cost of

the building was approximately $5,000. During the exposition period a

large amount of literature descriptive of the Territory and its various

resources was distributed.

The exhibits in the Arizona State Building other than those placed

therein by the board of managers were a prehistoric collection loaned by

Mrs. M. Aguria, of Tucson, Ariz., valued at $5,000; an oil painting of a

mountain scene in southern Arizona, loaned by Mr. A.J. Scofield and

valued at $4,000; a collection of Indian baskets, rugs, and blankets

(Navaho), valued at $600; an exhibit of cactus picture frames, loaned by

F.E. White, of Florence, Ariz., valued at $250.

The Territory made exhibits in the departments of Mines and Metallurgy,

Education, Agriculture and Horticulture. The exhibit in the Palace of

Mines and Metallurgy occupied a space of 80 feet frontage by 20 feet in

depth. In all, nearly 300 mines were represented by characteristic ores

showing actual values rather than specimens, including in nearly every

exhibit the inclosing and country rocks in which the vein matter

occurred. These exhibits were arranged in two tiers, running the full

length of the space, each mine having its distinctive ore placed on

wooden mounts, appropriately labeled, giving the county, district,

owner, name and character of ore, and its value per ton in gold, silver,

copper, or lead. The exhibit also showed free gold, native silver,

native copper, copper bars, lead-silver bars, copper ingots, onyx (rough

and polished), marble (rough and polished) building stone of various

kinds, lithographic stone, petrified wood in rough and polish, meteoric

iron, etc.; also photographic views of many of the mines, mills,

reduction works, and localities from which the exhibits were taken. The

value of the exhibit was approximately $20,000 and the cost of

installation $1,900.

The educational exhibit in the Education and Social Economy Building

represented the school work of the Territory from the kindergarten to

the academic grade, showing the educational system and the progress made

in Arizona. The value of the exhibit was approximately $2,500 and the

cost of installation $750.

The agricultural exhibit in the Agricultural Building showed the various

products of the soil of the Territory. Wheat, oats, barley, corn, Kaffir

corn, sorghum, millet, alfalfa seed, alfalfa, hay, vegetables, olives,

olive oil, preserved fruits, dates, etc., were displayed The exhibit

cost approximately $875. The cost of installation was $1,500.

In the Horticultural Building there were maintained throughout the fair

from 130 to 160 plates on the table, which held the following: Valencia

late oranges, Washington navel oranges, Mediterranean sweets, lemons,

limes, grape fruit, citronella, tangarines, grapes, plums, quinces,

apricots, plum grabites, pears, cantaloupes, melons, olives, olive oil,

pickled olives, etc. The value of the exhibit was approximately $2,500

and the cost of installation $950.

The amount appropriated by the legislative act for the participation of

Arizona was $30,000 in bonds, which were sold for 7 per cent. premium,

thus making available from that source $32,000. No other funds from any

source came into the hands of the board of managers.

ARKANSAS.

_Members of Arkansas commission_.--George R. Belding, president; J.C.

Rembert, secretary; Thomas W. Milan, manager; George T. Lake; John P.

Logan, superintendent horticultural department; A.H. Purdue,

superintendent mines; H.T. Bradford, agriculture department; Miss

Lizzie Cage, assistant lady manager.

In May, 1901, the legislature of the State of Arkansas enacted a bill

appropriating the sum of $30,000 for the erection and maintenance of a

State building at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and for the

installation and maintenance of the exhibits of the State. Subsequently,

in 1903, the State legislature appropriated a further sum of $50,000 for

the purpose of the State exhibit. There were no private subscriptions,

the entire cost of the State building and maintenance thereof being

borne by the State appropriation.

The cost of the installation and transportation of the different

exhibits made by the commission was $18,102, besides the cost of

returning the exhibits.

The Arkansas Pavilion at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was a fine

specimen of Georgian architecture, of the type so much used throughout

the South in antebellum times. The adaptation of the colonial features

to the purpose for which the building was used was most admirable. The

location, with its foreground of grass and forest trees, produced an

effect suggesting age and permanency that few buildings on the ground

possessed. In fact, on coming upon the building unexpectedly, one would

presume that it had occupied its site for two generations at least. The

building was arranged for the entertainment of the Arkansans visiting

the fair, and served the purpose of a clubhouse and general headquarters

for thousands of people.

The principal feature of the plan of the building was the large

reception hall in the center, connecting through wide openings two

reception rooms, one on either side, and an exhibit room in the rear. On

this floor there were also four smaller rooms used as commissioners'

headquarters, manager's office, post-office, and lady manager's

headquarters; also wide hallways at right angles to the principal axis

of the building.

The second story of the building contained the library, auditorium,

headquarters of the State Bankers' Association, and ladies' parlor, four

sleeping rooms, together with the general toilet rooms.

The three exterior porticos were connected with wide terraces, affording

over 3,000 square feet of floor space. The building was constructed

entirely of Arkansas timber, and was designed by Frank W. Gibb, A.I.A.

A., architect, Little Rock, Ark., and constructed at a cost of

$19,944.05.

At the conclusion of the fair the building was sold to a citizen of

Arkansas, where it is to be reerected as a residence.

In the building were exhibited many handsome pieces of art and

fancywork, burnt-wood plaques and panels, china work, a large silk map

of the United States, showing States, rivers, railroads, principal

towns, etc.; oil paintings, pictures, and portraits, and miscellaneous

exhibits.

In the main exhibit hall of the building was a composite exhibit made by

the land department of the Iron Mountain Railroad, consisting of a

collection of minerals found in the State, samples of the various woods

of the State, a wooden library of seventy-five volumes, each book being

made of a different kind of Arkansas wood, paintings and pictures of

Arkansas scenes, and a historic clock made in Germany in 1763 for the

Duke of Saxony, and samples of mineral waters of Montgomery County.

The Arkansas State commission maintained five exhibits in the exhibition

palaces, viz, Agriculture, approximate value, $7,500; Horticulture,

approximate value, $9,300; Forestry, approximate value, $3,500; Mines

and Metallurgy, approximate value, $6,500; Education, approximate value,

$3,600. In addition to these State exhibits, the city of Hot Springs

maintained in the Government Building a unique exhibit in the nature of

a cave or grotto made of quartz, crystals.

CALIFORNIA.

_Members of California commission_.--Frank Wiggins; J. A Filcher; George

A. Dennison, secretary; Lewis E. Auburg, chief department of mining;

George C. Roeding, chief department of horticulture; W.H. Mills, chief

department of forestry; Robert Furlong, chief department of education.

On March 25, 1903, the legislature of the State of California passed a

bill appropriating the sum of $130,000 for the purpose of adequately

exploiting California's resources and progress at the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition, and providing for two commissioners--one to have had one

year's residence in the southern half of the State; both to have had

experience in installing and managing exhibits at former, expositions.

In addition to this appropriation, there was about $120,000 raised by

the various counties of the State for exclusive county displays to be

installed in the Agricultural Building. These displays were intended to

set forth the possibilities of California in an agricultural and

horticultural way. The cost of installation of said features was about

$40,000. The transportation of all the exhibits, including those of the

counties, which were paid by the State, amounted to, approximately,

$15,000.

The California State Building was located on "The Trail" in the vicinity

of the buildings erected by Georgia and other Southern States, and was

always an object of interest to sightseers at the fair. The pavilion was

built after the Mission style of architecture, modeled after the houses

in which the old Spanish settlers in California used to live. The front

of the building was an exact copy in reduced proportions of the Mission

at Santa Barbara, which was erected by the Franciscan monks in 1786. The

pavilion contained no special exhibits, but its furnishings and

decorations were entirely of Californian material, manufactured by

Californian labor. The cost of the building complete was about $17,000,

the balance of the appropriation by the State being consumed in the

collection of the exhibit, its maintenance, and in general

demonstration.

In the Forestry Pavilion California showed altogether 73 varieties of

commercial and cabinet woods. A separate exhibit in the same place

displayed an exhibit of the fish and game of the State. Just outside of

the building there was an exhibit of forestry containing five logs, or

timbers, which were too heavy to be placed on the Exhibition Building

floor.

In the Agricultural Building the State made a distinctive feature of

wine, dried fruits, canned fruit, processed vegetables, honey, hay,

hops, canned fish, seeds and cereals, grasses and vegetable fibers, etc.

A façade was erected in this department and decorated most artistically.

The counties made separate displays. Altogether 23,300 feet of space was

occupied by the State in agriculture, exclusive of aisles.

