MATHEMATICS.
Characters, Marks, or Signs 265
REDUCTION 265
RULE OF THREE, OR SIMPLE PROPORTION 266
FRACTIONS 267
Reduction 268
Addition. Subtraction. Multiplication. Division 269
Rule of Three 270
DECIMALS.—Addition 270
Subtraction. Multiplication. Division 271
Reduction 272
Rule of Three 273
DUODECIMALS 273
TABLES OF WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES; English, and French 274
INVOLUTION, or Raising of powers 277
EVOLUTION, or Extracting roots 277
TABLE OF SQUARES, CUBES, AND ROOTS 280
PILING OF SHOT, AND SHELLS 281
To find the number of balls in a complete pile 281
number of balls in any pile, base not
exceeding 21 282
in an incomplete pile 283
Table for computing the content of piles 284
CORDAGE.—To find weight, and strength of a rope 285
CHAINS.—To find the weight of chains 285
To find the weight that may be lifted by a chain 286
IRON RODS.—To find the weight of round, and square iron rods 286
To find the weight that may be sustained, or lifted,
by round iron rods 286
TIMBER.—To find the area of a plank 287
content of timber 287
weight of a tree 287
TONNAGE.—Table of tonnage, and weight of carriages 288
To ascertain the tonnage of Sailing vessels 289
of Steam vessels 289
MECHANICS.—Mechanical powers 290
The Lever 291
The Wheel, and Axle 292
The Pulley. Tackles 293
Combination of pulleys 294
The inclined plane 295
The Wedge. The Screw 296
Compound machines 297
Friction. Unguents 298
Transverse strength of materials 299
Adhesion of Nails, and Screws 300
TRIGONOMETRY.—Definitions 301
Methods of resolving Triangles 301
Useful theorems, and corollaries 302
TRIGONOMETRY WITHOUT LOGARITHMS 303
Trigonometric ratios. Natural sines, and cosines 304
Application of trigonometry without logarithms 305
Table,—showing the reduction in feet, &c., upon 100 feet, at
angles of elevation, and depression 306
Table, showing the rate of inclination of inclined planes, for
angles of elevation 307
SURVEYING, AND RECONNOITRING.—HEIGHTS, AND DISTANCES 307
Methods of ascertaining Heights 307
1. By means of a pocket sextant 307
2. ” a portable barometer, and thermometer 308
3. ” the Reconnoitring protractor 308
4. By the shadow of the object 310
5. Where there is no shadow 310
6. By the tangent scale of a gun 310
7. By means of two pickets 310
Methods of ascertaining Distances 311
1. By means of the sextant 311
2. ” a pocket sextant 311
3. ” the prismatic compass 312
4. ” the Reconnoitring protractor 312
5. 6, 7, & 8. Pickets 312–4
9. ” the tangent scale of a gun 314
10. ” the peak of a cap 314
11. ” the report of fire-arms 314
To traverse Roads—
By means of the Reconnoitring protractor, or other
instrument 315
SOUND.—Velocity of, &c. 315
To ascertain the distance, by the report of fire-arms 316
GRAVITY 316
Specific gravities of bodies 317
To find the magnitude, weight, or specific gravity of a
body, or a fluid 318
Quantities of two ingredients in a compound 319
Diameter of a sphere, or globule 319
Table showing the weight of a cubic foot of materials 319
MOTION, FORCES, ETC. Body 319
Density. Velocity. Momentum. Force. Gravity 320
Momentum. Amplitude. Time of flight. Time of descent 321
PRACTICAL GEOMETRY. Definitions 322
To divide a line into two equal parts. To bisect an angle 324
To erect a perpendicular. To let fall a perpendicular 324
To draw a line parallel to a given line 324
To divide an angle 324
To find the centre of a circle 325
To describe an equilateral triangle, a square 325
To inscribe a square in a circle 325
” an octagon in a circle 325
On a line to describe all the polygons 325
