=Grant, Ulysses S.=, portrait, p. 375;
biographical note, p. 373 n.;
takes Cairo, 476;
takes Fort Donelson, 477;
complaints against, 477;
at Shiloh, 478, p. 378 n. 2;
at Vicksburg, 514-517;
at Chattanooga, 520, 521;
general in chief, 522;
his strategy, 530;
in Virginia, 531-533;
receives surrender of Lee, 551;
elected President, 580;
re-elected, 588;
political difficulties, 590;
later life, p. 468 n.
=Grasse, Commodore de=, aids in the Yorktown campaign, 231.
=Gray, Robert=, discovers the Columbia River, 323.
=Great Britain=, makes peace with America, 234, 235;
and the Monroe Doctrine, 326;
and the Oregon question, 376, 586;
attitude of, in the Civil War, 464, 472, 473, 502, 510, 511;
and the Venezuelan dispute, 651.
=Greeley, Horace=, portrait p. 462, 588;
biographical note, p. 462 n.;
editorial on emancipation, 501;
opposes Lincoln’s policy, 501, 542;
nominated for the Presidency, 588.
=Greenback party=, 596.
=Greene, Gen. Nathanael=, portrait p. 115, 154;
biographical note, p. 115 n. 1;
at the Brandywine, 186;
at Germantown, 187;
recommended by Washington for command in the South, 214;
given command in the South, 223;
recovers the South, 228.
=Greenland=, discovered by the Scandinavians, 4.
=Grenville, Lord=, his scheme of taxation, 125.
=Guam=, Caroline Islands, ceded by Spain to the United States, 671;
territorial government established, 676.
=Guilford Court House=, battle of, 227.
=Habeas Corpus, Writ of=, suspended by Andros, 59;
in Virginia, 95;
secured by Ordinance of 1787, 256;
suspended by Lincoln, 512.
=Halleck, Gen. Henry W.=, portrait p. 398, 503;
biographical note, p. 398 n. 1;
supersedes Frémont in Missouri, 471;
in command in the West, 476;
complains of Grant, 477;
general in chief, 503;
superseded by Grant, 522.
=Hamilton, Alexander=, portrait p. 182, 246;
biographical note, p. 182 n.;
at Yorktown, 233;
in the Constitutional Convention, 246;
leader of the Federalists, 267;
opposed to Jefferson, 268;
intrigues for Pinckney, 275;
supports Jefferson for the Presidency, 281;
duel with Burr, and death, 289.
=Hamilton, Colonel=, British commander at Detroit, 208;
surrenders to George Rogers Clark, 209.
=Hancock, John=, portrait p. 104, 141;
biographical note, p. 103 n.;
first president of the Continental Congress, 192.
=Hancock, Gen. W. S.=, portrait p. 477, 607;
biographical note, p. 477 n.;
nominated for the Presidency, 607.
=Harper’s Ferry=, scene of John Brown’s raid, 432;
taken by Stonewall Jackson, 505.
=Harrison, Benjamin=, portrait p. 496, 630;
biographical note, p. 493 n. 1;
elected President, 628;
character of his administration, 629;
defeated by Cleveland, 643.
=Harrison, Gen. William Henry=, portrait p. 290, 371;
biographical note, p. 290 n.;
at Tippecanoe, 299;
wins battle of the Thames, 305;
candidate for the Presidency in 1836, 368;
elected President in 1840, 371;
death of, 372.
=Hartford Convention=, 315.
=Harvard, John=, founds university at Cambridge, 46.
=Harvey, Sir John=, royal governor of Virginia, 28, p. 29 n. 1.
=Haverhill, Mass.=, sacked by French and Indians, 101.
=Hawaii=, revolution in, 650;
annexation of, 672;
territorial government established, 676.
=Hawthorne, Nathaniel=, 350.
=Hayes, Rutherford B.=, portrait p. 470, 598;
biographical note, p. 469 n.;
nominated for the Presidency, 597;
dispute over election, 598;
character and events of his administration, 600-605;
supports Civil Service reform, p. 473 n.
=Hayne, Robert Y.=, portrait p. 276, 355;
biographical note, p. 276 n.;
debate with Webster, 355.
=Hay-Pauncefote Treaty=, 680.
=Helper, H. R.=, author of _The Impending Crisis of the South_, 422.
=Hendricks, Thomas A.=, 597, 619, p. 490 n.
=Henry, Fort=, building of, 461, 476;
fall of, 477.
=Henry, Patrick=, portrait p. 96, 129;
biographical note, p. 94 n. 2;
opposes Stamp Act, 127;
opposes the Constitutional Convention, 246, 254.
=Herkimer, Gen. Nicholas=, at Oriskany, 182, p. 140 n. 1.
=Hessians=, 152, 169, 174, 179.
=Hobart, Garret A.=, 655 (p. 513).
=Hobson, Lieut. R. P.=, at Santiago, 668.
=Holy Alliance=, 325.
=Hood, Gen. J. B.=, (C.), portrait p. 428, 536;
biographical note, p. 427 n. 3;
supersedes Johnston, 535;
at Nashville, 536.
=Hooker, Gen. Joseph=, (U.), portrait p. 415, 523;
biographical note, p. 414 n. 2;
at Williamsburg, 492;
at Fredericksburg, 506;
succeeds Burnside, 506;
at Chattanooga, 519-521;
at Chancellorsville, 523;
superseded by Meade, 524.
=Hooker, Rev. Thomas=, framer of the Connecticut Constitution, 51;
his writings, 84.
=Horseshoe=, battle of the, 307.
=Houston, Gen. Samuel=, portrait p. 293, 374;
biographical note, p. 293 n.;
Texan leader, 374.
=Howe, Admiral Lord=, reënforces General Howe, 153;
at Newport, 197.
=Howe, Elias=, 449.
=Howe, Gen. William=, portrait p. 110, 147;
biographical note, p. 110 n.;
at Bunker Hill, 147;
in command of British forces, 147;
evacuates Boston, 150;
in New York, 154;
in New Jersey, 168, 169;
fails to support Burgoyne, 183;
moves on Philadelphia, 185-187;
succeeded by Clinton, 195.
=Hudson, Henry=, portrait p. 30, 29;
biographical note, p. 29 n. 2;
discovers Hudson River, 29.
=Huguenots=, persecuted in France, 15;
found colony in Florida, 15;
their colony destroyed, 15;
in New Netherlands, 62;
in North Carolina, 76.
=Hull, Captain Isaac=, portrait p. 231, 304;
biographical note, p. 230 n. 2;
his victory over the _Guerrière_, 304.
=Hull, Gen. William=, surrenders Detroit, 302.
=Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne=, 48.
=Hutchinson, Governor=, portrait p. 98, 132;
biographical note, p. 98 n.;
withdraws troops from Boston, 132.
=Iberville.= See _Le Moyne_.
=Illinois=, admitted, 329.
=Immigration=, to West, 346;
Chinese, 603, 624, p. 491 n.;
1830–1900, 704.
=Impeachment=, of Justice Chase, 291;
of President Johnson, 579;
of Belknap, 590.
=Imperialism=, opposition to, 675.
=Impressment=, of American sailors, 272, 292, 312.
=Income tax=, exacted in Civil War, 457;
defeated, 649.
=Independent Treasury system=, established, 369.
=Indians=, early tribes, 1-3;
origin of name, 2, 7;
in New York, 98;
allied with French, 101-114;
reservations of, 116, p. 274 n., p. 289 n.;
during the Revolution, 182, 202-207;
defeated by Wayne, 270;
in War of 1812, 302, 305.
=Indian Territory=, transfer of tribes to, p. 274 n.
=Industrial disturbances.= See _Strikes_.
=Industries=, growth of, during War of 1812, 316;
during Civil War, 454, 529;
in the South, 617;
suspended during panic of 1803, 645;
magnitude of, in the United States, 702.
=Internal improvements=, by the States, 317, 318, 364;
Calhoun’s attitude toward, 318, 338;
Madison’s attitude toward, 318;
favored by John Quincy Adams, 338;
liberality of the Fifty-first Congress toward, 637.
=Internal revenue.= See _Revenue_.
=International Copyright Law=, passed, 643.
=Interstate Commerce Act=, 623.
=Inventions=, 449, 709.
=Iroquois Indians=, 3.
=Irving, Washington=, 350.
=Italy=, difficulty with, 639.
