(Pls. 75-80).
_Stichocyrtida et Tetracyrtida_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437, 438.
_Definition._--#Cyrtoidea# polythalamia, with annulated shell, divided by
three to six or more transverse, horizontal constrictions, into four to
seven or more annular joints. (The first joint represents the cephalis, the
second the thorax, the third the abdomen, all the following joints together
a post-abdomen.)
{1435}_Synopsis of the three Families and six Subfamilies of
Stichocyrtida._
Family LXVIII. Podocampida. } Mouth open, Stichopilida.
Three radial apophyses. }
} Mouth closed, Stichoperida.
Family LXIX. Phormocampida. } Mouth open, Stichophormida.
Numerous radial apophyses. }
} Mouth closed, Stichophænida.
Family LXX. Lithocampida. } Mouth open, Stichocorida.
No radial apophyses. }
} Mouth closed, Stichocapsida.
Family LXVIII. #PODOCAMPIDA#, n. fam.
_Artopilida et Artoperida, Stichopilida et Stichoperida_, Haeckel, 1881,
Prodromus, p. 437-439.
_Definition._--#Stichocyrtida# triradiata. (#Cyrtoidea# with an annulated
shell, divided by three or more transverse constrictions into four or more
annular joints, and bearing three radial apophyses).
The family #Podocampida# comprises those #Cyrtoidea# in which the
lattice-shell is composed of numerous (four to eight or more) annular
joints, and bears three external radial apophyses. It may be divided into
two subfamilies, differing in the shape of the terminal mouth. This is a
simple wide opening in the Stichopilida (and the united Artopilida), closed
by a lattice-plate in the Stichoperida (and the united Artoperida). The
phylogenetic origin of the Podocampida may be found in the Podocyrtida (p.
1314).
Very few forms only of the Podocampida were hitherto known, viz.,
_Stichopilium_ (_Pterocodon_) _davisianum_, and three fossil species from
Barbados, figured by Ehrenberg; _Artopera loxia_ (united by him with
_Lithornithium_), and two species of _Pteropilium_ (_sphinx_ and _bombus_,
both united by him with the three-jointed _Pterocanium_). In general, the
triradiate Stichocyrtida are much rarer and much poorer in specific forms
than the triradiate Tricyrtida, their ancestors. We have observed
altogether only forty-four species, thirty Stichopilida, and fourteen
Stichoperida; the former are disposed among seven, the latter among three
genera.
The three radial apophyses appear either as lateral ribs or prominent wings
in the thorax (Pl. 77, fig. 8-12), or as three terminal feet around the
mouth (Pl. 97, fig. 15). Sometimes the ribs are replaced by three radial
combs, or rows of spines, and these may be united by three divergent beams,
forming three vaulted bridges with numerous bows (Pl. 75, figs. 10, 11).
The lateral wings or ribs, as well as the terminal feet, are either solid
or fenestrated.
{1436}_Synopsis of the Genera of Podocampida._
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Subfamily Stichopilida.
Mouth of the terminal joint a simple wide opening.
--------------------
Three lateral appendices or wings (no terminal feet).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lateral wings are { Cephalis with
solid spines. { horn, 626. _Stichopilium_.
{ With horn, 627. _Artopilium_.
Lateral wings are {
latticed. { Without horn, 628. _Pteropilium_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three terminal appendices or feet at the peristome (all with
cephalic horn).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three lateral ribs { Feet solid, 629. _Stichocampe_.
or crests prolonged {
into the three { Feet latticed, 630. _Stichopterium_.
terminal feet. {
No lateral ribs. { Feet solid, 631. _Podocampe_.
Three terminal {
feet free. { Feet latticed, 632. _Stichopodium_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Subfamily Stichoperida.
Mouth of the terminal joint closed by a lattice-plate.
--------------------
Last joint rounded, without a vertical basal spine (cephalis with horn).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three lateral solid ribs
(or rows of spines), 633. _Stichopera_.
Three lateral latticed wings
(or rows of wings), 634. _Cyrtopera_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Last joint conical, pointed, with a vertical basal spine.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three lateral solid ribs
(cephalis with an apical horn), 635. _Artopera_.
Subfamily 1. STICHOPILIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Podocampida# with the terminal mouth of the shell open (vel
Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta).
Genus 626. _Stichopilium_,[243] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta) with
three solid lateral ribs or wings, without terminal feet. Cephalis with a
horn.
The genus _Stichopilium_ is the most primitive among all Stichocyrtida, and
represents perhaps the common ancestral form of this family. The shell is
composed of four or more joints (sometimes ten to twelve), has a wide open
terminal mouth, and three lateral solid wings or ribs (sometimes a little
latticed on the base). _Stichopilium_ may be derived from _Theopilium_ or
_Pterocorys_ by addition of new terminal joints.
Subgenus 1. _Triacartus_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.
_Definition._--Shell with three annular strictures, and four distinct
joints.
{1437}1. _Stichopilium cortina_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, with three sharp strictures. Length of the four joints =
2 : 6 : 3 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, with a slender pyramidal horn of
twice the length. The three edges of the horn are prolonged into three
strong divergent ribs, along the three first joints, and into three free
conical lateral spines, directed downwards, on the end of the third joint.
The fourth joint is subcylindrical; its circular, terminal mouth half as
broad as the third joint, which is the broadest. Pores small, regular,
hexagonal, with thin bars.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.15, breadth 0.08.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.03, _d_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
2. _Stichopilium costatum_, n. sp.
Shell conical, or nearly pyramidal, with three distinct strictures. Length
of the four joints = 3 : 5 : 8 : 4. Cephalis subconical, with a stout
pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax campanulate, with six
longitudinal ribs, from three of which in the middle arise three
horizontal, conical, free spines or wings, about as long as the cephalis.
The third large prismatic joint bears twelve parallel ribs, six new ribs
being intercalated between the six former. Fourth joint short, cylindrical,
without ribs, the wide open mouth not constricted, nearly as broad as the
third joint, which is the broadest. Pores small, irregular, polygonal, or
roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2, breadth 0.12.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.08, _d_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 244 (off Japan), depth 2900 fathoms.
3. _Stichopilium bicorne_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 9).
Shell conical, with three slight strictures. Length of the four joints =
4 : 14 : 5 : 3. Cephalis large, conical, with two stout pyramidal,
divergent horns of twice the length. From its base (in the middle of the
collar stricture) arise three internal, downwardly divergent ribs, which
are prolonged on the outside of the upper half of the thorax into three
stout, pyramidal, lateral spines (similar to the horns). The fourth joint,
with wide open mouth, was the broadest, but not fully developed in the
single specimen observed. Pores subregular, hexagonal, with thin bars.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.02, breadth 0.09.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.07, _c_ 0.025, _d_ 0.015.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
4. _Stichopilium davisianum_, Haeckel.
_Pterocodon davisianus_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 298, Taf. ii. fig. 10.
_Cycladophora davisiana_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 289, Taf. ii. fig. 11.
_Eucyrtidium davisianum_, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 328.
_Pterocanium davisianum_, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 332.
Shell campanulate, conical, with three slight strictures. Length of the
four joints = 2 : 3 : 4 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with few small pores
and a short conical horn. Thorax campanulate, with {1438}larger circular
pores, and three recurved, divergent, lateral wings of the same length.
Third and fourth joints each with three transverse rows of very large
hexagonal pores. The similar form described by Ehrenberg as _Cycladophora
davisiana_, is either a mutilated specimen, or belongs to _Lithostrobus_.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12, breadth 0.08.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.04, _d_ 0.03.
_Habitat._--North Atlantic, Greenland, depth 1000 to 1500 fathoms.
5. _Stichopilium campanulatum_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 11).
Shell campanulate, with three slight strictures. Length of the four joints
= 3 : 5 : 5 : 4. Cephalis subovate, with an internal rod-cross, and a stout
pyramidal horn of the same length. From the middle of the collar stricture
arise three divergent collar beams, which descend in the upper half of the
campanulate thorax as three divergent ribs, and are prolonged into three
free horizontal spines. (In the specimen figured these three wings are very
short; in another specimen, found afterwards, there were three solid,
pyramidal, horizontal spines, as long as the cephalic horn.) The third
joint is the broadest, of about the same length as the fourth. (The annular
septum between the two latter is by a mistake not figured). Pores
subregular, circular, hexagonally framed.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.17, breadth 0.12.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
6. _Stichopilium triserratum_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly campanulate, with three deep strictures. Length of the four
joints = 2 : 4 : 6 : 3. Cephalis hemispherical, with a stout pyramidal horn
three times the length. The three edges of the horn are prolonged into
three strong prominent ribs along the three first joints; each rib bears a
series of stout, irregular, triangular teeth. The fourth joint is without
ribs; its constricted mouth is half as broad as the third (broadest) joint.
Pores subregular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.15, breadth 0.08.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.03.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Stichopilidium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with four or more annular strictures and five or more
joints.
7. _Stichopilium macropterum_, Haeckel.
_Rhopalocanium varietas_, Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl. xvii.
fig. 7.
Shell slenderly conical, with five deep strictures. Length of the six
joints = 2 : 5 : 4 : 3 : 3 : 6. Cephalis hemispherical, with a stout
conical horn of twice the length. Thorax campanulate, with {1439}three
large, triangular, widely divergent wings or ribbed solid spines, nearly as
long as the shell. The breadth of the joints increases gradually; the last
joint is the broadest, with wide open mouth. Pores subregular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.23, breadth 0.1.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.04, _d_ 0.03, _e_
0.03, _f_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
8. _Stichopilium pectinatum_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly conical, with nine sharp strictures. All ten joints have
nearly equal length, and increase gradually in breadth; the last joint is
the broadest, and twice as long as each of the others, with wide open
mouth. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Each
joint (excepting the first and the last) bears three lateral, nearly
horizontal spines, and the bases of all the spines are connected by three
longitudinal, divergent ribs. Pores subregular, hexagonal. (Similar to
_Stichopera pectinata_, Pl. 75, fig. 11.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.32, breadth 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
9. _Stichopilium thoracopterum_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly ovate, twice as long as broad, with eleven slight annular
strictures. The twelve joints (excepting the second) are of nearly equal
length, or alternately longer and shorter. The eighth joint is the
broadest, one and a half times as broad as the slightly constricted mouth.
Cephalis small, hemispherical, with a pyramidal horn of twice the length.
Thorax (or second joint) campanulate, twice to three times as long as each
of the eleven other joints, with three longitudinal ribs, prolonged into
three divergent, slender, free spines. Pores small, regular, hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.22, breadth 0.11.
Length of each joint (on an average) 0.015 to 0.017, thorax 0.035.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 296, depth 1825 fathoms.
Genus 627. _Artopilium_,[244] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta) with
three latticed lateral ribs or wings, without terminal feet. Cephalis with
a horn.
The genus _Artopilium_ (including also the genera _Trictenartus_,
_Pterocorythium_, _Stichopterygium_, and _Clathropyrgus_ of my Prodromus)
has a shell of the same form as the preceding _Stichopilium_, but it
differs in the fenestration of the three lateral ribs or wings, which in
the latter are solid. The limit between the two genera is often not
{1440}sharp. _Artopilium_ may be also derived from the three-jointed
_Dictyoceras_ by addition of new terminal joints.
Subgenus 1. _Trictenartus_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.
_Definition._--Shell with three annular strictures and four joints.
1. _Artopilium elegans_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 1).
Shell three-sided pyramidal, with three annular strictures. Length of the
four joints = 1 : 2 : 9 : 3. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with two large,
prismatic, divergent horns of three times the length. The three prominent
edges of the second and third joints are finely latticed and dentated, and
at the basal end of the third joint are prolonged into three stout, free,
pointed, pyramidal, divergent wings, about as long as the horns. The fourth
joint is only as long as the second, three-sided prismatic, its wide
triangular mouth is armed with six parallel, vertical, slender teeth (two
between every three wings). Network very delicate and regular, in the first
and second joints with circular, in the third and fourth joints with small
hexagonal meshes.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.3, breadth of the
third joint 0.3, of the fourth 0.2. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02,
_b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.18, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.
2. _Artopilium longicorne_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 10).