In the Horticultural Building the State occupied 9,000 square feet of

space and made a strong showing of processed fruits, fresh fruits, nuts,

and a panoramic scene illustrating methods of orchard irrigation. There

was also shown a cabinet containing the insects that prey on California

orchards, and their parasites.

An operating mill and concentrators were displayed in the Mining Gulch,

and in the Palace of Mines the State occupied 5,200 feet of floor space

with an exhibit showing all the commercial minerals of California.

Altogether there were forty-odd varieties.

In education a strong showing of the university work was made in one of

the alcoves, 40 by 40 feet, and 2,000 feet of floor space was occupied

for the general artistic exhibit of school work from the kindergarten to

the high school. This was inclosed within a characteristic façade of

California redwood, finished in natural color.

A handsome display was a butter feature in the refrigeration department

of agriculture with a beautiful modeled goddess of California, draped in

fruits. Incubators were shown in the proper department, and on the

grounds and in the conservatory were exhibited about 600 rare plants and

shrubs and some tropical fruit trees.

COLORADO.

The Colorado legislature of 1901 appropriated $50,000 for the purpose of

making a display of Colorado products and resources at the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition and provided for the appointment by the governor of

the State of a board of five commissioners, of which the governor should

be a member and ex officio president. In 1903 an additional $100,000 was

appropriated and the board was increased from five to seven members.

The following-named persons composed the Colorado commission:

Governor James H. Peabody, president; T.J. O'Donnell, vice-president;

Paul Wilson, commissioner in chief; I.N. Stevens, secretary; Harry

Cassady, treasurer; Mrs. Lionel Rose Anthony; William F. Sperry; John A.

Wayne, assistant to commissioner in chief; Maria W. Stewart, assistant

treasurer.

The appropriation by the legislature of 1903 unfortunately was placed in

the fifth-class appropriation, and not all of the sum was available for

the use of the board; but by arrangement of other departments of the

State government and with the State institutions of Colorado $80,000 of

the $100,000 was made available for the State's participation in the

exposition.

The work of the board was divided into six departments, all under the

direction of Commissioner in Chief Paul Wilson, as follows:

Mining Department, Mr. I.N. Stevens, chairman; Horticultural

Department, Mr. Paul Wilson, chairman; Agricultural Department, Mr.

Harry Cassady, chairman; Educational Department, Mrs. I.R. Anthony,

chairman; Forestry, Fish, and Game Department, Mr. T.J. O'Donnell,

chairman; Fine Arts Department, Mr. W.F. Sperry chairman.

The exhibits of the resources of the State were collected from every

portion of the State in these various departments.

The value of the mining exhibit placed by the State of Colorado on

exhibition in St. Louis was $500,000; the value of the agricultural

exhibit, $10,000; horticultural exhibit, $8,000; educational exhibit,

$15,000; forestry, fish, and game exhibit, $7,500.

The approximate cost of installing and caring for these exhibits was as

follows:

Mining Department ........................ $25,000

Horticultural Department ................. 10,000

Agricultural Department .................. 15,000

Educational Department ................... 12,000

Forestry, Fish, and Game Department ...... 10,000

CONNECTICUT.

The legislature of Connecticut appropriated $100,000 for the

participation of that State at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The

following commissioners were appointed by the governor of Connecticut,

according to an act of the legislature passed April 2, 1903:

Frank L. Wilcox, president: Charles Phelps, vice-president; J.A. Vail,

secretary-treasurer; Edgar J. Dolittle, Isaac W. Birdseye, Phelps

Montgomery, Mrs. Louis R. Cheney, Mrs. George H. Knight, Miss Anne H.

Chappell. National commissioners: Frederick Betts, Mrs. John M.

Holcombe. Resident commissioner, Hobart Brinsmade.

The Connecticut State Building was intended to represent colonial

design. In its main exterior features it was a replica of the Sigourney

mansion in Hartford, built about 1820 by Charles Sigourney, whose wife

Lydia Huntley Sigourney, was highly regarded as a poet in her time. In

later years it was the home of Lieut. Governor Julius Catlin. The

architect of the Connecticut building was Edward T. Hapgood, of

Hartford. The interior plan was designed to combine colonial ideas with

modern requirements, which were carried out to such extent as to make it

one of the most attractive and homelike structures on the exposition

grounds. It was erected by The H. Wales Lines Company, of Meriden,

Conn., at a cost of about $31,000, and official inspectors pronounced it

the best-built edifice at the exposition. The walls of the rooms on the

first floor and the upper hall were hung with five different designs of

exquisite silk tapestry, the gift of the Cheney Brothers, of South

Manchester. These added a "finishing touch" that found no comparison

elsewhere on the grounds. The furnishing of the building was in

excellent harmony with its colonial design. Highboys and lowboys,

Chippendale, Hepplewhite and Windsor chairs, Sheraton and

thousand-legged tables, flax wheels and warming pans were associated

with canopied high-post bedsteads, while corner cupboards revealed rare

copper-luster china of almost untold value. As a colonial exhibit it was

unique, and had it been entered in competition for reward would most

surely have been given the grand prize. The souvenir catalogue issued by

the Connecticut commission contains a list of 514 articles, most of them

loaned from various Connecticut homesteads. The catalogue also contains

a list of oil paintings and water colors, all by Connecticut artists,

which embellished the walls of the building, the selection being made by

Charles Noel Flagg, of Hartford, chosen by the commission for that

service.

The collective exhibits of Connecticut were in the following-named

departments: Education, farm products, tobacco, dairy, horticulture

(including pomology), herbarium, public parks and residential grounds

(photographs), and shellfish. The grounds surrounding the Connecticut

Building form part of the State horticultural exhibit.

On account of the limited appropriation it was necessary to abandon the

live exhibit of Connecticut in the Fish and Game Building. With the

limited amount of stock which the oystermen had, owing to the lack of

"set" for a number of years, they considered it a detriment to

advertise, and it was only through a regard for the commission that any

of the larger cultivators would contribute to the exhibit.

The exhibit was advantageously placed in the center of the Forest, Fish,

and Game Building and attracted a great deal of attention from visitors

and will undoubtedly prove of material advantage to an immense State

industry.

On one side of the booth the strictly State exhibit was placed, showing

in the cases the oysters of all ages, their enemies, and various

curiosities in growth and development. Over the cases were maps of the

oyster grounds, with photographs showing the oyster houses, docks, and

steamers. On the opposite side were individual displays of several of

the larger cultivators.

Connecticut made a good display. Fifty-eight different specimens of nuts

attracted much attention, many of the varieties shown now growing in the

West and South, and being seen for the first time by many of the

visitors.

Much interest was manifested in flint (Yankee) corn, as it was called by

people of the West and South, and many samples were given to people from

all parts of the United States and to some from foreign countries.

Samples of grass taken from a field yielding 121 tons to the acre far

surpassed any yield of alfalfa claimed from the rich soil of California

or any other Western State.

Exhibit of tobacco leaf and the continuous and frequent favorable

comment demonstrated clearly that its reputation as a State growing fine

quality of wrapper leaf is confined to no small area.

Connecticut has the credit of being the only New England State which

made any dairy exhibit, and in this exposition Connecticut did what she

has never before attempted. An entry was made for the permanent exhibit

as well as for the butter sent for scoring. The lower part of this space

was filled with packages of butter, both tubs and prints, handsomely

arranged so as to make an artistic display.

This was surmounted with a form like a large open book, on one page of

which was the coat of arms, and the other the Charter Oak, both made

from the butter from Connecticut and from true models.

The coat of arms and the Charter Oak were exact reproductions.

These spaces were kept at low temperature by refrigeration, and the

exhibit lasted until the end of the fair.

Connecticut was the first State to have her exhibit completed.

About 775 square feet was assigned to Connecticut in Horticultural

Building, and some time before the opening of the exposition, this space

was fitted with tables and other needed appliances. The space assigned

came within the section where only low installation was allowed. As a

result, those in charge were enabled to install the exhibit at much less

expense than anticipated, which accounts for much of the unexpended

portion of the appropriation set apart for this display. The location

was very desirable, being open, airy, and very accessible from all parts

of the hall.