=Jackson, Andrew=, portrait p. 238, 311;
biographical note, p. 238 n.;
at battle of the Horseshoe, 307;
at New Orleans, 311;
invades Florida, 324, p. 248 n. 2;
candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 333;
elected President in 1828, 342;
character of his epoch, 343-350;
his character, 353;
and the nullification episode, 358;
and the Bank, 361-366;
issues “Specie Circular,” 366;
his policy toward France, 367.
=Jackson, Gen. Thomas J.= (“Stonewall”), portrait p. 390, 493;
biographical note, p. 390 n.;
exploits in Virginia, 493;
killed at Chancellorsville, 523.
=James I.=, encourages colonization, 21;
charters Virginia Company, 26.
=Jamestown, Va.=, settled and named, 23;
saved by Capt. John Smith, 24.
=Japan=, opened to commerce, 410.
=Jay, John=, portrait p. 202, 272;
biographical note, p. 201 n.;
negotiates treaty with England, 272.
=Jefferson, Thomas=, portrait p. 123, 164;
biographical note, p. 123 n.;
drafts Declaration of Independence, 164;
his views on the Constitution, 253;
leader of Democratic-Republicans, 268;
Vice President, 275;
author of “Kentucky Resolutions,” 279;
elected President, 281;
first inaugural address, 284, p. 213 n. 1;
his character and policy, 268, 282, 296, 297;
compared with Jackson, 344.
=Johnson, Andrew=, portrait p. 447, 564;
biographical note, p. 446 n.;
military governor of Tennessee, 477;
elected Vice President, 543;
becomes President, 562;
his policy of reconstruction, 564, 566, 567;
and Congress, 567, 577-580;
impeachment of, 579.
=Johnson, Sir John=, 182, 204.
=Johnston, Gen. A. S.=, (C.), portrait p. 377, 478;
biographical note, p. 377 n.;
in Utah, 427;
in Kentucky, 476;
killed at Shiloh, 478.
=Johnston, Gen. J. E.=, (C.), portrait p. 389, 492;
biographical note, p. 388 n.;
evacuates Yorktown, 492;
at Vicksburg, 517;
and Sherman, 534;
superseded by Hood, 535;
reinstated, 548;
surrender of, 551.
=Joliet, Louis=, French explorer, 98.
=Jones, John Paul=, portrait p. 160, 211;
biographical note, p. 159 n.;
defeats the _Serapis_, 211;
effects of the victory, 212.
=Kansas=, struggle in, 413, 414, 424, 425;
admission of, 425.
=Kansas-Nebraska Bill=, 411.
=Kaskaskia=, taken by George Rogers Clark, 209.
=_Kearsarge_ and _Alabama_=, battle of, 541.
=Kentucky=, settled, 200;
admitted, p. 192 n.;
in Civil War, 463, 481.
=Kentucky Resolutions=, 279.
=Kieft=, governor of New Netherlands, 61.
=King, Rufus=, 288.
=King George’s War=, 105.
=King Philip’s War=, 57.
=King’s Mountain=, battle of, 224.
=King William’s War=, 101.
=Kitchen Cabinet=, 352.
=Know-Nothing= (or American) party, 406.
=Kossuth, Louis=, Hungarian patriot, 403.
=Ku-Klux-Klan=, 576, 584.
=Lafayette, Marquis de=, portrait p. 132, 175;
biographical note, p. 133 n.;
joins American army, 175;
in the South, 229, 232;
makes tour of the United States, p. 256 n.
=La Salle, Robert de=, portrait p. 74, 99;
biographical note, p. 74 n.;
explores the Mississippi, 99.
=Laud, Archbishop=, persecutes the Puritans, 38;
passes laws against Massachusetts, 47.
=Laudonnière, René de=, French explorer, founds colony in Florida, 15.
=Lawrence, Capt. James=, portrait p. 233, 305;
biographical note, p. 233 n. 1;
defeated by the _Shannon_, 304.
=Lecompton Constitution=, 424, 425.
=Lee, Fort=, capture of, 158.
=Lee, Gen. Charles=, his disobedience and capture, 167;
his treachery, 183, 184;
at Monmouth, 196;
dismissed, 196.
=Lee, Gen. Robert E.=, (C.), portrait p. 393, 496;
biographical note, p. 392 n. 2;
in western Virginia, 466;
given command of Confederate forces, 496;
in the Seven Days’ Battles, 497, 498;
at Antietam, 505;
at Gettysburg, 525;
and Grant in Virginia, 530-533;
surrender of, 551.
=Lee, Richard Henry=, portrait p. 122, 164;
biographical note, p. 122 n.;
offers resolutions of independence, 164.
=Leif=, son of Eric the Red, discovers America, 4;
in Iceland and Greenland, 4.
=Leisler’s Insurrection=, 66.
=Le Moyne, Jean Baptiste= (Sieur de Bienville), portrait p. 79, 106;
biographical note, p. 79 n.;
founder of New Orleans, 104.
=Le Moyne, Pierre= (Sieur d’Iberville), establishes French settlement in
Mississippi, 104.
=Leon, Ponce de=, Spanish discoverer, portrait p. 16, 13;
biographical note, p. 16 n.;
discovers Florida, 13.
=Lewis and Clark=, explore the Northwest, 287, 323.
=Lewis, William B.=, 352.
=Lexington=, battle of, 143.
=Liberal Republicans=, 588.
=Liberty party=, in campaign of 1844, 375;
in election of 1848, 389.
=Lincoln, Abraham=, portrait, p. 352;
biographical note, p. 333 n. 2;
in Congress, 379;
debates with Douglas, 428-431;
candidate for the Presidency, 436;
elected, 439;
his views on slavery, 445, 501;
his Cabinet, 441, 443;
first call for troops, 453;
strategic plans, 469;
circular letter, 499;
reply to Greeley, p. 396 n.;
his firmness toward Great Britain, 511;
opposition to, 542;
reëlected, 544;
changes in Cabinet, 545;
his efforts for peace, 547;
policy toward the South, 554, 563;
assassination of, 552.
=Literature, American=, in the 17th century, 84;
in the 19th century, 350, 708.
=Livingston, R. R.=, negotiates purchase of Louisiana, 286.
=Locke’s Constitutions=, 75.
=Lodge, Henry Cabot=, 629.
=Logan, Gen. John A.=, 619.
=London Company=, formed, 22;
founds Jamestown, 23.
=Longfellow, Henry W.=, 350.
=Long Island=, battle of, 155.
=Longstreet, Gen. James=, (C.), portrait p. 417, 525;
biographical note, p. 417 n.;
in the Peninsula campaign, 496, 497;
at Bull Run, 504;
at Chickamauga, 518;
at Gettysburg, 525.
=Lookout Mountain=, battle of, 521.
=Lopez, Narciso=, filibuster, 402, p. 313 n.
=Louisburg=, erected, 104;
captured and restored, 105;
surrender of, 118.
=Louisiana=, early history of, 286;
purchase of, 286, 287;
map of purchase, 287;
western boundary fixed, 324;
secedes, 440;
readmitted, 574.
=Lovejoy, E. P.=, abolitionist martyr, 360.
=Low, Seth=, 687.
=Lowell, James Russell=, 350.
=Lundy’s Lane=, battle of, 309.
=Lyon, Gen. Nathaniel=, portrait p. 368, 470;
biographical note, p. 368 n.;
in Missouri, 470.
=Macdonough, Commodore Thos.=, portrait p. 236, 309;
his victory on Lake Champlain, 309.
=Macon’s Bill, No. 2=, 298.
=Madison, James=, portrait p. 183, 247;
biographical note, p. 183 n.;
in the Constitutional Convention, 247;
in first United States Congress, 266;
author of Virginia Resolutions, 279;
in Jefferson’s Cabinet, 284;
becomes President, 298;
declares war against Great Britain, 299;
vetoes internal improvements bill, 318, 319;
and West Florida, 324.
=Magellan (da Magalhaens)=, =Fernando=, Portuguese explorer,
portrait p. 15, 12;
biographical note, p. 15 n.;
voyage of, 12.
=_Maine_=, battleship, destruction of, 661.
=Maine=, failure of first settlement, 23;
joined to Massachusetts, 52, 58, 60;
in 1700, 77;
admitted, 329;
prohibition law, p. 314 n.
=Malvern Hill=, battle of, 498.
=Manassas= (or Bull Run), first battle of, 467;
second battle of, 504.
=Manila Bay=, battle of, 666.
=Manufacturing=, in the colonies, 81;
after War of 1812, 316;
from 1870 to 1900, 706.