Shell subovate, with three internal annular septa. Length of the four
joints = 2 : 3 : 2 : 6. Cephalis hemispherical, with a very large
three-sided prismatic horn, nearly as long as the shell. Along the three
following joints arise three broad, triangular, latticed wings, about as
long as the shell. The fourth joint is the broadest, and twice as broad as
the constricted mouth. Pores in the two upper joints regular, circular, in
the two lower and the three wings hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.13, breadth 0.09.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.02, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 263, depth 2650 fathoms.
3. _Artopilium cyrtopterum_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 12).
Shell subovate, with three sharp strictures. Length of the four joints =
1 : 2 : 3 : 3. Cephalis subspherical, with a stout, pyramidal horn of twice
the length. Along the second and third joints arise three broad,
triangular, latticed wings, about half as long as the shell. The third
joint is the broadest, and twice as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores
subregular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.1.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
{1441}Subgenus 2. _Clathropyrgus_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--Shell with four or more annular strictures, and five or more
joints.
4. _Artopilium trifenestra_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 7).
_Clathropyrgus trifenestra_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus et Atlas (_loc.
cit._).
Shell tower-shaped, nearly cylindrical, with nine deep strictures. The ten
joints are of different lengths and breadths. The third and fourth joints
are the longest, twice as long as the first, fifth, sixth, eighth, and
ninth joints. The third, seventh, and tenth joints are the broadest, and
nearly twice as broad as the second and ninth joints. The mouth of the last
joint is dilated. The second joint bears three divergent ribs, and the
third joint (as prolongations of these) three broad, triangular,
lattice-wings, and between the latter three large, ovate openings or
windows, recalling those in _Clathrocanium_ (Pl. 64). Cephalis
subspherical, with a pyramidal horn of twice the length. Pores subregular,
circular, hexagonally framed.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.28, of the first and
ninth joints 0.02, of the third and fourth joints 0.04; breadth of the
third and seventh joints 0.08, of the second and ninth joints 0.04.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
5. _Artopilium trigonopterum_, n. sp.
Shell in the upper half campanulate-conical, in the lower half cylindrical,
with seven internal septa. The four middle joints are equal in length, each
about twice as long as each of the two first and of the two last joints.
Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical horn of the same length. Along the
first three joints arise three broad, triangular, lattice-wings. Pores
small, regular, hexagonal, in the wings and the two first joints circular.
The five lower joints are of equal breadth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, breadth 0.1.
Length of the four middle joints, each about 0.034, of the two first and
the two last, each 0.017.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 300, depth 1375 fathoms.
6. _Artopilium cornutella_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly conical, without external strictures, but with twelve to
fifteen internal annular septa. All thirteen to sixteen joints are nearly
equal or slightly different in length, but increase gradually in breadth.
Along the whole shell arise three narrow, divergent lattice-wings,
increasing in height towards the wide open mouth. Pores subregular, square,
in three to four transverse rows on each joint, half as large in the three
wings as in the joints. Cephalis small, subspherical, with a conical horn
of twice the length. (In the specimen described the axis of the slender
cone was straight, in another incomplete specimen curved; this may perhaps
be a separate species, _Artopilium curvatum_.)
{1442}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with sixteen joints) 0.3, basal
breadth 0.12. Length of each single joint (on an average), 0.02.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
7. _Artopilium stichopterygium_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 8).
_Stichopterygium tanypterum_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439, et Atlas.
Shell slenderly ovate, subconical, with five deep strictures. The four
lower joints are nearly equal in length, each about twice as long as each
of the first two joints. The fourth and fifth joints are the broadest.
Along the whole shell arise three broad, triangular wings, which envelop
the long, slender, pyramidal horn of the cephalis. In the delicate and
loose lattice-work of each wing is a longitudinal series of six large,
ovate apertures, one on each joint. The small pores of the shell are
irregular, polygonal, or roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.17, breadth 0.08.
Length of each of the four lower joints 0.03, of each of the two upper
joints 0.015.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
8. _Artopilium anomalum_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium anomalum_, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 323, Taf.
vii. figs. 11-13.
_Lithocampe anomala_, Haeckel, 1860, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 839.
_Stichopterygium anomalum_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
Shell five-jointed, with four internal septa, of a peculiar, irregular, and
abnormal form. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with an oblique, curved horn.
Thorax inflated, campanulate, with three large, latticed, and carinated
protuberances. The third joint (the first abdominal joint) nearly as large
as the thorax, two to three times as long as the two last joints, the septa
of which are connected in a peculiar manner by a common nodal point on one
side. Pores subregular, circular. (Compare the detailed description of this
remarkable species--perhaps the type of a peculiar genus,
_Stichopterygium_--in my Monograph, _loc. cit._)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.15, breadth 0.1.
_Habitat._--Mediterranean (Messina), surface.
Genus 628. _Pteropilium_,[245] n. gen.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta) with
three latticed external ribs or wings, without terminal feet. No horn upon
the cephalis.
The genus _Pteropilium_ (confounded by Ehrenberg with _Pterocanium_)
differs from this three-jointed form by addition of new terminal joints.
The shell-form is in general the same as in the preceding species, from
which it may be derived by phylogenetic loss of the cephalic horn.
{1443}1. _Pteropilium sphinx_, Haeckel.
_Pterocanium sphinx_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 255, Taf. xvii. fig. 5.
Shell slenderly conical, with three slight strictures. Each of the two last
joints as long as the two first joints together. Cephalis hemispherical.
Third joint with three prominent, divergent ribs, which are prolonged along
the fourth joint into three latticed, triangular wings, ending in a free,
strong, conical spine. Pores subregular, circular, twice as broad in the
fourth joint as in the third, and three times as broad as in the second
joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.15, of the single
joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.05; breadth of the third joint
0.09, of the fourth joint 0.06.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
2. _Pteropilium bombus_, Haeckel.
_Pterocanium bombus_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 82, Taf. xvii. fig. 4.
Shell broadly conical, with three deep strictures. Length and breadth of
the four joints, gradually increasing giving the proportion 2 : 4 : 5 : 6.
Cephalis hemispherical, second joint with three prominent ribs, which are
prolonged along the third and fourth joints into three slender, triangular
pointed wings, with few pores at the base. Pores of the shell subregular,
circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.17, of the single
joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.06; basal breadth 0.11.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
3. _Pteropilium pyramis_, n. sp.
Shell three-sided, pyramidal, with five deep strictures. Length and breadth
of the six joints gradually increasing towards the wide mouth. Cephalis
subconical. Along the four first joints arise three slender, divergent
ribs, which at the fifth joint become three free, triangular, latticed
wings, with long, descending, terminal spines. The sixth joint is free,
without wings. Pores irregular, roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2, basal breadth
0.2.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
Genus 629. _Stichocampe_,[246] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta) with
three solid lateral ribs or wings, which are prolonged into three solid
terminal feet. Cephalis with a horn.
{1444}The genus _Stichocampe_, together with the three following genera,
represent a peculiar small group among the Stichocyrtida, differing from
all other members of this family in the possession of three free terminal
feet around the open mouth. In the two genera, _Stichocampe_ and
_Stichopterium_, these three feet are the terminal prolongations of three
lateral ribs or crests, while in the two genera developed later,
_Podocampe_ and _Stichopodium_, the three original ribs are lost, and only
the three free feet remain. _Stichocampe_ (the most primitive of these four
genera) may be derived from _Theopodium_ by addition of new joints.
1. _Stichocampe divergens_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, broadly pyramidal, with six deep strictures. Seven joints
gradually increasing in breadth and length, the seventh twice as broad as
the fourth. Pores subregular, circular, hexagonally framed. The prominent
edges of the pyramis are prolonged over the wide mouth into three slender,
straight, divergent feet, half as long as the shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.3, of the last
joint 0.06, of the fourth 0.03; breadth 0.25.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
2. _Stichocampe convergens_, n. sp.
Shell smooth, slenderly pyramidal, with eight distinct strictures. All nine
joints nearly equal in length. Pores regular, circular, forming three or
four transverse rows in each joint. The smooth edges of the pyramis are
prolonged over the wide mouth into three slender, slightly curved, and
convergent feet, twice as long as one joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.25, of each joint,
about 0.035; breadth 0.11.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 273, depth 2350 fathoms.
Genus 630. _Stichopterium_,[247] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta), with
three lateral ribs or wings, which are prolonged into three latticed,
terminal feet. Cephalis with a horn.
The genus _Stichopterium_ has in general the same shell-formation as the
nearly allied _Stichocampe_, but differs from this ancestral form in the
fenestration of the three terminal feet. It corresponds, therefore, to
_Pterocanium_ among the Tricyrtida.
{1445}1. _Stichopterium pterocanium_, n. sp.
Shell campanulate, with three distinct strictures. Length of the four
joints = 2 : 3 : 4 : 3. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of twice
the length. Pores regular, hexagonal, with thin bars. From the collar
stricture arise three divergent ribs, which in the fourth joint become
latticed and prolonged over its mouth into three slender, pyramidal,
latticed, divergent feet, nearly as long as the shell. (Similar to
_Pterocanium bicorne_, Pl. 73, fig. 5, but with four distinct strictures.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12, breadth 0.1.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.04, _d_ 0.03.
_Habitat._--South Pacific (off Patagonia), Station 304, surface.
2. _Stichopterium virgineum_, n. sp.
Shell three-sided, pyramidal, with four sharp strictures. Length of the
five joints = 1 : 4 : 3 : 2 : 1. Cephalis hemispherical, with a pyramidal
horn three times the length. Pores subregular, circular, in the second
campanulate joint twice or three times as broad as in the four other
joints. From the base of the cephalic horn arise three divergent ribs,
which descend over the whole shell, and in the fourth joint become latticed
and prolonged over the wide mouth of the fifth joint into three latticed,
pyramidal feet, as long as the second joint. (Similar in general form to
_Pterocanium virgineum_, Pl. 73, fig. 6.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.22, breadth 0.16.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.08, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.04, _e_
0.02.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 281, surface.
3. _Stichopterium dictyopodium_, n. sp.
Shell subovate, with five internal annular septa. The third and the fourth
joints are about twice as long as the two first and the two last joints.
The fifth joint is the broadest. Pores small and numerous, regular,
circular. The three first joints are without ribs. From the third stricture
arise three divergent, triangular, latticed wings, which descend along the
three last joints, and are prolonged over the wide mouth as three slender,
fenestrated, divergent feet, two-thirds as long as the shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, breadth 0.12.
Length of the two middle joints 0.04, of the four others 0.02 to 0.03.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 288, surface.
Genus 631. _Podocampe_,[248] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta),
without lateral ribs or wings, but with three free, solid, terminal feet.
Cephalis with a horn.
{1446}The genus _Podocampe_ is next allied to _Stichocampe_, and has also
three solid, free feet around the mouth, but it has lost the three lateral
ribs of the latter. It corresponds to _Podocyrtis_ among the Tricyrtida,
and may be derived from this by addition of new terminal joints.
1. _Podocampe tripodiscus_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, with three annular septa. The fourth joint is the broadest,
and as long as the three other joints together. Cephalis hemispherical,
with a pyramidal horn of twice the length. Mouth constricted, with three
convergent, curved, triangular feet, half as long as the last joint. Pores
subregular, circular. (Similar to _Podocyrtis pedicellaria_, Pl. 72, fig.
8, but larger, with more slender feet, and four joints instead of three.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2, of the last
joint 0.1; breadth 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
2. _Podocampe trictenota_, n. sp. (Pl. 97, fig. 15).
Shell slenderly ovate, nearly spindle-shaped, with three annular septa. The
third joint is the broadest, somewhat longer than the second and third
joints, and three times as long as the hemispherical cephalis, which bears
a strong pyramidal horn of twice the length. Along the two first joints
arise three divergent, dentate crests, each with four to six strong
pyramidal teeth. Mouth strongly constricted, only as broad as the cephalis,
with three conical, vertical, parallel feet, as long as the cephalis. Pores
regular, circular, hexagonally framed.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.14, of the third
joint 0.06, of the last 0.04; breadth 0.08.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
3. _Podocampe conica_, n. sp.
Shell conical, with five distinct strictures. Six joints gradually
increasing in length and breadth. The sixth joint is the broadest, and
twice as long as the fifth joint, three times as long as the fourth.
Cephalis conical, with a stout, conical horn of the same length. Mouth
little constricted, with three divergent, conical feet, half as long as the
shell. Pores subregular, circular. (Similar to _Podocyrtis lithoconus_, Pl.
