number of violent deaths among them in one century, 120;
driven from Padua by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, 145, 146;
return, 149
Carrara, Francesco da, i. 146, 149
Carroccio, the, i. 58
Casal Maggiore, destruction of the Venetian fleet at, i. 155
Casanova, dies of the plague during the Sack of Rome, ii. 444
Castagno, Andrea del, harsh realism of his work, iii. 232
Castellani, Castellano, writer of _Sacre Rappresentazioni_, iv. 320,
324, 338
Castelvetro, Lodovico, his quarrel with Annibale Caro, v. 285;
denounced by his enemies to the Inquisition, 286;
escapes, is condemned _in contumaciam_, and dies in exile, 286;
his chief work, a translation of the _Poetics_, 287
Castiglione, Baldassare, i. 181;
the _Il Cortigiano_, 183-189, 192, 457, ii. 37, 393, 411, 420, v.
14, 265, 518;
quoted for Castiglione's theory of Italian style, v. 257 _note_
1, 266-270;
on the physical exercises befitting a gentleman, ii. 29, 419;
its subject treated from an aesthetical rather than a moral point
of view, v. 430;
Raphael's portrait of him, ii. 28, 421, v. 522;
ambassador of Mantua and Ferrara at Rome, ii. 405, 420;
assists Raphael in his letter on the exploration of Rome, 419;
employed by Julius II. at Urbino, 419;
his mission to England, 420;
his life at Rome, 420;
sent by Clement VII. as Nuncio to Madrid, 421;
his poem on the statue of Ariadne, 431 _note_ 1, 432, 496;
his epigram on Raphael's death, 438;
his Latin verses--their interest, 490-493;
his flatteries of Julius II. and Leo X., 493;
his eclogue, the _Tirsi_, v. 222;
his Mantuan origin illustrating the loss of intellectual supremacy
by Florence, ii. 506;
his letter describing the representation of the _Calandra_ at
Urbino, v. 144 _note_ 1, 146
Castiglione, Francesco, i. 177
Castracane, Castruccio, tyrant of Lucca, i. 75 _note_ 1, 133;
his life by Machiavelli, 76 _note_ 1, 112, ii. 37;
introduced in the frescoes in the Campo Santo, Pisa, iii. 203
Castro, Duke of (son of Paul III.). (_See_ Farnese, Pier Luigi.)
Catanei, Vanozza, the mistress of Alexander VI., i. 417, iv. 411;
takes to religion in her old age, 424;
her interview with Alexander after the murder of the Duke of
Gandia, 425
Catapans, i. 35
_Catasto_, the, or schedule of properties, introduced by Frederick
II., i. 105
Catena, Vincenzo, Venetian painter, iii. 362
_Catenati_, the, an Academy at Macerata, ii. 366
Cathari, the, an heretical sect, i. 9, iv. 109
Catherine de' Medici. (_See_ Medici, Catherine de'.)
Catherine, S. (of Siena), beauty of style in her letters, iv. 173
Catini, Monte, battle of, i. 112
Cavalca, Domenico, his _Leggende dei Santi Padri_, iv. 131;
his Poems, 164
Cavalcabo Family, the slaughter of them by Tondulo, i. 120;
overthrown by the Visconti, 145;
reappear after the death of Gian Galeazzo, 150
Cavalcanti, Giovanni, his Florentine Histories, iv. 176
Cavalcanti, Guido, his metaphysical Odes, iv. 64;
his _Ballate_, 65
Cavalieri, Tommaso, his friendship with Michelangelo, iii. 429, 434
Cecchi, Gianmaria, his _Sacra Rappresentazione_, _The Elevation of
the Cross_, iv. 322 _note_ 1, 324, 357;
other plays of his written with a didactic purpose, v. 187 _note_ 2;
writes a commentary on a Sonnet of Berni's, 363;
his Comedies, 123, 141, 181, 186;
his veneration for Ariosto, 156 _note_ 1, 187;
his _Farse_, 188
Cellant, Countess of, Bandello's _Novella_ upon her tragedy, v. 54
Cellini, Benvenuto, i. 170 _note_ 1, 325;
quoted to illustrate the Italian idea of the sanctity of the Popes,
462, iii. 471;
his life typical of the age, 492, iii. 385, 439, 479, iv. 385 (cp.
v. 517);
his fits of religious enthusiasm--their sincerity, 492, ii. 18,
iii. 450, 468-471;
his autobiography, ii. 36;
may be compared to a novel, v. 120;
his criticisms on Bandinelli, iii. 173, 477;
his admiration of Michelangelo, 396, 445, 494;
invited by Torrigiano to accompany him to England, 444;
his account of Torrigiano, 445;
sets off to Rome, 446;
returns to Florence, but goes back to Rome in consequence of a
quarrel, 447;
his homicides and brutal behaviour, 447-449, 458;
returns to Rome, 451;
his description of life there, 452;
his exploits at the Siege of Rome, 455;
miracles and wonders related by him, 456;
domestic affection and lightheartedness, 456-458;
incantation witnessed by him in the Colosseum, 460-462, v. 82, 346
_notes_ 1 and 2;
his journey to France, iii. 463, v. 239;
visits of Francis I. to him, iii. 443 _note_ 1, 474 _note_ 1;
returns to Rome and is thrown into prison, 465;
endeavors to escape, 466;
given up by Cardinal Cornaro, 466;
attempt to murder him, 467;
released from prison and summoned to the Court of Francis I., 472;
his stay in France, 473-475;
parallelism of Cellini, Machiavelli, and Aretino, 479;
his _Capitolo del Carcere_ cited in illustration of the general use
of the _terza rima_ during the sixteenth century, iv. 172, v. 367
_note_ 2;
his statue of Perseus, iii. 176, 438, 455, 470, 478;
purely physical beauty of his statues, 455;
scarcity of his works in gold and jewels, 437, 479;
character of his work in metals, v. 229
Cenci, the, a _novella_ made of their trial, v. 54
Cendrata, Taddea, wife of Guarino da Verona, ii. 301
Cene dalla Chitarra, his satirical Poems on the Months in parody of
Folgore da Gemignano, iv. 54 _note_ 2, 56 _note_ 1
Cennini, Bernardo, the first Italian printer who cast his own type,
ii. 369
Censorship of the Press, established by Alexander VI., i. 411, 416,
ii. 359, 371
_Cento Novelle_, the, character given in them of the Court of
Frederick II., iv. 21;
illustrate the origin of Italian prose, 36
Cerchi, the, at Florence, i. 210 _note_ 2
Cesena, massacre of, i. 82
Cesi, Angelo, his sufferings in the Sack of Rome, ii. 444
Cette, the Bishop of, poisoned by Cesare Borgia, i. 428
Chalcondylas, Demetrius, teaches Greek at Perugia, ii. 249;
his edition of Isocrates, 376;
aids in the publication of the first edition of Homer, 376
Chancellors of Florence, list of illustrious, ii. 106 _note_ 3
Charles I., of Sicily (Charles of Anjou), summoned by the Popes into
Italy, i. 75 (cp. 539 _note_ 1);
visits Cimabue's studio, ii. 187;
his legislation for the University of Naples, 117
Charles IV., the Emperor, i. 100;
grants diplomas to the Universities of Florence, Siena, Arezzo,
Lucca, Pavia, ii. 118
Charles V., the Emperor, i. 50;
governed Italy in his dynastic interests, 98, 100;
his project of suppressing the Papal State, 445;
the final conqueror of Italy, 584;
Charles V. at Rome, iii. 438;
story that he hastened the Marquis of Pescara's death by poison,
v. 291;
his patronage of Aretino, 400, 404
Charles VIII., of France, invades Italy, i. 90, 113 _note_ 1, 164,
237, 434, 525, 539;
popular outbreak at his entry into Pisa, 343, 561;
his accession, 539;
his claims on Naples, 539, 542;
his character by Guicciardini and Comines, 540;
prepares for his expedition, 542;
amount of his forces, 554;
captures Sarzana, 559;
enters Florence, 561;
enters Rome, 564;
marches to Naples, 566, ii. 363;
forced by the League of Venice to retreat, i. 576, 579;
wins the battle of Fornovo, 580;
signs peace at Vercelli, 581;
effects of his conquest, 582-586
Charles, the Great, crowned emperor, i. 50, iv. 438;
his pact with Rome, 94;
his character in the romances of Roland, iv. 435, 445, 469
Charles of Durazzo, v. 198
Chiaravalle, the Certosa of, iii. 42, 66
Chiavelli, the, of Fabriano, i. 111;
massacre of them, 121, 168 _note_ 1, 397 _note_ 2
Chigi, Agostino, the Roman banker, couplet put up by him at the
entrance of Leo X., i. 435;
his banquets, 437;
his Greek Press, ii. 405;
his entertainments of the Roman Academy, 409;
builds the Villa Farnesina, iii. 84;
his patronage of Aretino, v. 386
Chivalry, alien to the Italian temper, i. 359, 482, iv. 6, 27, 44,
60, 73, v. 13;
the ideal of chivalrous love, iv. 59
Christ, said to have been proclaimed King of Florence by Savonarola,
i. 222, 526, iii. 214 _note_ 2, 308;
difficulty of representing Christ by sculpture, iii. 16-18
Christianity, influence of, in producing the modern temper of mind,
ii. 19;
contrast between Greek and Christian religious notions, iii. 12-21,
410-412;
ascetic nature of Christianity, 24 _note_ 1
Chronicon Venetum, cited for the cruelty of Ferdinand of Aragon, i.
572 _note_ 1;
for the good will of the common people to the French, 583 _note_ 2
Chrysoloras, John, teaches Filelfo Greek, ii. 268;
marries his daughter Theodora to Filelfo, 268
Chrysoloras, Manuel, summoned to Florence as Greek Professor, ii.
108-110;
obliged to leave by Niccolo's opposition, 182;
author of the _Erotemata_, 376
Church, assassination of Italian tyrants frequently undertaken in
churches, i. 168 _note_ 1, 397 _note_ 2
Church, the, compromises made by the Church with the world, iii. 26;
opposition of the medieval Church to poetry, ii. 60, iv. 81
Cibo, Franceschetto (son of Innocent VIII.), i. 114, 404;
marries the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, 545
Cibo, Giambattista. (_See_ Innocent VIII.)