=Marcy, William L.=, 408.
=Marion, Gen. Francis=, 214, 223.
=Marquette, Père=, French missionary, 98.
=Marshall, James W.=, discovers gold in California, 394.
=Marshall, John=, portrait p. 213, 284;
biographical note, p. 214 n. 1;
envoy to France, 276;
Secretary of State, 280;
Chief Justice, 284;
conducts Burr trial, 290;
delivers celebrated opinions, 327;
opposed by Jackson, 353.
=Maryland=, settlement of, 39, 40;
charter granted to First Lord Baltimore, 39;
rule of the Calverts, 39, 40;
becomes a royal province, 41;
in 1700, 77;
in Civil War, 462, 463.
=Mason, Capt. John=, defeats Indians in Connecticut, 50;
plants colonies in New Hampshire, 52.
=Mason, James M.=, Confederate commissioner, 472.
=Mason and Dixon Line=, 93.
=Massachusetts=, settled by Puritans, 37, 38;
charters of, 37, 47, 58, 60, 136;
legislature formed, 46;
troubles with the Crown, 47;
internal troubles, 48;
and the New England Confederacy, 53-56;
under Andros, 59;
in 1700, 77;
resists taxation, 127-139;
in the Revolution, 140-150;
in 1800, 260;
in the War of 1812, 300, 313-315;
in Civil War, 462.
=Massachusetts Bill=, 136.
=Massasoit=, 57.
=Mather, Cotton=, portrait p. 63, 83;
biographical note, p. 63 n.;
and the witchcraft delusion, 83;
his writings, 84.
=Mather, Increase=, 84.
=Maximilian=, in Mexico, 561.
=McAllister, Fort=, taken, 538.
=McClellan, Gen. George B.=, (U.), portrait p. 387, 490;
biographical note, p. 387 n.;
early successes, 466;
general in chief, 467, 477, 490;
authority limited, 490;
Peninsula Campaign, 492-498;
restored to command, 505;
superseded by Burnside, 505;
candidate for the Presidency, 543.
=McDowell, Gen. Irvin=, at Bull Run, 467;
protects city of Washington, 492, 493.
=McKinley, William=, portrait p. 515, 658;
biographical note, p. 512 n. 1;
frames tariff, 630;
elected President, 655;
character of administration, 656;
efforts in behalf of Cuba, 663;
proclaims war with Spain, 663;
reëlected, 679;
assassination of, 683.
=McKinley Tariff=, 630.
=Meade, Gen. George G.=, (U.), portrait p. 416, 524;
biographical note, p. 416 n. 1;
succeeds Hooker, 524;
at Gettysburg, 525;
commands Army of the Potomac, 530.
=Memphis=, taking of, 479.
=Menendez=, Spanish explorer, founds St. Augustine, Fla., 15.
=_Merrimac_=, Confederate ironclad, 485, 486.
=Mexican War=, 377-387;
political results, 379.
=Mexico=, her claims on Texas, 377;
relinquishes claim to Mexico and California, 387;
the French in, 561.
=Mexico, city of=, captured, 385.
=Miles, Gen. Nelson A.=, portrait p. 523, 670;
biographical note, p. 523 n.;
in Porto Rico, 670.
=Mills Bill=, 627.
=Mims, Fort=, massacre, 307.
=Minnesota=, admitted, p. 332 n.
=Minuit, Peter=, governor of New Netherlands, 30;
founds settlement for Swedes, 63.
=Minutemen=, 140;
at Lexington and Concord, 143.
=Missionary Ridge=, battle of, 521.
=Mississippi=, settlement of, 104, 259;
secedes, 440;
readmitted, 574.
=Mississippi River=, discovery of, 13;
explored by La Salle, 99;
navigation of, 258, 286;
in Civil War, 479, 488, 517.
=Missouri=, admission of, 328-331;
in the Civil War, 470, 471.
=Missouri Compromise=, first, 329;
second, 330;
results of, 331;
and California, 393;
and the Dred Scott Decision, 418.
=Mobile=, taking of, 540.
=Modoc Indians=, 593.
=Molino del Rey=, battle of, 385.
=Money.= See _Currency_.
=_Monitor_ and _Merrimac_=, battle of, 486.
=Monmouth=, battle of, 196.
=Monocacy=, battle of, 533.
=Monroe, James=, portrait p. 246, 321;
biographical note, p. 245 n.;
envoy to France, 286;
Secretary of War, 311;
President, 319;
character of his administration, 321;
his famous “Doctrine,” 325, 326.
=Monroe Doctrine=, promulgated, 326;
extended by Cleveland, 651.
=Montcalm, Marquis de=, portrait p. 83, 113;
biographical note, p. 82 n. 2;
defeated at Quebec, 114.
=Monterey=, Mexico, taken by Taylor, 381.
=Montgomery, General=, takes Montreal, 151.
=Morgan, Gen. Daniel=, portrait p. 171, 226;
biographical note, p. 169 n.;
defeated at Montreal, 151;
in the South, 223;
at battle of Cowpens, 225;
his race with Cornwallis, 226.
=Mormons=, 426, 614.
=Morrill Grant=, 500.
=Morse, Samuel F. B.=, perfects the telegraph, 449.
=Morton, Levi P.=, 628.
=Morton, Thomas=, of Merrymount, 35.
=Moultrie, Gen. William=, portrait p. 120, 162;
biographical note, p. 120 n.;
defeats Clinton at Charleston, S.C., 162.
“=Mugwumps=,” 618.
=Murfreesborough= (or Stone River), battle of, 482.
=Napoleon I.=, agrees to sell Louisiana, 286, 287;
Berlin Decree, 292;
Milan Decree, 292;
accepts Macon’s Bill, 298.
=Narvaez, Panfilo de=, Spanish explorer, 13.
=Nashville=, battle of, 536;
official returns, p. 429 n.
=National debt.= See _Debt_.
=Navigation Acts=, in Virginia, 43;
extended, 117.
=Navy=, in Revolutionary War, 210;
reduced by Jefferson, 285;
weakness of, in 1812, 304, p. 230 n. 1;
substitution of ironclads, 484-486;
increase of, under Arthur, 610;
work in Spanish War, 666, 668, 669.
=Negroes=, first brought to America, 27;
legislation for, 584;
condition of, 696, 705.
=Nevada=, admitted, 546.
=New Amsterdam= (New York City), founded, 30;
taken by English, 64.
=New England=, confederation of, 53-56;
in 1700, 77-84;
in War of 1812, 313-315;
and the tariff of 1828, 340;
and the anti-slavery movement, 350, 398;
opposes sale of Western lands, 355.
=Newfoundland=, early settlement in, 9, 14, 17.
=New France=, 98, p. 73 n. 2.
=New Hampshire=, colonies in, 52;
incorporated with Massachusetts, 52, p. 45 n.;
becomes a royal province, 58;
separated from Massachusetts, 60;
in 1700, 77.
=New Jersey=, settlement of, 67;
sold to Quakers, 68;
disturbances in, 68;
becomes a royal colony, 68;
in 1700, 77.
=New Mexico=, ceded by Mexico, 387;
and the Gadsden purchase, p. 307 n.
=New Netherland=, settled by Dutch, 29, 30;
disturbances in, 55, 61, 62;
Council established, 62;
taken by English, 64;
named New York, 64.
See _New York_.
=New Orleans=, battle of, 311;
capture of, 488;
Butler in, 489.
=Newport=, R.I., archæological remains at, p. 6 n. 1;
founded, 49;
attack on, 197.
=New York=, settlement of, 29, 30;
naming of, 64;
early English government, 65;
in 1700, 77.
=New York City=, population of, 262, 347, 447, 690;
capital of the United States, p. 196 n.;
draft riots in, 526;
corruption in, 406, 592, 654, 687.
=Nicolls, Colonel=, royal governor of New York, 64.
=Nominating conventions.= See _Conventions_.
=Non-intercourse Act=, 293.
=North, Lord=, English Prime Minister, 137.
=North Carolina=, colonized by Raleigh, 18;
settled, 72-76;
troubles with governors, 76;
in 1700, 77;
surrenders charter, 92;
secedes, 453;
readmitted, 574.
=Northmen=, first discoverers of America, 4.
=Northwest Territory=, ordinance for governing, 256.
=Nova Scotia=, early settlements in, 16;
in French wars, 104.