72, fig. 3, but with six joints instead of three, and with divergent,
slender feet.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, of the last
joint 0.06; breadth 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
4. _Podocampe cornuta_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly conical, with seven distinct strictures. Eight joints of
nearly equal length, gradually increasing in breadth. Along the three last
joints arise three prominent crests, which are {1447}prolonged over the
wide mouth into three divergent, conical feet, half as long as the shell.
Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical, slender, curved horn, three times
the length. Pores subregular, hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.16, of each single
joint (on an average) 0.02; basal breadth 0.07.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
Genus 632. _Stichopodium_,[249] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichopilida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata aperta) without
lateral ribs or wings, but with three free latticed terminal feet. Cephalis
with a horn.
The genus _Stichopodium_ differs from the preceding genus _Podocampe_ in
the fenestration of the three free terminal feet. It agrees in this
character with the genus _Stichopterium_, and may be derived either from
this by loss of the lateral ribs, or from the three-jointed _Pterocanium_
by addition of new shell-joints.
1. _Stichopodium dictyopodium_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 6).
Shell subcylindrical, in the upper third conical, with six or seven
internal annular septa. All seven or eight joints are about equal in
length, except the small hemispherical cephalis, which is scarcely half as
long, and bears an oblique, conical horn of the same length. Pores small
and numerous, regular, circular, quincuncial. The last joint with wide open
mouth, and a peristome of three large, triangular, latticed, shovel-shaped,
vertical feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.2, breadth 0.11.
Length of each single joint about 0.03, of the feet 0.03.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
Subfamily 2. STICHOPERIDA, Haeckel, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Podocampida# with the terminal mouth of the shell
fenestrated (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata clausa).
Genus 633. _Stichopera_,[250] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichoperida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata clausa) with
three solid lateral ribs, or three longitudinal combs of spines. Cephalis
with a horn.
{1448}The genus _Stichopera_, and the two following genera, represent the
small subfamily of Stichoperida, or those triradiate Stichocyrtida in which
the terminal mouth is closed by lattice-work. In _Stichopera_ the three
radial appendages are either solid lateral ribs or longitudinal combs of
spines; the closed basal part of the shell is rounded, not pointed. It may
be derived either from _Stichopilium_ by closure of the mouth, or from
_Lithornithium_ by increase of the number of the joints.
Subgenus 1. _Stichoperina_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with three solid radial ribs, or longitudinal dentate
crests.
1. _Stichopera ovata_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, with three distinct strictures. Length of the four joints =
2 : 3 : 4 : 6. The fourth joint is the broadest, and twice as long as the
second, with hemispherical basal pole. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
conical horn of twice the length. Along the second and third joints descend
three prominent divergent ribs, which disappear in the middle zone of the
fourth joint. Pores regular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.15, breadth 0.1.
Length of the single joint, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.04, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
2. _Stichopera lagena_, n. sp.
Shell bottle-shaped, with six sharp strictures; the upper half is slender,
conical, and composed of six joints of nearly equal length, the lower half
is formed only by the last subspherical joint. Cephalis subspherical, with
a pyramidal horn of the same length. From its base arise three divergent
ribs, which attain the greatest height in the fourth joint, and disappear
in the sixth joint. (Similar to _Stichophæna ritteriana_, Pl. 75, fig. 12,
but only with three ribs and seven joints.) Pores regular, hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.25. Length of each
joint 0.02 to 0.025, of the last joint 0.12; breadth 0.14.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
3. _Stichopera serrata_, n. sp.
Shell bottle-shaped, with eight deep strictures. The first eight joints are
little different in length, and form together a slender cone, while the
last joint is four times as long (half as long as this cone), and
subspherical. Cephalis conical, with a slender, prismatic horn of three
times the length. Along the whole shell arise three divergent, serrate
ribs, which disappear towards the hemispherical, basal pole. Pores
subregular, hexagonal.
{1449}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.21, breadth
0.08; length of each joint 0.016 to 0.019, of the last joint 0.07.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 224, depth 1850 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Sticholagena_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with three radial combs or longitudinal rows of
isolated spines (instead of the three radial ribs).
4. _Stichopera pectinata_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 11).
Shell club-shaped, with nine sharp strictures. The nine upper joints
increase gradually in length and breadth, and are together three times as
long as the inflated, inversely campanulate and rounded last joint. Each
joint (excepting the first and the last) bears three thin, bristle-shaped
spines, which are directed obliquely upwards. Cephalis subspherical, with a
slender, conical horn of twice the length. Pores subregular, in the upper
half circular, in the lower hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.22, breadth 0.09;
length of the eighth and ninth joints 0.02, of the last joint 0.075.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 241, depth 2300 fathoms.
5. _Stichopera clavata_, n. sp.
Shell club-shaped, with eight sharp strictures, very similar in form and
structure to that of the preceding species, but differing from it in the
club-like form of the inflated last joint, which is nearly half as long as
the shell; its lower half is broader than the upper (the reverse being the
case in the preceding species). The lateral spines of the three combs are
not directed upwards, but downwards. Cephalis with a curved, conical horn
of the same length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.2, breadth 0.08;
length of the eighth joint 0.02, of the last joint 0.09.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 298, depth 2225 fathoms.
6. _Stichopera verticillata_, n. sp.
Shell club-shaped, with ten sharp strictures, similar in form and structure
to that of the two preceding species, but differing from them in the ovate
form of the slender last joint, which is one-third as long as the whole
shell, and five times as long as the preceding joint. The lateral spines of
the three combs are directed nearly horizontally, and are much more
numerous, each joint (excepting the first and last) bears six to twelve
spines (two, three, or four in each radius). They form together about
thirty horizontal verticils, each with three spines. Cephalis with a
curved, conical horn of three times the length.
{1450}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eleven joints) 0.28, breadth
0.09; length of the tenth joint 0.02, of the last joint 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
Genus 634. _Cyrtopera_,[251] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichoperida# (vel Stichocyrtida triradiata clausa) with
three latticed lateral wings, or three longitudinal rows of lattice wings.
Cephalis with a horn.
The genus _Cyrtopera_ differs from the preceding _Stichopera_ in the
fenestration of the three lateral wings, and bears therefore to it the same
relation that _Sethornithium_ exhibits to _Lithornithium_ among the
Tricyrtida.
Subgenus 1. _Artopera_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.
_Definition._--Shell with three annular strictures and four joints.
1. _Cyrtopera thoracoptera_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 3).
_Artopera thoracoptera_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus et Atlas (_loc. cit._).
Shell inflated, with three very deep strictures. Length of the four joints
= 2 : 7 : 8 : 6. Cephalis hemispherical, with a slender, prismatic horn,
half as long as the shell. Thorax subspherical, in its middle third with
three latticed, triangular wings of half the length. Abdomen with inflated
third, and inversely hemispherical fourth joint; the third is the broadest.
Pores subregular, hexagonal, with thin bars.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.23. Breadth of the
third (broadest) joint 0.13. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_
0.07, _c_ 0.08, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
2. _Cyrtopera ornithoptera_, n. sp.
Shell broadly ovate, with three slight strictures. Length of the four
joints = 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. Cephalis hemispherical, with a slender, pyramidal
horn of three times the length. Along the second and third joints arise
with broad base three latticed, triangular wings, nearly as long as the
whole shell. Abdomen inflated. The fourth joint is the broadest and
longest, with hemispherical basal pole. Pores subregular, hexagonal.
(Similar to _Artopilium longicorne_, Pl. 77, fig. 10, but with more closely
reticulated network, and perfectly closed mouth.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2. Breadth of the
fourth (broadest) joint 0.14. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_
0.04, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.
{1451}3. _Cyrtopera gasteroptera_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly ovate, with three distinct strictures. Length of the four
joints = 2 : 6 : 7 : 6. Cephalis subspherical, with a stout pyramidal horn
of the same length. The three following joints have nearly equal length;
the third is the broadest. The thorax exhibits three divergent solid ribs;
as prolongations of these, three descending latticed wings, of about the
same length, arise from the third joint, with broad triangular base. The
fourth joint is inversely conical, blunt. Pores irregular, roundish.
(Similar to _Hexalatractus fusiformis_, Pl. 68, fig. 13, but with three
wings and four joints.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.21. Breadth of the
third (broadest) joint 0.11. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_
0.06, _c_ 0.07, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Cyrtolagena_, Haeckel, 1879, Atlas (Pl. 75).
_Definition._--Shell with four or more annular strictures, and five or more
joints.
4. _Cyrtopera laguncula_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 10).
_Cyrtolagena laguncula_, Haeckel, 1879, Manuscript et Atlas (_loc.
cit._).
Shell bottle-shaped, with seven sharp strictures; the upper part is
slender, conical, composed of seven joints of nearly equal length; the
lower part is only formed by the spherical last joint. Cephalis
subspherical, with a slender curved horn at three times the length. Along
the whole shell arise three longitudinal combs or rows of ascending spines
(three on each joint, fifteen on the last). These are connected by three
divergent longitudinal rods, so that three elegant fenestrated ribs are
formed (each rib with one series of large square meshes). Pores in the
seven upper joints regular, circular, in the last polygonal, irregular and
larger.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.17, of the last
joint 0.08; breadth 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 298, depth 2225 fathoms.
5. _Cyrtopera lagenella_, n. sp.
Shell bottle-shaped, with twelve sharp strictures, very similar in form and
structure to the preceding species; but instead of the three simple
fenestrated ribs there arise here, along the shell, three series of short,
triangular, latticed wings. The four first and the last joints are without
wings. The hemispherical cephalis bears a curved conical horn, as long as
the subspherical last joint. The twelve joints of the upper conical part
are nearly equal in length, with regular, small, hexagonal pores. The last
inflated joint is one-third as long as the shell, and has larger,
irregular, polygonal pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with thirteen joints) 0.25, of the last
joint 0.08; breadth 0.1.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 300, depth 1375 fathoms.
{1452}Genus 635. _Artopera_,[252] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.
_Definition._--#Stichoperida# with three solid lateral ribs or wings, and
with a vertical basal spine on the end of the pointed last joint. Cephalis
with a horn.
The genus _Artopera_ differs from its ancestral genus, _Stichopera_, in the
development of a vertical terminal spine on the end of the last joint, and
bears therefore to it the same relation that _Rhopalatractus_ exhibits to
_Rhopalocanium_ among the Tricyrtida.
1. _Artopera loxia_, Haeckel.
_Lithornithium loxia_, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxxvi. fig. 8;
Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1875, p. 78, Taf. iv. fig. 8.
Shell spindle-shaped, with three deep strictures. Length of the four joints
= 2 : 5 : 5 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, hyaline, without pores, with a
thick conical horn of the same length. From the two following joints, which
are nearly equal in size and of campanulate form, arise, with broad base,
three divergent, slender, triangular wings. The fourth joint is smaller,
inversely conical, and bears on the basal pole a strong, three-sided
pyramidal, vertical spine, half as long as the shell. Pores subregular,
circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.07.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.055, _c_ 0.055, _d_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
2. _Artopera motacilla_, n. sp.
Shell spindle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Length of the four
joints = 1 : 2 : 3 : 2. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of twice
the length. From the second joint arise three longitudinal, smooth,
divergent ribs, which are prolonged over the third joint, and terminate at
the third stricture in three short, conical teeth. The fourth is inversely
conical, and bears on the basal pole a strong, vertical, cylindrical spine,
nearly half as long as the shell. Pores subregular, circular, hexagonally
framed. (Similar to _Rhopalatractus pentacanthus_, Pl. 68, fig. 11, but
differing in the presence of three sharp strictures, and a large, conical,
basal joint).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18. Breadth of
third (broadest) joint 0.09. Length of the single joint, _a_ 0.02, _b_
0.04, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific (Philippine Sea), Station 198, depth
2150 fathoms.
3. _Artopera fusiformis_, n. sp.
Shell spindle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Length of the four
joints = 2 : 3 : 5 : 5. Cephalis conical, with a strong, conical horn of
the same length. Along the three first joints arise {1453}three divergent,
irregularly dentate ribs, which at the second joint bear stronger,
pyramidal teeth, also at the third stricture a strong, terminal tooth.
Fourth joint without ribs, inversely conical, with a strong, conical,
terminal spine of half the length on the basal pole. Pores subregular,
circular, double-edged.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.15. Breadth of the
third (broadest) joint 0.08. Length of the single joint, _a_ 0.02, _b_
0.03, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
Family LXIX. #PHORMOCAMPIDA#, n. fam.
