Two kinds of yarn are delivered at the spinning frames, known as warp
and filling, which make respectively the lengthwise and crosswise
threads of the cloth. The filling is in its completed form ready for
the loom; the warp must first be gotten into shape for dyeing and then
arranged in parallel rows or sheets of thread for weaving. The first of
these processes is spooling, and consists simply in unwinding the yarn
from the small bobbins on which it is spun, and rewinding it on large
spools.]
[Illustration: WARPERS.
The spools of warp yarn are placed in large wooden racks or creels from
which they can conveniently unwind. The separate threads are drawn
through little wires in the warpers, and are gathered into a bunch or
rope of threads, which is wound in a large cylindrical ball known as a
warp. If any thread breaks while passing through the warper, the little
wire drops and stops the machine. In this way full count of threads and
uniform weight of the goods is insured.]
[Illustration: DYE-HOUSE.
Here the warps, after being boiled and softened to enable the dye to
penetrate, are passed through the indigo vats. Several runs are made to
get the beautiful depth of color. This Dye-house is equipped with one
hundred indigo vats, and is one of the best-lighted and cleanest-kept
dye-houses in the world.]
[Illustration: WHERE THE COTTON IS WOVEN INTO CLOTH