To inscribe in a circle an equilateral triangle 325
” a hexagon, or a dodecagon 326
To inscribe a pentagon, hexagon, or decagon, in a circle 326
To find the angles at the centre, and circumference of a
polygon 326
To inscribe a polygon in a circle 326
To circumscribe a circle about a triangle, or a square 327
” a square about a circle 327
To reduce a Map, or Plan 327
MENSURATION OF PLANES 327
To find the area of a parallelogram 327
” of a triangle 328
” of a trapezium, or of a trapezoid 329
” of an irregular figure 329
” of a figure, having a part bounded by a curve 329
To measure long irregular figures 330
To find the number of square acres, &c. in preceding figures 330
” the area of a regular polygon 330
” diameter, and circumference of a circle 331
” the area of a circle 331
” the area of a circular ring 332
” the length of any arc 332
” the area of a sector 332
” of a segment, of a semicircle 333
” of an ellipsis, of a parabola, &c. 333
MENSURATION OF SOLIDS.—Definitions 334
To find the superficies of a prism, or cylinder 334
” surface of a pyramid, or cone 335
” surface of the frustrum of a pyramid, or cone 335
” solid content of a prism, or cylinder 335
” content of the solid part of a hollow cylinder 336
” solidity of the frustrum of a cylinder 336
” content of a pyramid, or cone 336
” solidity of the frustrum of a cone, or pyramid 336
” surface of a sphere, or any segment 337
” solidity of a sphere, or globe 337
” ” hemisphere 337
” solid content of a spherical segment 337
” diameter of a sphere 338
” weight of an iron shot 338
” weight of a leaden ball 338
” diameter of an iron shot 338
” diameter of a leaden ball 339
” weight of an iron shell 339
” quantity of powder a shell will contain 339
” size of a cubical box to contain powder 340
” quantity of powder to fill the chamber of a mortar,
or howitzer 340
” quantity of powder to fill a rectangular box 340
” quantity of powder to fill a cylinder 340
” size of a shell to contain a given weight of powder 341
” length of a cylinder, or bore of a gun to be filled
by a given weight of powder 341
To find the content, and weight of a piece of ordnance 341
” content of a cask 341
EPITOME OF MENSURATION 342
Of the Circle; Cylinder; Sphere, &c. 342
Of the Square; Rectangle; Cube, &c. 343
Table of the Surfaces, and Solidities of bodies 344
Of Triangles; Polygons, &c. 344
Table of the Areas of regular Polygons 345
Of Ellipses; Cones; Frustrums, &c. 345
PUBLICATIONS,
REFERRED TO, OR EXTRACTED FROM.
The Infantry Manual.
Field Exercise, and Evolutions of the Army.
Instruction of Musketry.
Bombardier, and Pocket Gunner {Captain Adye.
{Major Elliott.
British Gunner Captain Spearman.
Artillery Mr. J. Landmann.
{Lieut.-General Sir H. Douglas, Bart.
Naval Gunnery {Captain Stephens.
{Lieut. Beauchant.
Instructions for the Exercise, and Service of Great guns, and Shells,
on board Her Majesty’s ships.
Field battery Exercise, and Movements.
The Horse, with a treatise on draught.
Directions for the guidance of the Farriers of }
the Royal Artillery } Mr. C. Percivall.
Instructions, and Regulations for the Service, and Management of Heavy
Ordnance, &c.
Fortification {Lieut.-General Pasley.
{Mr. J. Landmann.
{Mr. Lochée.
Field fortification {Captain Malorti.
{Captain Macaulay.
Military Surveying Lt.-Col. Basil Jackson.
Treatises on Attack, and Defence Lt.-Colonel Jebb.
Artificial fireworks Mr. G. Mortimer.
{Dr. Hutton.
Mathematics {Dr. O. Gregory.
{Mr. Trotter.
Practical Geometry Mr. J. Landmann.
Natural Philosophy Dr. Fergusson.
The practical Mechanic’s guide.