_Artophormida et Artophænida, Stichophormida et Stichophænida_, Haeckel,
1881, Prodromus, pp. 438, 439.
_Definition._--#Stichocyrtida# multiradiata. (#Cyrtoidea# with an annulated
shell, divided by three or more transverse constrictions into four or more
annular joints, with numerous, four to nine or more, radial apophyses.)
The family #Phormocampida# comprises those #Cyrtoidea# in which the
lattice-shell is composed of numerous (four to eight or more) annular
joints, and bears numerous (four to eight or more) radial apophyses. We
divide it into two subfamilies, differing in the shape of the terminal
mouth. This is a simple wide opening in the Stichophormida (and the united
Artophormida), closed by a lattice-plate in the Stichophænida (and the
united Artophænida). The phylogenetic origin of the Phormocampida may be
found in the Phormocyrtida.
Three fossil forms only of Phormocampida were hitherto known, two of which
were described by Stöhr as _Eucyrtidium acutatum_ and _Lithocampe
fimbriata_, the third by Ehrenberg as _Eucyrtidium barbadense_; the latter
belongs to _Artophormis_, the two former to _Cyrtophormis_. All the other
Phormocampida here described, forming together thirty-one species, are new;
twenty-two of them belong to the Stichophormida, and nine to the
Stichophænida. The latter are disposed in two, the former in four genera.
The number of the radial apophyses is sometimes six or nine, sometimes
twelve or more, usually a multiple of three. They are either lateral ribs
or wings (Pl. 75, figs. 2, 5, 12), or terminal feet (Pl. 77, figs. 13 to
18). Usually they are solid, not latticed, and not strongly developed. The
majority of Phormocampida have probably been derived from Phormocyrtida by
growth of the abdomen, which becomes annulated by transverse constrictions.
Some forms, however, may be derived from similar Podocampida, by
interpolation of three to six or more secondary apophyses between the three
primary or perradial apophyses.
{1454}_Synopsis of the Genera of Phormocampida._
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Subfamily Stichophormida.
Mouth of the terminal joint open, simple.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
{ Lateral ribs prolonged
Shell conical or { into the terminal feet, 636. _Stichophormis_.
pyramidal. Mouth wide {
open, not constricted. { No lateral ribs. Feet
{ free, terminal, 637. _Phormocampe_.
{
{ Lateral ribs prolonged
Shell ovate or spindle- { into the terminal feet, 638. _Artophormis_.
shaped. Mouth more {
or less constricted. { No lateral ribs. Feet
{ free, terminal, 639. _Cyrtophormis_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Subfamily Stichophænida.
Mouth of the terminal joint closed by a lattice-plate.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Six radial ribs or wings, 640. _Artophæna_.
Nine radial ribs or wings, 641. _Stichophæna_.
Subfamily 1. STICHOPHORMIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Phormocampida# with the terminal mouth of the shell open
(vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata aperta).
Genus 636. _Stichophormis_,[253] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichophormida# (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata aperta)
with conical or pyramidal shell, bearing in its wall numerous lateral ribs,
which are prolonged into terminal feet. Mouth not constricted.
The genus _Stichophormis_ and the three following genera represent together
the subfamily of Stichophormida, or of those multiradiate Stichocyrtida in
which the mouth remains open; they may be derived therefore either from the
Theophormida by increasing the number of the shell-joints, or from the
Stichopilida by the interpolation of new radial ribs between the three
primary ribs. _Stichophormis_ may have been derived in the former way from
_Theophormis_.
Subgenus 1. _Stichophormium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with six prominent longitudinal ribs, which are
prolonged into six (sometimes five or seven) divergent free feet over the
mouth.
1. _Stichophormis pyramidalis_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly pyramidal, with three annular septa, and six prominent
radial ribs, which arise from the collar-septum, and are prolonged on the
mouth into six free, divergent, pyramidal feet, {1455}about as long as the
shell. Length of the four joints = 2 : 3 : 5 : 8. Cephalis subspherical,
with a stout, pyramidal horn of twice the length. Pores regular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, basal breadth
0.08. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 273, depth 2350 fathoms.
2. _Stichophormis lucerna_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly pyramidal, with three annular septa and six prominent
radial ribs, which arise from the second stricture, and are prolonged over
the mouth into six free, divergent, cylindrical feet, half as long as the
shell. Length of the four joints = 1 : 2 : 3 : 15. Cephalis hemispherical,
with a prismatic horn of the same length. Pores in the first and second
joints very small and scarce, in the third campanulate joint circular,
hexagonally framed, in the colossal fourth joint very large, polygonal
(each about as large as the third joint).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.4, basal breadth
0.2. Length of the single joints _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.3.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
3. _Stichophormis cornutella_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 9).
Shell slenderly conical, with nine annular strictures and six longitudinal
divergent ribs, which arise in the middle of the shell (from the sixth or
seventh stricture), and are prolonged over the wide mouth into six slender
bristle-shaped feet, about half as long as the shell. The bases of the feet
are connected by arcades of lattice-work. All ten joints have nearly the
same length and regular hexagonal pores (in the first and second joints
circular). Cephalis hemispherical, with a very large curved horn, nearly
half as long as the shell, and on one side decurrent to the fourth or fifth
joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.16, of each single
joint about 0.016; basal breadth 0.07.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Stichophormiscus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with nine prominent radial ribs, which are prolonged
over the mouth into nine (sometimes eight or ten) divergent free feet.
4. _Stichophormis novena_, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 9).
Shell slenderly conical, very similar to the preceding, but with eleven
annular strictures and nine divergent ribs, which arise from the tenth or
eleventh stricture, and are prolonged over the wide mouth into nine
bristle-shaped feet, half as long as the shell. The length of the twelve
joints increases gradually; the tenth is twice as long as the sixth. Pores
regular, circular. Cephalis {1456}hemispherical, with a curved conical horn
of twice the length. (In the somewhat mutilated specimen figured, the horn
and the nine feet were broken off, but were well preserved in another
specimen, found afterwards.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.22, eighth joint
0.02, fourth joint 0.01; basal breadth 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
5. _Stichophormis radiata_, n. sp.
Shell slender, conical, with fourteen annular strictures, and nine radial
ribs; three primary ribs arise from the third stricture, the other six
(secondary) ribs from the ninth stricture; all are prolonged over the mouth
into nine slender bristle-shaped feet, about twice as long as one joint.
All joints have nearly the same length. Cephalis subspherical, with a
straight, conical horn three times the length. Pores regular, hexagonal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with fifteen joints) 0.24, of each
joint, about 0.016; basal breadth 0.12.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 300, depth 1375 fathoms.
Genus 637. _Phormocampe_,[254] n. gen.
_Definition._--#Stichophormida# (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata aperta),
with conical or pyramidal shell, without lateral ribs. Mouth dilated, with
a corona of terminal feet.
The genus _Phormocampe_ may be derived from the preceding _Stichophormis_
by loss of the lateral ribs, whilst the terminal feet remain. It bears
therefore to the latter the same relation that _Calocyclas_ exhibits to
_Theophormis_ among the Tricyrtida.
Subgenus 1. _Anthocorys_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437.
_Definition._--Shell with three transverse strictures or annular septa, and
with four distinct joints.
1. _Phormocampe campanula_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 13).
_Anthocorys campanula_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus et Atlas (_loc. cit._).
Shell campanulate, with three internal, annular septa. Length of the four
joints = 5 : 2 : 8 : 3. Cephalis three-sided, pyramidal, slender, bearing a
pyramidal horn of the same length, with three dentate edges. Thorax very
small, hemispherical. Third joint very large, campanulate. Fourth joint of
the same breadth, but only one-third as long. Pores subregular, circular.
Peristome with a coronal of twelve to fifteen conical, divergent feet, as
long as the last joint.
{1457}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth
0.09. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.05, _b_ 0.02, _c_ 0.08, _d_ 0.03.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
2. _Phormocampe lamprocyclas_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 16).
Shell conical, with three internal annular septa. Length of the four joints
= 1 : 1 : 3 : 4. Cephalis subspherical, as large as the thorax, with a
stout, pyramidal horn of three times the length, bearing at the apex a
spinulate knob. The fourth joint is the broadest, and has large, circular,
hexagonally-framed pores, two to three times as broad as the circular pores
of the three first joints. Peristome with a double coronal of short,
conical, divergent feet, nine on each coronal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16, breadth 0.11.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.02, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
3. _Phormocampe eucalyptra_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 14).
Shell flatly conical, somewhat broader than long, with four internal
annular septa. The four joints increase gradually in length and breadth.
Pores subregular, hexagonal. Cephalis hemispherical, with two small,
divergent horns. Peristome with a coronal of thirty to forty short,
conical, divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell 0.14, breadth 0.17. Length of the single
joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.04, _d_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 241, depth 2300 fathoms.
4. _Phormocampe metalis_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, with three broad internal annular septa. Three of the four
joints are nearly equal in length, each being three times as long as the
first. Cephalis subspherical, with a conical horn of twice the length. The
second and third joints are together nearly ellipsoidal, and are not
separated externally. The fourth joint is separated from them by a deep
stricture, one and a half times as broad, and flatly conical. Pores
subregular, circular, hexagonally framed. Peristome with a coronal of
twenty to thirty strong, conical, divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell 0.22, basal breadth 0.16. Length of the
single joint, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.06, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Cyrtocorys_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.
_Definition._--Shell with four or more transverse strictures, and five or
more joints.
{1458}5. _Phormocampe mitra_, n. sp.
Shell broadly campanulate, conical, about as broad as long, with five
internal annular septa. Length of the six joints gradually increasing.
Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, with a short, bristle-shaped, conical horn.
Pores small and numerous, regular, hexagonal, with thin bars. Peristome
with a coronal of forty to fifty divergent, bristle-shaped feet, about as
long as the last joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.16, of the last
joint 0.05; breadth 0.18.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 235 (off Japan), surface.
6. _Phormocampe conus_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly conical, three times as long as broad, with thirteen
distinct strictures. Length of the fourteen joints nearly equal. Breadth
gradually increasing towards the mouth. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
slender, conical, curved horn of three times the length. Pores small and
numerous, regular, circular. Peristome with a coronal of twenty to thirty
slightly divergent, bristle-shaped feet, twice as long as the last joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with fourteen joints) 0.22, of each
joint (on an average) 0.016; basal breadth 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 297, surface.
Genus 638. _Artophormis_,[255] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.
_Definition._--#Stichophormida# (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata aperta)
with ovate or spindle-shaped shell, bearing in its wall numerous lateral
ribs, which are prolonged into terminal feet. Mouth constricted.
The genus _Artophormis_ and the following _Cyrtophormis_ differ from the
two preceding genera in the ovate form of the shell, which tapers in
breadth towards the constricted mouth. It differs from the similar
_Alacorys_ in the greater number of the shell-joints, this being four or
more.
1. _Artophormis horrida_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 2).
Shell slenderly ovate, spiny, with three deep strictures, twice as long as
broad. Length of the four joints = 2 : 5 : 6 : 7. Whole surface covered
with strong conical spines. Six prominent, longitudinal ribs, decurrent
from the cephalis to the mouth, are armed with larger spines, which in the
upper joints are directed upwards, in the lower downwards. The six ribs are
prolonged over the constricted mouth into six stout, conical feet. Cephalis
subspherical, with a conical horn and some smaller spines. Pores circular,
of very different sizes.
{1459}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2, breadth
0.1. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.05, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.07.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 300, depth 1375 fathoms.
2. _Artophormis costata_, n. sp.
Shell spindle-shaped, rough, with six distinct strictures, three times as
long as broad. The length of the seven joints increases gradually; the last
joint is twice as long as the fifth. Six prominent, radial ribs arise from
the third stricture, and are prolonged into six slender, convergent,
conical feet, as long as the sixth joint. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
pyramidal horn of twice the length. Pores regular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.24, breadth 0.08.
Length of the last joint 0.05.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.
3. _Artophormis barbadensis_, Haeckel.
_Calocyclas barbadensis_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 66, Taf. xviii. fig. 8.