The exhibit was opened the first day of the fair and was one of the very

few that had the tables fully occupied the opening day of the

exposition. The display, mostly of apples, but including pears and

cranberries, was kept up from stock in storage, using from 5 to 10

barrels per week until about July 15, when the first apples of 1904 and

some small fruits were available. Soon after that regular supplies were

sent forward, but not until September 15 was the storage stock fully

disposed of and the tables wholly filled with fruit of 1904 and kept in

that condition until the close of the exposition, making the exhibit of

great credit to the State, and the only one from New England.

During the season all cultivated fruits grown in the State, except

blackberries and raspberries, were shown, even the so-called tender or

perishable fruits being sent in large lots, and usually arriving in very

satisfactory condition. It was expected, at first, that apples and pears

would constitute the exhibit, but a trial shipment convinced the

committee that it was perfectly feasible to send the finer fruits, and

this was continued as long as they were to be obtained.

In horticulture, Connecticut, after careful consideration, decided to

make only so much of the exhibit of living plants as was needed for the

decoration of the grounds around the Connecticut Building. This was done

apparently to the satisfaction of those interested in the fair and to

the pleasure of people who visited the exposition, for uniformly it was

spoken of as being one of the best planted and decorated grounds around

any State building.

The collection of the herbarium was most successful. The botanists of

the State gave a great deal of gratuitous labor that it might be

completed. It was exhibited on revolving screens, the first attempt ever

made to so exhibit the flora of a State. It was so arranged that every

specimen was readily available for examination and study. This exhibit,

after the close of the fair, was presented to Trinity College, Hartford,

at the request of the college authorities, they paying all expenses of

its return and agreeing to give it suitable location for exhibition in

their Natural Science Building, where it can be seen and studied by all

interested.

The parks and public grounds of the State were well represented by

photographs, as were also the private grounds. These photographs have

been returned to Hartford and are now stored in the capitol, awaiting

final disposition.

In school-garden work Connecticut was a leader, having one of the best

equipped school gardens in the country. Believing that a knowledge of

what this State has done in this work should be known and recognized at

the fair, a committee was created to arrange for a school garden and

conduct the same during the World's Fair, and their work was most

excellent.

GEORGIA.

_Members of Georgia commission_.--Governor J.M. Terrell, ex officio

chairman; O.B. Stevens, commissioner of agriculture; Col. Dudley M.

Hughes, commissioner-general; Glascock Barrett, assistant

commissioner-general; Hugh V. Washington, vice-commissioner-general; F.

B. Gordon, commissioner; H.H. Tift, commissioner. Advisory board: John

M. Egan, Col. P.A. Stovall, E.L. Rainey, I.P. Cocke, Dr. L.H.

Chappell, Harry Fisher, Oliver Porter, Dr. J.H. Turner, W.J. Kinkaid,

A.H. Shaver, W.J. Neal, Dr. T.H. Baker, McAlpine Thornton, James M.

Smith, Dr. J.F. Erwin, H.M. Franklin, E.B. Hook, Col. J.F. De Lacy,

W.S. Humphries, John A. Cobb, R.C. McIntosh, James B. Gaston.

Situated on one of the main avenues of the exposition, known as "The

Trail," and immediately north of Virginia and opposite Tennessee and

Ohio, was a replica of the home of the late Gen. John B. Gordon at

Kirkwood, near Atlanta, erected by the Georgia State commission as the

official headquarters of Georgia. The building was paid for by a fund

raised by public subscription, at an approximate cost of $16,000. The

house was furnished entirely with Georgian manufactures. The cost of

furnishing the building was approximately $3,000.

Although the appropriation made by the State of Georgia was only

$30,000, the amount was largely increased by popular subscription from

counties and cities. The $30,000 appropriated by the legislature was

designated as a basis for increasing the State's museum.

Owing to the lateness of the date that the work of preparing for the

exposition was begun--October, 1903--Georgia did not make so complete

and comprehensive an exhibit of her natural, educational, and

manufacturing advantages as she would otherwise have made.

In the Forestry, Fish, and Game, Georgia contributed a very fine

exhibit, at a cost of $3,500, of which much the larger part was composed

of Georgia pine. In this department there was a complete exhibit of

naval stores, beginning at the pine tree, showing in detail the

different methods of boxing, gathering the crude products, tools used,

distillation, turpentine, different grades of resin, and its different

by-products. This was donated by the Board of Trade of Savannah, Ga., at

an approximate cost of $2,000.

In the Agricultural Building, one of the most interesting exhibits

contributed by Georgia was that of the manufacture of the celebrated

Georgia cane sirup, which was demonstrated by two negro women serving

waffles and sirup from a miniature log cabin. Sirup and cabin and

expenses were donated by the Georgia Sirup Growers' Association, and

cost approximately $1,700. There was also a complete display of

sea-island cotton in bales and types, together with threads and the

various cloths manufactured from same, the cost of installation and

maintenance being $2,400.

Possibly the most interesting and complete exhibit made by Georgia at

the fair was the display of its cotton industry. This consisted of a

pyramid containing cotton-seed hulls, meal linters, crude oil,

surrounded by commercial packages of meal and hulls, refined oils and

lard compounds manufactured from cotton seed. The material and

maintenance cost $12,000. An exhibit of cotton products showing in

detail cotton seed, cotton on the stalk and in bales, cotton-seed oils,

crude and refined, and oil products, lard compounds, food cooked with

cotton-seed oils, and cotton-seed hulls and meals for cattle feeding

showed some of the many uses to which the cotton plant can be put. The

most interesting display in this connection was that of a fountain

flowing cotton-seed oil and surrounded by illuminated columns containing

manufactured products of oils, such as soaps, etc. This display cost

$10,000.

Georgia being to a certain extent a tobacco State, samples of the "weed"

indigenous to the State and said to be equal to the very best Cuba and

Sumatra tobaccos were shown in the raw leaf and in cases. The exhibit

cost approximately $2,900.

In the block immediately adjoining the cotton exhibit were displayed 86

commercial packages of forage grasses donated by farmers throughout the

State, valued at $500; an exhibit of the silk industry, valued at $400;

wheat, oats, field peas of seventy-odd varieties, rye, rice, barley,

flour, bran, peanuts, pecan nuts, corn meal, and all of the varied

agricultural exhibits. These were donated by farmers of Georgia. The

freight, installation, and care of them was provided by public

subscription. The cost of installation, freights, and care, including

the proper show cases and glass containers, which belonged to the State

museum, was estimated, in addition to the amounts enumerated above, at

$12,000. Besides the above items, nearly every city of importance made

appropriations to cover expenses of having prepared for distribution

books and pamphlets calling the attention of the public to the many

advantages of their several localities, at an estimated cost of $10,000.

Subsequently the Georgia commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition

donated the entire furnishings of the State building to the Georgia

Industrial Home at Macon, Ga., the only nonsectarian orphanage in the

State.

The resolution creating the appropriation for the installation and

exhibit of Georgia products, which was approved August 17, 1903,

provided--

That the sum of thirty thousand dollars should be appropriated,

to be expended in collecting and permanently preserving

specimens of minerals, granite, clays, kaolin, marble, iron, and

such other minerals and precious stones as may abound in or are

found within the State; to further collect specimens of the

field and forest, mills and mines, orchards and vineyards of

this State, and such other matters and things pertaining to the

character and the productiveness of the soils of Georgia; that

when the specimens aforesaid were collected they should be

deposited in the State museum, there to be safely kept and

displayed; and that the exhibit thus collected should be

displayed at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis,

Missouri.

IDAHO.

_Members of Idaho commission_.--Gov. J.T. Morrison; James E. Steele,

president; R.W. McBride, vice-president; Mrs. W.H. Mansfield, secretary;

Martin J. Wessels, Idaho section Forestry Building; Dr. Harold J. Read;

Clarence B. Hurtt, executive commissioner; Miss Anne Sonna; Miss

Genevieve Vollmer.

Idaho was represented by a State building and by exhibits in four of the

great exhibit palaces of the exposition. The building was situated upon

the elevated ground east of the Palace of Agriculture, and the

surroundings made it one of the most attractive spots of the exposition.

The Idaho Building was not big or imposing, but there were few State

buildings on the World's Fair grounds that excited more interest or

inquiry. The building was a bungalow with an open court, in which were

grass and bright flowers. The structure, which was 60 feet square, was

but 1 story high and contained ten rooms. The roof was of red tile and

the exterior of cream-colored staff. The interior finish served to show

the utility of Idaho woods for this particular use. Transparencies and

mounted photographs illustrated the vast forest resources of the State.