Cicala, Milliardo (treasurer of Sixtus IV.), his quarrel with
Filelfo, ii. 286
Cicero, Petrarch's love of Cicero, ii. 73;
Loss of the 'De Gloria,' 73;
influence of Cicero in the Renaissance, 527
Ciceronianism, the, of the Humanists, ii. 108, 414, 528
Cima da Conegliano, iii. 362
Cimabue, Giovanni, story of his _Madonna_ which was carried in triumph
to S. Maria Novella, iii. 11, 187 _note_ 1;
character of the picture, 188;
story of his finding Giotto, as a child, drawing, 190, 191;
his frescoes at Assisi, 196
Cino da Pistoja, character of his poems, iv. 65;
his influence on Petrarch, 94
Cinthio (Giovanbattista Giraldi), his _Ecatommithi_, v. 60, 78;
cited for the story of the poisoning of Alexander VI., i. 429,
_note_ 1, v. 106;
their style, 103;
use made of them by the Elizabethan dramatists, 104;
their ethical tendency, 105;
plan of the work, 105;
description of the Sack of Rome forming the Introduction, 522;
his Tragedies, 131 _note_ 2;
the Dedication of the _Orbecche_ cited for Italian conceptions of
tragedy, 127 _note_ 1, 132 _note_ 1;
analysis of the _Orbecche_, 131
Ciompi Rebellion, the, at Florence, i. 221, 227, iv. 111, 150;
Gino Capponi's Chronicle of, i. 265 _note_ 1, iv. 176
Cione, Benci di, architect of the Loggia dei Lanzi at Florence, iii. 125
Cione, Bernardo di (brother of Andrea Orcagna), iii. 124
Ciriaco of Ancona, his zeal in collecting antiquities, ii. 155, 429,
iii. 236, 272;
suspected of forgery, ii. 156
Citizens, decline in the number of persons possessing the rights of
citizenship at the Renaissance, i. 546
Citizenship, Italian theories of, i. 195
Ciuffagni, Bernardo, his bas-reliefs in S. Francesco, Rimini, iii. 162
Ciullo d'Alcamo, his _Tenzone_--the character of its metre, iv. 24
_note_ 1, 25;
shows a genuinely popular feeling, 26, 42
Cividale, _Ludus Christi_ acted there in 1298 and 1303, iv. 15, 307
Civitale, Matteo, his work as a sculptor in Italian churches, iii. 78
_note_ 1;
purity and delicacy of his work, 152;
his monuments, &c., at Lucca, ii. 229, iii. 157
Clarence, Duke of, his marriage with Violante Visconti, i. 137
Classical writers, the, influence of, on the Italians, i. 197 _note_
1, 250 _note_ 1, 464;
on Columbus and Copernicus, ii. 19;
present tendency to restrict the use of the classics in education,
537-540
Clement II., i. 59
Clement V., founds the High School at Perugia, ii. 117
Clement VI., i. 135;
gives charters to the Universities of Pisa and Florence, ii. 118
Clement VII., commissions Machiavelli to write the _History of
Florence_, i. 327;
the conspiracy against him, 314, ii. 366, v. 239;
his patronage of scholars, ii. 404;
advances Giovio, Vida, and Giberti in the Church, 402-417;
sends Castiglione to Madrid, 421;
his election to the papacy, i. 443;
his conduct during the Sack of Rome, 444;
employs the troops which had sacked Rome against Florence, 283, 446;
puts Guicciardini in command of Florence after the siege, 298;
makes Guicciardini Lieutenant-General of the Papal army, 297;
his management of Florence in the Medicean interest, 222, 277, 285;
said by Pitti to have wished to give Florence a liberal government,
288 _note_ 1;
Macaulay's account of him erroneous, 320;
correctness of the character of him given by Berni's Sonnet, 443
_note_ 1, v. 368;
Aretino's attacks on him, v. 391, 392, 402 _note_ 1;
absolves Cellini for stealing gold given him to melt down, iii. 465
Cleomades (an old French romance), quoted to illustrate the gaiety of
medieval Florence, iv. 50
Cocaius, Merlinus. (_See_ Folengo.)
Coccio, Marco Antonio (Sabellicus), a member of the Roman Academy,
ii. 361;
of the Aldine Academy, 387;
his account of the representations of Plautus and Terence by the
Roman Academy, v. 138 _note_ 3
Coliseum Passion, the, question of the date of its first
representation, iv. 310;
suppressed by Paul III., 310 _note_ 1
Colle, paper factory of, ii. 371
Collenuccio, Pandolfo, his version of the _Amphitryon_, v. 140
Colleoni Family, the, at Bergamo, i. 150
Colleoni, Bartolommeo, i. 170 _note_ 1;
his statue at Venice, ii. 39, iii. 143;
description of him by Spino, iii. 144;
monument erected by him to his daughter Medea, 165;
his daughter Cassandra married to Nicolo da Correggio, v. 139 _note_ 3
Colocci, Angelo, secretary of Leo X., ii. 409;
his losses in the Sack of Rome, 444
Colonna, the house of:
contest of the Colonnesi with Cesare Borgia, i. 349;
their rise to power, 375;
destroyed by Alexander VI., 413;
friendly to the French, 551
---- Giovanni, the friend of Petrarch, ii. 149;
Fabrizio, the father of Vittoria Colonna, v. 289;
Sciarra, i. 77;
Stefano, disloyal to Florence, 284;
Vittoria, her married life, v. 289;
her virtues and genius, 292, 293;
the society gathered round her, 292;
her leaning to the Reformation, 292 _note_ 1;
Flaminio's Elegy on her death, ii. 503;
her friendship with Michelangelo, iii. 429, 433, v. 294, 296;
her correspondence with Aretino, v. 407, 408, 416;
the _Rime_, 294;
(1) the sonnets on the death of her husband;
genuineness of their feeling, 294;
(2) the sonnets on religious subjects, 295
Colonna, Egidio, his _De Regimine Principum_ translated into Italian,
iv. 35, 130
Colonna, Francesco, author of the _Hypnerotomachia_, iv. 219;
Maccaronic dialect (_lingua pedantesca_) of the work, 219, 238, v. 328;
its illustrations erroneously ascribed to Raphael, iv. 221 _note_ 1;
its historical value, 221, 225, 227, 229-232;
analysed, 222-225;
its basis of reality, 227-229;
its imaginativeness, 232
Columbus discovers America, i. 15, 29, 411;
question of his indebtedness for the discovery to classical
writers, ii. 19
Comet, a comet supposed by Gian Galeazzo to foreshow his death, i. 149
Comines, Philip de, his descriptions of Siena and Venice, i. 207
_note_ 2, 214 _note_ 1;
praises Venice for piety, 475 _note_ 1;
on the humanity of the Italian peasants, 478 _note_ 2;
his character of Charles VIII., 541;
quoted for the popular belief that Charles' invasion was guided by
Providence, 553 _note_ 1;
for the expense of the invasion, 553 _note_ 2;
for Charles' want of money, 563 _note_ 1;
on the avarice of Ferdinand of Aragon, 571 _note_ 2;
his character of Ferdinand and Alfonso II., 572;
his account of the communication of the news of the Venetian
League, 578;
his witness to the brutality and avarice of the French in the
invasion, 583 _note_ 2
_Commedia dell'Anima_ (old Italian religious drama), iv. 75
Commissaries, i. 35
Communes, the Italian, their rise, i. 33, 53-82;
the differences between them, 35, 36, iii. 43;
their quarrels, i. 36-38, 62, 66;
why the historian cannot confine his attention to the communes, 51;
their willingness to submit to the authority of the Emperor, 64, 97;
why they did not advance to federal unity, 95-98;
their public spirit, iii. 42;
the real life of the Italian nation, iv. 27, 459, v. 493
Como, traditional reverence for the Plinies there, ii. 30, iv. 12
---- the Cathedral, Luini's paintings, iii. 487 _note_ 3
Compagnacci, the young aristocratic opponents of Savonarola, so
called, i. 531, 533, iii. 307
Comparini, Paoli, representation of the _Manaechmi_ by his pupils, v. 138
Conceptualists, the, v. 466, 467
Condivi, his Biography of Michelangelo, ii. 36, iii. 399, 402 _note_
1, 406
Condottieri, the, i. 86, 87, 113, 131, 143;
their origin, 156-158;
members of noble Italian houses become Condottieri, 158, 160, iv. 459;
their mode of campaigning, 159, 160 _note_ 1;
the Condottieri system took its rise from the mercantile character
of the Italian states, 244;
Machiavelli traces the ruin of Italy to the Condottieri, 160 _note_
2, 312, 361, v. 436
_Confusi_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366
Conrad II., i. 58
_Conservatori_, name of magistrates in some Italian cities, i. 35
_Consiglio_ del Comune, in Italian cities, i. 35, 71;
di Dieci, 35;
della Parte, 71;
del Popolo, 35, 71;
de' Savi, 35;
di Tre, 35
Constance, Council of, ii. 134;
Jerome of Prague before the Council, 231, 535;
Peace of, 64, iv. 6;
not signed by Venice, 214
Constantinople, Fall of, i. 89, ii. 285, iv. 2
Constitution, the, of Genoa, i. 201;
of Florence, 201, 222 (see also Appendix ii.);
of Siena, 207;
of Venice, 214
Constitution-making, in the Italian Republics, i. 201
Consuls, magistrates of Italian Communes, i. 35, 56, 83;
their part in Italian history, 61, 62, 68
_Contado_, the, i. 66, 67;
original meaning of the word, 55 _note_ 1
Contarini, Cardinal,
his friendship with Flaminio, ii. 498, 502;
---- with Vittoria Colonna, v. 292;
his work upon the Commonwealth of Venice, ii. 502;
his Venetian origin, illustrating the loss of intellectual
supremacy of Florence, 506;
his Formulary of Faith, v. 286;
Marcantonio Flavio, takes part in the controversy raised by the
publication of Pomponazzi's _De Immortalitate Animae_, 460
Conte Lando, the, leader of Condottieri, i. 86
Conversation, the art of, invented by the Italians, ii. 34
Copernicus, discoveries of, i. 15, 29;
their importance, 15, 16;
question of his indebtedness to the classical writers, ii. 19
Coppola, Francesco, execution of, by Ferdinand of Aragon, i. 571 _note_ 3
Copyists, their inaccuracy, ii. 129;
their pay, 130;
their opposition to the new art of printing, 370
Cordegliaghi, Venetian painter, iii. 362
Corio, quoted, i. 135, 137 _note_ 1, 137 _note_ 2, 138 _note_ 1, 141
_note_ 2, 150 _note_ 1, 152 _note_ 1, 160 _note_ 1, 167 _note_ 1;
his witness to the corruption of the Milanese Court, 326, 548
_note_ 1, 554, v. 191;
his character of Paul II., 385 _note_ 1;
his description of the reception of Leonora of Aragon by Cardinal
Pietro Riario, 390;
cited for the death of the Cardinal, 392 _notes_ 1 and 2, 393;
for the history of Alfonso the Magnanimous, 568 _note_ 1;
his account of the Flagellants, 619;
his value as an historian, iv. 177
Cornaro, Cardinal, abandons Cellini to the Pope in exchange for a
bishopric, iii. 466;
Caterina, Queen of Cyprus, i. 233;
Lodovico, Autobiography of, ii. 36
Cornazano, Antonio, his _Proverbi_, v. 60, 101
Corneto, Cardinal, his connection with the death of Alexander VI.,
i. 429-431
Corniole, Giovanni della, his portrait of Savonarola, i. 509
Corrado, Gregorio, his Latin Play, _Progne_, v. 110
Correggi, the, at Parma, v. 139 _note_ 3;
how they rose to power, i. 112;
overthrown by the Visconti, 145;
reappear after the death of Gian Galleazzo, 150
---- Ghiberto da, (1) the pupil of Vittoria da Feltre, i. 177;
(2) the husband of Veronica Gambara, v. 289
Correggio, Antonio Allegri, sensuousness of his work, iii. 25, 495;
his introduction of Pagan motives into Christian art, 137;
founded no school of local artists, 184;
his _Danae_ and _Io_, illustrating his treatment of mythology, 291;
one of the four great painters by whom the Renaissance was fully
expressed, 312, 339;
manner in which his genius differed from that of Michelangelo,
Raphael, or Lionardo da Vinci, 339;
beauty and joyousness of his works, 340;
the imitations of his style in the period of _barocco_
architecture, 495
_Corrotto_, meaning of the term, iv. 294 _note_ 1, 309, 538
Corso, Rinaldo, his account of the society around Veronica Gambara,
v. 289
Cortese, Ersilia, v. 288
Cortesi, Paolo, his _Hyppolyti et Deyanirae Historia_, iv. 213
_Cortesia_, meaning of the word in Italian, v. 13
Cortona, Signorelli's _Last Supper_, iii. 289
Coryat, cited for the profligacy of Venice, i. 475
Corycius. (_See_ Goritz.)
Cosimo I. (_See_ Medici, Cosimo de', first Grand Duke.)
Council, the Grand, of Venice, i. 215-217
---- of Ten, the, at Venice, 215 _note_ 1;
its powers, 218;
comparison of, with the Spartan Ephorate, 234
Counts, the, opposed to the Communes, i. 55, 66, 67
Crasso, Leonardo, defrayed the cost of printing the
_Hypnerotomachia_, iv. 221
Credenza, name for the Privy Council in Italian cities, i. 35, 57, 71
Credi, Lorenzo di, the pupil of Verrocchio, iii. 142;
influence of Savonarola upon him, 310
Crema, the Duomo, i. 74, iii. 53
Cremona, Gabbriello da, a pupil of Vittorino da Feltre's, i. 177
Cremonini, Cesare, epitaph on himself said to have been composed by
him, v. 480;
said to be the author of the saying, _Foris ut moris, intus ut
libet_, 480
Cretans, number of Cretans who aided Aldo Manuzio, ii. 378, 386
Cristina of Lorraine, her marriage to Ferrando de' Medici, iv. 325
Criticism: criticism in the modern sense unknown to the ancients, i.