The practical Engineer’s guide.
The Engineer’s, and Contractor’s pocket-book
Tables Mr. Beardmore.
&c. &c. &c.
THE
ARTILLERIST’S MANUAL,
AND
BRITISH SOLDIER’S COMPENDIUM.
PART I.
INFANTRY EXERCISE, MOVEMENTS, &c.
MUSKET—FLINT LOCK.
lb. lb.
Weight of Musket 10} 11
Do. of Bayonet 1}
Charge, Ball cartridge 6 drams.
Blank cartridge 5 drams.
PERCUSSION SMALL ARMS.
1. Percussion Musket, Smooth-bore: 1842 Pattern.
Barrel {Length 3 ft. 3 in.
{Diameter of bore ·753 inch.
Musket {Length 4 ft. 7 in.
{Weight 10 lb. 2 oz.
Bayonet {Length beyond muzzle 1 ft. 5½ in.
{Weight 1 lb. 1 oz.
Arm complete {Length 6 ft. ½ in.
with bayonet {Weight 11 lb. 3 oz.
Bullet (Spherical) ·689 inch diameter, weight 490 grains.
Charge, 4½ drams F. G.
Sixty rounds with 75 Caps = 6 lb. 10 oz.
2. Artillery Carbine: 1853 Pattern.
Barrel {Length 2 feet.
{Diameter of bore ·577 in.
Carbine {Length 3 ft. 4½ in.
{Weight 6 lb. 7½ oz.
Sword Bayonet {Length 1 ft. 10¾ in.
beyond muzzle {Weight 1 lb. 12 oz.
Arm Complete {Length 5 ft. 3 in.
with bayonet {Weight 8 lb. 3½ oz.
The Rifling is 3 grooves and one turn, 6 ft. 6 in.
Bullet {Weight 530 gr.
{Diameter ·568 in.
Charge of Powder, 2 drams F. G.
Weight of 20 Rounds, with 25 Caps = 1 lb. 11 oz. 2 drams.
3. Regulation Rifle—Musket: 1851 Pattern.
Barrel {Length 3 ft. 3 in.
{Bore ·702 in.
Rifling, 4 Grooves, one turn in 6 ft. 6 in.
Musket {Length 4 ft. 7 in.
{Weight 9 lb. 9¼ oz.
Bayonet {Length beyond muzzle 1 ft. 5½ in.
{Weight 15½ oz.
Arm complete {Length 6 ft. 0½ in.
with bayonet {Weight 10 lb. 8¾ oz.
Bullet (Minie) {Weight 696 gr.
{Diameter ·691 in.
Sixty rounds and 75 Caps = 7 lb. 0 oz. 8 drs.
Charge, 2½ drs. F. G.
4. Enfield Rifle—Musket: 1853 Pattern.
Barrel {Length 3 ft. 3 in.
{Bore ·577 in.
Three grooves, one turn in 6 ft. 6 in.
Musket {Length 4 ft. 7 in.
{Weight 8 lb. 8 oz.
Bayonet {Length beyond muzzle 1 ft. 5½ in.
{Weight 11 oz.
Complete with {Length 6 ft. 0½ in.
Bayonet {Weight 9 lb. 3 oz.
Bullet {Weight 530 gr.
{Diameter ·567 in.
Charge, 2½ drams F. G.
Sixty rounds and 75 Caps = 5 lb. 8 oz. 4 drams.
5. Victoria Carbine: (For Cavalry.)
Barrel {Length 2 ft. 2 in.
{Bore ·733 in.
Bullet {Weight 490 gr.
(Spherical) {Diameter ·689 in.
Charge, 2½ drams F. G.
Arm complete {Length 3 ft. 6 in.
{Weight 7 lb. 9 oz.
6. Naval Rifle.
1842 Pattern. Percussion musket, Rifled with 3 or 4 grooves.
Bullet (Minie), {Weight 848 gr.
with iron cup {Diameter ·746 in.
Charge, 3 drams F. G.