Around the court a row of heavy columns supported the overhanging roof,

and a wide cloister behind the columns, paved with brick, afforded a

charming resting place. At the close of the exposition the building was

sold to a citizen of Texas, who is to have it reerected on his ranch,

and it will still bear the name of "Idaho."

The exhibits of the State were shown in the departments of Education,

Mining, Agriculture, and Horticulture. The State appropriation for the

World's Fair was $25,000.

While not boasting a large acreage under cultivation, Idaho was a

competitor at the World's Fair with the best of her sisters in the

quality of her field products. The exhibit in the Palace of Agriculture

was impartially chosen and fairly represented all parts of the State

where agricultural interests have a foothold. In the exhibit were 47

varieties of wheat, 41 varieties of oats, 32 varieties of flax--the only

specimen of white flaxseed known to exist, from the farm of Alonzo

McWillis, of Rosetta, who received a gold medal for his exhibit. Wheat

was shown weighing 62 to 64 pounds to the bushel in comparison with the

standard of 60 pounds. Idaho barley weighs 53 to 54 pounds to the

bushel, while the standard is but 48. A bunch of alfalfa of the second

cutting was received early in October and was more than 6 feet high.

Displays of beans of many varieties, peas, corn, alfalfa, and clover

seed all indicated the resourcefulness of Idaho soil.

It was not practicable to show Idaho melons, strawberries, and small

fruits in fresh condition, but a display with a showy array of canned

fruits and dried fruits of favorite sorts attracted attention. Idaho

potatoes of the 5-pound class were a part of the exhibit, along with

turnips, carrots, parsnips, onions, and other vegetables. There was a

small showing also of popcorn, sweet corn, and the field varieties.

The effort to make a complete fruit exhibit on behalf of Idaho had its

justification in the wide advertising its fruit and agricultural lands

would receive from an effective presentation of the products of the many

fine orchards of the State. The exhibit contained many surprises, such

as the soft-shell almonds. Idaho's grape display was a surprise to many

of the States. In the exhibit were about a dozen varieties that are new

in this country, the vines of which were brought from Persia and other

eastern Mediterranean countries. Among these were the Hunisa, a dark

grape which is regarded as a distinct gain to the Pacific slope

grape-growing interests because of its fine flavor and sweetness and

good keeping qualities.

The educational exhibit was collected by Miss May Scott, State

superintendent of public instruction, installed at State expense, but

maintained at the personal expense of Mrs. S.M. Harris, of Silver City,

and Mrs. C.J. Johnson, of Pocatello. The Boise exhibit showed the work

of all grades, elementary, secondary, and high school pupils doing

themselves and the State credit in comparison with other States.

Lessons, drawings, photographs, and maps were displayed in 37 bound

volumes, besides 5 volumes of district school work and 33 card mounts of

lessons, embracing the 8 grades of the primary schools. Silver City

exhibited graded work from the first to eighth grades, inclusive, very

attractively mounted on cards. Credit is due the Weiser schools, also,

for all-around good work. The schools contributed to the general display

a fine collection of mounted cards in elementary work, and the

Industrial School sent a good display of the work in manual training,

including needlework and photographs of buildings. Moscow made a good

general display of school work, and particularly in composition and

writing. Every community was shown to be alive to the importance of

having good schools. A part of the space in the exhibit was devoted to

photographs of the University of Idaho, about which a great many

questions were asked. The work of the Mountainhouse School was

handsomely bound in a burnt-leather cover.

The Pocatello public school work was delayed and reached the exhibit so

late that it could not be judged. The display consisted of photographs

of the children and schoolhouses and the work of the schools from the

kindergarten to the high school. The Shoshone County exhibit was

displayed in 79 volumes, embracing the work from the first grade to the

high school work. A number of mounted cards of kindergarten work were

also shown. The Wallace schools were commended for several excellent

examples of map drawing contributed. Kendrick made a good display in 11

bound books. Coeur d'Alene sent a dozen volumes of bound work. Bonners

Ferry and Sandpoint contributed good work in a number of bound books and

photographs. Idaho County made a good display of raffia work and Indian

pictures, besides the school-work exhibit. The Albion State Normal

School made a large display of photographs showing the institution and

its equipment. Oro Fino sent a collection of drawings, and Council and

Harrison both made good displays of what their schools are doing to keep

up with the times. The work of the Lewiston schools, which would have

formed a conspicuous and very creditable part of the Idaho educational

display, was lost in transit.

The mineral exhibit of the State at the World's Fair at St. Louis

embraced specimens from every county and mining district. Hundreds of

mines contributed specimens of ore and they were all labeled and

displayed to the best advantage possible in the Idaho booth. The largest

specimens were huge nuggets of lead ore weighing several tons each,

almost pure lead, which occupied a central place in the exhibit and

served to draw attention to the vast collection of other mineral

specimens. Boise, the seat of government, was represented by specimens

of gold-bearing rhyolite from the granite slopes north of the city, as

well as by samples of fire clay of high quality; found partly within the

city limits. From the Black Hornet and Curlew Creek districts came

quartz specimens containing gold and silver. From Bear Creek were

cuttings from the dike formation of low-grade ores that may mean much to

Boise if they be profitably handled.

There were specimens of lead ores from Halley and Wood Rivet district,

where lead to the value of $20,000,000 has been taken out. These ores

run high in silver, and the revival of interest in the workings there is

a matter of comment. These specimens included some of the Minnie Moore

deposits, the most famous mine in Idaho's history, whose best ores show

70 per cent lead and 110 ounces of silver to the ton. A few specimens of

gold-bearing quartz from the Boise basin were shown, although these

deposits are but partly developed, more interest attaching to the placer

mining, which has produced a hundred million dollars' worth of gold in

the history of this region. The Pearl district contributed good

specimens of oxidized quartz and granite gangue, iron and arsenical

pyrites with zinc blend, and a showing of galena and copper sulphides.

Monaxite, a heavy yellow sand, the ore of thorium, is found here, and is

in considerable demand on account of the new discoveries in the radio

activity of certain minerals.

From the vicinity of Pocatello were fine specimens of copper and lead

ores having gold and silver veins, iron, and manganese oxide ores. These

came principally from the workings on Rabbit Creek, Pocatello Creek, and

the Hovey group. Coal specimens were shown from the vicinity of

Blackfoot and Idaho Falls. From Bear Lake County were ores carrying

copper, gold, and silver. Coal specimens were shown from the Goose Creek

Mountains and the ranges in the southern part of Cassia County. The

mines all about Silver City, the county seat and mining center, were

well represented. The South Mountain district, south of Silver City, was

represented by ores from some of the reopened mines which had been idle

for many years.

Ores from the Rocky Bar, Atlanta, Pine Grove, Black Warrior, Neal, Lime

Creek, and Dixie districts made a good representation for Elmore County,

which, on account of its nearness to Boise and railroad facilities, has

been better developed than many other parts of the State. The Yankee

Fork, Loon Creek, and Stanley basin districts of Custer County were all

contributors to the State exhibit of gold and silver ores. The

lead-silver ores of Custer County came from the Bayhorse, Squaw Creek,

Clayton, Poverty Flat, and Slate Creek districts. Copper ores from the

Big Lost River Valley were convincing proof of the richness of mines in

that newly developed part of the State. Fremont County sent specimens of

coal from the rich mines opened a year ago in the eastern part of the

county.

Shoshone County was represented by huge nuggets of lead-silver ore. Gold

ores from Shoshone County showed the wide distribution of the yellow

metal, which appears in every county in the State. Copper ores from

Shoshone County were an indication of future possibilities in copper

production in the State.

It was the earnest endeavor of the Commission to make the most of the

opportunities and the means at their disposal to give Idaho and her

resources a thorough advertisement. The press of the country was

interested in Idaho's development, with the result that hundreds of

articles have been printed about the State's large showing at the

exposition in the newspapers of all States. The large number of gold,

silver, and bronze medals awarded to the exhibitors bore evidence of the

success of the work.

ILLINOIS.

To Illinois belongs the distinction of having held the first and, until

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the greatest World's Fair. Naturally

the State of Illinois at that time had a more immediate pride in its

showing and spent a vastly greater sum to gather and shelter its

exhibits than it could afford for an exposition outside of its own

borders; but it is not the opinion of any that Illinois has been

outclassed in any respect at the World's Fair of 1904. With

comparatively a small appropriation, when the $800,000 appropriated by

Illinois in Chicago in 1893, or the $1,000,000 spent by Missouri, in St.