24, ii. 59 _note_ 1;
created by the Renaissance, ii. 67;
uncritical character of the first scholars, 296, 327, 337, 382
Crivelli, Crivello, iii. 362
Cronaca, Il, architect, iii. 76
Crusades, the, i. 7;
joined in by the Italians mainly from commercial motives, iv. 426
(cp. v. 505)
Culture, the culture of modern Europe due to the Italians of the
Renaissance, ii. 9, 408, 506, 524, v. 491, 505;
intricacy of the history of culture in Italy, ii. 158-140;
growth of, at the Roman Court, 406
D'Albornoz, Egidio, i. 81
Dalla Viuola, his musical compositions for the theatre, v. 143
Damasus II., i. 59
Damiano, Fra, da Bergamo, his tarsia work at Perugia, iii. 78 _note_ 2
Daniel da Volterra, employed to paint clothes on the nude figures in
Michelangelo's _Last Judgment_, iii. 426;
influenced by Michelangelo, 493
Dante, the facts of his life, iv. 70-73;
refused the poet's crown unless he could receive it in Florence,
86, 88;
his devotion to the Imperial idea, i. 76, 77 _note_ 1, iv. 161;
veneration of the Ghibelline poets for Dante, iv. 162;
his firmness in exile contrasted with Machiavelli's servility, i.
318, iii. 395 (cp. iv. 86);
his denunciations of the Papacy, i. 457;
his idea of nobility, 186 _note_ 1;
Dante and Petrarch compared, ii. 70, iv. 85-89, 90;
Dante depreciated by Petrarch, ii. 82;
points of contrast between Dante and Ariosto, v. 15, 19, 21, 28;
Dante's genius never immature, iii. 387;
the poet of medieval Christianity, v. 2, 194, 449;
between the ancient and the modern world, i. 10, ii. 13, 39, 69,
iv. 84;
the first exponent of Italian genius, iv. 84;
his superiority in lyric to his predecessors, 66;
not wholly free from scholasticism, 67;
his relation to the _Summa_, i. 60, v. 449;
the _Convito_, iv. 71;
Dante's censure in it of the writers who preferred French to
Italian, 16;
the _De Monarchia_, i. 60, 260, ii. 57, iii. 261, iv. 88;
the _Vita Nuova_, ii. 31, 35, iv. 68-70, 86, 123;
the meeting with Beatrice quoted as a specimen of Dante's style, 133;
Dante's treatment of love in the _Vita Nuova_, 90;
the _De Vulgari Eloquio_, i. 261, 272, iv. 28, 66 _note_ 2;
its citations of vernacular poetry, iv. 20, 32;
ideal of language proposed in the work, 33, 42, v. 246;
Dante's account in it of the Sicilian poets, iv. 21;
the mention of Guittone of Arezzo, 46;
Dante's remark in it on the subjects of poetry, 117 _note_ 1;
translated by Trissino, v. 306;
the _Divina Commedia_: Dante himself the hero, iv. 78;
its scientific structure, 79;
the allegories of the _Commedia_, 81;
its characteristic Italian realism, 82, v. 514;
Dante finds no place for those who stood aloof from faction, i. 73;
contrast of the _Commedia_ and the _Decameron_, iv. 104;
the _Commedia_ as an epic of Italian tyranny, i. 77 _note_ 1;
influence exercised by it on the painters, iii. 283 _note_ 2
(cp. 406);
Dante's own explanation of the _Divina Commedia_, iv. 75-77;
its comprehensive spirit, 77;
quotations:--the _Inferno_: the speech of Ulysses, ii. 330 _note_ 2;
the ancient poets, ii. 32, iii. 283 _note_ 2;
mention of the story of Roland, iv. 433;
the _Paradiso_: Cacciaguida's speech, i. 73 _note_ 1;
the miseries of patronage, 318;
the planet Mercury, ii. 39;
character of S. Dominic, iii. 205;
lines quoted to show the clinging of the Italians to their past
history, iv. 12 (cp. 151);
the _Purgatory_: the apostrophe to Italy, i. 77 _note_ 1;
the speech of Manfred, 133 _note_ 1;
the fickleness of Florence, 237;
the fleetingness of fame, ii. 39;
the Sacred City, Rome, 144;
the sculpture seen by Dante in Purgatory, iii. 149;
the Trevisan Court, iv. 15;
the praise of Guido Guinicelli, 47;
the mention of Guittone of Arezzo, 48;
the Canzone--_Donne ch'avete intelletto d'amore_, 62;
philosophical treatment of love in the poem, 62;
the song of the _Ghirlandetta_: its popularity, 261
Dati, Goro di Stagio, iv. 176;
his description of May festivals at Florence, 52
Dati, Leonardo, his Cosmographical History, iv. 240
Dati, Leonardo, theologian and friend of Palmieri, v. 549;
comments on the _Citta di Vita_, 548, 549
Dattiri, Altobello, assassination of, i. 121
D'Avalos, Alfonso, Marquis of Vasto, gives Ariosto a pension, iv. 503
---- Ferrante Francesco, Marquis of Pescara, marries Vittoria
Colonna, v. 289;
his reputed treason, 290 (cp. i. 245)
Dazzi, Andrea, devises the cars for the Pageant of the Golden Age,
iv. 397
Death, the Black, its effects at Florence, i. 259, ii. 120, iv. 111,
v. 191;
description of, in the Decameron, iv. 111
Decembrio, Candido, his account of Filippo Maria Visconti, i. 153
_note_ 1, ii. 266;
followed the model of Suetonius, ii. 533;
patronised by Eugenius IV., 220;
translates Appian and Homer, and aids Trapezuntius in translating
the _Republic_, for Nicholas V., 228, 266;
appointed Secretary of the Abbreviators by Nicholas, 229;
his position at Milan, 266;
cited for Filelfo's conceit, 271 _note_ 1
Decorative Art, wealth of, in Italian palaces and Churches, iii. 54,
56, 78
Decretals, the false, i. 3
Della Casa, Giovanni, Bishop of Benevento, facts of his life, v. 274;
his morality, i. 459 _note_ 2 (cp. v. 274);
a member of the _Vignajuoli_ Academy at Rome, ii. 366, v. 357;
said to have been refused the Cardinalate on account of the
_Capitolo del Forno_, v. 275;
his relations with Pier Paolo Vergerio, 275 _note_ 1, 381 _note_ 1;
the _Galateo_, i. 183 _note_ 1, ii. 37, v. 275;
a code of social etiquette aesthetically treated, v. 430;
the _Capitolo del Forno_, 40, 275, 278, 364;
the Latin Lyrics, ii. 497, v. 276;
his Correspondence, v. 276, 360;
the Italian Poems: sternness and sadness of their tone, 277;
translations of six sonnets, 279
Della Casa, Quirino (son of Giovanni della Casa), v. 274
_Della Crusca_ Academy, the, at Florence, ii. 366;
Il Lasca and the _Della Crusca_, v. 79 _note_ 2
Della Rovere Family, the, Sixtus IV. claims kindred with them, i. 388;
their armorial bearings, 388, ii. 495
---- Francesco (_see_ Sixtus IV.):
Francesco Maria, Duke of Urbino, ii. 419;
his violence of temper, i. 393;
neglects to defend Rome in 1527, 245, 297, 444;
Giovanni della, Duke of Urbino, 182 _note_ 2, 389, 393, ii. 419;
Cardinal Girolamo, his monument by Sansovino, iii. 156;
Giuliano (_see_ Julius II.);
Lionardo, i. 389;
Nicolo, marries Laura, daughter of Alexander VI., 407 _note_ 1
Demetrius of Crete, aids in the first printing of Greek books in
Italy, ii. 375;
furnishes the model for the Greek type of the first edition of
Homer, 376
Democracy, the Renaissance and democracy, i. 27, 28, v. 489;
gradual approach of the Italian cities to democracy, 72
Democratic principles of modern society, i. 28
Desiderio da Settignano, his monument to Carlo Marsuppini, ii. 186,
iii. 158 _note_ 2, 159;
his bust of Marietta Strozzi, iii. 159;
Giovanni Santi's description of him, 160
_Desiosi_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366
Despots, the Italian, i. 42;
their rise, 75-77, 81;
their services to art and literature, 78-80, iii. 42;
popular with the middle classes and the people, i. 83, 116;
disarm their subjects, 85;
their downfall, 89, 90;
their title rested solely on ability, 102, 117, 118;
character and effect of their government, 103;
luxury and culture of their Courts, 105;
the atrocities of the tyrants--how far due to mania, 109, 110, 151
(_see also_ Appendix i.);
divided into six classes, 110-114;
led a life of terror, 118;
their superstition, 119, 149;
their crimes, 120-125, 139, v. 441;
errors in Macaulay's account of them, i. 127;
description of them by Villani, 128;
by Ariosto, 130, iv. 506 _note_ 2;
their practice of division among joint heirs a source of weakness
to them, i. 136;
developed refinement of manners, 192
D'Estampes, Madame, iii. 474, 476
_Desti_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366
Diacceto, Jacopo del, executed for his share in the conspiracy
against Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, v. 239
Diamond, the, name of a club at Florence formed by the Duke of
Nemours, iv. 396
Dino Compagni, Chronicle of, cited, i. 210 _note_ 2, 225 _note_ 1;
question of its authenticity, 262, 263 _note_ 1, 266, 272;
Dino's reason for undertaking the work, 264;
its character and value, 265
Diplomacy: diplomatic ability fostered by the number of the Italian
Commonwealths, ii. 3, iv. 366 (cp. v. 518)
_Disciplinati di Gesu Cristo_, Italian religious societies, iv. 282, 307
_Disuniti_, the, an Academy at Fabriano, ii. 366
Divizio, Agnolo, nephew of Cardinal Bibbiena, v. 367;
Bernardo (_see_ Bibbiena, Cardinal)
_Divozioni_, the Umbrian form of the sacred drama, iv. 307;
various metres in which they were written, 308;
their themes, 309;
question of the date when they were first represented in public, 310;
their relation to the Northern Miracle Plays, 311
Djem, Prince, brother of Sultan Bajazet, his captivity in Italy, i.
415, 461;
said to have been poisoned by Alexander VI., 415, 566 _note_ 1
Doctrinaire spirit, the, of Italian political theorists, i. 202, 244
_note_ 2, 283
Doge, gradual limitation of the power of the Doges at Venice, i. 216;
unpopularity of the office, 216 _note_ 1
Dolce, Lodovico, v. 181;
his tragedy of _Marianna_, 133;
more truly dramatic than the majority of Italian tragedies, 133;
the _Giocasta_, 134;
the comedy of _Ragazzo_, 162 _note_ 1;
its Prologue cited in testimony of the prevalent corruption of
manners, 190;
his _Capitoli_, 365;
his relations to Aretino, 419
Domenichi, Lodovico, his revision of Ser Giovanni's _Novelle_, iv.
152 _note_ 2;
his _rifacimento_ of the _Orlando Innamorato_, 491, v. 376;
his friendship and quarrel with Doni, v. 88;
his collection of works of Italian poetesses, 287
Domenico, Fra (Savonarola's friend), offers to undergo the ordeal of
fire, i. 533;
executed with Savonarola, 534
Domenico di Giovanni. (_See_ Burchiello, Il.)
Domenico, S., Perugian Confraternity of: inventory of their dramatic
properties in 1339, iv. 310
Dominic, S., contrast of S. Dominic and S. Francis, iii. 205
Dominico di Viterbo, story of his crimes and execution by Innocent
VIII., i. 404 _note_ 1
Donatello, ii. 8, 433;
a friend of Niccolo de' Niccoli's, 180;
his statue of Poggio, 246;
his statues at Florence, 440, iii. 138;
his work as a sculptor and bronze founder in Italian churches, iii.