=Nullification=, in the Kentucky Resolutions, 279;
theory expounded by Calhoun, 341;
doctrine advanced by Hayne, 355;
opposed by Jackson, 357;
ordinance passed by South Carolina, 358;
repealed, 358.
=Oglethorpe, James=, portrait p. 72, 97;
biographical note, p. 72 n. 2;
settles Georgia, 97.
=Ohio=, the French in, 106;
admitted, p. 192 n.
=Oklahoma Territory=, opened to settlement, 631.
=Olney, Richard=, 651.
=Orders in Council=, 293;
revoked, 301.
=Oregon=, controversy over, 323, 376;
admitted, p. 332 n.
=_Oregon_=, battleship, p. 521 n. 2.
=Orinoco River=, discovered by Columbus, 7.
=Oriskany=, battle of, 182.
=Ostend Manifesto=, 408.
=Otis, James=, portrait p. 95, 128;
biographical note, p. 94 n. 1;
on disunion in the colonies, 120;
opposes the Stamp Act, 127.
=Pacific Ocean=, discovery of, 11;
named 11.
=Palma, Thomas Estrada=, first President of Cuba, 695.
=Palmer, Gen. John M.=, 655.
=Palmerston, Lord=, 473, 510.
=Palo Alto=, battle of, 380.
=Panama Congress=, 337.
=Pan-American Congress=, 632;
exposition, 682.
=Panics=, financial, of 1817, p. 243 n.;
of 1837, 369;
of 1873, 589;
of 1893, 645.
=Parker, Theodore=, portrait, p. 270;
biographical note, p. 269 n. 2;
abolition orator, 421.
=Parliament=, interferes in Maryland, 40;
in Virginia, 42;
power of, 124, 125, 128.
=Parties=, political, beginnings of, 345.
See under the names of the parties.
=Patroons=, estates of, 30;
difficulties with, 62;
form an aristocracy, 78, 85.
=Pea Ridge=, battle of, 480.
=Pemberton, Gen. J. C.=, (C.), at Vicksburg, 517.
=Pendleton Bill=, 616.
=Peninsula Campaign=, 492-498.
=Penn, William=, portrait p. 55, 68;
biographical note, p. 55 n.;
acquires lands in New Jersey, 68;
secures grant from Charles II., 69;
founds Philadelphia, 69.
=Pensions=, Cleveland’s attitude toward, 626;
Dependent Pension Bill, 626, 636.
=People’s Party.= See _Populist_.
=Pequot War=, 50.
=Persecution=, in Massachusetts, 48, 56;
of witches, 83.
=Perry, Commodore M. C.=, secures treaty with Japan, 410.
=Perry, Captain Oliver H.=, portrait p. 234, 305;
biographical note, p. 233 n. 2;
his victory on Lake Erie, 305.
=Petersburg=, attack on, 532.
=Philadelphia=, founded, 69;
taken by the British, 185;
population in 1800, 262;
temporary capital of the United States, p. 196 n. 1.
=Philippine Islands=, purchased by the United States, 671;
revolution in, 673, 687.
=Phillips, Wendell=, portrait p. 282, 360;
biographical note, p. 282 n.;
abolition orator, 360, 421.
=Phips, Sir William=, 101.
=Pickering, Timothy=, 280.
=Pickett, Gen. George E.=, portrait p. 418, 525;
biographical note, p. 418 n. 1;
at Gettysburg, 525.
=Pierce, Franklin=, portrait p. 316, 404;
biographical note, p. 315 n.;
elected President, 404;
favors the South, 405.
=Pilgrims=, persecuted in England, 32;
flee to Holland, 32;
settle at Plymouth, 33-35.
=Pinckney, Charles C.=, portrait p. 207, 276;
biographical note, p. 206 n.;
envoy to France, 276;
candidate for Vice Presidency, 281;
candidate for the Presidency, 288.
=Pinckney, Thomas=, 275.
=Pinkney, William=, 292.
=Pitt, William=, Earl of Chatham, portrait p. 84, 114;
biographical note, p. 83 n.;
his policy during French and Indian War, 110, 113, 114;
opposes taxing the colonies, 137.
=Pitt, William=, the Younger, portrait p. 220, 292;
and the “Rule of 1756,” 292.
=Pittsburg Landing= (or Shiloh), battle of, 478;
official returns, p. 378 n. 1.
=Pizarro, Francesco=, Spanish explorer, 2, 13.
=Plattsburg=, battle of, 309.
=Plymouth=, founded by Pilgrims, 34;
incorporated with Massachusetts, 60.
=Plymouth Company=, formed, 22;
failure of Maine Colony, 23;
issues patent to Pilgrims, 35;
issues patent to Puritans, 37;
breaking up of, 47.
=Pocahontas=, portrait p. 27, 25;
biographical note, p. 27 n.
=Poe, Edgar Allan=, 350 (p. 270), 449.
=Political Parties.= See _Parties_.
=Polk, James K.=, portrait p. 297, 378;
biographical note, p. 294 n.;
elected President, 375;
declares war on Mexico, 377;
character of his administration, 378.
=Polygamy=, 426, 614, 681.
=Pontiac=, conspiracy of, 116.
=Pope, Gen. John=, portrait p. 399, 504;
biographical note, p. 398 n. 2;
commands army of Virginia, 503;
at second battle of Bull Run, 504.
=Popular Sovereignty.= See _Squatter Sovereignty_.
=Population=, in 1700, 77;
rapid increase of, 91;
in 1789 and 1800, 257;
movement of, 259, 346, 581;
in 1830, 346;
of the West in 1870, 581;
from 1870 to 1900, 703.
=Populist= (or People’s) =party=, rise of, 642;
platform of, 642;
in election of 1896, 655 (p. 513).
=Porter, Admiral=, at Vicksburg, 517.
=Porter, Gen. Fitz John=, at Gaines’s Mill, 497;
at second battle of Bull Run, 504, p. 399 n.
=Port Hudson=, fall of, 517.
=Porto Rico=, taken by the United States, 670;
ceded by Spain, 671.
=Port Republic=, battle of, 493.
=Port Royal=, taken by the English, 101.
=Portuguese=, explorations and discoveries, 6, 9.
=Powhatan=, 25.
=President of the United States=, powers of, 252;
method of election, 275, 281.
=Presidential election=, of 1789, 255;
of 1796, 275;
of 1800, 281;
of 1804, 288;
of 1824, 333;
of 1828, 342;
of 1840, 371;
of 1844, 375;
of 1848, 389;
of 1852, 404;
of 1856, 417;
of 1860, 435-439;
of 1864, 542-544;
of 1868, 580;
of 1872, 588;
of 1876, 597;
of 1880, 607;
of 1884, 618, 619;
of 1888, 628;
of 1892, 642, 643;
of 1896, 655;
of 1900, 678.
=Presidential Succession Act=, 622.
=Presidents and Vice Presidents=, list of, Appendix C.
=Press=, freedom of, 278.
=Princeton=, battle of, 172.
=Privateers=, fitted out by Genet, 271.
=Proctor, Colonel H. A.=, 305.
=Providence, R.I.=, founded, 49.
=Provincial Congress.= See _Congress_.
=Public lands=, ceded by the states, 241;
Foote’s resolutions on sales of, 355;
sale affected by “Specie Circular,” 366.
=Pueblo Indians=, 2, 13.
=Putnam, Gen. Israel=, biographical note, p. 115 n. 2;
at battle of Long Island, 154, 155;
at Saratoga, 181.
=Quakers=, in Maryland, 40;
in Massachusetts, 55;
acquire New Jersey, 68;
settle Pennsylvania, 69.
=Quebec=, founded, 16;
expeditions against, 102;
fall of, 114.
=Quebec Act=, 136.
=Queen Anne’s War=, 102.
=Queenstown Heights=, battle of, 303.
=Quincy, Josiah=, 313.
=Quo warranto=, writs of, 68.
=Railroads=, 402, 448, 581, 589, 623, 653, 693.
=Raisin River=, battle of, p. 234 n.
=Raleigh, Sir Walter=, portrait p. 21, 18;
biographical note, p. 21 n. 2;
his expeditions and colonies, 18.
=Randolph, John=, portrait p. 253, 331;
biographical note, p. 253 n.;
in Chase trial, 291;
opposes Tariff of 1816, 316;
attacks Jackson and Clay, p. 257 n.
=Ratification=, of the Articles of Confederation, 241;
of the Constitution, 254.
=Reciprocity=, McKinley’s attitude toward, 683;
with Cuba, 687.