Shell slenderly ovate, smooth, with three sharp strictures, twice as long
as broad. Length of the four joints = 1 : 2 : 3 : 2. Nine prominent
longitudinal ribs arise from the third joint, and are prolonged into nine
slender, conical, little convergent feet. Cephalis hemispherical, with a
conical horn of the same length. Pores subregular, circular, twice as large
in the third joint as in the second; the fourth joint bears above a circle
of nine very large pores (alternate with the nine ribs), and below two or
three circles of smaller pores (eighteen to twenty-seven in the
circumference). Mouth somewhat constricted. The figure of Ehrenberg is
incomplete, the horn of the cephalis and the nine feet being broken off.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16, breadth 0.08.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Genus 639. _Cyrtophormis_,[256] n. gen.
_Definition._--#Stichophormida# (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata aperta)
with ovate or spindle-shaped shell, without lateral ribs. Mouth
constricted, with a corona of terminal feet.
The genus _Cyrtophormis_ may be derived from the preceding _Artophormis_ by
reduction of the lateral ribs, whilst the terminal feet (as their free
prolongations) remain, and form a corona around the mouth. Sometimes also
each constriction bears {1460}a corona of spines. It corresponds to
_Calocyclas_ among the Tricyrtida and _Anthocyrtis_ among the Dicyrtida.
Subgenus 1. _Cyrtophormium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with six (sometimes five or seven) feet on the
peristome (three perradial alternate with three interradial).
1. _Cyrtophormis armata_, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 17).
Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with three annular septa. Length of the four
joints = 3 : 4 : 5 : 6. The third joint is the broadest, being twice as
broad as the constricted mouth. Pores irregular, roundish. Cephalis
conical, armed with a bunch of strong, conical spines, and distinguished by
double-contoured pores. Peristome with six (sometimes five or seven)
triangular, vertical, parallel, or slightly divergent feet.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.09.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.03, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.05, _d_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
2. _Cyrtophormis ovata_, n. sp.
Shell rough, ovate, very thick-walled, with three distinct strictures.
Length of the four joints = 1 : 1 : 2 : 3. The fourth joint is the
broadest, inversely hemispherical, and three times as broad as the
constricted mouth. Pores regular, circular, hexagonally framed. Cephalis
hemispherical, with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Peristome with a
coronal of six short, conical, curved, outwardly convex teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2, breadth 0.14.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.06, _d_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Cyrtophormiscus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with nine (sometimes eight or ten) feet on the
peristome (three perradial alternate with six interradial).
3. _Cyrtophormis cingulata_, n. sp. (Pl. 78, fig. 18).
Shell spiny, spindle-shaped, with three internal annular septa, and three
external girdles of spines. The second and third joints are of nearly equal
length, twice as broad as the first, and half as broad as the fourth joint.
The third joint is the broadest, and twice as broad as the constricted
mouth. Pores subregular, circular. Cephalis hemispherical, with a large
apical horn, and {1461}a coronal of six strong ascending spines. Peristome
beyond the stricture of the mouth somewhat dilated, with nine triangular,
divergent teeth (broken off in the specimen figured).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.09.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.04, _d_ 0.08.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 224, depth 1850 fathoms.
4. _Cyrtophormis aculeata_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, slenderly ovate, with five distinct strictures, each with a
girdle of spines. The three middle joints are of nearly equal length, each
half as long as the second, and one-third as long as the sixth joint. The
fifth joint is the broadest, twice as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores
regular, circular. Cephalis conical, with a bunch of strong, divergent
spines. Peristome with nine strong, conical, vertical, parallel teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, breadth 0.08.
Length of the first joint 0.02, the second 0.04, the three following 0.02,
the sixth 0.06.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 241, depth 2300 fathoms.
5. _Cyrtophormis acutata_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium acutatum_, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 105, Taf.
iv. fig. 11.
Shell rough, spindle-shaped, with six annular strictures. The third,
fourth, and seventh joints are equal in length, three times as long as the
first and the fifth joints. The fourth joint is the broadest, four times as
broad as the constricted mouth. Pores irregular, roundish. Cephalis small,
subspherical, with a short conical horn. Peristome with nine (?) irregular,
triangular, little convergent teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.22, breadth 0.11.
Length of the third, fourth, and seventh joints 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily; Grotte (Stöhr).
Subgenus 3. _Acanthocyrtis_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with numerous (twelve to twenty or more) terminal
feet.
6. _Cyrtophormis cylindrica_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 17).
Shell rough, subcylindrical, with three annular septa. The fourth
cylindrical joint is four times as long as the second and the third joints.
These three joints are nearly equal in breadth. Pores small and numerous,
almost square, in regular, transverse rows; two to three in the first
joint, five to six in the second and in the third, fourteen to sixteen in
the fourth joint. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, with a short, pyramidal horn.
Peristome half as broad as the shell, hyaline, with a coronal of numerous,
very delicate, vertical feet.
{1462}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.2, breadth,
0.08. Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.03, _d_ 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
7. _Cyrtophormis corona_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 15).
Shell smooth, conical, ovate, with three deep strictures, about twice as
long as broad. The fourth joint is the broadest, inflated, and three times
as long as the second and the third joints. Pores small and numerous,
circular, in regular, transverse rows; two in the first joint, four in the
second and third, and ten in the fourth joint. Cephalis hemispherical, with
a stout, pyramidal horn. Peristome two-thirds as broad as the fourth joint,
with twelve to fifteen triangular, convergent teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.16, breadth 0.08.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.01, _b_ 0.03, _c_ 0.03, _d_ 0.09.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
8. _Cyrtophormis cornuta_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 18).
Shell thorny, spindle-shaped, with three distinct strictures. Length of the
four joints = 2 : 4 : 3 : 5. The third joint is the broadest. Pores
circular, of different sizes, in the three first joints double-contoured.
Cephalis subspherical, with a large, conical horn of three times the
length. The fourth joint is inversely conical, three times as broad as the
constricted mouth. Peristome with a coronal of numerous (ten to twenty)
irregular, thin, partly forked teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.14, breadth 0.07.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.03, _d_ 0.05.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
9. _Cyrtophormis fimbriata_, Haeckel.
_Lithocampe fimbriata_, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 103, pl.
iv. fig. 3.
Shell rough, spindle-shaped, with six annular septa. The fifth joint is the
longest, twice as long as each of the three preceding joints, and four
times as long as the sixth. The fourth joint is the broadest, three times
as broad as the constricted mouth. Pores small, regular, circular. Cephalis
small, subspherical, with a small, conical horn (broken off in the specimen
figured). Peristome with an irregular, double coronal of ten to twenty
vertical teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.25, breadth 0.1.
Length of the fifth joint 0.06, of each of the three preceding 0.03.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms; fossil in
Sicily (Grotte, Caltanisetta).
10. _Cyrtophormis turrita_, n. sp.
Shell smooth, nearly conical, twice as long as broad, with twelve sharp
strictures. The thirteen joints increase gradually in length and breadth.
The last joint is much longer than any of {1463}the others, twice as long
as the eleventh, and twice as broad as the ninth joint. The constricted
mouth on its lower surface is only one-third as broad. Cephalis small,
hemispherical, with a short, conical horn. Peristome with a coronal of
twenty to thirty delicate, partly confluent, vertical teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with thirteen joints) 0.26, breadth
0.12.
_Habitat._--South-Eastern Pacific, Station 299 (off Valparaiso), depth 2160
fathoms.
11. _Cyrtophormis turricula_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 5).
Shell smooth, slender, tower-shaped, with fourteen distinct strictures. The
ten first joints are nearly equal in length. The twelfth joint is the
largest, three to four times as long as each of the preceding, and broader
than all the others, twice as broad as the suddenly constricted mouth.
Pores small and numerous, regular, circular, quincuncial. Cephalis small,
subspherical, with a pyramidal horn of three times the length. Peristome
with a coronal of twenty to thirty very delicate, partly confluent, short,
vertical teeth.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with fifteen joints) 0.3, breadth 0.1.
Length of the twelfth joint 0.05.
_Habitat._--South-Eastern Pacific, Station 298 (off Valparaiso), depth 2225
fathoms.
Subfamily 2. STICHOPHÆNIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Phormocampida# with the terminal mouth of the shell
fenestrated (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata clausa).
Genus 640. _Artophæna_,[257] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.
_Definition._--#Stichophænida# (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata clausa) with
six radial ribs or wings.
The genus _Artophæna_ and the following genus _Stichophæna_ represent
together the small subfamily of Stichophænida, or of those #Cyrtoidea# in
which the multiradiate shell is composed of numerous (four or more) joints,
and closed at the end by a lattice-plate. The number of the lateral, solid,
or latticed appendages is six in _Artophæna_, nine in _Stichophæna_. They
may have been derived either from the _Stichophormida_ by closure of the
terminal mouth, or from the _Stichoperida_ by intercalation of three or six
interradial appendages.
1. _Artophæna ærostatica_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 4).
Shell four-jointed, with three sharp strictures and internal septa. The
fourth joint is subspherical, longer than the three first joints together,
and twice as broad as these. The second joint is {1464}twice as long as the
first and the third, and armed with six divergent, stout, pyramidal, radial
spines or wings of the same length. Cephalis flat, cap-shaped, with an
oblique pyramidal horn of twice the length. Pores regular, circular,
hexagonally framed.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.12.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.02, _d_ 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
2. _Artophæna senaria_, n. sp.
Shell pear-shaped, with five distinct strictures. Length of the four middle
joints little different. The fifth joint is the broadest. From the first
stricture there arise six radial ribs, which at the fourth are prominent as
six short, conical, divergent spines. The last joint is inversely
hemispherical, twice as long as the preceding. Cephalis hemispherical, with
a conical horn of the same length. Pores regular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.14, breadth 0.09; of
each joint 0.02, of the last 0.04.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 273, depth 2350 fathoms.
3. _Artophæna hexalatractus_, n. sp.
Shell spindle-shaped, with three sharp strictures, and six triangular,
latticed, divergent wings, which arise from the collar stricture and
descend along the two middle joints. Their terminal points fall into the
same plane as the basal end of the fourth inversely conical joint. Length
of the four joints = 1 : 2 : 4 : 2. Cephalis hemispherical, with a conical
horn of the same length. (Similar to _Theophæna hexaptera_, Pl. 68, fig.
13, but with three distinct internal annular septa, corresponding to the
three external strictures.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.18, breadth 0.08.
Length of the four single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.04, _c_ 0.08, _d_ 0.04.
_Habitat._--South Pacific (off Juan Fernandez), Station 300, depth 1375
fathoms.
4. _Artophæna hexapodiscus_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, without external strictures, but with five internal annular
septa. Length of the six joints = 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 3 : 6. Cephalis
hemispherical, with a stout conical horn of twice the length. The last
joint is the broadest, inversely hemispherical. From the fourth and fifth
joints arise six divergent ribs, which are prolonged over the fifth
stricture into six triangular, divergent, fenestrated feet, about as long
as the last joint. Pores in the upper half of the shell regular, circular,
in the lower half irregular, roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2, breadth 0.12.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.015, _b_ 0.025, _c_ 0.03, _d_ 0.04, _e_
0.03, _f_ 0.06.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
{1465}Genus 641. _Stichophæna_,[258] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 439.
_Definition._--#Stichophænida# (vel Stichocyrtida multiradiata clausa) with
nine radial ribs or wings.
The genus _Stichophæna_ differs from the preceding _Artophæna_ in the
typical number of the radial lateral appendages, being nine in the former,
six in the latter. Usually these are simple ribs enclosed in the
shell-wall, more rarely prominent wings.
Subgenus 1. _Stichophænidium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Last joint of the shell rounded, without basal spines.
1. _Stichophæna ritteriana_, n. sp. (Pl. 75, fig. 12).
Shell pear-shaped, twice as long as broad, with seven internal annular
septa. The upper half is slenderly conical, composed of seven joints of
nearly equal length, gradually increasing in breadth. The lower half is
formed only by the eighth joint, which is very large, subglobose, inflated,
and as long as the seven other joints together. The spherical cephalis
bears a conical horn of the same length. From the thorax arise at equal
distances nine radial ribs in the form of thin, triangular lamellæ, which
attain their greatest height in the sixth joint, and form nine elegant,
denticulate crests in the eighth joint. Pores small and numerous,
subregular, circular. This beautiful species is dedicated to my honourable
friend, Dr. Paul von Ritter, the magnanimous philanthropist and liberal
protector of free science, who founded in the University of Jena the first
professorial chair of Darwinism and phylogeny.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.24, breadth 0.12.