78 _note_ 1;
said to have been consulted in the competition for the Baptistery
Gates at Florence, 127;
his fidelity to nature, 136;
his smaller works, 139-141;
the _Judith and Holofornes_: its fortunes, 139 (cp. i. 233);
the equestrian statue of Gattamelata at Padua, 140;
contrast of his genius with that of Ghiberti, 141;
Brunelleschi's criticism of his _Christ_, 233;
employed by Cosimo de' Medici, 138, 139, 263
Donati, the, at Florence, i. 210 _note_ 2, iv. 71
Donati, Alesso, his Madrigals, iv. 157;
their realistic energy, 157 (see Appendix iii. vol. iv. for
translations);
Gemma, wife of Dante, iv. 71
Doni, Antonfrancesco, enters the Servite Order, v. 88;
obliged to quit Florence, 88;
his friendship and quarrel with Domenichi, 88;
his correspondence with Aretino: suspicion that part may have been
written by Aretino himself, 398 _note_ 1, 410 _note_ 1;
settles at Venice, 89;
his praises of Aldo Manuzio, ii. 391;
his quarrel with Aretino, v. 90, 96, 419, 422;
becomes a member of the _Pellegrini_ Academy, 90;
his life at Monselice, 91;
his account of two comedies performed in the Palazzo Vecchio,
Florence, 144 _note_ 4;
his _Novelle_, 92;
his miscellaneous works, 92;
his _Marmi_, 93-95;
his Comedies, 181
Doria, Andrea, i. 201
Dossi, Dosso, his _Circe_, illustrating his treatment of mythology,
iii. 291, 502, iv. 422, 482
Doucas, Demetrius, a member of the Aldine Academy, ii. 387
Drama, the Italian, a national drama never fully developed in Italy,
ii. 8, iv. 357, v. 110, 112-114, 125, 181, 241, 310;
imperfect connection of the Italian theatre with the _Sacre
Rappresentazioni_, iv. 306, v. 109;
want of profoundly tragical element in Italian art, v. 114-116;
reasons for this, 116-120;
the first attempts in Italian: Boiardo's _Timone_ and Poliziano's
_Orfeo_, 108;
early Latin plays, 110;
contrast between the Italian and the Elizabethan drama, 111;
the growth of a national Italian drama hindered by the adherence of
playwrights to classical models, 121-125;
poverty of the early Italian tragedies, 126, 132, 135;
Seneca's influence over Italian tragedies, 129, 131, 132 _note_ 1;
Italian tragedies adapted from the Greek tragedians, 133-135;
imperfect evolution of Italian comedy, 136-138, 140;
influence of the Ferrarese stage on Italian comedy, 142;
the want of permanent theatres in Italian towns, 144;
character of the Italian _Commedia erudita_, 181;
tendency of the Italians to adopt stereotyped forms for dramatic
representation, 182 _note_ 2;
fixed elements in Italian comedy, 183-185;
employment of the _burla_ or _beffa_, 185;
vicious philosophy of life taught by the Italian playwrights, 192;
the pastoral drama the culmination of Italian dramatic effort, 114,
223, 241;
contained the germs of the Italian opera, 114, 241
Duccio, Agostino di, his facade in marble and terra-cotta of S.
Bernardino at Perugia, iii. 79 _note_ 1, 150
Duccio di Buoninsegna, his _Majesty of the Virgin_ in the Duomo of
Siena, iii. 215
Duranti, Durante, attempts the murder of Benvenuto Cellini, iii. 467
Education, modern education founded upon the system of Vittorino and
Guarino, ii. 537, v. 492;
present tendency to diminish Greek and Latin elements in education:
how far justifiable, ii. 537-540;
identity of male and female education in Italy at the Renaissance,
v. 287 _note_ 1
Egidius of Viterbo, quoted for the acknowledgment of his children by
Innocent VIII., i. 403 _note_ 1
Egnazio, Giambattista, a member of the Aldine Academy, ii. 387
Emilia Pia, wife of Antonio da Montefeltro, introduced in
Castiglione's _Cortegiano_, i. 184
England, Poggio's journey to, ii. 231
Enzo, King, reputed ancestor of the Bentivogli, i. 115, iv. 49;
his _Greeting to the Provinces of Italy_, 49
Ephors, the Spartan, compared with the Venetian Council of Ten, i. 234
Epic, the Italian Romantic: its anomalies explained by a large
plebeian element, iv. 426-428, 439;
manner in which the Roland Legend passed into its Italian form, 428
Epicureans, in Italy during the middle ages, iv. 10, 109
Epistolography, Latin, importance of, in the Renaissance, ii. 107,
531, v. 507
Erasmus, i. 24, 27;
quoted on the worldly tendency of classical learning, 456 _note_,
ii. 44;
his ridicule of 'Ciceronianism,' ii. 108, 414 (cp. 528);
his visit to Aldo Manuzio at Venice, 384;
popularity of his _Adagia_, 384 _note_ 1;
hatred of the clergy against him, 385;
quoted for Musurus' knowledge of Latin, 386 _note_ 2;
a member of the Aldine Academy, 387;
his praises of Aldo Manuzio, 391;
his visit to Rome, 408;
cited for Inghirami's eloquence, 425 _note_ 2;
initiated a second age of scholarship, 541;
quoted for the Italian origin of Northern culture, 544
Erizzo, Sebastiano, his _Sei Giornate_, v. 60
Este, House of, i. 52, 57, 145;
confirmed in their succession by the Papacy, 111;
their crimes and tragic history, 125, 168, 423;
their patronage of learning, ii. 298;
important part played by the D'Esti in the resuscitation of Latin
comedy in Italy, v. 139
---- Alberto d', i. 146;
Alfonso d', aids Frundberg's army on the march to Rome, 245, 444;
married (1) to Anna Sforza, v. 140, (2) Lucrezia Borgia, 420, 422,
423, v. 141;
his skill as a gunsmith, i. 423, iii. 403;
takes Ariosto into his service, iv. 498;
builds the first permanent theatre in Italy, iv. 499, v. 144;
makes Ariosto governor of the Garfagnana, iv. 500;
his warfare with the Papacy, 500;
Azzo d', i. 168;
Beatrice d' (1), mentioned by Dante, 133;
Beatrice d' (2), wife of Lodovico Sforza, 555;
Borso d', 173;
his reception of Filelfo, ii. 285;
the friend of Boiardo, iv. 457;
Ercole d', his assassination attempted by Nicolo d'Este, i. 168;
urges Ludovico Sforza to invite the French, 546;
meets Charles at Pavia, 554;
the friend of Boiardo, iv. 457;
his interest in the representation of Latin comedies, v. 139;
his translation of the _Menaechmi_, 140;
his visit to Milan, iv. 498, v. 140;
festivities prepared by him at the marriage of Lucrezia Borgia to
Alfonso d'Este, v. 141;
his marriage to Renee, daughter to Louis XII., 297;
Ferdinand d', shares Giulio's plot against Alfonso, i. 423;
Giulio d', his attempt on Alfonso, 423;
his eyes put out by order of Ippolito d'Este, 423, iv. 495;
Cardinal Ippolito d', invites Cellini to the Court of Francis I.,
iii. 472, 476;
takes Ariosto into his service, iv. 494;
wishes him to enter the Church, 495;
quarrel between them, 496 (cp. 509);
puts out the eyes of Giulio d'Este, i. 423, iv. 495;
Lionello d', the pupil of Guarino, i. 173, ii. 240, 299;
his correspondence with eminent scholars, 173, ii. 300;
his portrait in the National Gallery, ii. 300;
Alberti's _Teogenio_ dedicated to him, iv. 205;
Nicolo d' (Nicolas III.), his journey to Rome, ii. 152 _note_ 1;
reopens the High School of Ferrara, 298;
his patronage of men of letters, i. 173;
Obizzo d', sells Parma to Lucchino Visconti, i. 134;
murdered by his uncle, 146;
Ugo d', his journey to Rome, ii. 152 _note_ 1
_Eterei, Gli_, an Academy at Padua, v. 272
Eugenius IV., consulted by Cosimo de' Medici as to how he should make
restitution, ii. 172;
Lionardo Bruni's translation of Aristotle's _Politics_ dedicated to
him, 184;
retires to Florence after his expulsion from Rome, 185, 186, 196, 219;
makes Traversari General of the Camaldolese Order, 194;
his proclivities rather monastic than humanistic, 219;
makes Marsuppini and Aurispa Papal Secretaries, and patronises
other scholars, 220;
proscribes the reading of Beccadelli's _Hermaphroditus_, 256;
attacked by Valla in the treatise on _Constantine's Donation_, 260;
his saying on the malice of the Humanists, 511;
pageants in his honour at Perugia, iv. 315
Euripides, compared with Ariosto, v. 35, 37
Eusebi, Ambrogio degli, a secretary of Aretino's, v. 421
Exarchate and Pentapolis, the, i. 48, 51;
Exarchs, the, 35, 43
Excommunication, terrors of, i. 132, 133 _note_ 1, 471, 531, ii. 332
Ezzelino da Romana, i. 69, 75, 110;
his cruelty, 106-110, iv. 279;
influence of his example on Italy, i. 107, 108, iv. 280;
his love of astrology, 119
_Fabliaux_, the, of the middle ages, iv. 107
Fabriano, paper factory of, ii. 371, 37 [Transcriber's Note: so in
original]
Fabrizio, early Bolognese poet, iv. 48
Faenza, massacre of, i. 82;
sold by Astorre Manfredi, 114;
Church of S. Costanzo: Benedetto da Majano's bas-reliefs, iii. 160
Falconetto, Giovanni Maria, his work as an architect at Padua, iii. 86
Farnesi, the, origin of their greatness, i. 417 _note_ 2
---- Cardinal Alessandro, v. 283;
Alexander (_see_ Paul III.);
Giulia, surnamed La Bella, mistress of Alexander VI., i. 407 _note_ 1;
her portrait statue on Paul III.'s tomb, 417 _note_ 2, iii. 108;
captured by the French, i. 417;
Pier Luigi (son of Paul III.), 428 _note_ 1, iii. 422 _note_ 1,
460, 462, 465, v. 283;
Aretino's lines on him, v. 402 _note_ 1;
Cardinal Ranuccio, 283;
Ranuzio, orders the building of the Teatro Farnese at Parma, 144
_Farse_, the, at Naples, v. 136, 137;
cultivated by Cecchi at Florence, 188;
his description of the _Farsa_, 188;
how related to the English type of drama, 188, 189
Faust, Legend of, ii. 53;
in Italy and England, iv. 347
Fazio, Bartolommeo, the historiographer of Alfonso the Magnanimous,
i. 569, ii. 38;
his criticisms on Valla, ii. 263
Federigo d'Arezzo, poems of, iv. 164
Felix, the Anti-Pope, ii. 236
Feltre, Vittorino da, i. 171;
a scholar of Giovanni da Ravenna, ii. 100, 290;
acquainted with Filelfo at Venice, 267;
his poverty and early education, 289;
begins teaching, 290;
summoned to Mantua, i. 176, ii. 291;
Traversari's account of his system of education, 177 (cp. ii. 291-297);
his single-mindedness contrasted with the self-seeking of other
scholars, ii. 290, 523;
his nobility of character, 297;
effect of his labours, 273, 537
Ferdinand the Catholic, his hypocrisy, i. 296, 358;
his persecution of the Jews, 399-401;
his alliance with Louis XII., 428;
obtains Roussillon from Charles VIII. as the price of neutrality, 542;
joins the League of Venice against Charles, 577
Ferdinand I., King of Naples, i. 113 _note_ 1;
his cruelty and avarice, 139 _note_ 1, 395, 570;
supports Virginio Orsini against Alexander VI., 545;
character of him by Comines, 572;
his judgment of Pope Alexander VI., 409;
his opinion of the Papacy, 451
Ferdinand II., King of Naples, retires before the approach of the
French, i. 574;
his marriage and death, 575
Fernus, Michael, his panegyric of Alexander VI., i. 408
Ferrara, share of, in Italian literature, iv. 364, 365;
retained more feudal feeling than other towns, iv. 460
---- the Castle of, i. 423, iii. 60, iv. 456;
the Palazzo della Ragione, v. 141
---- the High School, ii. 117;
reopened by Niccolo III., 298;
most flourishing at the beginning of the sixteenth century, 427,
v. 497;
difference of character between the Universities of Ferrara and
Padua, v. 460
Ferrari, Gaudenzio, belongs to the Lombard school, iii. 484;
his masters and mixed style, 488-490
Ferrucci, his part in the siege of Florence, i. 238, 285, 521
Feudalism, uncongenial to the Italian character, i. 42, 58, 61, 62,
100, 359, 484, ii. 3, iii. 51, iv. 6, 7, 27, 44, 140, 405, 426,
459, v. 492, 503, 505, 524, 530;
had a stronger hold on the valley of the Po than elsewhere in
Italy, iv. 6, 460;
and on Naples, 460
Fiamma, Galvano, his Milanese Annals, i. 81
Fiammetta, the natural daughter of King Robert, iv. 120 _note_ 1;
her relations with Boccaccio, 120
Fiandino, Ambrogio, takes part in the controversy raised by the
publication of Pomponazzi's _De Immortalitate Animae_, v. 460
Ficino, his attempt to combine ancient philosophy and Christianity,
i. 171, 456, ii. 209, 325, 470, iii. 35, v. 452;
educated by Cosimo de' Medici in order to teach Greek philosophy,
ii. 177, 207, 324;
his influence over Italian thought, 207, 327;
his translations the most valuable part of his work, v. 453;
one of the circle gathered round Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, 323;
his earnestness of character, 325, 523;
in common with his age, did not comprehend Plato's system, 327, v. 452;
his letter to Jacopo Bracciolini describing a celebration of
Plato's birthday, ii. 329;
his praise of Palmieri's _Citta di Vita_, iv. 171;
part of the _Morgante_ erroneously ascribed to him by Tasso, 455
_note_ 3;
his description of the village feasts at Montevecchio, v. 196
Fieschi, Isabella, poisons her husband, Lucchino Visconti, i. 134
Fiesole, the Cathedral, Mino's altar, iii. 158 _note_ 1;
Mino's bust of Bishop Salutati, 158
Filarete, Antonio, builds the _Ospedale Maggiore_ at Milan, iii. 59, 77;
his treatise on the building of the ideal city, 77 _note_ 2;
his work as a bronze founder, 78 _note_ 1;
executes the bronze gates of S. Peter's, 108, v. 424
Filelfo, Francesco, corresponds with Lionello d'Este, i. 173;
his epigrams on Pius II., 381;
patronised by Francesco Sforza, ii. 38, 282 (cp. 511);
his boasts of his learning, 84, 271, 347;
his wanderings, 100, 268, 277;
a scholar of Giovanni da Ravenna, 100;
his various emoluments and offers of stipends, 122, 274, 277;
obliged to leave Florence by Niccoli's opposition, 182, 275;
offended by Marsuppini's success at Florence, 187, 275, 278 _note_ 1;
patronised by Eugenius IV., 220;
receives a present from Nicholas V. for his satires, 236, 284 (cp.