=Reconstruction=, various policies of, 563-573;
effects of, 574-576;
policy of Congress discredited, 597, 601.
=Reed, Thomas B.=, modifies rules of the House, 633.
=Reid, Whitelaw=, 643.
=Religion=, in the colonies, 32-34, 38, 39, 40, 48, 49, 51, 54;
and the Ordinance of 1787, 256.
=Representation=, demanded by the colonies, 123;
of slaves, 249.
=Representative government=, first in America, 27;
the colonies, 36, 38, 46, 53.
=Republican party=, formation of, 416;
platform of, 416;
in campaign of 1856, 417;
in campaign of 1860, 436-439;
in the Civil War, 501, 513, 542;
controls reconstruction, 570-573;
elects Grant, 580;
division of, in 1872, 588;
factions in, 608;
elects Harrison, 628;
in campaign of 1896, 655.
=Republicans=, National, p. 284 n. 1.
=Resaca de la Palma=, battle of, 380.
=Resumption of specie payments=, 605.
=Returning boards=, 598, 599.
=Revenue=, system established in colonies, 117;
internal revenue, 266, 273, 285, 627;
in Civil War, 457, 458.
=Revere, Paul=, 142.
=Revolution=, American, causes of, 117-139;
the war, 140-237.
“=Revolution of 1801=,” 283.
=Rhode Island=, founded, 49;
charter of, 49, 59, 60;
in 1700, 77;
opposes the Constitution, 245, 254.
=Ribaut, Jean=, French explorer, founds Huguenot colony in Florida, 15.
=Richmond, Va.=, Confederate capital, 453.
=Right of Search=, 292, 312, 472.
=Riots=, draft, 526. See _Strikes_.
=Robertson, James=, Tennessee pioneer, 200.
=Robinson, John=, pastor of the Pilgrims, 32.
=Rochambeau, Count=, 217, 230.
=Rockingham, Lord=, protests against “Five Acts,” 137;
conducts peace negotiations, 234.
=Roosevelt, Theodore=, portrait p. 529, 678;
biographical note, p. 529 n.;
at Santiago, 667;
his public services, 678;
elected Vice President, 679;
becomes President, 683;
administration of, 684.
=Rosecrans, Gen. W. S.=, (U.), portrait p. 380, 482;
biographical note, p. 380 n.;
at Stone River, 482;
in Chattanooga campaign, 518, 519;
superseded by Grant, 520.
=Rush, Richard=, and the Monroe Doctrine, 325.
=Russell, Lord John=, 502, 510, 511.
=Russia=, in the Northwest, 325;
sells Alaska, p. 502 n.
=St. Augustine, Fla.=, founded, 15.
=St. Clair, Gen. Arthur=, defeated by the Indians, 269.
=St. John’s River, Fla.=, settlements on, 15.
=St. Leger, Colonel=, plan of expedition, 177;
his defeat, 182.
“=Salary Grab=,” 591.
=Salem, Mass.=, founded, 37;
the witchcraft delusion, 83.
=Salmon Falls, N.H.=, burned by Indians, 101.
=Sampson, Admiral William T.=, portrait p. 521, 668;
biographical note, p. 521 n. 1;
at Santiago, 667-669;
controversy with Schley, 686.
=San Antonio=, battle of, 384.
=San Domingo question=, 582.
=San Juan Hill=, battle of, 667.
=Santa Anna=, Mexican general, defeated by Houston, 374;
outwits Polk, 378;
at Buena Vista, 383;
at Cerro Gordo, 384.
=Santiago de Cuba=, investment and battle of, 667-669.
=Savage’s Station=, battle of, 498.
=Savannah, Ga.=, founded, 97;
capture of, 538.
=Schenectady=, massacre of, 101.
=Schley, Admiral W. S.=, portrait p. 534, 685;
biographical note, p. 534 n.;
at Santiago, p. 522 n.;
court of inquiry, 686.
=Schofield, General=, (U.), at battle of Franklin, 536.
=Schuyler, Gen. Philip=, portrait p. 136, 178;
biographical note, p. 136 n. 1;
checks Burgoyne, 178;
superseded, 180.
=Scotch-Irish=, in the West, 259.
=Scott, Dred.= See _Dred Scott Decision_.
=Scott, Gen. Winfield S.=, portrait p. 302, 385;
biographical note, p. 300 n.;
in War of 1812, 303;
Presidential aspirations, 379, 384;
in Mexican War, 382-386;
candidate for the Presidency, 404;
general in chief, 462;
succeeded by McClellan, 467.
=Search, Right of=, 292, 312, 472.
=Secession=, threats of, 289, 313-315;
advocated in Southern conventions, 434;
Ordinance passed by South Carolina and other states, 440.
=Sedition Law.= See _Alien and Sedition Laws_.
=Selma, Ala.=, destruction of, 549.
=Seminoles=, meaning of name, p. 4 n.;
in Florida, 324;
war with, 370, p. 289 n.
=Semmes, R. S.=, (C.), captain of the _Alabama_, 541.
=Senate=, United States, established, 253.
=Separatists=, 32.
=_Serapis_=, Paul Jones defeats, 211.
“=Seven Days’ Battles=,” 497, 498;
official returns, p. 394 n.
=Seven Pines= (or Fair Oaks), battle of, 495;
official returns, p. 392 n. 1.
=Seven Years’ War=, 118, 121.
=Sevier, John=, Tennessee pioneer, 200, 203.
=Seward, William H.=, portrait p. 309, 396;
biographical note, p. 309 n.;
opposes compromise of 1850, 396;
his doctrine of the “higher law,” 420;
candidate for Presidential nomination, 436;
optimism on the war, 446;
in Lincoln’s Cabinet, 451, 501;
on election of 1864, 543;
attack on, 552;
mildness toward Confederate leaders, 565;
purchases Alaska, p. 502 n.
=Seymour, Horatio=, portrait p. 456, 580;
biographical note, p. 456 n.;
candidate for the Presidency, 580.
=Shafter, Gen. William R.=, portrait p. 520, 667;
biographical note, p. 520 n.
=_Shannon_ and _Chesapeake_=, battle of, 304, p. 233 n. 1.
=Sharpsburg= (or Antietam), battle of, 505;
official returns, p. 401 n. 1.
=Shays’ Rebellion=,243.
=Shenandoah, Valley of=, discovered by Spotswood, 96;
importance of, p. 72 n. 1;
in the Civil War, 460, 491, 493, 533, 550.
=Sheridan, Gen. P. H.=, portrait p. 438, 550;
biographical note, p. 438 n.;
defeats Early in Virginia, 533, 550.
=Sherman, Gen. W. T.=, portrait p. 413, 521;
biographical note, p. 413 n.;
at Shiloh, 478;
at Vicksburg, 517;
at Chattanooga, 521;
given command in the West, 530;
Atlanta campaign and march to the sea, 534-538;
march northward, 548;
receives surrender of Johnston, 551.
=Sherman Law=, 635;
repealed, 648.
=Shiloh= (or Pittsburg Landing), battle of, 478;
official returns, p. 378 n. 1.
=Shirley, William=, governor of Massachusetts, 105.
=Sigel, Gen. Franz=, (U.), biographical note, p. 369 n. 1;
at Wilson’s Creek, 470;
at Pea Ridge, 480;
defeated by Early, 533.
=Silver.= See _Currency_.
=Sioux= (or Dakota) =Indians=, 3;
trouble with, 593.
=Six Nations=, p. 3 n. 2;
aid the Tories, 204;
destroyed by Sullivan, 206, 207.
=Slavery=, introduced in America, 27;
a check to industry, 77;
in the colonies, 88;
prohibited by the Ordinance of 1787, 256;
political importance of, 327, 331, 374, 407, 411-414, 418-421;
in Missouri, 328-330;
work of abolitionists, 359, 360;
influence on territorial extension, 374;
Wilmot Proviso, 388;
Lincoln’s attitude toward, 445, 501;
emancipation, 508, 509.
=Slaves=, representation of, 249;
number in 1800, 257;
in Civil War, 454, 470, 501, 508, 509.
=Slidell, John=, Confederate agent, 472.
=Smith, Capt. John=, English adventurer, portrait p. 26, 24;
biographical note, p. 25 n.;
at Jamestown, 24, 25.
=Smith, Joseph=, Mormon leader, 426.
=Social life=, in the colonies, 78, 85, 86, 88.
=Soto, Hernando de=, Spanish explorer, portrait p. 17, 13;
discovers Tennessee and Mississippi rivers, 13.