Length of each of the first seven joints 0.015; diameter of the
subspherical last joint 0.12.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 300 (off Juan Fernandez), depth 1375
fathoms.
2. _Stichophæna darwiniana_, n. sp.
Shell pear-shaped, twice as long as broad, with six distinct strictures.
The last joint is the broadest and twice as long as the sixth, three times
as long as each of the five preceding joints. The hemispherical cephalis
bears a conical horn of twice the length. From the third joint arise nine
radial ribs, which reach the sixth joint, but are not developed in the last
hemispherical joint. Pores irregular, roundish.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.2, breadth 0.1.
Length of five first joints, each 0.018 to 0.022, of the sixth 0.03, of the
seventh joint 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
{1466}3. _Stichophæna goetheana_, n. sp.
Shell ovate, one and a half times as long as broad, rough, with five
internal annular septa. The six joints gradually increase in length and
breadth. The last joint is the broadest, and half as long as the five
others together. The hemispherical cephalis bears a pyramidal horn of twice
the length. From the thorax arise nine radial ribs, which attain their
greatest height in the fourth joint and reach the fifth joint, but are not
developed in the last ovate joint. Pores subregular, circular.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.22, breadth 0.14.
Length of the single joints, _a_ 0.02, _b_ 0.025, _c_ 0.03, _d_ 0.035, _e_
0.04, _f_ 0.7.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Stichophænoma_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Last joint of the shell pointed, armed with a polar, basal
spine, or a bunch of spines.
4. _Stichophæna nonaria_, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 6).
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with five or six distinct strictures. The
third joint is the broadest and longest, and twice as long as the second
and the fifth joints. Along the second or third middle joint (beginning
from the second or third) descend nine prominent longitudinal ribs.
Cephalis hemispherical, with two short, conical, divergent horns. Last
joint inversely conical, armed with several strong, conical, divergent
spines.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.23, of the third
joint 0.05, of the last 0.04; breadth 0.1.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.
5. _Stichophæna novena_, n. sp. (Pl. 76, fig. 7).
Shell nearly spindle-shaped, with eight or nine deep strictures. The third
joint is the broadest, campanulate, in its lower half with nine prominent
ribs, which disappear beyond the third stricture. The following joints are
alternately longer and shorter, and decrease gradually in breadth. Thorax
hemispherical. Cephalis small, hemispherical, with a conical horn of the
same length. Last joint also hemispherical, scarcely larger than the
cephalis, with a bunch of conical, divergent spines.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.25, of the third
joint 0.05, of the last 0.02; breadth 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
{1467}Family LXX. #LITHOCAMPIDA#, n. fam.
_Artocorida et Artocapsida_, _Stichocorida et Stichocapsida_, Haeckel,
1881, Prodromus, pp. 437-439.
_Definition._--#Stichocyrtida# eradiata. (#Cyrtoidea# with an annulated
shell, divided by three or more transverse constrictions into four or more
annular joints, without radial apophyses.)
The family #Lithocampida# comprises those #Cyrtoidea# in which the
lattice-shell is composed of numerous (four to eight or more) annular
joints, and bears no radial apophyses. It may be divided into two
subfamilies, differing in the shape of the terminal mouth. This is a simple
wide opening in the Stichocorida (and the united Artocorida), closed by a
lattice-plate in the Stichocapsida (and the allied Artocapsida). The
phylogenetic origin of the Lithocampida may be found in the Theocyrtida.
The number of species of Lithocampida is very great, and amounts here to
more than one hundred and sixty whilst the total number of Stichocyrtida is
about two hundred and forty. They represent therefore, two-thirds of the
whole group, whilst one third is composed of the Podocampida and
Phormocampida. Ehrenberg has already described between forty and fifty
species in his genera _Eucyrtidium_ and _Lithocampe_; the majority of these
were fossils from Barbados.
This large number of species may be easily increased by accurate researches
on the great masses of Lithocampida, which are found in the Radiolarian
ooze of the Challenger, and as fossils in Barbados. The variety in the
number, size, and proportion of the shell-joints and of the lattice-pores
is very great, and permits us to distinguish a far greater number of
species than are here described. Many species are cosmopolitan, and belong
to the most common forms of Radiolaria.
This large number of species requires to be disposed in different genera,
but the distinction of these latter is a rather difficult task, since the
exterior of the shell, as well as its internal structure, offers no
striking differences (compare Pls. 78 to 80). In my Monograph (1862, pp.
312 to 319) I have already pointed out the difficulty of distinguishing
between _Lithocampe_ and _Eucyrtidium_. The general form of the shell
exhibits a continuous series of transformations, from a flat, conical, or
nearly discoidal form, through cylindrical to ovate, or spindle-shaped
shells, the wide open terminal mouth becoming more or less constricted, and
finally (in the Stichocapsida) closed. The absence or presence of an apical
horn may further serve for the distinction of genera. A peculiar small
group is represented by the Spirocampida (_Spirocyrtis_, _Spirocampe_, Pl.
76, figs. 11 to 17), the transverse latticed girdles separating the single
joints, which are usually parallel and horizontal, becoming here partly
connected, so that they form a descending spiral.
{1468}_Synopsis of the Genera of Lithocampida._
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Subfamily Stichocorida.
Terminal mouth of the last shell-joint a simple wide opening.
--------------------
All annular septa or transverse strictures of the shell separated,
parallel, not connected by a spiral line.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
{ Conical, { With horn, 642. _Lithostrobus_.
Shell conical { gradually {
or cylindrical. { dilated. { No horn, 643. _Dictyomitra_.
Mouth of the {
last joint wide { Conical above, {
open, not { cylindrical { With horn, 644. _Stichocorys_.
distinctly { below. {
constricted. {
{ Cylindrical or { With horn, 645. _Artostrobus_.
{ subcylindrical. {
{ { No horn, 646. _Lithomitra_.
{ { Last joint
{ { not tubular, 647. _Eucyrtidium_.
{ Cephalis with {
Shell ovate or { a horn. { Last joint a
spindle-shaped. { { long tube, 648. _Eusyringium_.
Mouth of the {
last joint { { Cephalis with
constricted. { Cephalis { tube. 649. _Siphocampe_.
{ without horn. {
{ { Cephalis
{ { without tube, 650. _Lithocampe_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annular septa or transverse strictures of the shell all or partly
obliquely descending and connected spirally.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
With horn, 651. _Spirocyrtis_.
No horn, 652. _Spirocampe_.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Subfamily Stichocapsida.
Terminal mouth closed by a lattice-plate.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Last joint rounded, without a { With horn, 653. _Cyrtocapsa_.
vertical basal spine. {
{ No horn, 654. _Stichocapsa_.
Last joint conical, pointed, with { Cephalis
a vertical, basal spine. { with horn, 655. _Artocapsa_.
Subfamily 1. STICHOCORIDA, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438.
_Definition._--#Lithocampida# with the terminal mouth of the shell open
(vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta).
Genus 642. _Lithostrobus_,[259] Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.,
vol. xxxvi. p. 529.
_Definition._--#Stichocorida# (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta), with
conical shell, gradually dilated towards the wide open mouth. Cephalis with
a horn.
The genus _Lithostrobus_ is probably the most primitive among the
Lithocampida, and comprises those forms of this family in which the
slender, conical shell is gradually dilated towards the wide, terminal
mouth, each joint being broader than the preceding. {1469}It may be derived
from _Theoconus_ by increase in the number of the joints. Some species are
distinguished by a curved axis, which gives them a horn-like appearance;
these may be separated as a peculiar genus, _Cornustrobus_.
Subgenus 1. _Conostrobus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell regularly conical, with straight axis; all joints
nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth.
1. _Lithostrobus monostichus_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis, and eight to ten deep
strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, gradually increasing in
breadth; the eighth joint twice as broad as the fourth. In each joint only
a single transverse series of small, circular, regular pores. Horn of the
cephalis conical, straight, of twice the length. (Similar to _Lithostrobus
tetrastichus_, Pl. 80, fig. 6, but in each joint there is only a single
series of pores.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.2, of each joint
0.02; breadth of the fourth joint 0.03, of the eight 0.06.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
2. _Lithostrobus distichus_, n. sp.
Shell conical, papillate, with straight axis, and four to six deep
strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, the fifth twice as broad
as the second. In each joint two transverse rows of large, circular pores.
Horn of the cephalis stout, straight, conical, of the same length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18, of each joint
0.03; breadth of the second joint 0.04, of the fifth 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
3. _Lithostrobus tristichus_, Haeckel.
_Lithostrobus cuspidatus_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium cuspidatum_, Bailey, 1856, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol.
xxii, p. 5, pl. i. fig. 12.
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis, and eight to ten deep
strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, the eighth joint twice as
broad as the third. In each joint three transverse rows of pores. Horn of
the cephalis bristle-shaped, strongly curved, about as long as the shell
(Ehrenberg confounds this species with _Lithostrobus cuspidatus_).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.16, of each joint
0.02; breadth of the fourth joint 0.04, of the eighth 0.08.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Kamtschatka (Bailey); Station 241, depth 2300
fathoms.
{1470}4. _Lithostrobus tetrastichus_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 6).
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis and six to eight deep
strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, the eighth joint twice as
broad as the second. In each joint four transverse rows of regular,
circular pores with very thin bars. Horn of the cephalis conical, strong,
curved, about as long as two joints.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.12, of each joint
0.015; breadth of the second joint 0.02, of the eighth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
5. _Lithostrobus pentastichus_, n. sp.
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis, and six to eight
slight strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, the sixth twice as
broad as the third. In each joint five transverse rows of small circular
pores. Horn of the cephalis pyramidal, of twice the length. (Similar to
_Eucyrtidium cienkowskii_, Pl. 80, fig. 9, but regularly conical, with all
the joints equal in length.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, of each joint
0.025; breadth of the third joint 0.04, of the sixth 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 298, depth 2225 fathoms.
6. _Lithostrobus hexastichus_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 15).
Shell campanulate-conical, smooth, with straight axis, and six to eight
slight strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, the sixth joint
twice as broad as the second. In each joint six transverse rows of
subregular, hexagonal pores, with thin bars. Horn of the cephalis conical,
straight, of about the same length. (The specimen figured is a somewhat
irregular one; other specimens found afterwards were perfectly conical and
regular, with joints of equal length).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.16, of each joint
0.027.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 270 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925
fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Cornustrobus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell horn-shaped, conical, with curved axis; all joints
nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth.
7. _Lithostrobus cyrtoceras_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 2).
Shell horn-shaped, conical, with curved axis, smooth, with six to eight
deep strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, gradually increasing
in breadth; the sixth joint twice as broad as the second. In each joint
about four transverse series of regular circular pores. Horn of the
cephalis conical, slightly curved, of the same length.
{1471}_Dimensions._--Length of the curved axis of the shell (with eight
joints) 0.24, length of each joint 0.03; breadth of the second joint 0.04,
of the sixth 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271, depth 2425 fathoms.
8. _Lithostrobus leptoceras_, n. sp.
Shell horn-shaped, slenderly conical, with curved axis (like a quadrant of
a circle), smooth, with twelve to fourteen slight strictures. All joints
nearly of the same length, the tenth twice as broad as the second. In each
joint only a single transverse row of small circular pores. Horn of the
cephalis curved, bristle-shaped, half as long as the shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the curved axis of the shell (with twelve joints)
0.18, length of each joint 0.15; breadth of the second joint 0.02, of the
tenth 0.04.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
9. _Lithostrobus caloceras_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 4).
Shell horn-shaped, conical, with curved axis, smooth, with six to eight
deep strictures. All joints nearly of the same length, the sixth twice as
broad as the third. On each joint a single circle of very large roundish
pores, separated by two to four series of smaller pores. Horn of the
cephalis conical, curved, of twice the length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the curved axis of the shell (with six joints)
0.12, length of each joint 0.02; breadth of the third joint 0.04, of the
sixth 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 297, depth 1775 fathoms.
10. _Lithostrobus macroceras_, n. sp.
Shell horn-shaped, slenderly conical, with curved, nearly semicircular
axis, without external strictures, but with twelve to twenty internal
septal rings. All joints nearly of the same length, the twelfth twice as
broad as the third. On each joint three to four transverse rows of
subregular, small, hexagonal pores. Horn of the cephalis conical, curved,
of twice the length.