Louis is considered, Illinois has taken a leading part in the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition. It has not only furnished its large share of the

attractions, but it no doubt sent to the exposition the largest number

of visitors from any one State outside of Missouri.

Only exhibits of a public character were installed at the expense or

through the efforts of the commission. Private enterprises, many of

which took exhibits from this State, were not assisted at the expense of

the commission; but the State exhibits were gathered, prepared,

installed, and cared for wholly or in part at the expense of the State,

authorized by an act of the Forty-second general assembly in 1901, which

appropriated the sum of $250,000 for the purpose.

The law provided for the appointment of a commission of 15 members. The

members of this commission as originally appointed were:

Samuel Alschuler, C.F. Coleman, F.M. Blount, I.L. Ellwood, D.M. Funk,

Jos. P. Mahoney, J.N.C. Shumway, H.C. Beitler, C.C. Craig, H.M. Dunlap,

J.H. Farrell, J.H. Miller, P.T. Chapman, C.N. Travous, C.N. Rannals.

The commission organized by the election of officers, as follows:

President, H.M. Dunlap; vice-president, C.N. Travous; second

vice-president, J.P. Mahoney; treasurer, P.T. Chapman; secretary, John

J. Brown.

Of the members originally appointed the following afterwards resigned,

viz, I.L. Ellwood, P.T. Chapman, H.C. Beitler, C.N. Rannals, Samuel

Alschuler, F.M. Blount, and were succeeded by John H. Pierce, Albert

Campbell, Walter Warder, W.L. Mounts, T.K. Condit, William J. Moxley.

The advantage of nearness to the seat of the World's Fair which made

possible the great displays of Missouri was enjoyed and made use of

almost as fully by the sister State of Illinois. In every department of

the exposition the great resources of Illinois were shown.

The State House was, with possibly two exceptions, the most pretentious

of all the State buildings, and certainly its location was the most

commanding. From the intramural cars this great white structure, with

its generous verandas and its wealth of ornament, could be seen at

several points. It was not on the Plateau of States, but was the

important member of another State group on The Trail, directly west of

the Cascade Gardens. Across the way were the beautiful gardens of Japan,

and the Lincoln Museum was directly north.

The building was designed along the lines of the French renaissance, but

it was entirely modern in treatment. For instance, in the relief

ornament of frieze and cornice the fleur-de-lis was replaced by the ear

of corn motif. This was Illinois renaissance and was something more than

cut and dried ornament. It was symbolic of the State.

The two great statues that greeted the visitor were those of Lincoln and

Douglas. The grand central reception hall was done in tones of ivory,

green, and gold, with floor of tile. The medallion center of the tile

was the great seal of the State. At one side of the broad staircase was

a raised platform, on which stood a grand piano. The elevated apartment

served as a reception and music room.

Opening from the great hall were reading rooms, rest rooms, and the

office of the commission. On the floor above were the suites of

apartments for the governor, the commissioners, and the officers of the

building. The wives of the commissioners served as hostesses, each doing

the honors for a period of ten days at a time.

One of the most noteworthy features of the Illinois State Home was its

verandas. From these every part of the exposition grounds could be seen,

and the night view was especially glorious. The building was designed by

Illinois architects, erected by Illinois labor, and furnished, for the

most part, by Illinois firms. Hence it was really an expression of the

State it represented. Its cost was $90,000.

Aside from the State House, the most remarkable exhibits of the State

were those in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy and the Palace of

Agriculture. In the former there was abundant evidence that Illinois is

primarily a mining State, while the latter wholly contradicted this

notion. As a matter of fact, Illinois ranks second to Pennsylvania in

the production of coal, and its quarries yield a fine quality of both

sand and lime stone. The booth in the Palace of Mines contained the

largest block of soft coal ever removed from a mine. It was 6 by 7 by 8

feet in size and was hoisted 335 feet from the shaft. In the coal

exhibit there were specimens of the product of over 50 mines, with

chemical analyses showing their respective heating elements.

There was a large display of the clay industry of the State, including

bricks, tile, and pottery. In addition there were shown splendid

specimens of fluorspar, lead, and zinc.

In the Palace of Horticulture there was an extensive table exhibit of

fresh fruit, especially of apples and the more ephemeral fruits, such as

berries and plums. However, the best display of all was in the Palace of

Agriculture. In the cold-storage case in the dairy section were two

exceptionally good pieces of butter sculpture. They were the busts of

those two great Illinoisans--Lincoln and Grant.

The most striking feature of the great corn pavilion was an enormous

broom, that was typical both of the production of broom corn and of the

State's broom industry. In the corners were small ornamental booths made

entirely of the native woods of the State. One of these was used as an

office by the secretary. There were several excellent pictures made of

various grains. Among the grain pictures were three that were worthy to

stand together. They were President Lincoln, Governor Yates, and the

great seal of the State.

By far the largest and most significant part of the exhibit was the

collection of samples of corn planted, cultivated, and harvested by

boys. The League of Corn Growers numbered 8,000 members, and there were

1,100 prizes each year, the first being $500. Each boy submitted 10 ears

of corn from his own patch, together with an account of his experiences

and method. The prize winners attached their photographs to the little

pyramids of 10 ears of fine corn. For the farming industry of the State

it was felt that nothing could possibly be better than this annual

contest. The boy is taught to look upon the scientific cultivation of

the soil as something worthy his best effort. That in which he takes a

personal pride ceases to be drudgery. As a result of this corn contest

much of the danger that all the farmer boys will seek the great cities

may be averted, and it was felt that the great exposition should

encourage the boys in their worthy enterprise.

There were installed by the Illinois commission 14 separate and distinct

exhibits, including that of live stock. Each exhibit was in charge of a

superintendent and a committee of the commission.

As soon as the Illinois commission had been appointed the members of the

Illinois State Historical Society felt that the society should make an

exhibit. As the appropriation of $2,000 was small and the time brief for

the preparation of the exhibit, the trustee decided that no better and

more appropriate exhibit could be made than a manuscript and pictorial

life of Abraham Lincoln, these manuscripts and pictures to be arranged

so plainly that they could be understood and appreciated by all.

The plan of the exhibit was to utilize all the space possible, and as

this was the only exhibit in the Illinois Building it was made as

handsome in appearance as possible. Accordingly 16 large wall frames

handsomely labeled in gold letters were prepared. The labels read as

follows:

(1) Ancestry of Lincoln.

(2) Youth of Lincoln.

(3) Lincoln at New Salem.

(4) Lincoln as a Surveyor.

(5) Lincoln in the Black Hawk War.

(6) Lincoln as a Lawyer (two cases).

(7) Lincoln in Congress.

(8) Domestic Life of Lincoln.

(9) Lincoln and Douglas.

(10) Lincoln and Douglas Debates.

(11) Lincoln and the Foundation of the Republican Party.

(12) The Campaign of 1860.

(13) Lincoln in Washington, The Cabinet.

(14) The War of Rebellion.

(15) Assassination and Death.

The titles indicate the character of the contents.

The agricultural committee was organized, and the scope and character of

the exhibit to be made by Illinois was carefully considered.

It was determined to devote entire attention to the exploitation of

those products which can be grown most successfully and profitably

within the limits of this State. While the interests of Illinois were,

of course, always given the first consideration, such an exhibit was of

just as much interest and value to adjoining States, or, in fact, to any

countries of the Temperate Zone where similar conditions of climate and

soil exist as in the State of Illinois.

Accordingly it was determined to exploit the principal crop of the

State, which surpasses all other in value--that of corn.

It was also planned to exhibit choice specimens of wheat, oats, rye,

millet, sorghum, Kaffir corn, clover, broom corn, and other grains and

grasses, and did exhibit those varieties that can best be raised in the

different sections of the State. The grains were shown both in the sheaf

and thrashed. There were collected over one hundred varieties of native

woods from different sections of the State.

The installation and exhibit was completed early in May, soon after the

fair opened, except the soil exhibit, which was not finished in all its

details until about a month later. A company of Chicago donated to the

committee an assortment of some thirty new by-products of corn, which

have been manufactured by them in the last few years, including

different varieties of glucose, starch, proteins, and different

varieties of sugar, rubber, dextrine, corn oils, sirups, etc., which

were exhibited in large jars arranged in the form of a pyramid. The

entire agricultural exhibit covered 10,000 square feet of space.

During the fair additions were made from time to time as the season

progressed, and specimens of grains and corn from the crop of 1904 were

added.