=Soulé, Pierre=, 408.
=South, the=, and the Missouri Controversy, 328-331, 348;
desires the annexation of Texas, 374;
in the Mexican War, 377, 387;
bitterness against the North, 391;
encourages attempts to secure Cuba, 402;
and the Kansas Bill, 411;
growth of secession ideas, 434;
misunderstanding between North and South, 446;
population in 1860, 447;
wealth of, 448;
industries of, 455;
preparation for war, 465;
reconstruction of, 562-566;
withdrawal of troops from, 601;
industries in, 617;
negroes in, 696, 705.
=South Carolina=, settled, 72;
in 1700, 77;
surrenders charter, 92;
advocates state sovereignty, 341;
nullification in, 358;
secedes, 440;
readmitted, 574.
=South Mountain=, battle of, 505.
=Spain=, secures Louisiana, 115;
cedes Florida to Great Britain, 115;
restores Louisiana to France, 286;
and Cuba, 408, 594, 658-659;
war with, 658-670;
results of the war with, 671-676.
=Spanish discoveries=, in America, 5-13, 19, 20.
=Spanish War.= See _Spain_.
=Speaker of the House=, importance of, p. 197 n.
=Specie.= See _Currency_.
=Specie Circular=, 366.
=Specie payments=, resumption of, 605.
=Spoils system=, introduced, 351;
accredited to Van Buren, 370.
=Spotswood, Governor Alexander=, 95;
crosses the Blue Ridge, 96.
=Spottsylvania=, battles about, 531;
official returns, p. 424 n.
“=Squatter Sovereignty=,” advocated by Cass, 389;
by Douglas, 411;
and the Dred Scott Decision, 420;
Douglas’s “Freeport Doctrine,” 430;
opposed by Southern Democrats, 435.
=Stamp Act=, 125;
resisted by colonies, 127;
repealed, 128.
=Standish, Capt. Miles=, portrait p. 33, 35;
at Plymouth, 35.
=Stanton, Edwin M.=, portrait p. 373, 476;
biographical note, p. 372 n.;
in Buchanan’s Cabinet, 441, 475;
becomes Secretary of War, 475;
opposed by Johnson, 578;
resigns, 579.
=Stanwix, Fort=, siege of, 182.
=Stark, Gen. John=, portrait p. 137, 179;
biographical note, p. 137 n.;
at Bennington, 179.
=_Star of the West_= episode, 442, 452.
=State debts.= See _Debts_.
=States’ Rights Doctrine.= See _State Sovereignty_.
=State Sovereignty=, theory of, in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions,
279;
advocated by the Hartford Convention, 315;
in Georgia, 339;
and nullification, 355-358.
=Steamship lines=, in 1852, 402.
=Stephens, Alexander H.=, portrait p. 346, 445;
biographical note, p. 346 n.;
pro-slavery leader, 400;
opposes secession, 434;
explains Southern standpoint, 445;
negotiates for peace, 547.
=Steuben, Baron von=, portrait p. 146, 190;
biographical note, p. 146 n.;
joins American army, 190.
=Stevens, Thaddeus=, portrait p. 451, 571;
biographical note, p. 451 n.;
his policy of reconstruction, 571.
=Stevenson, Vice President Adlai E.=, 643, 678.
=Stirling, General=, at battle of Long Island, 154, 155.
=Stone River= (or Murfreesborough), battle of, 482.
=Stony Point=, taken by Wayne, 198.
=Stowe, Harriet Beecher=, portrait p. 329, 423;
biographical note, p. 329 n.;
author of _Uncle Tom’s Cabin_, 422.
=Strikes=, 602, 625, 638, 653, 688.
=Stuyvesant, Peter=, governor of New Netherlands, portrait p. 52, 63;
biographical note, p. 51 n.;
surrenders to the English, 64.
=Sub-Treasury system=, established, 369.
=Suffrage=, creates disturbance in Maryland, 39;
extension of, 332.
=Sullivan, Gen. John=, portrait p. 157, 207;
biographical note, p. 156 n.;
at battle of Long Island, 154, 155;
in command of Northern forces, 167;
at the Brandywine, 186;
at Germantown, 187;
at Newport, 197;
leads expedition against the Six Nations, 206, 207.
=Sumner, Charles=, portrait p. 322, 415;
biographical note, p. 322 n.;
anti-slavery orator, 400;
and the Kansas question, 415;
assault on, 415;
bitterly opposes Grant, p. 322 n.
=Sumner, Gen. Edwin V.=, (U.), at Fair Oaks, 495;
at Fredericksburg, 506.
=Sumter, Fort=, fall of, 452.
=Sumter, Gen. Thomas=, harasses British in the South, 214, 223.
=Supreme Court=, powers of, 253;
decision on the Ordinance of 1787, 256;
in Dred Scott Decision, 418-420;
in Reconstruction cases, 584;
on income tax, 649.
=Surplus=, distribution of, 364.
=Swedish settlements=, in Delaware, 63.
=Taft, William H.=, portrait p. 548
=Tallmadge, James=, proposes amendment to the Missouri Compromise, 328.
=Tammany Society=, beginning of, 332;
governs New York City, 592.
=Taney, Roger B.=, portrait p. 327, 419;
biographical note, p. 326 n.;
removes deposits from the Bank, 362;
renders Dred Scott Decision, 418;
death of, 545.
=Tariff=, first protective, 266;
of 1816, 316;
of 1824, 322;
of 1828, 340;
of 1830 and 1832, 357;
of 1833, 358;
of 1862, 455;
of 1883, 615;
McKinley Tariff, 630;
Wilson Bill, 649;
Dingley Bill, 657.
=Tariff of Abominations.= See _Tariff, of 1828_.
=Tarleton, Col. Banastre=, portrait p. 169, 224;
biographical note, p. 168 n.;
at battle of the Cowpens, 225.
=Taxation=, in early colonial times, 59, 87, 94, 95;
English principle of, 122;
colonial views on, 123;
Grenville’s scheme, 125;
resisted by the colonists, 127-132;
on tea, 133-135;
under the Confederation, 242;
on banks, 457;
income tax, 649.
=Taylor, Gen. Zachary=, portrait p. 299, 380;
biographical note, p. 298 n.;
in the Mexican War, 377, 379-383;
nominated for the Presidency, 389;
attitude toward California, 388, 396;
elected, 389;
death of, 396.
=Tea=, tax on, 133-135.
=Tecumseh=, 302, 305.
=Telegraph=, spread of, 402;
perfected by Morse, 449.
=Temperance=, 403, p. 314 n., 707.
=Tennessee=, settled, 200;
war in, 202;
admitted, p. 192 n.;
secedes, 453;
readmitted, 569.
=Tenure of Office Act=, of 1820, 351;
of 1867, 578;
repealed, p. 455 n.
=Territorial expansion=, desired by slave states, 374, 411.
See _Imperialism_.
=Territories=, slavery in, 411, 416, 417-420, 430.
=Texas=, annexation of, 374, 375;
boundary dispute with Mexico, 377;
and the war with Mexico, 377-387;
secedes, 440;
readmitted, 574.
=Thames River=, battle of, 305.
=Thirteenth Amendment=, 546, p. 435 n.;
accepted by Southern states, 568.
=Thomas, Gen. George H.=, (U.), portrait p. 411, 518;
biographical note, p. 412 n.;
at Chickamauga, 518;
at Nashville, 536.
=Thompson, Jacob=, 442, 450.
=Ticonderoga, Fort=, taken by the English, 115;
captured by Ethan Allen, 145;
retaken by the British, 178.
=Tilden, Samuel J.=, portrait p. 471, 599;
biographical note, p. 471 n.;
nominated for the Presidency, 597.
=Tippecanoe=, battle of, 299.
=Tobacco=, in Virginia, 27;
in Maryland, 40.
=Tories=, in the Revolutionary War, 160;
treatment of, after the Revolution, 236.
=Toscanelli’s map=, 5.
=Town meetings=, 82.
=Townshend Acts=, 129;
partially repealed, 133.
=Transportation Bill=, 136.
=Treasury, Independent=, established, 369.
=Treaty=, of Greenville, with the Indians, 270;
of Utrecht, 102;
of Paris, 115, 235;
with France, 194, 280;
with Spain, 258, 671;
of Ghent, 312;
Ashburton, 372;
of annexation (Texas), 375;
of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 387;
Clayton-Bulwer, 401;
with Japan, 410;
of Washington, 585;
Hay-Pauncefote, 680.