_Dimensions._--Length of the curved axis of the shell (with sixteen joints)
0.32, length of each joint 0.02; breadth of the third joint 0.02, of the
twelfth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.
Subgenus 3. _Cyrtostrobus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell conical (often more campanulate or irregular), with
straight axis; joints of different lengths. Cephalis not lobate.
{1472}11. _Lithostrobus conulus_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 1).
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis, and seven to ten
distinct strictures. Joints of different lengths; the fourth and fifth
about twice as long as the preceding and following joints, the former with
four to five, the latter with two to three transverse rows of large
irregular pores; the seventh joint twice as broad as the third. Horn of the
cephalis short, pyramidal.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.14, length of the
fifth joint 0.03; breadth 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
12. _Lithostrobus picus_, Bütschli.
_Lithostrobus picus_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium picus_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 1.
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis, and six to eight
slight strictures. Joints of different lengths, the second twice as long as
each of the three following, and four times as long as each of the last
joints; the sixth joint one and a-half times as broad as the second. Small
circular pores in regular transverse rows; six rows in the first and the
second, three rows in the third, fourth, and fifth, a single row in each of
the last joints. Horn of the cephalis cylindrical, half as long as the
shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.12, length of the
second joint 0.03; breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
13. _Lithostrobus argus_, Bütschli.
_Lithostrobus argus_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium argus_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 70, Taf. ix. fig. 1.
Shell conical, thorny, with straight axis, and five to seven slight
strictures. Joints of different lengths, each of the three first twice as
long as each of the following. Pores large, roundish, in transverse rows;
three rows in the first and the second joints (which in the figure of
Ehrenberg are not separated), two rows in the third joint, a single row in
each of the following joints. Horn of the cephalis large, conical, curved,
half as long as the shell.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.2, length of the
fourth joint (and each following) 0.02; breadth 0.1.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
14. _Lithostrobus acuminatus_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium acuminatum_, Bury, 1862, Polycystins of Barbados, pl. i,
fig. 1.
Shell slenderly conical, smooth, with straight axis, and four to six deep
strictures. Joints gradually increasing in length. Pores in regular,
transverse rows, commonly three rows in the first, four {1473}in the
second, five in the third, six in the fourth, seven in the fifth, &c.
(sometimes the increase of the number is more or less irregular). Horn of
the cephalis strong, conical, straight, about as long as the fourth or
sixth joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; length of the
fourth joint 0.04, breadth 0.06.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
15. _Lithostrobus cuspidatus_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium cuspidatum_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 291, Taf. ii. fig. 15.
Shell, slender, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and ten to twelve
distinct strictures. Joints gradually increasing slightly in length, the
tenth twice as long as the third. Pores circular, in regular transverse
rows; commonly two rows in the first, three in the second, four in the
third, seven in the eighth and following joints. Horn of the cephalis long,
bristle-shaped, curved. This species called _Eucyrtidium cuspidatum_ by
Ehrenberg, differs from _Lithostrobus tristichus_ (compare above), to which
Bailey had given the same name.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.2; length of the
tenth joint 0.03, breadth 0.06.
_Habitat._--North Atlantic (Greenland, Ehrenberg); Station 348, depth 2450
fathoms.
16. _Lithostrobus cornutella_, Bütschli.
_Lithostrobus cornutella_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium cornutella_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 291, Taf. ii. fig. 14.
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and seven to nine
slight strictures. Joints gradually increasing slightly in length, the
sixth or seventh about twice as long as the third. Pores circular, in
regular transverse rows; two or three in the three or four first joints,
three or four in the following, four or five in the last joints. Horn of
the cephalis thin, bristle-shaped, curved.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.1; length of the
eighth joint 0.01, breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Cosmopolitan; Mediterranean, Atlantic, Pacific; many stations,
surface.
17. _Lithostrobus tornatus_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium tornatum_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 292, Taf. ix. fig. 20.
Shell campanulate-conical, smooth, with straight axis, and four to six deep
strictures. Joints broad, gradually increasing in length, the fifth twice
as long as the second. Pores small, circular, in regular transverse rows;
in the second and third joints three or four rows, in the fifth seven rows,
&c. Horn of the cephalis small, double or forked.
{1474}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.1; length of
the fifth joint 0.04, breadth 0.08.
_Habitat._--Indian Ocean, Zanzibar, depth 2200 fathoms (Pullen).
18. _Lithostrobus seriatus_, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 15).
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and four or five deep
strictures. Joints little different in length, increasing towards the
inflated last joint, which is twice as long as the preceding. On each joint
four or five transverse rows of small circular pores. Horn small,
bristle-shaped, oblique. This common species is rather variable.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.14; length of the
fifth joint 0.05, breadth 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 270 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925
fathoms.
19. _Lithostrobus cornutus_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 6).
Shell slender, conical, subcampanulate, smooth, with three or four deep
strictures. Joints of different lengths, the third and the fourth twice as
long as the second, four times as long as the first. Transverse rows of
small circular pores; three in the first joint, five in the second, eight
in the third and in the fourth. Horn large, pyramidal, about as long as the
third joint.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.12; length of the
third joint 0.04, breadth 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265 to 268, depth 2700 to 2900
fathoms.
20. _Lithostrobus microporus_, Bütschli.
_Lithostrobus microporus_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium microporum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 291, Taf. xi. fig. 20.
Shell slender, conical, smooth, very similar to the preceding species,
differs mainly in the more slender form and the smaller pores. The first
joint has four, the second eight, the third ten transverse rows of pores.
Horn conical, as long as the cephalis. The third joint in this and the
preceding species is campanulate, and large.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.11; length of the
third joint 0.05, breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
21. _Lithostrobus quadratus_, n. sp.
Shell broad, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and six to eight deep
strictures. Joints of different lengths, usually alternately longer and
shorter. The seventh joint five times as broad as long, twice as long as
the sixth and the fourth; six transverse rows of pores in the seventh,
three {1475}in the sixth joint. Horn small, conical. This species differs
from all others in the subregular square form of the small pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.15; length of the
seventh joint 0.024, breadth 0.12.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 271 to 274, depth 2350 to 2750
fathoms.
22. _Lithostrobus hexagonalis_, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 20).
Shell broad, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and five to eight
prominent girdles between six and nine constricted broad joints. The first
and the third joints are half as long as the second, the fourth, and each
of the following joints. The sixth joint is five times as broad as long.
Pores subregular, hexagonal, in regular transverse rows; three to four rows
in the first and the second joints, six to eight in the third, the fourth,
and each following joint. Cephalis with some small spines, and a larger,
oblique, curved horn.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; length of the
sixth joint 0.04, breadth 0.2.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
Subgenus 4. _Botryostrobus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell conical, with straight axis, joints of different
lengths. Cephalis lobate, with some irregular constrictions. (Perhaps
derived from #Botryodea#?).
23. _Lithostrobus botryocyrtis_, n. sp. (Pl. 79, figs. 18, 19).
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and three deep
strictures. Joints of different lengths. The length of the fourth joint
equals two-thirds of its breadth, and of the length of the three preceding
joints together. Each of the latter bears three transverse rows of small,
quadrangular pores, the fourth joint has six rows. The cephalis is
irregularly lobate, with four to six prominent lobes, and two small
divergent horns (fig. 19).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.1; length of the
fourth joint 0.04, breadth 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
24. _Lithostrobus lithobotrys_, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 17).
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with straight axis, and four deep
strictures. Joints of different lengths, gradually increasing towards the
mouth, the length of the fifth joint equals half its breadth, and one-third
of the length of the whole shell. The single joints bear each four or five
transverse rows of small, roundish pores. Cephalis irregularly lobate, with
four to six prominent lobes, and the same number of small, conical horns.
{1476}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.12; length of
the fifth joint 0.04, breadth 0.08.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
Genus 643. _Dictyomitra_,[260] Zittel, 1876, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol.
Gesellsch., p. 80.
_Definition._--#Stichocorida# (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta), with
conical shell gradually dilated towards the wide open mouth. Cephalis
without horn.
The genus _Dictyomitra_ agrees with the preceding _Lithostrobus_ in the
slender, conical form of the multiarticulate shell, but differs from it in
the absence of a horn on the cephalis; the horn is here completely lost.
Subgenus 1. _Dictyomitrella_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell smooth, with joints nearly equal in length.
1. _Dictyomitra articulata_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium articulatum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 70, Taf. xi. figs. 2, 3.
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with six to eight deep strictures. All
joints nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, the eighth
four times as broad as long, and twice as broad as the fourth joint. In
each joint three to four transverse series of small, regular, circular
pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.12, of each joint
0.015; breadth of the fourth joint 0.04, of the eighth joint 0.08.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
2. _Dictyomitra macilenta_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium macilentum_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 291, Taf. vii. fig. 15.
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with five to seven deep strictures. All
joints nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, the sixth
joint three times as broad as long, and twice as broad as the second. In
each joint only two transverse series of small, regular, circular pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.08, of each joint
0.012; breadth of the sixth joint 0.036, of the second 0.018.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Stations 200 to 225, in various
depths.
{1477}3. _Dictyomitra conica_, n. sp.
Shell widely conical, with six to eight prominent strictures. All joints
nearly equal in length, gradually increasing in breadth, the eighth five
times as broad as long, and twice as broad as the third. In each joint
three to four transverse rows of regular, hexagonal pores. (Similar to
_Lithostrobus hexagonalis_, Pl. 79, fig. 20, but more slender, and without
cephalic horn.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with seven joints) 0.16, of each joint
0.022; breadth of the sixth 0.08.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.
Subgenus 2. _Dictyomitrissa_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell smooth, with joints of very different lengths.
4. _Dictyomitra polypora_, Zittel.
_Dictyomitra polypora_, Zittel, 1876, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol.
Gesellsch., p. 80, Taf. ii. fig. 1.
Shell slender, conical, rough, with six to nine deep strictures. Breadth
and length of the joints gradually increasing, so that the eighth joint is
twice as long and broad as the third. Pores regular, circular, in
transverse rows, four rows in each joint, in the last joint five to six
rows.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.24; length of the
eighth joint 0.04, breadth 0.1; length of the third joint 0.02, breadth
0.05.
_Habitat._--Fossil in secondary rocks of Northern Germany (chalk of
Brunswick, &c.), Zittel.
5. _Dictyomitra eurythorax_, n. sp. (Pl. 77, fig. 4).
_Lithocampium eurythorax_, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 437, et Atlas,
pl. lxxvii. fig. 4.
Shell campanulate, conical, rough, with three deep strictures. Cephalis
small, hemispherical. Thorax large, inflated, hemispherical, with six
transverse rows of pores. Abdomen with two broader joints, together as long
as the thorax, each with three to four rows of pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with four joints) 0.14, of the thorax
0.06; breadth of the thorax 0.08, of the last joint 0.1.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
6. _Dictyomitra microcephala_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium microcephalum_, Ehrenberg, 1858, Monatsber. d. k. preuss.
Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 32; Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1872,
p. 291, Taf. xi. fig. 24.
Shell broadly conical, smooth, with six to eight distinct strictures.
Breadth of the joints gradually increasing, length unequal. The three first
joints short, only one-half or one-third as long as {1478}each of the
following joints; in each of the former three to four transverse rows, in
each of the latter six to eight transverse rows of small, regular, circular
pores.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.09, of the three
first joints 0.03, of the three following 0.06; breadth of the sixth joint
0.08, of the fourth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Mediterranean (Candia) Spratt, depth 1620 fathoms.
7. _Dictyomitra demersissima_, Haeckel.
_Eucyrtidium demersissimum_, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 291, Taf. vii. fig. 11.
Shell slender, conical, smooth, with four internal septal rings (without
external strictures). Breadth of the five joints gradually increasing,
length unequal; the third joint the longest, twice as long as the second,
and longer than any of the following. Pores very small and numerous, in
longitudinal rows.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.09, of the second
joint 0.015, of the third 0.03; breadth of the second joint 0.03, of the
third 0.05.
_Habitat._--Tropical Pacific, Philippine Sea, depth 3300 fathoms.
Subgenus 3. _Dictyomitroma_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--Shell with longitudinal ribs and furrows between them, with
joints of different lengths.
8. _Dictyomitra costata_, n. sp.