The exhibit as completed showed the variety and character of Illinois

soil and also showed the elements which they contain and which they lack

in various portions of the State. The proper treatment, cultivation, and

fertilization necessary to bring each kind of soil to the standard and

keep it there; the products that could be raised to best advantage on

these soils; the method of raising them, and the appearance and

characteristics of these crops at various stages of their growth; the

best seed to plant, and, finally, the grown and ripened products and the

various articles manufactured therefrom, and the uses to which they

could most successfully and profitably be put. Attendants were engaged

who were able to fully explain the various features of the exhibit, and

as there were so many things that had never been exhibited or shown

anywhere before the exhibit appealed strongly to those interested in

farming.

And in this connection it might be stated that thousands of

schoolteachers from every State came to the Illinois section to study

corn in a more scientific manner than they had ever studied it before.

This was especially true of the teachers of the East and South.

There was no effort made to collect every known grain or grass or seed

that grows upon the farm, but to display such products as were

considered most valuable to the different sections of the State. Only

the leading standard varieties were installed and such valuable

varieties were exhibited in such proportion and in such profusion as to

demonstrate their value in different sections of the State. Large

displays of wheat, oats, grasses, and grains of all kinds, in sheaf and

thrashed, were exhibited, and it was intended to show both the growth of

the root and the stalk, as well as the grain. As an example, more than

thirty varieties of oats were exhibited, showing root growth, stalk

growth, size and length of head, and beside each variety was 1 peck of

the oats thrashed.

In one corner of our exhibit was erected a triangle of grain pictures,

three in number, each 8 by 10 feet, and made entirely of seeds. One

picture was that of Abraham Lincoln, another Governor Richard Yates, and

a third represented the State seal.

Upon seven large tables were displayed more than 500 glass bottles of

seeds, ranging from 8 ounces to 1 gallon each.

But the feature of the agricultural display that attracted more

attention than anything else was the immense display of corn grown by

the farmer boys of Illinois. The commission from the very start

determined to make this display by the farmer boys a strong feature of

the exhibit, and how well their efforts were rewarded is now known by

millions of people who visited the Agricultural Building. The

superintendent solicited special premiums to the amount of $3,500.

Circulars describing the farmers boys' corn contest were placed in the

hands of 120,000 farmer boys in Illinois. Eight thousand entered the

contest.

Above the two vast pyramids of white and yellow corn, each 20 by 30

feet, was a handsome banner inscribed "Grown by the farmer boys of

Illinois."

One of the most attractive and interesting sections of the dairy exhibit

was that installed by the Illinois commission. The statuary in this

exhibit consisted of a full-length ideal statue representing "Illinois,"

holding the shield of State with one hand, while the other grasps the

shaft holding the streamer reading "Illinois" in large, clear, golden

letters. On either side of this figure were large busts of Lincoln and

Grant. These busts and the full-length figure were made of pure Illinois

creamery butter.

The background for the statuary was arranged with the banner won by the

Illinois creameries and two large United States flags, which were in

keeping with the historical character of the two men represented.

At the sides and in front heavy draperies separated the statuary from

the commercial exhibits, which consisted of print butter from the Elgin

district and from the University of Illinois, arranged in various

designs; also samples of condensed milk, malted milk, and evaporated

cream.

There were also jars with samples showing the amounts of water, butter

fat, casein, albumen, and other ingredients entering into the

composition of a 30-pound tub of butter.

Tables showing the value of the great dairy industry of Illinois, the

production of butter and cheese in the Elgin district, the butter and

cheese market of Chicago, and large photographs portraying typical

Illinois dairy cows and Illinois creameries and the condensing plants

occupied prominent positions among the exhibits. Several bulletins from

the University of Illinois agricultural experiment station, showing the

importance of clean milk and pure butter and other information of value

to dairymen, were distributed from the superintendent's desk. The cheese

exhibited consisted of samples made by students at the University of

Illinois, and a large collection installed by M. Uhlmann & Co., of

Chicago, occupied a space in the cheese case directly opposite the

butter exhibit.

The refrigerator which contained these exhibits had a glass front formed

of three thicknesses of plate glass, with air spaces between. The

temperature inside the case was kept close to the freezing point by an

ice-making machine in constant operation.

The Illinois commission set apart $15,000 to make a duplication as far

as possible of premiums won by the breeders of live stock exhibited in

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, less than $1,000 of which was

reserved to provide for the necessary expenses incident to printing,

allotting, and distributing the said prize fund.

The live stock from the State of Illinois won one-twentieth of the

entire premiums offered by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

Five thousand square feet of space was secured in the Palace of

Horticulture at the exposition for the exhibit and installation and

fixtures placed thereon prior to the opening of the exposition, May 1,

1904, upon which date the exhibit was put in place and maintained with

apples from storage of 1903 crop until the crop of 1904 began to mature

about June 1. From this latter date fruits of all kinds were supplied as

they matured during the period of the exposition. Among the most popular

varieties of apples exhibited were: For early apples--Yellow

Transparent, Red June, Benoni, Wealthy, Duchess, Maiden Blush. For fall

or early winter--Grimes Golden and Jonathan. Winter varieties--Wine Sap,

Willow Twig, Rome Beauty, Ben Davis. Peaches--Reeves, Elberta, Diamond.

Pears--Bartlett, Tyson, Sechel, Duchess.

_Mines and metallurgy exhibit._--The mines and metallurgy exhibit

covered a space 25 by 75 feet facing on two of the main aisles near the

southeast entrance to the Mines and Metallurgy Building.

The installation was uniform with that of the other exhibits of the

State. The object of the exhibit was to show particularly the mineral

and to some extent the mineral industries.

The most important branch of production, according to its value, was

that of coal. After this came the various materials used in the

manufacture of brick and ceramics.

The building stone, although limited to a few varieties of limestone and

sandstone, was of great importance, as was also some stone and gravel

used for road material, railroad ballast, concrete, and flux for iron

reduction.

The exhibit of coal consisted of a series of large blocks intended to

show the character and thickness of the veins; the largest block,

weighing 15 tons, is the largest single piece ever hoisted from a mine.

There are 11 of these blocks from different mines, ranging from the

largest down to one block of 1 ton.

In clay products the importance of the industry could only be shown by

statistics, as common brick, which is made all over the State in such a

uniform character, are so well known that exhibits are not necessary.

Neither the geology nor topography offer many opportunities for the

development of stone quarries, but such stone as is extensively used was

displayed. The limestones of the Silurian series are the principal

sources of supply, the quarries about Joliet being among the largest in

the United States. The limestone is generally used in the form of rubble

or rock-faced ashler.

The exhibit at the United States Fish Commission Building was in the

large aquarium situated in the southeast corner of the building and the

two smaller aquaria immediately adjoining on the right and left.

In the large aquarium the commissioners decided to show the commercial

fishes of the State--that is, such fishes as were commonly used for

shipping and found in greatest abundance, namely, the carp, buffalo, the

coarser catfishes, and dogfish. The dogfish in the last few years has

become a very important factor in the food supply, having been

previously thrown away as worthless, but is now extensively used by a

class of people in the larger cities and sold alive under the name of

grass bass. In this aquarium has been carried, for a period of seven

months, perhaps the largest amount in weight ever carried in an aquarium

for that length of time with so small a percentage of loss.

In the smaller aquaria were shown the game fish of the State, a list of

which comprises the black bass, crappie, sunfishes, yellow perch, white

perch, warmouth bass, and the two varieties of striped bass.

These aquaria have attracted a great deal of attention, particularly

among those who were interested in the subject of fish propagation and

distribution, and gave people a better idea of what Illinois produced

than could have been obtained by any other method.

The exhibits of the common schools and the five State normal schools

were installed under the direction of the State superintendent of public

instruction. The material of the exhibits was furnished, except that

from the normal schools, by the school districts, without expense to the

commission, and in substantial conformity to the following suggestions,

sent to the schools about November 1, 1903:

_Classification of schools._--Group 1. Elementary education.--Class 1.

Country schools. Class 2. Semigraded schools. Class 3. Graded schools.

Group 2. Secondary education.--Class 4. High schools. Class 5. Normal

schools.

Under this classification it is desired to exhibit: (1) Legislation,

organization, general statistics; (2) buildings, photographs, plans,

models; (3) administrative methods; (4) results obtained by methods of

instruction.