7. Pistol: Army pattern.
Barrel {Length 9 inches
{Weight 1 lb. 6 oz.
{Diameter of bore ·733 in.
Arm complete {Weight 3 lb. 4 oz.
{Length 1 ft. 3½ in.
Charge of Powder for Ball cartridges, 2½ drams.
Ball, Lead, the same as for the Line-pattern Musket.
BLANK CARTRIDGES.
The charge of powder for Blank cartridges, for all the
above-mentioned Small arms, is the same; viz., 3½ drams.
The cartridges are made with _blue_ paper.
MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES.
The following articles are required for the manufacture of Cartridges:
_Five tin measures_, containing two and a half drams.
_Five tin funnels. A large knife._
_An iron straight edge_ for cutting the paper.
_Five cylindrical mandrels_ of hard wood, to roll the cartridge.
_A former_, to make the hollow in the inner case, to receive the
point of the bullet.
_A set of tin patterns_ for shaping the paper.
_Cartridge paper and fine white paper._
_Bullets_ and _gunpowder_.
_To construct the Cartridge._—Cut the paper according to the
patterns, place the rectangle (fig. 9) on the little trapezium (fig.
10), the sides A B C of the rectangle coinciding with the sides A
B C of the trapezium, lay the mandrel on the rectangle, parallel
to the side B C, the base of the mandrel even with the side C D
of the rectangle; roll the whole tightly on the mandrel; place it
vertically, and fold the remainder of the trapezium paper into the
hollow in the base of the mandrel; commencing with the acute angle
of the trapezium, make use of the point of the former to close the
folds; examine the bottom of the inner case thus formed, to see that
there remains no hole for the escape of the powder when charged;
introduce the point of the bullet into the aperture at the base of
the mandrel; take the trapezium envelope (fig. 11), place the mandrel
and bullet parallel to the side F G, the base of the bullet at half
an inch from the base F H, of the envelope; press up the point of the
bullet into the cavity; roll the envelope tightly on the bullet and
on the mandrel; fold the remainder of the envelope on the base of
the bullet, commencing with the acute angle; place the base of the
cartridge on the table; withdraw the mandrel, squeezing the case of
the cartridge with the left hand, and raising up the mandrel with the
right hand.
_To charge the cartridge_, introduce the point of the copper funnel
into the bottom of the case of the cartridge; pour in 2½ drams
of fine grain powder from the powder-flask; withdraw the funnel,
taking care that none of the powder escapes between the case and the
envelope; squeeze the top of the cartridge, and twist it round.
[Illustration: Fig. 9. Fig. 10.
1½ inch. 4 inches. Rectangle.
2⅛ inches. 4 inches. 5 inches. Little Trapezium.]
[Illustration: Fig. 11.
5½ inches. 4½ inches. 3¼ inches. Trapezium Envelope.]
_When completed_, the base of the cartridge must be dipped up to the
shoulder of the bullet in a pot of grease, consisting of six parts
tallow to one of bees-wax.
SMALL ARM AMMUNITION.
_Dimensions of Boxes._
Length, 1 ft. 4 in. Depth, 8⅝ in. Breadth, 7¼ in.
including the cleat.
_Weight of Boxes._
Empty, 7 lb. 6 oz.
_Contents and Weight of Barrels and Boxes._
---------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------
| _Barrel._ | _Box._
+--------+------+-------+--------+-----+-------
| No. | No. |Weight | No. | No. |Weight
|of Car- | of |filled.|of Car- | of |filled.
|tridges.|Caps. | |tridges.|Caps.|
+--------+------+-------+--------+-----+-------
| | |lb. oz.| | |lb. oz.
Rifle Musket, Pattern 1842 | 500 | 625 | 79 0 | .. | .. | ..