Shell slender, conical, with prominent longitudinal ribs, and six to eight
deep strictures. Length of the majority of joints nearly equal, the two or
three first joints shorter, the last a little longer. In each joint only a
single transverse series of pores at the distal end (one pore in each
furrow). (Similar to _Siphocampe tubulosa_, Pl. 79, fig. 13, but conical,
and without cephalic tube.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.16, of each middle
joint 0.03, of the first 0.02; breadth of the last joint 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.
9. _Dictyomitra multicostata_, Zittel.
_Dictyomitra multicostata_, Zittel, 1876, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol.
Gesellsch., p. 81, Taf. ii. figs. 2-4.
Shell slender, conical, with prominent longitudinal ribs, and eight to ten
deep strictures. Length and breadth of the joints gradually increasing, the
eighth joint twice as long and broad as the fourth joint. Pores regular,
circular, one series in each longitudinal furrow, three to four pores on
each joint.
{1479}_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.2, of the
fourth joint 0.02, of the eighth joint 0.04; breadth of the fourth joint
0.04, of the eighth 0.08.
_Habitat._--Fossil in secondary rocks of North Germany (chalk of Brunswick,
&c.), Zittel.
Genus 644. _Stichocorys_,[261] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 438 (_sensu
emendato_).
_Definition._--#Stichocorida# (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with a
middle constriction of the shell, the upper half of which is conical, the
lower cylindrical. Mouth truncate. Cephalis with a horn.
The genus _Stichocorys_ is intermediate between the two preceding and the
two following genera; the upper half of the shell with the three first
joints is conical, the lower half with the fourth and the following joints
cylindrical, of equal breadth. The third joint of the shell (or the abdomen
of _Theoconus_) is constantly the largest, being broader than all the other
joints. _Stichocorys_ is a very common and characteristic form, and may be
derived from _Theoconus_ by development of a post-abdomen.
1. _Stichocorys wolffii_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 10).
Shell in the upper half (with three joints) thorny, in the lower half (with
two joints) smooth. Pores of the former double-contoured, in subregular,
transverse rows. Pores of the latter smaller, simple, scarcely scattered.
Cephalis with a pyramidal horn of the same length. Thorax with prominent,
longitudinal divergent ribs. Dedicated to Caspar Friedrich Wolff (Halle,
1759).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with five joints) 0.16; breadth of the
third joint 0.08, of the fourth 0.05.
_Habitat._--Western Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms.
2. _Stichocorys panderi_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 7).
Shell in the upper conical half (with three joints) spiny, in the lower
subcylindrical half (with three joints) smooth. Pores small, circular,
irregularly scattered, simple. Cephalis with a conical horn of the same
length. No longitudinal ribs. Dedicated to Christian Pander (Würzburg,
1817.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.18; breadth of the
third joint 0.08, of the fourth 0.05.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
3. _Stichocorys baerii_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 8).
Shell in the upper conical half (with three joints) spiny, in the lower
cylindrical half (with three joints) sulcate, with prominent longitudinal
ribs, alternating with longitudinal rows of small pores. {1480}Pores of the
upper half smaller, quincuncially disposed. Cephalis with a stout pyramidal
horn of the same length. Dedicated to Carl Ernst Baer (Königsberg, 1828).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; breadth of the
third joint 0.09, of the fourth 0.07.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 244, depth 2900 fathoms.
4. _Stichocorys okenii_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 5).
Shell smooth, without spines or ribs; the upper conical half (with three
joints) about the same length as the lower subcylindrical half (with three
joints). Pores subregular, circular, in the inflated third joint twice as
large as in the five other joints. At the lumbar stricture (between the
second and third joints) a coronal of nine very large pores. Cephalis with
a curved horn of half the length. Dedicated to Lorenz Oken (Jena, 1806).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.2; breadth of the
third joint 0.09, of the fourth 0.07.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
5. _Stichocorys huschkei_, n. sp. (Pl. 80, fig. 3).
Shell in the upper conical half (with three joints) thorny, in the lower
cylindrical half (with five joints) smooth, roundish. Pores irregularly
scattered, always double-contoured, in the second joint three times as
large as in the third. At the third stricture (between the third and fourth
joints) a coronal of larger pores. Cephalis with a small, conical horn of
half the length. No longitudinal ribs. Dedicated to Emil Huschke (Jena,
1832).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with eight joints) 0.18; breadth of the
third joint 0.08, of the fourth joint 0.07.
_Habitat._--South Pacific, Station 285, depth 2375 fathoms.
6. _Stichocorys rathkei_, n. sp.
Shell spiny, everywhere covered with short conical spines. The upper
conical part of the shell (with three joints) half as long as the lower
cylindrical part (with six joints). Pores irregular, roundish, in the
thorax twice to three times as large as in the eight other joints. Cephalis
with a pyramidal horn of the same length. No longitudinal ribs. Dedicated
to Heinrich Rathke (Königsberg, 1839).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.24; breadth of the
third joint 0.08, of the fourth joint 0.06.
_Habitat._--North Pacific, Station 253, depth 3125 fathoms.
7. _Stichocorys mülleri_, n. sp.
Shell in the upper conical part (with three joints) spiny, in the lower
cylindrical part (with seven joints) smooth. Pores in the former
irregularly scattered, roundish, in the latter circular, {1481}regularly
disposed in longitudinal series, alternate, with prominent ribs. The upper
conical part of the shell is about half as long as the lower cylindrical
part. Cephalis with a large, pyramidal horn of three times the length.
Dedicated to Johannes Müller (Berlin, 1858).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.22; breadth of the
third joint 0.09, of the fourth joint 0.06.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
Genus 645. _Artostrobus_,[262] n. gen.
_Definition._--#Stichocorida# (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with
cylindrical shell, the upper pole of which is rounded, the lower truncate.
Cephalis with a horn.
The genus _Artostrobus_ and the following _Dictyomitra_ differ from all the
other Stichocorida in the cylindrical or nearly cylindrical form of the
shell, all the joints of which are nearly equal in breadth, and are very
short, often with a single transverse row of pores only. The first joint or
cephalis is usually different from the following, often hemispherical or
cap-shaped joints. The last joint is truncate, and has a wide open mouth.
Since the constrictions between the single joints are often very slight,
some species are very similar to the Dicyrtide _Sethocorys_.
Subgenus 1. _Artostrobulus_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--A single transverse row of small, circular pores on each
joint. (Sometimes on the uppermost joints two or three rows.)
1. _Artostrobus annulatus_, Haeckel.
_Cornutella annulata_, Bailey, 1856, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol.
xxii. pl. i. fig. 5_a_, 5_b_.
_Eucyrtidium annulatum_, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 327.
Shell slender, cylindrical, smooth, without external strictures, but with
ten to twenty internal annular septa. On each joint only a single
transverse row of small pores. Cephalis hemispherical, with a single or
double small horn. Each joint about four times as broad as long.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with twenty joints) 0.2; length of each
joint 0.01, breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Arctic Ocean, Kamtschatka (Bailey); Greenland (Ehrenberg).
{1482}2. _Artostrobus elegans_, Haeckel.
? _Eucyrtidium elegans_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 70, pl. xi. fig. 12.
? _Eucyrtidium pauperum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 72, pl. xi. fig. 13.
Shell cylindrical, smooth, with eight to ten internal annular septa.
Cephalis subspherical, with a short, conical horn. Thorax campanulate, with
two transverse rows of pores. Abdomen with six to eight equal joints, each
with a single row of pores. (May be described, perhaps, better as
_Theocyrtis elegans_. _Eucyrtidium pauperum_, Ehrenberg, _loc. cit._, may
be a variety of this species.)
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with nine joints) 0.1; length of each
abdominal joint 0.01, breadth 0.03.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
Subgenus 2. _Artostrobium_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--All (or the majority) of the joints of the shell with
several transverse rows of pores, in variable number.
3. _Artostrobus auritus_, Haeckel.
_Lithocampe aurita_, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 84.
_Lithocampe auricula_, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 71.
_Eucyrtidium auritum_, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxii. fig. 25.
_Eucyrtidium auritum_, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 104, Taf.
iv. fig. 7.
Shell subcylindrical, with five sharp strictures. All six joints nearly
equal in length; each with four or five transverse rows of small pores.
Cephalis small, flat, hemispherical, with two or three small, conical,
oblique horns. Mouth of the sixth joint a little constricted.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.12; length of each
joint (on an average) 0.02, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily (Grotte, Caltanisetta).
4. _Artostrobus biseriatus_, n. sp.
Shell cylindrical, smooth, with ten to twelve deep strictures. All joints
nearly equal in size; each with two transverse rows of small circular
pores. Cephalis hemispherical, with a long, bristle-shaped, curved horn.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.24; length of
each joint 0.02, breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Tropical Atlantic, Station 348, depth 2450 fathoms.
{1483}5. _Artostrobus articulatus_, n. sp. (Pl. 79, fig. 16).
Shell subcylindrical, with elegant longitudinal ribs and five sharp
strictures. All six joints nearly equal in length, each with three or four
transverse rows of small circular pores. The middle joints twice as broad
as long. Cephalis hemispherical with a conical, oblique horn.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six joints) 0.16, length of a
single joint 0.02 to 0.03, breadth 0.04 to 0.05.
_Habitat._--Central Pacific, Stations 270 to 274, depth 2350 to 2925
fathoms.
Genus 646. _Lithomitra_,[263] Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., p.
529.
_Definition._--#Stichocorida# (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with
cylindrical shell, the upper pole of which is rounded, the lower truncate.
Cephalis without horn.
The genus _Lithomitra_ differs from the preceding genus _Artostrobus_ in
the absence of a cephalic horn, and therefore bears to it the same relation
as _Dictyomitra_ does to _Lithostrobus._ In many species the joints are
very short, and bear only a single transverse row of pores, and since the
constrictions between the joints are often very slight, Lithomitra becomes
very similar to the Dicyrtide _Dictyocephalus_.
Subgenus 1. _Lithomitrella_, Haeckel.
_Definition._--A single transverse row of small circular pores on each
joint. (Sometimes on the uppermost joints two or three rows.)
1. _Lithomitra pachyderma_, Bütschli.
_Lithomitra pachyderma_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium pachyderma_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 21.
_Eucyrtidium imbricatum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 22.
Shell thick-walled, subcylindrical, with longitudinal ribs, slightly
dilated in the middle, with ten to twelve subequal joints. On the lower
edge of each joint a single row of small circular pores. No external
strictures. This and the following species (though separated by Ehrenberg
as four different species) may be united.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with ten joints) 0.11; length of each
joint 0.01 to 0.012, breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
{1484}2. _Lithomitra acephala_, Bütschli.
_Lithomitra acephala_, Bütschli, 1882, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol.
xxxvi. p. 529.
_Eucyrtidium acephalum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 70, Taf. xi. fig. 5.
_Eucyrtidium obstipum_, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.
Berlin, p. 70, Taf. xi. fig. 17.
Shell nearly cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled, with twelve to sixteen
subequal joints. On each joint a single row of small circular pores. No
external strictures. Scarcely differing from the preceding species; the
joints are broader and shorter, the cephalis is larger (by union of some
joints?), and the ribs of the surface less distinct.
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with twelve joints) 0.1; length of each
joint 0.006 to 0.009, breadth 0.04.
_Habitat._--Fossil in Barbados.
3. _Lithomitra lineata_, Haeckel.
_Lithocampe lineata_, Ehrenberg (partim), 1838, Monatsber. d. k. preuss.
Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 130; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxii. fig. 26.
_Lithocampe lineata_, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 316.
_Eucyrtidium lineatum_, Ehrenberg, 1847, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad.
d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 43; Mikrogeol., 1854, Taf. xxxvi. fig. 16; Abhandl.
d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1875, p. 72, Taf. xi. fig. 9.
_Dictyomitra lineata_, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr., vol. xxvi. p. 101, Taf.
iii. fig. 22.
Shell subcylindrical, smooth, with longitudinal ribs, and four to eight
slight transverse strictures. Cephalis small, subspherical, with few small
pores. Thorax broader, with two or three transverse rows of pores. Each
succeeding (abdominal) joint with a single transverse row of small pores.
Variable and nearly related to the two preceding species (compare my
Monograph, _loc. cit._).
_Dimensions._--Length of the shell (with six to eight joints) 0.06 to 0.08;
length of each joint (on an average) 0.01, breadth 0.03.
_Habitat._--Cosmopolitan; Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, in
various depths; many stations; fossil in Secondary and Tertiary rocks of
many places.