514);
his quarrel with Poggio, 238-240;
teaches at Venice, 267;
his journey to Constantinople, 267;
his diplomatic employments, 268 (cp. 532);
his marriage with Theodora Chrysoloras, 268;
returns to Venice, 270;
list of Greek books brought by him, 270;
leaves Venice, first for Bologna, finally for Florence, 273;
his success and literary labours at Florence, 273;
his Lectures on Dante, 274, iv. 235;
his feud with the Medicean party, 275;
they attempt his assassination, 170 _note_ 1, ii. 243, 275;
references in his Satires to his Florentine quarrels, ii. 276 _note_ 1;
his stay in Siena and in Bologna, 276;
settles in Milan, 277;
his labours in Milan, 278;
his position there, i. 171, ii. 265, 266, 277;
his second and third marriages, 279, 282;
his loose morals, 280;
solicits ecclesiastical preferment from Nicholas V., 281, 517;
his rapacity, 282;
the _Sforziad_, 283 _note_ 1, 284;
his journey to Naples, 284;
obtains the release of his mother-in-law at the fall of
Constantinople, 285;
invited to Rome by Sixtus IV., 285;
returns to Florence and dies, 288;
his importance as a typical scholar of the Renaissance, 288;
his answer when urged to open a school, 291;
quotation from a letter of his containing an early mention of
printed books, 306 _note_ 2;
poorness of his Latin verse, 452;
his contempt for Italian, 532 _note_ 1, iv. 235;
his Commentary on Petrarch, and _terza rima_ poem on S. John, iv. 235
Fiorentino, Bernardo, iii. 75
_Fioretti di S. Francesco_, beauty of the work, iv. 131;
has the childlike character of Italian _trecento_ prose, 131;
S. Anthony preaching to the fishes, quoted as a specimen of its
style, 134
Firenzuola, Agnolo, the friend of Aretino, v. 83;
their correspondence, 410 _note_ 1;
a member of the _Vignajuoli_ Academy at Rome, ii. 366 (cp. v. 83),
v. 357;
said to have been abbot in the Vallambrosan Order, v. 83;
his _Novelle_, 60;
their beauty of style, 84;
their subjects chiefly the weaknesses and the vices of the
clergy, 84;
the Introduction, 84;
his Discourse on the Beauty of Women, ii. 37, v. 83, 85-87;
his miscellaneous works and poems, v. 87, 187, 249;
his Comedies, 181, 186;
adhered closely to Latin models, 186;
his _Capitoli_, 249, 364;
his orthographical disputes with Trissino, 271, 306
Fisiraghi Family, the, of Lodi, i. 145
Fisiraga, Antonio, his murder of the Vistarini and death by poison,
i. 120
Fivizzano, massacre of, 557
Flagellants, the, i. 618, iv. 40, 73;
description of them from the Chronicle of Padua, iv. 280;
from a private letter from Rome (1399), 282 _note_ 1;
social danger caused by them, 282;
merged in the _Disciplinati_ and _Laudesi_, 282
Flaminio, Marcantonio, his verses upon the death of Navagero, ii. 488;
his Latin poems: their beauty and interest, 498-504 (cp. v. 196);
his friendship with Cardinal Pole and Vittoria Colonna, ii. 498,
502, v. 292
Flanders, artists brought from, by Frederick of Urbino, i. 179;
comparison between Flemish and Venetian art, iii. 362 _note_ 1
Flattery of great personages by the Humanists, ii. 492-496, 512, 514
Florence: struggle between Florence and the Visconti, i. 81, 149;
constitutional history of, 221 foll.;
parties at Florence in 1494, 528;
in 1527, 281;
the Ciompi Rebellion, 221, 227, iv. 111, 150;
the exclusion of the nobles, 224. iv. 27, 51;
Florence laid under interdict by Martin V., iv. 258;
war of the Florentines with Sixtus IV., 447;
harsh treatment of Pisa and other cities by Florence, i. 212, 237,
342, 560, ii. 165;
Florence under Savonarola, i. 526-529;
the Siege of Florence, 222, 284 foll., 319, 536 _note_ 2, iii. 393,
414, 438 (_see_ Savonarola);
Christ declared King of Florence, 222, 526, iii. 214, 308, 358;
goodwill of Florence to France, i. 518, 550 _note_ 1, 583 _note_ 2;
expulsion of the Medici, 222, 561, iii. 389;
political contrast of Florence and Venice, i. 221, 222 _note_ 1, 231;
comparison of Florence and Athens, 234, 236, 306 _note_ 2;
beauty of Florence, 504, 561, 562, ii. 322, iii. 63 (cp. iv. 520);
festivals of medieval Florence, iv. 50-58, 316-319, 520;
of Renaissance Florence, 387-398;
Florence the centre of the true Italic element in Italy, iv. 141;
population of Florence, i. 197 _note_ 2, 209, 256;
effects of the 'Black Death' at Florence, 259, ii. 120, iv. 111,
v. 191;
the revenues of Florence, i. 255;
wealth of the Florentines, 257;
the Guelf laws against _scioperati_, iv. 27, 204;
commercial spirit of the Florentines, i. 224, 238, 245, 600;
Florentine intelligence, 232, 250, 504, 505, ii. 26, iv. 45;
compared with the Athenian, i. 246;
fickleness of the Florentines, 236;
their immorality, 230, 476, 504, iv. 337, v. 81, 358;
illustrated by Machiavelli's Comedies and Letters, v. 163, 165, 433;
by the _Capitoli_, 355;
their malicious temper, iv. 150, 253, 255, v. 79, 82;
Florentine manners as depicted in Sacchetti's _Novelle_, iv. 149;
in Alessandra Strozzi's Letters, 176, 190 _note_ 1;
Florentine conceptions of nobility, 125;
Florence the centre of intellectual activity in Italy, ii. 108,
162, 250, 311, iv. 349, 364, 365;
leads the way in Italian literature, ii. 394, 426, iv. 27, 185, 243;
part played by Florence in the history of Italian thought, v.
452-454, 457, 481;
favourable conditions presented by Florence for the growth of
culture, ii. 163;
services of the Florentines to historical literature, i. 248 foll.;
the share taken by Florence in the Renaissance, v. 496;
the main elements of Florentine society represented severally by
Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio, iv. 98;
eagerness of the Florentines in learning Greek, ii. 197 _note_ 1,
206, 250;
early Florentine printers, 369, 376;
loss of the Florentine supremacy in literature, 506;
architecture of the Florentine palaces and churches, iii. 59, 72;
Florentine pre-eminence in architecture at the Renaissance, 76;
influence of the Florentine painters on sculpture, 161;
comparison between Florentine and Venetian art, 182, 354;
the ovation of Cimabue's _Madonna_, 11, 187;
Florentine influence on Italian painting, 261;
positive and scientific character of the Florentine intellect as
shown in their artistic productions, 182, 215, 221, 364, iv. 128,
402
Florence: S. Ambrogio, Mino's altar, iii. 158 _note_ 1;
the Annunziata, Del Sarto's, Franciabigio's, and Rossi's frescoes,
498 _note_ 1;
the _Badia_, monuments by Mino da Fiesole, 158;
Filippino Lippi's 'Madonna dictating her Life to S. Bernard,' 248
_note_ 2;
the Baptistery, the bronze gates--the first by Andrea Pisano, 119;
the second and third by Ghiberti, 128;
the Carmine, Masaccio's frescoes, 229, 231;
Filippino Lippi's frescoes, 248;
the Duomo, built by public decree, 64;
its proportions criticised, 65;
Arnolfo's intentions, 66;
Brunelleschi's Dome, 67, 73, 74;
Giotto's Campanile, 63, 190, iv. 251;
S. Lorenzo (by Brunelleschi), 73, 393, 399, 413;
Bronzino's _Christ in Limbo_, 499 _note_ 1;
the Medicean Chapel, its marble panelling, 79 _note_ 3;
the _Sagrestia Nuova_, character of its architecture, 87, 414, 415;
tombs of the Medici, i. 314, 319, iii. 354, 377 _note_ 2, 393,
415-419, 420;
S. Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi, Perugino's fresco of the
Crucifixion, 295;
S. Maria Novella, Cimabue's _Madonna_, iii. 188;
Ghirlandajo's _Birth of the Virgin_, 259;
(Spagnuoli Chapel), its frescoes, 205;
(Strozzi Chapels) Filippino Lippi's frescoes, 248;
Orcagna's frescoes, 199;
S. Maria Nuova, Fra Bartolomeo's Last Judgment, 306, 309, 331;
S. Miniato, 49;
Rossellino's monument of Cardinal di Portogallo, 153;
Spinello's frescoes in the sacristy, 220;
Orsammichele (by Taddeo Gaddi and Orcagna), 63, 124;
Orcagna's tabernacle, 125;
Donatello's statue of S. George, 138;
Santa Croce, 63;
Benedetto da Maiano's pulpit, 160;
Giotto's frescoes, 190;
S. Trinita, Desiderio's statue of the Magdalen, 159 _note_ 1;
Ghirlandajo's _Death of S. Francis_, 259;
S. Spirito (by Brunelleschi), 73;
Agnolo's Campanile, 86
Florence: Loggia del Bigallo (by Orcagna), 125;
Loggia de' Lanzi (wrongly ascribed to him), 125, 478
---- Palazzo Vecchio, 61-63;
---- del Bargello, Chapel of the Podesta, 191;
---- Pitti (by Brunelleschi), 73;
---- Riccardi (by Michelozzo), 59, 76;
---- Gozzoli's frescoes, 242;
---- Rucellai (by Alberti), ii. 342, iii. 75 (_see also_ Rucellai
Gardens, the);
---- Strozzi (by Benedetto da Maiano), iii. 77
---- Academy, the, founded by Cosimo de' Medici, ii. 177, 207;
influence exerted by, over Italian thought, 207;
celebrations of Plato by, 328;
later fortunes of, 366
Florence, University, the, its foundation, i. 259, ii. 118;
establishment of a Greek chair, ii. 106;
liberality of the Signory to the University, 120;
partial transfer of the High School to Pisa by Lorenzo de' Medici,
122, v. 497;
important services of Palla degli Strozzi to the University, ii. 166
Florence, Council of, impression left by, on the Florentines, ii.