Rifle Musket, ” 1851 | 700 | 875 | 66 4 | 500 | 625 | 65 4
Rifle Musket, ” 1853 | 700 | 875 | 73 8 | 560 | 700 | 60 6
Artillery Carbine | 800 | 1000 | 81 8 | 660 | 825 | 63 0
Victoria Carbine | 700 | 875 | 69 0 | 600 | 750 | 60 8
---------------------------+--------+------+-------+--------+-----+-------
INSTRUCTIONS FOR BROWNING GUN BARRELS.
The following ingredients, viz.:—
1½ oz. of Spirits of wine,
1½ oz. Tincture of steel,
½ oz. of Corrosive sublimate,
1½ oz. of Sweet spirit of Nitre,
1 oz. of Blue vitriol,
¾ oz. of Nitric acid.
are to be mixed and dissolved in one quart of soft water.
Previous to commencing the operation of browning, it is necessary
that the barrel should be made quite bright with emery or a fine
smooth file (but not burnished), after which it must be carefully
cleaned from all greasiness; a small quantity of pounded lime
rubbed well over every part of the barrel is best for this purpose:
a plug of wood is then to be put into the nose of the barrel, and
the mixture applied to every part with a clean sponge or rag. The
barrel is then to be exposed to the air for twenty-four hours; after
which it is to be well rubbed over with a _Steel scratch-card or
Scratch-brush_, until the rust is entirely removed; the mixture may
then be applied again, as before, and in a few hours the barrel will
be sufficiently corroded for the operation of scratch-brushing to be
repeated. The same process of scratching off the rust and applying
the mixture is to be repeated twice or three times a day for four
or five days, by which the barrel will be made of a very dark-brown
colour.
When the barrel is sufficiently brown, and the rust has been
carefully removed from every part, about a quart of boiling water
should be poured over every part of the barrel, in order that the
action of the acid mixture upon the barrel may be destroyed, and the
rust thereby prevented from rising again. The barrel, when cold,
should afterwards be rubbed over with linseed oil, or common oil.
It is particularly directed that the use of the hard hair-brush be
discontinued in browning, and the steel scratch-card or scratch-brush
used in place of it, otherwise the browning will not be durable, nor
have a good appearance. The browning mixture must be kept in glass
bottles, as it will soon lose its virtue if kept in earthenware.
The locks are on no account to be made of the hardening colour, as
the repetition of the operation of hardening has a very injurious
tendency.
PERCUSSION FIRELOCKS.
Muskets with Percussion locks require to be carefully handled, to
prevent the cocks being made loose, by which their direct fall on the
nipples would be rendered uncertain.
They will, at all times, when unloaded, be used with the cocks down
upon the nipples; but, when they are loaded, the caps, or primers,
will be put on, and the muskets carried _at half-cock_ for safety,
there being then less risk of accidental explosion than with the
cocks resting on the caps.
When marching with the cap on, the cock will be brought up under
the arm-pit, the sling resting on the arm; but at other times the
firelock may be carried with the barrel downwards, the right hand
grasping the piece between the loop and swell; and the left the right
arm just below the elbow.
INFANTRY EXERCISE, AND MOVEMENTS, Extracted from “FIELD EXERCISES
AND EVOLUTIONS OF THE ARMY,” _the Parts and Sections being numbered
according thereto._[3]
PACES.
_Slow time_, each step, 30 inches, and 75 paces in a minute.
_Quick time_, each step, 30 inches, and 108 paces in a minute.
_Double time_, each step, 36 inches, and 150 paces in a minute.
_Back step_, each 30 inches. _Side_ or _Closing step_, 10 inches.
_To calculate the number of Paces (each 30 inches) required for a
given number of Files._
As a soldier occupies 21 inches, take two-thirds of the number of
Files in the division, and add an inch for each File.
_Table of the number of Paces corresponding to a given number of
Files._
------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+----+----+----
Number of Files | | | | | | | |
in a Division, | | | | | | | |
each occupying | 5 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50
21 inches. | | | | | | | |
------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+----+----+----
Front of Divisions| | | | | | | |
in Paces | P. I. | P. I. | P. I. | P. I. | P. | P. | P. | P.
of 30 inches. | 3 15 | 10 15 | 11 6 | 12 18 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35
------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+----+----+----
FLINT FIRELOCKS.