The educational exhibit of the university of Illinois occupied a space

30 by 45 feet, or an area of 1,290 square feet, open upon an aisle on

its long dimension. Against the back and the two side walls were

glass-inclosed cases 7 feet high, and above these were many enlarged

photographs in frames, showing the main buildings, views of the campus,

etc., together with numerous pictures from the department of art and

design, also a set of finely colored plates of the food and game fish of

Illinois. Other cases occupied a part of the central area of the space,

with room for seats and a writing table.

The exhibits were classified according to general subjects illustrative

of the equipment and work of the colleges of the university from which

they came. An attendant was on hand to supply published documents and

information to visitors.

The exhibit of the college of science contained diagrams and photographs

and a set of bound volumes of the contributions to science published by

the members of the college faculty, but was otherwise almost wholly

illustrative of the work of only one of its eight departments, that of

chemistry, and in this it was confined to the results of two line of

investigation, which have for some years been closely associated with

the work of the department; first, a study of the chemical composition

and heating value of the coals of the State, and, second, a sanitary

survey of Illinois waters. The importance of the first is emphasized by

the fact that Illinois ranks second among American States in tonnage

output, with a valuation in the aggregate of $35,000,000 annually.

The agricultural portion of the university exhibit was designed to show

the comparative produce of Illinois soils expressed in terms of both

crops and animal products. The yields shown were of corn, wheat, oats,

beans, potatoes, apples, tomatoes, milk, butter, cheese, port, mutton,

and beef.

The actual amount of corn, wheat, apples, and other crops shown was the

normal yield of one-hundredth of an acre of standard fertile soil of

Illinois. The milk shown was the amount that should be produced from the

same amount of land when growing crops suitable for milk production, and

the butter and cheese shown were such as could be made from this milk.

A mounted steer, which when living weighed 750 pounds, represented the

amount of beef that should be produced from an acre of soil in one year.

The same land would produce 10 such sheep as shown, weighing in all

1,100 pounds, or 100 pigs like the roaster shown, or their equivalent,

with a total weight of 1,400 pounds.

Incidentally the work in soil improvement was shown by a number of

yields from soils naturally deficient in fertility, taken both before

and after treatment, and thus showing the benefit of intelligent methods

of soil restoration.

The articles contributed by the College of Engineering were arranged in

an alcove, partly inclosed by cases of books and for folding frames, on

which were placed photographs and diagrams mounted on large cards. A

larger case contained the more bulky specimens of the work of students

in the engineering shops. Above these cases were placed on the walls

enlarged views and some original designs by architectural students.

A large series of good photographs arranged for convenient examination

presented views of all buildings occupied by the College of Engineering,

especially of their interiors, showing class and drawing-rooms, shops

and laboratories, incidentally illustrating much of the equipment of

machines and apparatus. A series of large diagrams and tables afforded

full information concerning the very remarkable increase in the number

of students in attendance during recent years.

The exhibit of the College of Medicine consisted of a large series of

normal and pathological specimens and dexterously executed dissections

of various portions of the human body. These were mounted so as to show

to best advantage the special peculiarities in each case and so as to

secure permanent preservation.

_Closing up_.--The closing up of the business of the commission, the

sale of the building, furniture, and exhibits involved considerable

work. The commission on two separate occasions advertised the building

and furniture for sale, advertisements to that effect appearing in the

St. Louis, Chicago, and Springfield papers. Opportunity was given for

the people to bid for the building and furnishings as a whole, for them

separately, or for any part. About sixty separate bids were received,

some for one article only, many for a few pieces of furniture, and a

very few for the building or furniture as a whole. Four bids were

received for the building, viz, $200, $500, $750, and $1,000, the bids

on the building including a provision that all debris from the wrecking

of same should be removed and the ground cleared and left as it was

originally, all of which involved considerable expense. The bid of the

Southern Illinois Construction Company, of East St. Louis, was the

highest, including building, furniture, and furnishings, and amounted to

$4,250. This bid was accepted. Articles in other exhibits not included

were afterwards disposed of and are included in the financial statement,

bringing the amount of salvage to over $5,000. This amount seemed small,

but was in line with the results of all expositions. At Chicago, with a

net appropriation of $662,000 and with a building and furnishings

costing $277,000, the total amount realized from the sale of buildings

and furnishings was $3,926.50. At Omaha and Buffalo the amounts realized

were less than $1,000.

INDIANA.

On March 9, 1903, the legislature of the State of Indiana appropriated

the sum of $150,000 for the necessary expenses of the participation of

Indiana at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. At the same time the

governor of the State was authorized and directed to appoint a

commission of fifteen persons, not more than nine of whom were to be of

the same political party.

Newton W. Gilbert, president; Henry W. Marshall, vice-president; James

W. Cockrum, secretary; A.C. Alexander, assistant secretary; W.W.

Wicks, W.W. Stevens, W.H. O'Brien, Crawford Fairbanks, D.W. Kinsey,

N.A. Gladding, Frank C. Ball, C.C. Shirley, Fremont Goodwine, Joseph

B. Grass, Stephen B. Fleming, Melville W. Mix.

The State made altogether seventeen exhibits in the various exhibit

palaces, the total value of which was approximately $60,000. The

exhibits consisted of needlework and lace work in the Manufactures

Building, decorated china in the Varied Industries Building, coal and

stone exhibits in the Mines and Metallurgy Building, horticultural

exhibit in the Horticultural Building, special corn and dairy exhibits

in the Agriculture Building, and general educational, library, college,

State board of health, juvenile courts, department of inspection, school

for feeble-minded youths, and State board of charities exhibits in the

Educational Palace.

The Indiana Building at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was located in

the center of the State group, on one of the most artistic spots within

the exposition grounds. It was designed in the spirit of the French

renaissance, and was intended to be a resting place for all visitors to

meet friends and enjoy social and musical entertainments.

The building was surrounded by a broad terrace, with balustrade

embellished with flowers and pedestals supporting vases with flowers and

vines. The approach was through a spacious portico, on either side of

which were candelabra of monumental character. A large lounging hall, 30

by 58, was furnished with heavy leather upholstered furniture. On either

side were men's and women's resting rooms, 19 by 37, back of which were

commodious toilet and retiring rooms. The toilet rooms had tile floors

and walls and partitions made of "novus" sanitary glass, manufactured at

Alexandria, Ind. The resting rooms were wainscoted 7 feet high with

paneled oak, and were luxuriously furnished with rugs, upholstered

furniture, and each was furnished with an upright piano.

In connection with the lounging hall were a secretary's office, a

post-office, check room, registry desk, and bureau of information. The

broad, spacious stairway in the center led to a landing with Corinthian

columns supporting an art-glass dome.

Midway was a large landing and on either side were wide stairs leading

to the floor above. This landing merged into a large music room, 25 by

50, superbly furnished with oriental rugs, Louis XIV furniture, and

containing two grand pianos.

The art-glass decorations throughout the building and in the dome

represented a material whose quality is said to be unexcelled in the

world.

On the second floor was a large library, or reading room, in which were

kept on file all the State newspapers and magazines; also all the

principal daily papers and monthly magazines.

At one end of the building was the governor's reception room; at the

other, the commissioners' reception room and private office. In

connection with this latter was the art and literary department of the

State, which contained copies of books by prominent Indiana authors and

original manuscripts and drawings. The paintings which adorned the walls

of the building were the product of Indiana genius. Her artists were

lavish of their time and thought in contributing to the effect sought.

The color scheme of the building was the result of educated taste.

The electric lighting was a special feature. A multitude of

4-candlepower lamps were used, distributed on the ceiling in pleasant

form, that harmonized the decorative plaster panels. The woodwork

throughout the building was stained and finished in bog oak. Most of the

furniture was of the Mission style, stained to suit the interior finish.

The building was furnished and decorated luxuriously and in a quiet

character, making an interior that offered comfort and quiet environment

to the weary visitor. At the very beginning it was determined that this

building and the things associated with it and housed in it should speak

the culture and artistic development of Indiana life, and so it has

gathered within its walls the best offerings of literature and art--the

trophies of civilization.

INDIAN TERRITORY.

_Members of Indian Territory commission_.--Thomas Ryan, chairman; F.C.

Hubbard, executive commissioner; H.B. Johnson, honorary commissioner;

A.J. Brown, honorary commissioner; W.L. McWilliams; H.B. Spaulding;

J.E. Campbell; J.J. McAlester; William Busby; Miss Olive Blentlinger,

clerk.