196, 206
Fogliani, Giovanni, murder of, by his nephew, Oliverotto da Fermo, i. 354
Fojano, Fra, starved to death in the dungeons of S. Angelo, iii. 468
Folengo, Teofilo (Girolamo), story of his life, v. 312;
enters the Benedictine Order (cp. i. 459);
leaves the cloister, v. 313;
resumes the cowl, 313;
his pseudonym, Merlinus Cocaius, 313;
said to have once contemplated writing a serious Latin Epic, 334;
his aim at originality, 334;
his use of the Maccaronic style, 335;
the _Orlandino_--freedom of its satire, 314;
its roughness of style, 315;
the introduction, 316;
subject of the poem, 317;
Berta's prayer, 318 (_see_ for translation, Appendix ii.);
the story of how peasants were made, 319 (cp. 343 _note_ 2);
the _Resurrection_, 320;
translated, 320;
passage on the woes of Italy, i. 101, v. 320 _note_ 1;
the boyhood of Orlandino, 321;
the episode of Griffarosto, 322 (_see_ for translation, Appendix ii.);
Rainero's confession of faith, 323 (_see_ for translation,
Appendix ii.);
Lutheran opinions expressed in the _Orlandino_, 324, 486;
reasons why Folengo's religious opinions escaped censure, 325;
relation of the _Orlandino_ to the _Furioso_, 326;
the _Maccaronea_, 337;
its loss of popularity, 337;
plot of the poem, 337-345;
satire of the monks and clergy, 340;
the Court of Smirna Gulfora and the extirpation of the witches,
344, 348-350;
the Entry into Hell, 350-352;
probability that the poem was written with a serious aim, 352;
the bitterness of the satire increased by Folengo's consciousness
of his failure in life, 353 _note_ 1 (cp. 314);
value of the _Maccaronea_ to the student of literature, 353;
the _Moscheis_, 334 _note_ 2, 354;
the _Zanitonella_, 354;
written in mockery of the fashionable Arcadian poetry, 224, 354
Folgore da San Gemignano, the question of his date, iv. 54 _note_ 1,
163 _note_ 5;
his Sonnets on the Months and Days, 54-57;
the five Sonnets on the Arming of a Knight, 55 _note_ 1;
passage on the triumph of Uguccione, 163.
(_See_ Appendix ii. vol. iv. for translation of ten Sonnets.)
Fondulo, Gabrino, his massacre of the Cavalcabo family, i. 120;
leader of Condottieri under Gian Galeazzo Visconti, 150;
story of his taking the Pope and the Emperor up the Tower of
Cremona, 463 _note_ 1
Fontana, Domenico, his work at S. Peter's, iii. 93
Forgeries, literary, frequency of, at the Renaissance, ii. 156 _note_ 2
Form preferred to matter by the Humanists, ii. 471, 513, 514
Fornovo, battle of, i. 580, iii. 275 _note_ 1
Fortiguerra, Scipione, prefixes a Greek letter to Aldo Manuzio's
edition of Aristotle, ii. 382;
a member of the Aldine Academy, 385
Fortini, Pietro, his _Novelle_, v. 60, 97
Fortunio, Francesco, his suicide during the Sack of Rome, ii. 445
Foscari, Francesco, i. 155;
his policy and execution by the Council of Ten, 215 _note_ 1;
Jacopo, 215;
Marco, his Reports cited, 211 _note_ 2, 221 _note_ 1, 230 _note_ 1,
238 _note_ 1, 597 _note_ 2
Fossa, Evangelista, writer of Maccaronic poems, v. 331 _note_ 2, 332
Fracastorius, his _Syphilis_, i. 567 _note_ 1, ii. 477-481;
his adulatory verses, ii. 481, 496;
his Veronese birth, illustrating the movement of culture from
Tuscany to Lombardy, 506;
his friendship with Berni, v. 363
Fra Moriale, leader of Condottieri, i. 86
Francesco da Bologna (_i. e._ probably Francia, the painter), cuts
the Italian type for Aldo Manuzio, ii. 381
Francesco da Montepulciano, Frate, his preaching at Florence, i. 621
Francia, Francesco, probably identical with Francesco da Bologna, ii.
381 _note_ 1;
religious feeling and beauty of his works, iii. 303;
adhered to the earlier manner of painting, 303, 365
Franciabigio, his frescoes in the Annunziata, Florence, iii. 498 _note_ 1
Francis I. of France, i. 518, 584;
number of Italian artists invited by him to France, iii. 444;
summons Cellini to his Court, 473;
his visit to Cellini, 443 _note_ 1;
his character as described by Cellini, 473;
his patronage of Aretino and presents to him, v. 400, 404
Francis of Holland, his record of the conversations of Michelangelo
and Vittoria Colonna, iii. 434, v. 293
Francis, S., his revival of religion, iii. 182 (cp. iv. 296);
contrast of S. Francis and S. Dominic, iii. 205;
his first poetry composed in French, iv. 16;
his _Cantico del Sole_, 40, 73
Franciscans, the, imprison Roger Bacon, i. 10;
reasons for the popular hatred of them, 459;
their religious poetry, iv. 295;
their quarrel with the Benedictines, v. 325
Franco, Matteo, his quarrel with Luigi Pulci, iv. 431, 455 _note_ 3
---- Niccolo, his relations to Aretino, v. 419, 420;
quarrels with Aretino, 421;
writes satirical Sonnets against him, 381, 421;
composes a Latin Commentary on the _Priapea_, 421;
taken and hanged, 421
---- Veronica, v. 288
Franco-Italian, the language produced by the mixture of French and
Italian, iv. 15, 19
Franzesi, Mattio, his _Capitoli_, v. 364
Frate di S. Marco, the, his preaching at Milan, i. 620
Frateschi, name of the followers of Savonarola at Florence, i. 529
Fraticelli, the, an heretical sect of the Franciscan Order, i. 9
Frederick Barbarossa, his war with the Lombard cities, i. 63, 64, 67;
his defeat at Legnano, 42, 64, 95
Frederick of Naples, i. 552, 574, 575 _note_ 1
Frederick II., the Emperor, his warfare with the Church, i. 10, 41,
68, ii. 251, iv. 6, 279;
establishes a Saracen colony at Nocera, i. 105, 156 (cp. iv. 280);
began the system of government afterwards pursued by the despots,
105-107;
his terror under excommunication, 133 _note_ 1;
founds the University of Naples and attempts to suppress that of
Bologna, ii. 116;
his cultivation of vernacular literature, 251 (cp. i. 10), iv. 6, 21;
Italian testimonies to his character, iv. 21;
probably influenced by political motives in his cultivation of
Italian literature, 22;
his temper not in unison with that of his age, 61
Frederick III., the Emperor, i. 100, 163;
story of the Florentine embassy which went to congratulate him,
ii. 190;
representation of the _Passion_ in his honour at Naples, iv. 315
Fregosi, the, at Genoa, i. 201;
two Fregosi introduced in Castiglione's _Cortegiano_, i. 184, v.
257 _note_ 1
Fregoso, Cesare, v. 64
French, widely-spread use of, by medieval Italian writers, iv. 16
Frescobaldi, Matteo, his political poems, iv. 163
Frezzi, Frederigo, his _Quadriregio_, iv. 168-171;
its confusion of Christian and antique motives, 169
Friola, capture of, i. 108
Froben, John, i. 23;
prints the Greek Testament, ii. 391
Fulvio, Andrea, his _Antiquities of Rome_, ii. 428
Fusina, Andrea, works in concert with Amadeo at the Certosa, Pavia,
iii. 164
Gaddi, Cardinal, attacked by Aretino, v. 402 _note_ 1;
makes terms with him, 402
Gaddi, the, scholars of Giotto, iii. 197, 226
---- Gaddo, supposed to have worked on the frescoes of Assisi, 196;
Taddeo, his work as architect at Orsammichele, Florence, iii. 124;
the painter of the _Triumph of S. Thomas Aquinas_, in S. Maria
Novella, 205 _note_ 1
Galileo, his services to modern science, i. 29, v. 518;
his trial before the Inquisition, v. 462 _note_ 1, 478
Gallo, Antonio di San, iii. 76, v. 505;
his skill in military engineering, iii. 86;
his work at S. Peter's, 91, 398;
Giuliano di San, ii. 431, iii. 76;
his work at S. Peter's, iii. 91;
Francesco di San, his letter on the discovery of the _Laocoon_, ii. 431
Gambacorti, the, of Pisa, their rise to power, i. 114;
their downfall, 147
Gambara, Veronica, her virtues, v. 289;
her poems, 289;
society gathered round her, 289;
her correspondence with Aretino, 408 _note_ 1
Gandia, Duke of, son of Alexander VI. by Vanozza Catanei, i. 419;
story of his murder, 424
Garfagnana, Ariosto's governorship of, iv. 500-502, 514
Garofalo, Benvenuto, character of his paintings, iii. 502
Garter, the, conferred on Frederick of Urbino by Henry VII., i. 181;
on Guidobaldo, his son, ii. 420
Gasparino da Barzizza, the initiator of Latin epistolography, ii.