MANUAL EXERCISE.
1. Secure arms.
2. Shoulder arms.
3. Order arms.
4. Fix bayonets.
5. Shoulder arms.
6. Present arms.
7. Shoulder arms.
8. Port arms.
9. Charge bayonets.
10. Shoulder arms.
11. Advance arms.
12. Order arms.
13. Advance arms.
14. Shoulder arms.
15. Support arms.
16. Stand at ease.
17. Attention.
18. Carry arms.
19. Slope arms.
20. Stand at ease.
21. Attention.
22. Carry arms.
23. Order arms.
24. Unfix bayonets.
25. Stand at ease.
PLATOON EXERCISE.
_As front rank standing._
or, _As rear rank standing._
— _As front rank kneeling._
— _As rear rank kneeling._
1. Prime, and Load.
2. Handle cartridge.
3. Prime.
4. ’Bout.
5. Draw ramrods.
6. Ram down cartridge.
7. Return ramrods.
8. _As front rank_, Ready.
9. Present.
10. Load.
11. Shoulder arms.
_As rear rank_, Ready, &c.
AS A COMPANY.
Prime and Load.
_Company_ Ready.
Present.
_At the word_ “Cease firing,”
_the Company, if made ready, receives
the words_,
Half-cock arms.
Shoulder arms.
_Or the word will be given to_
“Fire a volley; and half-cock,”
(_at priming position_,)
Shoulder arms.
Shut pans.
INSPECTION OF A COMPANY.
1. Attention.
2. Fix bayonets.
3. Shoulder arms.
4. Rear rank take open order—March.
5. Open pans.
6. Slope arms.
7. Carry arms.
8. Shut pans.
9. Order arms.
10. Examine arms.
11. Return ramrods.
12. Unfix bayonets.
13. Rear rank take close order—March.
14. Stand at ease.
DISMISSAL OF A COMPANY.
Attention.
Shoulder arms.
Recover arms.
Ease springs.
Right face.
Lodge arms.
PERCUSSION FIRELOCKS.
MANUAL EXERCISE.
_Words of Command_ similar to those for Muskets with Flint locks.
THE PLATOON EXERCISE, AND DIFFERENT FIRINGS FOR THE ORDINARY OR RIFLE
MUSKET.
_To load from the shoulder, standing_ Prepare to load.
” _from the Advance, standing_ Prepare to load.
” _from the Order, standing_ Prepare to load.
Load.
Rod.
Home.
Return.
Cap.
_As Front, or Rear rank_ —Yards, Ready,
Present.
Load, _&c._, _as above_.
_To shoulder, when at the Capping position_ Shoulder arms.
_To advance arms, from the Capping position_ Advance arms.
_To make ready from the shoulder_ —Yards—Ready.
” _from the Advance_ —Yards—Ready.
_To fire kneeling_ As front rank kneeling.
—Yards—Ready.
Present.
Load, _&c._, _as above_.
Cap.
Shoulder arms.
Advance arms.
_To load from the shoulder_, As front rank, kneeling.
_as Front Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load.
_To load from the Advance_, As front rank, kneeling.
_as Front Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load.
Shoulder, _or_ } _as before_
Advance arms, } _directed._
As rear rank, kneeling,
Yards—Ready.
Present.
Load, _&c._, _as above_.
Cap.
Shoulder, _or_ } _as before_
Advance arms, } _directed._
_To load from the shoulder_, As rear rank, kneeling,
_as Rear Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load.
_To load from the Advance._ As rear rank, kneeling,
_as Rear Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load.
_As a Company, Load_ Company, at yards, Ready.
Present.
Half-cock arms.
Shoulder arms.