A fund of $50,000 was expended for the Indian Territory participation in

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Of this amount, $25,000 was

appropriated by Congress and $25,000 was raised by popular subscription

in the Territory. The expenditure, according to the provisions of the

Congressional appropriation, was made under the direction of the

Secretary of the Interior. It was the purpose of the commission to make

the Indian Territory exhibit one that would primarily set forth the

actual condition that existed in the Territory and to advertise the

developments and resources of the same in a comprehensive manner. The

same general lines that were adopted by other States and Territories in

similar work were followed as closely as practicable.

Because of its limited funds the Territorial commission deemed it

advisable to make exhibits only in the following departments: In the

Mines and Metallurgy Building were displayed the coke and coal, marble,

granite, and oil exhibits. The corn and cotton exhibits were shown in

the Palace of Agriculture. In the Horticultural Building exhibits of the

orchards and gardens of Indian Territory were maintained, and all other

exhibits, such as educational, photographic, mineral specimens, etc.,

were installed in the Indian Territory Building.

The Indian Territory Building was completed and exhibits installed on

the opening day of the exposition, April 30, 1904. It was located on a

beautiful site in the Plateau of States, near the southeast entrance to

the grounds. The building was a two-story colonial structure, 109 by 72

feet. The first floor contained, besides the large lobby room, two

exhibit rooms. In one of these rooms was displayed the art and

educational exhibit; in the other the photographic exhibit. These two

exhibits--one setting forth the artistic, the other the commercial

development of the residents of the Indian Territory--went far toward

dispelling the somewhat prevalent idea that the Indian Territory is a

wilderness, where progress and civilization are unknown.

In the art and educational room were displayed many beautiful paintings,

studies, laces, fine needle and bead work, and industrial work, all the

products of Indian Territory students and residents. In the photographic

room were arranged 500 large photographs suitably framed and mounted,

taken from all parts of Indian Territory, and representing the actual

status and present commercial condition in the Indian Territory.

In the main lobby on the first floor of the Territory Building were

displayed the collections of old Indian pottery, beadwork, etc. These

collections belong to J.E. Campbell, of the Cherokee Nation; Mr. and

Mrs. J.S. Murrow, of the Choctaw Nation; Mr. Thomas P. Smith and Miss

Alice M. Robertson, of the Creek Nation, and were all especially fine

and very valuable, many of the articles being more than a hundred years

old and representing in the highest type the work of the old Indians.

The paintings of Jefferson and his descendants, the work of Mrs.

Narcissa Owen, of the Cherokee Nation, as well as the tapestries by the

same artist, were admired by the many thousands who visited the

Territory pavilion. Mention should be made also of the 100 wild flowers

of the Indian Territory, mounted and framed, the collection of Mr. J.B.

Bushyhead, of the Cherokee Nation.

The second floor of the Territory Building contained a large reception

hall, ladies' parlors and resting rooms, and the offices of the

executive commissioner. An especially attractive feature about the

pavilion were the large stair landing and the five big windows, two

transparencies being set in each and representing typical scenes from

the Territory.

The Indian Territory was also represented in three of the exhibit

palaces of the exposition, maintaining booths in the Palace of Mines and

Metallurgy, the Palace of Horticulture, and the Palace of Agriculture.

The coal fields of the Indian Territory, especially in the Choctaw

Nation, have for years been operated successfully, and within the past

two years the development of the coal industry has been immense.

Petroleum is also found in many parts of the Indian Territory. This

industry, though new, is developing into gigantic proportions. Hundreds

of wells are going down in both the Bartlesville and Muskogee fields,

and the majority of those already opened are good producers. The crude

oil in the Bartlesville field is in grade about the same as the Kansas

oil, while the grade of the Muskogee field is somewhat better.

Railroads, pipe lines, and refineries are being built for handling this

product, which promises to be in such abundant supply. In the Indian

Territory booth in the Mines and Metallurgy Building were shown many

samples of Indian Territory coals and oils. Beside the four large cubes

of the four separate grades of bituminous coal found in the Territory,

there were arranged cases of the finest samples of egg coal, nut coal,

and pea coal, and pyramids of coal and coke were erected. Samples of the

oil from 27 flowing wells, together with samples of the oil sands, were

arranged in glass and formed the background of the booth. Cubes of the

Chickasha granite and the Cherokee marble and many blocks of building

stone, filtering rock, colite, etc., were shown in this booth. A large

relief map, costing more than $2,000, of the Choctaw coal fields and

many pictures and plates of the top works of coal mines, oil wells, and

asphaltum works were attractively placed in this booth.

A comprehensive display of the corn and cotton products of the Indian

Territory was made in the two booths maintained in the Palace of

Agriculture. The Indian Territory is particularly a cotton country. No

finer staple is sold on the Liverpool market than that which grows in

the bottoms along the Arkansas, Verdigris, Canadian, Washita, and Red

rivers. Corn, wheat, oats, rye, and, in fact, all grains and products

that flourish in such States as Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois do equally

well in Indian Territory. With practically an unvarying temperature and

abundant rainfall the "Indian lands" will, within a few years, be

converted into agricultural domains rich and beautiful.

Though not the largest, one of the very prettiest displays in the Palace

of Horticulture was that of the Indian Territory. Occupying the very

center circular space in the building, this booth was kept constantly

supplied with Indian Territory products of the orchard and flower

gardens. Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, and plums seem to grow to

perfection in the Indian Territory, and the many thousands who saw the

fruit display at the exposition can attest the fact that wonderful are

the products from Indian Territory orchards and gardens.

KANSAS.

The legislature of the State of Kansas in 1901 appropriated the sum of

$75,000 for the purpose of having the State represented at the Louisiana

Purchase Exposition. Subsequently, in March, 1903, a second

appropriation of $100,000 was made. There were no subscriptions of any

kind for this purpose.

In 1901 the governor of Kansas appointed the following-named gentlemen

as commissioners:

John C. Carpenter, president; J.C. Morrow, vice-president; R.T. Simons,

treasurer; C.H. Luling, secretary; W.P. Waggener, commissioner.

Kansas made exhibits in the Agriculture, Horticulture, Education, and

Social Economy buildings and in the Dairy Department. The State also

made large exhibits in live stock of horses, cattle, swine, sheep, and

poultry.

In the Agricultural Palace the corn steer, corn eagles, corn Indian, and

several other striking features of installation, made exclusively of

agricultural products, were greatly admired and favorably commented

upon. In this department a grand prize was given to the State.

Although known principally as an agricultural State, the exhibit made by

Kansas in the Mines and Metallurgy palaces was such as to astonish all

who saw it. Besides its other large and varied resources and fine

installation of lead, zinc, coal, salt, gypsum, stone, shale for

manufacture of brick, cement, etc., Kansas is known as one of the

greatest oil and gas fields in the United States.

The floor space assigned to the Kansas educational exhibit in the

Educational Building was 45 by 30 feet. The walls were 15 feet high,

thus giving for display purposes a surface of 2,100 square feet in

addition to the floor space. All the wall space was used to show drawing

maps, charts, photographs, and work in manual training. Thirty cabinet

cases were used to exhibit miscellaneous work, mainly in drawing,

kindergarten, sewing, and in photographic representations of various

kinds.

The total cost of the booth was about $1,230, and of the furnishings

about $600. The transportation of the educational exhibits cost

approximately $100. The total cost of the educational exhibit in the

Kansas booth was about $6,000.

In the Kansas school exhibits the work of the common schools was made

conspicuous. There were on the tables in the booths between three and

four hundred bound volumes of written work, comprising spelling,

writing, composition, arithmetic, geography, grammar, United States

history, map drawing, kindergarten. But while the work of the elementary

schools was given the most important place in the Kansas exhibit, higher

education was kept well in the foreground. The University of Kansas

effectively showed its work through 50 large framed photographs in which

all the buildings and many of the class rooms made the work of the

institution visible to all.

There was work of some kind from 104 cities and about 400 country

districts. The exhibits from many of the smaller cities did not appear

separately on the catalogues, because they were included in county

displays.

The Kansas Pavilion in the Agricultural Palace occupied a space 92 by 62

feet on the main aisle, near the center of the building. On each side

were pillars 16 feet high decorated with ears of corn and corn husks.

Upon each of these rested a Grecian vase made of corn husks and

festooned with rosettes and garlands of corn husks, the whole being very

attractive.

Standing at the main entrance, between the two high corn columns, were

two eagles with wings spread for flight--one made of corn husks and

kernels of corn, the other made of wheat straw and kernels of corn. They

were the work of an artist.