107, 531;
his position at Milan, 266
Gasparino of Verona, his panegyric of Alexander VI., i. 408
Gaza, Theodorus, translates Aristotle's History of Animals, for
Nicholas V., ii. 229;
joins in the controversy of Bessarion and Trapezuntius, 248
_Gelati_, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366
Gelli, his Comedies, v. 124, 146 _note_ 1, 181, 186, 187;
took Machiavelli as his model, 187
Generosity, admiration of the Italians for this virtue, iv. 356
Genezzano, Fra Mariano da, preaching of, i. 506, 522
Gennadius, Patriarch of Constantinople, his controversy with Gemistos
Plethon, ii. 209
Genoa, annexed to the Milanese, i. 136, 568;
Constitution of 1528, 201;
intellectual and artistic backwardness of Genoa, ii. 212, iii. 181
_note_ 1, v. 497;
building of the Mole and Aqueduct at Genoa, iii. 42;
architecture of the Genoese palaces, 59, v. 498;
the Genoese painters, v. 498
---- S. Maria di Carignano, iii. 96
Gentile da Fabriano, his studies in natural history, iii. 226;
peculiarities of his genius, 238;
his power of colouring, 349
Gentile, Girolamo, his attempt against Galeazzo Sforza, i. 168
Gentleman, notion of the gentleman formed by Italians, i. 184-189,
192, ii. 408
Ghibellines and Guelfs, quarrel of, i. 38, 61, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 80, 95, 101, 206, 221, 584, ii. 57, iv. 159-164, 367
Ghiberti, Lorenzo di Cino, cited for the enthusiasm of sculptors over
the remains of ancient art, ii. 432, iii. 134;
his work as a bronze founder in Italian churches, iii. 78 _note_ 1;
his treatment of the story of the creation of Adam and Eve, 118
_note_ 2, 130;
his designs in competition for the Baptistery Gates at Florence, 127;
criticism of his model, 129;
his introduction of picturesque treatment into sculpture, ii. 8,
iii. 132, 141;
reckons in his commentaries by Olympiads, iii. 135;
not really affected by the Paganism of the Renaissance, 135
Ghirlandajo, Domenico, his influence over Benedetto da Maiano, iii. 160;
his great qualities and prosaic plainness, 161, 258-261, 262
Ghislieri, a poet of Bologna, iv. 48
Giacomini, Antonio, aids Machiavelli in his plan for a national
militia, i. 313 _note_ 1
Giacomino, Fra, his works written in a North Italian dialect for
popular use, iv. 34
Giacomo of Florence, his wood-panelling at Urbino, iii. 78 _note_ 2
Giamboni, Bono, reputed author of many early popular Italian works,
iv. 129;
translates Latini's _Tesoro_ into Italian, 130
Gianni, Lapo, comparison of his _Amor eo chero_ with Folgore's Poems
on the Months, iv. 56 _note_ 1
Giannotti, Donato, on tyrannicide, i. 169;
on citizenship, 196 (cp. iii. 55);
influenced by Aristotle, i. 197 _note_ 1, 250 _note_ 1;
his translation of the word [Greek: ethos], 200 _note_ 1;
assigns to Savonarola the authorship of the Florentine constitution,
202 _note_ 2;
his estimation of the population of Venice, 210;
cited for the factions of Siena, 207 _note_ 2;
cited, 216 _note_ 1, 217 _note_ 1;
his description of the corruption of the State of Florence, 231;
his admiration of the Venetian polity, 234;
cited for the trading spirit of Florence, 238;
his Florentine History, 278;
his democratic spirit, 280;
his advocacy of the Governo Misto, 283;
cited for Italian notions of honour, 485 _note_ 1
Giano della Bella, i. 225 _note_ 1
Giasone de Nores, his panegyric of Trifone (in the Commentary on the
_Ars Poetica_), v. 253 _note_ 1
Giberti, Giammatteo, made Bishop of Verona by Clement VII., ii. 403;
his patronage of Berni, v. 357, 390 _note_ 1;
his animosity against Aretino, 390;
becomes reconciled to him, 402 _note_ 1
Gieremei, Bonifazio, i. 74
Giocondo, Fra, his collection of Roman inscriptions, ii. 429;
his work at S. Peter's, iii. 91
Gioja, said to have discovered the compass, i. 29
Giorgi, Marino, Venetian ambassador, cited for Leo's 'Let us enjoy
the Papacy,' i. 437;
for the refusal of Giuliano, Duke of Nemours, to take the Duchy of
Urbino, 438 _note_ 1
Giorgio, Francesco di, architect of palaces at Pienza, iii. 75
Giorgio, Francesco di, cited for the character of Frederick, Duke of
Urbino, i. 176 _note_ 1
Giorgione, greatness of his genius, iii. 366;
fate of his works, 366;
his power in depicting tranquillised emotion, 367
Giottino, the scholar of Giotto, iii. 197
Giotto, the Campanile at Florence, iii. 63, 190, iv. 251;
his work in S. Francis', Assisi, iii. 117, 190, 195;
his genius pictorial, 120, 177;
story of Cimabue's finding him, as a child, drawing, 190, 191;
amount of his work, 190;
his fidelity to nature, 191;
advances made by him in painting, 192;
his power of representation, 193;
excellence of his allegories, 194;
mention of him by Petrarch, 217 _note_ 1;
influenced by Dante, 283 _note_ 2;
his ode on Poverty, iv. 39 _note_ 1, 243 (cp. iii. 124, 194)
Giovanni da Capistrano, Fra, i. 490;
his preaching at Brescia, 615
Giovanni da Imola, his salary from the University of Padua, ii. 122
Giovanni da Ravenna, Petrarch's secretary, ii. 98;
the first of the vagabond Humanists, 99;
his influence, 100
Giovanni, Ser (of Florence), his _Novelle_, iv. 150;
called his work _Il Pecorone_, 150;
poverty of the framework of the _Novelle_, 151;
their antiquarian interest, 151;
one novel the source of the _Merchant of Venice_, 152 _note_ 1;
revision of the _Novelle_ by Domenichi, 152 _note_ 2;
Giovanni as a poet, 152
Giovanni da Udine, the scholar of Raphael, iii. 490
Giovanni, Fra, da Verona, his work as a wood-carver at Monte Oliveto
and Naples, iii. 78 _note_ 2
Giovio, Paolo, his description of Azzo Visconti, i. 134;
of Gian Galeazzo, 141, 142 _note_ 1;
of the marriage of Violante Visconti, 138;
his conception of history, 249 _note_ 2;
his untrustworthiness, 292 _note_ 2, ii. 354 _note_ 1, 417, 512;
his account of Machiavelli's education, 310;
praises the massacre of Sinigaglia, 324;
his criticism of Machiavelli's _Art of War_, 330;
believed that Alexander VI. died of poison, 429, 430;
on Lodovico Sforza, 547 _note_ 2;
on Poliziano's personal appearance, ii. 350 _note_ 1;
his account of Poliziano's death, ii. 354 _note_ 1;
his description of Poliziano's poetry, iv. 407;
made Bishop of Nocera, ii. 402, 417;
his versatility of talent, 417;
his criticism of Navagero, 485 _note_ 3;
relates that Navagero suffered from _atra bilis_, 487;
his confession that culture had left Italy, 544;
his correspondence with Aretino, v. 410 _note_ 1;
relates that Pomponazzi was ignorant of Greek, 459
Giraldi, Giovanbattista. (_See_ Cinthio.)
Giunta of Pisa, said to have worked on the frescoes of Assisi, iii. 196
Giunta, the Roman printer, his piracies on Aldo Manuzio, ii. 379
_note_ 2;
publishes the _Lysistrata_ and _Thesmaphoriazusae_ of Aristophanes, 382
Giunti, the, printers at Venice, v. 374;
Giunta prints the mutilated version of Boiardo's _rifacimento_ of
the _Orlando Innamorato_, 374;
acknowledges the fact of the mutilation in a second edition, 374, 377
Giulio Romano, his decoration of the Palazzo del Te, ii. 440, iii.
83, 492, iv. 403, v. 389;
his architectural work at Rome, iii. 83;
his superintendence of S. Peter's, 91;
the only great master produced by Rome, 184;
his occasional coarseness and vulgarity, 454, 492;
driven from Rome for designing a series of obscene figures, v. 389
Giustiniani, the, their patronage of learning at Venice, ii. 212
---- Venetian ambassador, his testimony to the death of Alexander VI.
by apoplexy, i. 430;
mentions the legend that Alexander had sold his soul to the devil, 431;
Lionardo, procures Filelfo a Secretaryship at Constantinople, ii. 267
Giusto de' Conti, his _Canzoniere_, iv. 165
_Gli Otto_, name of Council in some Italian cities, i. 35
Goldsmith's work, all the earlier Florentine artists served an
apprenticeship to this art, iii. 124, 442
Gonfaloniere di Giustizia, a name of office in some Italian cities,
i. 35;
at Florence, 224
Gonzaga, the, at Mantua, i. 145;
how they became tyrants, 112, 148 _note_ 1;
members of this family become Condottieri, 161;
distinguish themselves at Fornovo, 580 _note_ 1
---- Alessandro, educated by Vittorino da Feltre, 177, ii. 297;
Camilla, Molza's attachment to her, v. 226;
Cario, the pupil of Vittorino da Feltre, ii. 293;
betrays Milan to Sforza, 281;
Cecilia, educated by Vittorino da Feltre, i. 177, ii. 297;
Cesare, v. 122;
Elisabetta, i. 182, 184;
Francesco, (1) 147;
commands at Fornovo, 580, iii. 275 _note_ 1;
letter of, to his wife, quoted for the account of Alexander VI.'s
death, i. 431 _note_ 1, 432;
(2) Cardinal, his patronage of scholars, ii. 404 (cp. iii. 277
_note_ 1);
causes Poliziano to write the _Orfeo_, iii. 277 _note_ 1, iv. 411;
(3) a wild libertine student at Bologna, v. 312, 314;
Gian Francesco,
(1) his murder of his wife, i. 119 _note_ 2;
(2) summons Vittorino da Feltre to Mantua, 176, ii. 291, 295;
Gianlucido, educated by Vittorino da Feltre, i. 177, ii. 297;
Isabella, her reception at Rome by Leo X., v. 146;
Lodovico, the pupil of Vittorino da Feltre, ii. 291, iii. 276;
his reception of Filelfo, ii. 285;
invites Mantegna to Mantua, iii. 276;
Lucrezia, Bandello her tutor, v. 64, 65;
Ugolino, i. 134;
his murder, 119 _note_ 2
Gorboduc, tragedy of, praised by Sir Philip Sidney, v. 132 _note_ 1;
illustrates the character of the Italian tragedies, 136
Gorello, Ser, quoted for the character of Bishop Guido Tarlati of
Arezzo, i. 83
Goritz, John, why called _Corycius_, ii. 397;
his entertainments of the Roman Academy, 409;
his sufferings in the Sack of Rome, 444
Gothic architecture, its rarity in Rome, iii. 46;
never understood by the Italians, 50, 66, 69, iv. 345, v. 505
Gothic, Italian, its mixed, exotic character, iii. 50;
its relations to Northern styles, iv. 312
Goths, policy of the Goths in Italy, i. 94
_Governo Misto_, the ideal government of Italian statesmen, i. 283,
306, ii. 319
Gozzoli, Benozzo, his repetition of Traini's _Triumph of S. Thomas_,
iii. 208;
character of his genius, 241 (cp. iv. 261 _note_ 2, 372, 463);
various works of his, 242;
his excellence in portraying idyllic subjects, 243;
employed by Cosimo de' Medici to paint his private chapel, 263
_Gran Consiglio_, in Italian cities, i. 35, 57, 71
Granacci, Francesco, Michelangelo's friend in boyhood, iii. 386
Gravina, praised the _Italia Liberata_ of Trissino, v. 307
Graziani, quoted for the preaching of San Bernardino, i. 613;
for Fra Jacopo and Fra Roberto da Lecce, 614
Grazzini, Antonfrancesco. (_See_ Lasca, Il.)
Greece and Italy, contrasts and resemblances of, i. 195, 205, 237,
ii. 4, 10, 16, 43, 513, iii. 1, 121, 355, 410-412, iv. 45, 117, v.
112;
contrast between Greek and Christian religious notions, iii. 12, 136
Greek, utter ignorance of, in the Middle Ages, ii. 66, 94;
importance of the study of Greek, 112;
probability that the lost Greek classics perished before the fall
of Constantinople, 141;
impression produced by the Greek visitors to the Council of
Florence, 197;
Greek studies owed less to the Byzantine than to the Italian
scholars, 197, 250;
the first Greek books printed in Italy, 368, 375, 377, 382, 405
_note_ 1;
the first in Northern Europe, 391 _note_ 2;
Greek hardly studied in Italy by the end of the sixteenth century, 543
Greene, Robert, the dramatist, quoted for Italian immorality, i. 473
Gregoropoulos, John, the reader in Aldo Manuzio's Greek Press, ii. 378;
a member of the Aldine Academy, 387
Gregory the Great, i. 50;
his contempt for grammatical correctness, ii. 61
Gregory VI., i. 59
Gregory VII. (_See_ Hildebrand.)