_Firing as a wing, or as a Battalion, is performed precisely as laid
down for a Company._
_A Company, Wing, or a Battalion can load, or make ready from
the Order with the same ease, as from the shoulder._
_Trailing arms_ Trail arms.
Change arms.
_To resist Cavalry_ Prepare to resist Cavalry.
Ready, &c.
FUSIL EXERCISE.
1. Secure arms.
2. Shoulder arms.
3. Order arms.
4. Fix bayonets.
5. Shoulder arms.
6. Port arms.
7. Charge bayonets.
8. Shoulder arms.
9. Support arms.
10. Stand at ease.
11. Attention.
12. Carry arms.
13. Slope arms.
14. Stand at ease.
15. Attention.
16. Carry arms.
17. Trail arms.
18. Shoulder arms.
19. Order arms.
20. Unfix bayonets.
21. Stand at ease.
22. Attention.
THE MANUAL AND PLATOON EXERCISES OF RIFLEMEN.
THE MANUAL EXERCISE.
Present arms.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Shoulder arms.
Support arms.
Carry arms.
Trail arms.
Shoulder arms.
_From the Order, to Trail arms._
Trail arms.
_From the Trail, to Order arms._
Order arms.
Fix swords.
Shoulder arms.
Charge bayonets.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Unfix swords.
Stand at ease.
THE PLATOON EXERCISE.
Prepare to load.
Load.
Rod.
Home.
Return.
Cap.
Shoulder.
Make ready.
Present.
_After firing, the rifle to be brought immediately
to the position of—_
Prepare to load.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AIMING WITH THE RIFLE MUSKET.
_Firing at a Human figure._ _Firing at the Target._
_At 100 yards._—Aim at the waist. Aim with the sight down, straight
at the bull’s-eye.
_At 150 yards._—Raise the sliding-bar, Raise the sliding-bar, raise the
raise the sight, and aim sight, aim with the 200 yards’
with the 200 yards’ point at the point at the bottom of the
thigh. black ring.
_At 200 yards._—Aim at the waist Aim at the bull’s-eye with the
with the 200 yards’ point. 200 yards’ point.
_At 250 yards._—Press down the Press down the sliding-bar, aim
sliding-bar, aim with the 300 with the 300 yards’ point six
yards’ point at the knees. inches below the black ring.
_At 300 yards._—Aim with the 300 Aim with the 300 yards’ point at
yards’ point at the waist. the bull’s-eye.
_At 350 yards._—Raise the sliding-bar Raise the sliding-bar to half
at half distance between the distance between the 300 and
300 and 400 yards’ point, and 400 yards’ point, and aim at
aim at the waist. the bull’s-eye.
_From 400 yards to 800 yards._—Make use of the sliding-bar, by
raising it to the respective distances, as marked on the back sight.
WORDS OF COMMAND FOR FUNERAL PARTIES.
_Ranks open—Arms shouldered—Bayonets unfixed, facing the quarters of
the Deceased._
_When the Corpse is brought out:_
| Present arms—Reverse arms—Rear rank take close
| order—March.
_Divisions, Sub-divisions, or Sections are wheeled forwards (or
backwards) to form Column left in front._
| Rear rank take open order—March.
_When arrived at the Burial-ground:_
| Halt—Ranks, left and right wheel—Quick
| march—Halt—Inwards face—Rest upon your
| arms reversed—Stand at ease.
_When the Corpse has passed through:_
| Attention—Reverse arms—Re-form Column—Ranks,
| right and left wheel—Quick march—Halt,
| front—March.
_When facing the grave:_
| Rest upon your arms reversed—Stand
| at ease.
_After funeral service:_
| Attention—Present arms—Shoulder arms—Load
| with blank cartridge—Fire three volleys
| in the air—Order arms—Fix bayonets—Shoulder
| arms—Rear rank take close order—March.
_March back to barracks, right in front._
COMPANY DRILL.