=Trent Affair=, 472.
=Trenton=, battle of, 170.
=Trist, N. P.=, 385.
=Trusts=, 623, 692, 706, 709.
=Tryon=, Tory governor of New York, 160.
=Turner, Nat=, leads rebellion in Virginia, 359.
=Tweed, William Marcy=, Tammany leader, 592, p. 466 n.
=Twelfth Amendment=, 281.
=Tyler, John=, portrait p. 292, 373;
biographical note, p. 291 n. 2;
elected Vice President, 371;
becomes President, 372;
incidents of his administration, 372-376.
=Underground Railway=, 399.
=Underhill, Capt. John=, in the Pequot War, 50.
=Union Pacific Railroad.= See _Railroads_.
=United States Bank.= See _Bank_.
=Upshur, A. P.=, p. 291 n. 1.
=Utah=, settled by Mormons, 426;
trouble in, 426, 427.
=Vaca, Cabeza de=, Spanish explorer, 13.
=Valcour’s Island=, battle of, 161.
=Vallandigham, Clement L.=, arrested for treason, 528.
=Valley Forge=, Washington’s winter at, 188-193.
=Van Buren, Martin=, portrait p. 272, 352;
biographical note, p. 271 n.;
leader of “Albany Regency,” 342;
Secretary of State, 352;
elected President, 367;
his administration, 368-370;
introduces Independent Treasury system, 369;
candidate of Liberty and Free Soil parties, 389.
=Vane, Sir Henry=, the Younger, portrait p. 42, 46;
biographical note, p. 42 n.
=Van Rensselaer, General=, defeated at Queenstown Heights, 303.
=Venezuelan dispute=, 651.
=Vera Cruz=, battle of, 382.
=Vermont=, becomes a separate state, 93, 260.
=Verrazano, Giovanni da=, Italian explorer, 14.
=Vespucci, Amerigo= (Latin form, _Americus Vespucius_), Italian explorer,
portrait p. 13, 10;
biographical note, p. 13 n.;
publishes account of his voyages, 10;
his name given to the “New World,” 10.
=Veto power=, 253.
=Vicksburg campaign=, 514-517;
official returns, p. 410 n. 2.
=Vincennes, Ind.=, taken by Clark, 209.
=Vinland=, 6.
=Virginia=, named by Raleigh, 18;
settled, 23;
slavery introduced, 27;
its governors, 27, 28;
becomes a royal province, 28;
Burgesses, 28, 45, 72, 95;
under Berkeley, 42-45;
in 1700, 77;
under Governor Spotswood, 95, 96;
in 1800, 260;
secedes, 453;
readmitted, 574;
state debt agitation in, 617.
=Virginia Company=, chartered, 21;
the sub-companies, 22;
charters annulled, 26;
records preserved, 26, p. 28 n.
=Virginia Resolutions=, 279.
=Virginius Affair=, 594.
=Voting=, by ballot, introduced in Massachusetts, 46;
Australian ballot introduced, 621.
=Waldseemüller, Martin=, gives America its name, 10.
=Walker, Robert J.=, governor of Kansas, 424.
=Walker, William=, filibuster, 409.
=Wallace, Gen. Lew=, (U.), at Monocacy, 533.
=Warner, Gen. Seth=, at Ticonderoga, 145;
at Bennington, 179.
=War of 1812=, beginnings of, 299, 300;
declared, 301;
naval exploits in, 304, 305;
developed national spirit, 347.
=Warren, Gen. Joseph=, portrait p. 109, 147;
biographical note, p. 109 n.;
killed at Bunker Hill, 147.
=Washington, D.C.=, capital of the United States, p. 196 n., 266;
capture and burning of, 310;
defence of, in the Civil War, 462.
=Washington, Fort=, capture of, 158.
=Washington, George=, portrait p. 134, _frontispiece_;
biographical note, p. 107 n.;
carries message to the French, 106, 107;
at Fort Necessity, 109;
aide to General Braddock, 111;
appointed commander in chief, 144;
takes command of American army, 148;
his difficulties, 148;
besieges Boston, 149;
in New York, 153-158;
in New Jersey, 166-173;
at the Brandywine, 186;
at Germantown, 187;
at Valley Forge, 189-193;
sends expedition to the Northwest, 204;
his plans against Cornwallis, 230, 231;
elected first President, 255;
as a statesman, 265;
his Cabinet, 266;
leans to Federalism, 267;
retirement, 274.
=Washington monument=, 611.
=Watling’s Island=, probable landing place of Columbus, p. 9 n.
=Wayne, Gen. Anthony=, portrait p. 152, 199;
biographical note, p. 152 n.;
takes Stony Point, 198;
subdues the Indians in the Northwest, 270.
=Webster, Daniel=, portrait p. 274, 354;
biographical note, p. 275 n. 1;
opposes tariff of 1816, 316;
sustains Adams, 339;
debate with Hayne, 355, 356;
his theory of the Constitution, 356;
leader of Whig party, 368;
in Tyler’s Cabinet, 372;
secures Ashburton treaty, 372;
opposes Mexican War, 379;
supports Compromise of 1850, 395;
his “Seventh of March speech,” 395;
Secretary of State for Fillmore, 396;
seeks nomination for Presidency, 404;
death, 404.
=West=, settlement of, 104, 106, 200, 259, 346;
development, 343, 344, 346-349;
transportation facilities increase settlement, 346, 581.
=Western lands=, 241.
See _Public Lands_.
=West Indies=, discovered by Columbus, 7;
trade with, lost by J. Q. Adams, 336;
recovered by Jackson, 367.
=West Virginia=, admitted, 463.
=Weyler, Captain-General=, 659.
=Wheeler, Vice President William A.=, 597.
=Whig Party=, rise of, p. 283 n., p. 284 n. 1;
led by Clay and Webster, 368;
principles of, 368;
in 1840, 371;
and Tyler, 372, 373;
in 1844, 375;
elects Taylor, 389;
divides on the slavery question, 404;
decline of, 406.
=Whiskey Rebellion=, 273.
=Whitefield, George=, 103.
=White Plains=, battle of, 157.
=Whitney, Eli=, portrait p. 224, 297;
biographical note, p. 224 n.
=Whittier, John G.=, 350.
=Wilderness campaign=, 530-532;
official returns, p. 424 n.
=Wilkinson, Gen. James=, 289, 306.
=Williams, Roger=, driven from Salem, 48;
founds Providence Plantation, 48;
his writings, 84.
=Wilmot Proviso=, 388.
=Wilson, Gen. J. H.=, 549, 565.
=Wilson, William L.=, 649.
=Wilson’s Creek=, battle of, 470.
=Wilson Tariff Law=, 649.
=Winslow, Capt. John A.=, (U.), defeats the _Alabama_, 541.
=Winthrop, John=, portrait p. 35, 38;
biographical note, p. 36 n.;
first governor of Massachusetts, 38;
writings, 84.
=Wirt, William=, Attorney-general, 320.
=Witchcraft delusion=, 83.
=Wolfe, Gen. James=, portrait p. 85, 114;
biographical note, p. 84 n. 2;
captures Quebec, 114.
=Writs of Assistance=, 129.
=Writs of quo warranto=, 68, p. 56 n. 1, 92.
=Wyatt, Sir Francis=, royal governor of Virginia, 27, 42.
=Wyoming=, admitted, 629.
=Wyoming Valley massacre=, 205.
=X. Y. Z. affair=, 276.
=Yancey, William L.=, pro-slavery leader, 400;
opposes Douglas, 435;
leads Southern Democrats, 435.
=Yorktown=, surrender of Cornwallis at, 233.
=Yorktown campaign=, 231;
in the Civil War, 492.
=Young, Brigham=, Mormon leader, 426.
HISTORY
* * * * *
=The Ancient World=
By Professor WILLIS MASON WEST, of the University of Minnesota.
Forty-one Maps, numerous Illustrations. 12mo, half leather, 650
pages. Price, $1.50. Also in two volumes:
Greece and the East. 12mo, cloth, 288 pages. Price, $1.00.
Rome and the West. 12mo, cloth, 384 pages. Price, $1.00.
THE Ancient World is intended for young students in high
schools and academies and will be found well within the scope of
their abilities.
In general, the author has aimed to emphasize the unity in
historical development; to show that national life, like
individual life, has continuous growth and development, and that
a knowledge of the past explains the present. Every experiment
in government in ancient times has its lesson; and in the hands
of Professor West history becomes an instrument for teaching the
duties of modern citizenship.