Gregory IX., war of, with Frederick II., iv. 279
Gregory XI., 113 _note_ 1
Gregory XII., makes Antonio Losco Apostolic Secretary, ii. 218
Gregory of Tours, cited for medieval contempt of antiquity, ii. 60
Gritti, Andrea, Doge of Venice, his patronage of Aretino, v. 395;
Luigi (son of the Doge), gives Aretino a pension, 395
Grocin, his endeavours to introduce the study of Greek into England,
ii. 388, 391
Guardi, his sketch of a _Masked Ball in the Council Chamber, Ducal
Palace, Venice_, iii. 358
Guarini, Battista, shows the completion of the Italian reaction
against the middle ages, v. 244;
the _Pastor Fido_ with Tasso's _Aminta_ the perfection of the
Italian pastoral drama, 114, 223, 241, 511;
essentially lyrical nature of the _Pastor Fido_, 242;
its central motive the opposition of an ideal world of pleasure to
the world of facts and laws, 242
Guarino da Verona, the tutor of Lionello d'Este, i. 171, 173, ii. 299;
a scholar of Giovanni da Ravenna, ii. 100;
brings Greek MSS. to Italy, 141, 267;
obliged to leave Florence by Niccolo's opposition, 182;
his translation of Strabo, 228;
his quarrels with Poggio and other scholars, 240, 301;
his praise of Beccadelli's _Hermaphroditus_, 255, 301, 514;
his friendship with Filelfo, 267;
his success as a teacher at Ferrara, 300 (cp. 473, 537);
his nobility of character, 301, 523
Gubbio, the Pottery of, i. 80
Gucci, Agostino di. (_See_ Duccio, Agostino di.)
Guelfs and Ghibellines, quarrel of, i. 38, 61, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 80, 95, 101, 206, 221, 584, ii. 57, iv. 159-164, 367
Guicciardini, Francesco, his life and character, i. 295-301;
pleads the cause of Alessandro de' Medici before Charles V., 232,
280, 298;
his services to the Medici, 280, 285, 297;
his cynicism, 278, 291, 302, v. 446;
portrait of him in Ariosto's Satires, iv. 515;
comparison of Guicciardini and Machiavelli, v. 446;
differences of opinion between Guicciardini and Machiavelli, i. 44,
45 _note_ 1, 91;
the Comment on the _Discorsi_ of Machiavelli, 306 _note_ 2;
the _Governo Misto_ (cp. passage cited from the _Reggimento di
F._, 306);
the decay of Italy due to the Papacy, 451 (cp. passage cited from
the _Ricordi_, 382, 452);
the _Istoria d'Italia_, 300-303;
the murder of Manfredi, 428 _note_ 1;
the death of Alexander VI, ascribed to poison, 429;
the joy in Rome at Alexander's death, 431;
character of Julius II., 434 _note_ 1, 552 _note_ 3;
the effect of the murder of Gian Galeazzo Sforza, 480 _note_ 2, 556;
character of Charles VIII., 540, 547;
of Lodovico Sforza, 548 _note_ 2;
the French invasion, 549, 582;
believes that it was guided by Providence, 553 _note_ 1;
the reception of Charles at Naples by Pontanus, ii. 363;
the _Reggimento di Firenze_, 304-308;
the ideal government of Florence, 223 _note_ 1;
the motives of tyrannicide, 169;
the corruption of Florence, 229;
the Venetian polity, 306;
his admiration for Venice, 234, 299;
the _Governo Misto_, 306 (cp. passage cited from the _Reggimento di
F., note_ 2);
the account of Savonarola, 304 (cp. passage cited from the _Storia
Fiorentina_, 308, 512 _note_ 1);
the _Ricordi_, 308, v. 446, 519;
the disunion of Italy, 92 _note_ 1;
'the blood of the citizens the mortar of tyranny,' 131, 298 _note_ 2;
the faults of democracy, 306 _note_ 1;
use of the word _popolo_, 306;
Guicciardini's conception of history, i. 249 _note_ 2;
the faith of the Florentine patriots in Savonarola during the
siege, 284 _note_ 1, 536 _note_ 2;
the character of the Medici, 298 _note_ 2, 299 _note_ 2;
the decay of Italy due to the Papacy, 382, 452 (cp. passage cited
from the Comment on the _Discorsi_ of Machiavelli, 451);
the balance of power created in Italy by Lorenzo de' Medici, 404
_note_ 2;
the _Storia Fiorentina_, 278, 279, 308;
the suspicious temper of Lorenzo de' Medici, 119 _note_ 1;
his sensuality, iv. 385 _note_ 1;
his policy, 386;
policy of Cosimo de' Medici, i. 229 _notes_ 1 and 2, ii. 170 (for
the Medici cp. also i. 298 _note_ 2, 299 _note_ 2);
the account of Savonarola, i. 308, 512 _note_ 1 (cp. passage cited
from the _Reggimento di Firenze_, i. 301);
character of Alexander VI., i. 412, 417 _note_ 1 (see also Appendix
iii. vol. i.)
Guicciardini, Luigi, his account of Clement's behaviour at the sack
of Rome, 444
Guicciardini, Francesco and Luigi, mentioned together, i. 197 _note_
1, 203 _note_ 1, 230
Guidalotto, Francesco, murders Biordo Michelotti, i. 148 _note_ 2
Guidicci, Mario, his Dissertations on Michelangelo's Sonnets, v. 297
Guidiccioni, Giovanni, Bishop of Fossombrone, his letters, quoted for
the profligacy of Rome, i. 446 _note_ 1, 459 _note_ 2, v. 190, 387
_note_ 1;
his Poems, their patriotic feeling, v. 282, 520;
Gyraldus' criticism of them, 282;
translation of a sonnet, 282;
his correspondence with Aretino, 410 _note_ 1
Guido delle Colonne, iv. 5 _note_ 1, 25
Guido da Siena, the earliest of the Sienese painters, iii. 214
Guidotto, of Bologna, iv. 48;
reputed author of many early popular Italian works, 129
Guilds, their importance in Italy, i. 72, 72 _note_ 1
Guinicelli, Guido, his services to Italian poetry, iv. 46;
Dante's praise of him, 47;
his treatment of love, 61
Guiniforte (son of Gasparino da Bartizza), tutor of Francesco
Sforza's children, ii. 266
Guinizzi, family of the, at Lucca, i. 148
Guittone of Arezzo, importance of his Epistles in the history of
Italian prose, iv. 36, 45, 130;
his Poems mentioned with contempt by Dante, 46;
his religious poems, 73
Gyraldus, Lilius, on the Academy of Naples, ii. 365;
cited for the purism of Italian scholars, 398;
teacher at the High School of Ferrara, 427, 506;
his criticism of Poliziano's _Sylvae_, 459;
of Sannazzaro's _De Partu Virginis_, 469 _note_ 1;
of Bembo's Latin verses, 484;
of Guidiccioni's Poems, v. 282;
his attack on the Humanists, ii. 518, 530;
his denunciations of the immorality of the Italian stage, v. 192
Hadrian, Cardinal, concerned in Pitrucci's conspiracy, i. 437
Haematomania, i. 109 (_see_ Appendix i. vol. i.)
Hawkwood, John, Sir, i. 113 _note_ 1, 362
Hegel, his criticism of Machiavelli's _Prince_, i. 367;
his saying that architecture preceded the other arts, iii. 40
Henry II. of France, appoints Bandello bishop of Agen, v. 64
Henry VII. the Emperor, marches into Italy, i. 76;
his death, 77, 80
Henry VII. of England, confers the Garter on Frederick of Urbino, i. 181;
on Guidobaldo, his son, ii. 420
Henry VIII. invites Torrigiano to England, iii. 444;
makes a present to Aretino, v. 405
Henry the German, an early printer, ii. 376
Heribert, Archbishop of Milan, i. 58
Heywood, the _Challenge for Beauty_ quoted for the character of
Italian plays, v. 111 (cp. 189)
Hildebrand, made Pope, i. 59;
declares war on the Empire, 60;
his arrogation of spiritual autocracy, 411
Historians, the Florentine, i. 246 foll. (_see_ also under the names
of the various writers);
contrast of the Historians of the Renaissance period with the
earlier writers, 278
Hobbes, his saying about the Papacy quoted, i. 6
Hohenstauffen, war between the House of Hohenstauffen and the Papacy,
i. 59, 60, 68, 74, 100, 374, ii. 251, iv. 6 (_see_ also Frederick
II.)
Honor, Italian notions of, i. 481, 485, v. 242, 520
Honorius, his retirement to Ravenna, i. 46
Howell, quoted for the English opinion on Italy, i. 472 _note_ 2
Human Life, medieval conception of, i. 10, 13, 14, iv. 289, v. 454,
455, 456
Humanism, definition of the word, ii. 71;
four periods of Italian Humanism, ii. 160-162, 310, 393, 440, 517;
Humanism a revival of Latin culture, and little affected by Greek
models, v. 132 _note_ 1, 509;
Italian tyrannicide and the Reformation had their origin in
Humanistic liberty, i. 465-468, v. 414
Humanists, the, persecution of the Roman Humanists by Paul the
Second, i. 384 _note_ 1, 386, 387, ii. 36, 511;
their quarrels, ii. 237-245, 264, 511, iv. 431 _note_ 1, 451, v.
89, 285;
formed a class by themselves, ii. 216, 510, 543, iv. 366;
their flatteries of the great, ii. 492, 496, 512, 514, iv. 367, 405;
their pretensions and vanity, ii. 511, 521, iv. 405;
their employment of invective, ii. 512 (cp. i. 387), v. 393;
their resemblance to the Greek sophists and rhetoricians, ii. 513;
emptiness of their works from their preference of form to matter,
514, 530, v. 247, 264;
came to be considered the corrupters of youth, ii. 515;
universal bad opinion of them, 518 (cp. the passages from Maccaronic
writers, v. 331-333);
injury occasioned to their character by their vagrant habits, ii. 520;
their irreligion and licentiousness, 520;
the better characters among them, 523;
the real value of their works, 524;
their study of style, 525;
their letter-writing, 532;
services rendered by their erudition, 533;
aided in diffusing a liberal spirit, 535;
their influence on modern education, 536;
the services rendered by them to Italy, iv. 367;
effect of their labours in preparing for the growth of Italian
literature, v. 496
Hussites, the, i. 9
Hutton, Von, Ulrich, i. 27, 437
_Hypnerotomachia Poliphili_. (_See_ Colonna, Francesco.)
_I Nove_, name of governing body at Siena, i. 35, 208
Ibrahim ibn Ahmed. (_See_ Appendix i. vol. i.)
Ibycus, lines on Peace translated, iv. 52
_Il Grasso, Legnaiuolo_, the metrical version of the novel so called,
iv. 253
Ilaria del Carretto, her monument in the Cathedral, Lucca, iii. 132, 165
Illicini, Bernardo Lapini, his Commentary on Petrarch's _Trionfi_, v. 99;
his _Novella_ of Anselmo Salimbeni and Carlo Montanini, 99-101
Imperia, la Bella, v. 288;
epitaph upon her, ii. 406 _note_ 1
_Incogniti_, the, an Academy at Naples, ii. 366
Infessura, Stefano, quoted, i. 22;
cited for the stories about Sixtus and Alexander, 388 _note_ 1;
quoted about the sale of offices by Sixtus, 394 _note_ 1;
upon his avarice, 395 _note_ 1;
upon his cruelty and sensuality, 395 _note_ 2;
about the Papacy of Innocent VIII., 404 _note_ 1, 405 _note_ 1, 405;
for the immorality of Rome, 474 _note_ 2
_Informi_, the, an Academy at Ravenna, ii. 366
_Ingannati, Gli_, Comedy of, v. 72 _note_ 1, 123
Inghirami, Tommaso, his rise into greatness, ii. 403 (cp. v. 139);
made Librarian of the Vatican, ii. 424;
Professor in the Sapienza at Rome, 427
Innocent III., war of, with Frederick II., iv. 279
Innocent IV., establishes the University of Piacenza, ii. 117