Most stress is laid on those periods of history which were most
important to the development of civilization. In following this
plan two general features are noteworthy:—
1. Wars receive little attention. Space is given rather to the
causes and conditions preceding a war and the results that
follow it.
2. Little weight is given to the legendary periods of Greek and
Roman history, and the space thus gained is devoted to the
wide-reaching Hellenic world after Alexander, and to the Roman
Empire which had so deep an influence on later history.
In every paragraph the leading idea is brought out by italics,
and illuminating quotations introduce each chapter.
The book teaches the use of a library by giving specific
references to topics for reports.
The table of contents covers thirty-four pages and gives a
minute analysis of the book down to the subject of each
paragraph.
There are forty-one maps and plans, which are made the basis of
study, suggested by questions given in the text. There are also
ninety-nine illustrations taken from authentic sources.
=Modern History=: From Charlemagne to the Present Time
By Professor WILLIS M. WEST. With thirty-nine Maps and numerous
Illustrations. 12mo, half leather, 673 pages. Price, $1.50.
THIS volume, beginning where the author’s Ancient World ends,
shows the development of the various forces which the ancient
world had brought together and which had been partially welded
in the empire of Charlemagne. In time it covers eleven
centuries; but as much space is given to the last hundred years
as to the preceding thousand.
Beginning with the outbreak of the momentous French Revolution,
the book is remarkably full; for the author believes it wise to
treat with comparative briefness the ephemeral phases of the
Middle Ages in order to gain adequate space for a full treatment
of the marvellous nineteenth century, and so for an intelligent
introduction to the twentieth.
Moreover, the book is noteworthy in the large share of attention
given to the most recent history. To stop the history of Europe
at 1871 is to leave the pupil in the rear of the world of to-day
much farther than is ordinarily represented by a human lifetime.
Since that date a new Germany, a new Italy, a new and stable
French Republic have been created, through the principles of
democracy and nationality. The growth of these principles, their
struggle with the divine right monarchies, and final victory,
are described in vivid language. To put the student in touch
with the recent movements in politics and in society is the
business of the high school course in history.
The present revision has been brought down to September, 1907.
The book contains thirty-nine maps, mostly colored, and
seventy-eight illustrations. There are copious references for
further reading, topics for special reports, and review
exercises. The footnotes supply a running comment on the
text—short quotations from eminent authorities or interesting
facts called up by the narrative. There is also a useful
classified bibliography.
=History of England=
By Professor CHARLES M. ANDREWS, of Johns Hopkins University.
With seventeen Maps, chronological and genealogical Tables, and
numerous Illustrations. 12mo, half leather, 608 pages. Price,
$1.50.
AN important feature of this history is the definite method of
presentation. At the beginning of each period the author briefly
outlines the character and the tendencies of the time. He then
elaborates this outline, and before leaving the subject
summarizes it in a few brief sentences.
The book teaches that the achievements of the English people
have been solid and enduring, not dramatic and sensational, and
concern the more peaceful aspects of human
existence—government, legislation, agriculture, industry,
commerce, and finance—quite as much as the stirring scenes of
land battles and sea fights. To quote the author: “History
to-day has got rid of much of the stage thunder that passed
current in the older narratives. It points to the industry that
underlies wealth, and to the wealth that makes military success
possible. It lays stress upon the national or social conditions
that render the great statute or legislative act necessary, and
upon the pressure of food or population and the spurring of
religious conviction that urge men to brave the sea and
undertake colonization. It calls attention to the deep
significance of peasants’ rebellions, religious revivals, and
industrial revolutions in preparing the way for the rise of
democracy and the transformation of the social life of a
nation.”
The book contains seventeen maps; a large number of genealogical
tables; seventy-four well-executed illustrations taken from
authentic sources; a facsimile of a section of the Magna Carta;
and reproductions of drawings on early manuscripts.
A carefully selected list of books that will be useful in any
school library, a detailed chronological table, and
bibliographies covering the best and most recent works, add to
the usefulness of the history.
The book has numerous footnotes which refer definitely to
original sources by volume and page number.
=Hamilton’s Metaphysics=
Collected, arranged, and abridged by FRANCIS BOWEN, late of
Harvard University. 12mo, cloth, 571 pages. Price, $1.50.
=A Treatise on Logic=
Comprising both the Aristotelian and Hamiltonian Analyses of
Logical Forms, and some chapters of Applied Logic. By FRANCIS
BOWEN. 12mo, cloth, 465 pages. Price, $1.25.
=Institutional Ethics=
By MARIETTA KIES, Butler University, Irvington, Ind. 12mo,
cloth, 296 pages. Price, $1.25.
=American Institutions=
By ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE. Translated by HENRY REEVE. Revised and
edited, with Notes, by FRANCIS BOWEN. 12mo, cloth, 582
pages. Price, $1.20.
=The Geopad=
Prepared by O. W. ANTHONY, Ph.D., of De Witt Clinton High
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THE Geopad is a ruled form for filling in demonstrations in
geometry.
=The Academy Class Register=
Price, delivered in any part of the United States, $1.50 per
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THIS is the cheapest Class Register published. It is ruled for
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=The Academy Series of English Classics=
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Each volume is edited by a teacher of reputation, whose name is
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All the essays and speeches in the series (excepting Webster’s
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Shakespeare are expurgated only where necessary for school use.
The series is handsomely bound in blue cloth, the page is open
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=ADDISON. De Coverley Papers.=
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This volume contains thirty-seven papers of which twenty have
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=BURKE. Conciliation with the Colonies.=
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This book contains the complete speech, and a sketch of the
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=BURNS. Selections.=
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The selections are forty-five in number and include The
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=BYRON. The Prisoner of Chillon.=
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=CARLYLE. Essay on Burns.=
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=GOLDSMITH. The Vicar of Wakefield.=
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The Ancient Mariner, Sohrab and Rustum, and Enoch Arden.
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* * * * *
=The Literature Note-Book=
By Professor F. N. SCOTT, of the University of Michigan, and
=F. E. Bryant=, of the University of Kansas. Price,
each, 6 cents; per dozen, 60 cents; per hundred, $5.00.
THIS is a blank-book for book reviews and reports on home
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=Journeys in Fiction=
By ALFRED M. HITCHCOCK, High School, Hartford, Conn. Paper, 42
pages. Price, 10 cents.
=Thirty Sterling Songs=
Edited by HENRY T. FINCK, of the New York _Evening Post_, and
ALYS E. BENTLEY, Director of Music in the Public Schools of
Washington, D.C. 8vo, cloth, 125 pages. Price, $1.00.
THE thirty songs in this collection (intended to be sung in
unison by the whole class) introduce the students to eleven of
the greatest song-writers. The songs are:—
SCHUBERT: │LISZT:
1. The Wild Rose. │ 16. The King of Thule.
2. Hark! Hark! The Lark! │ 17. A Flower Thou Resemblest.
3. Who is Sylvia? │ 18. The Loreley.
4. The Linden Tree. │
5. Faith in Spring. │SCHUMANN:
6. The Erlking. │ 19. Loreley in the Forest.
7. The Almighty. │ 20. The Lotus Flower.
│ 21. O Sunshine.
MENDELSSOHN: │ 22. Moonlight.
8. Alone. │
│JENSEN:
CHOPIN: │ 23. My Heart’s in the Highlands.
9. The Maiden’s Wish. │
│BRAHMS:
FRANZ: │ 24. Cradle Song.
10. Request. │ 25. Love Song.
11. The Rose Complained. │
12. Marie. │GRIEG:
13. Dedication. │ 26. The Primrose.
│ 27. On the Way Home.
RUBINSTEIN: │ 28. A Summer Evening in Norway.
14. The Asra. │ 29. Oh, Beware.
15. The Dewdrops Glitter. │
│MACDOWELL:
│ 30. The Swan Bent Low to the Lily.
Besides the words and music, there are sixteen pages of comments
on the songs and their makers. These supply a few biographic
touches that will give the student an interest in the composers
as actual persons and will make him eager to learn more about
them and their works.
TRANSCRIBER NOTES
Misspelled words and printer errors have been corrected. Where multiple
spellings occur, majority use has been employed.
Punctuation has been maintained except where obvious printer errors
occur.
Some illustrations were moved to facilitate page layout.
A cover was created for this eBook and is placed in the public domain.
[The end of _A History of the United States_, by Charles Kendal Adams
and William Peterfield Trent.]