_Part 2.—Section 1.—Formation of the Company._
The Company is ordered to “FALL IN” at close order; is then sized
from flanks to centre; and told off in Sub-divisions, and four
sections. In Column of Sections, the Senior officer takes the
Leading, the second senior the Third, the third Senior the Fourth,
and the junior the Second section. The Company is also told off by
“Threes from the right,” numbered 1, 2, 3. Should there be a blank
file in telling off the company in line, it will invariably be the
fourth file from the left. The Company is also told off from the
right by alternate files, right, and left.
In Close order the Rear rank is one pace, in Open order two paces,
and for inspection three paces, from the front rank.
_S. 2. Marching to the Front._
BY THE RIGHT (LEFT, OR | _The Company will occasionally_
CENTRE)—MARCH. | _be ordered, to_
| _Step out—Mark time—Step short—Open,_
| _and close ranks—Oblique—Diagonal_
| _march._
_S. 3. The Side, or Closing step._
TO THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) CLOSE—QUICK |
MARCH—HALT. |
_S. 4. The Back step._
STEP BACK—MARCH. |
_S. 5. To form four deep._*
FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | * _In telling off the files, should the_
REAR FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | _last file be a right file, the left_
RIGHT FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | _file on its right will double in the_
LEFT FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | _rear of it, completing it to four deep,_
| _and leaving the other Section only_
| _two deep_
_To re-form two deep, from each of these formations._
FRONT. (OR HALT—FRONT.†) | † _If the Company is in movement._
_S. 6. File marching._
TO THE LEFT FACE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front.
_From the Halt._
ADVANCE IN DOUBLE FILES FROM THE | _After facing, the leading files_
CENTRE—SUB-DIVISIONS INWARDS | _disengage._
FACE—QUICK MARCH. |
FRONT FORM COMPANY—(OR, TO THE | Forward.
RIGHT FORM COMPANY.) | _Right Sub-division_—Halt, Front,
| Dress. _The remainder of the_
| _Company march on in file, and_
| _form in succession on left of_
| _halted Sub-division._
_On the March._
ADVANCE IN DOUBLE FILES FROM THE | Sub-divisions, inwards turn—Right
CENTRE. | and left wheel.
_S. 7. Wheeling from a Halt._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
_S. 8. Wheeling forward by Sub-divisions, from Line._
BY SUB-DIVISIONS RIGHT WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
_S. 9. Wheeling backward by Sub-divisions, from Line._
BY SUB-DIVISIONS ON THE LEFT BACKWARD | Halt, Dress.
WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. |
_S. 10. Marching on an Alignement, in Open column of Sub-divisions._
MARCH—(OR, QUICK MARCH).
_S. 11. Wheeling into Line, from Open column of Sub-divisions._
1. HALT—LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress, Eyes front.
_2. On the Moveable pivot._
SHOULDERS FORWARD—FORWARD (OR, HALT, DRESS.) |
_S. 12. In Open column of Sub-divisions entering into a new direction
on a moveable pivot._
| Right (or left)
| shoulders forward—Forward.
_S. 13. Counter-marching._
_Counter-march by files._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) FACE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front, Dress.
_Counter-march by ranks._
RIGHT AND LEFT FACE—RIGHT | Halt, Front, Dress.
COUNTERMARCH—QUICK MARCH. |
_S. 14. Wheeling on the centre of the Company._
COMPANY { RIGHT } |
ON THE { LEFT } WHEEL |
CENTRE—MARCH. { RIGHT ABOUT } |
{ LEFT ABOUT } | Halt, Dress.
_S. 15. Diagonal march._
_The pivots, or outward Files, march in the direct line to which they
have faced, the others conforming to them._
_S. 16. Increasing the Front of an Open column halted Right in front._
FORM COMPANY. | Left Sub-division, Left half face—Quick march—Halt,
|Front, Dress up.
_Diminishing the front of an Open column, halted._
FORM SUB-DIVISIONS. | Left Sub-division—Right about three-quarters
| face—Quick march.
| _2nd Senior._ Halt, Front, Dress.
_S. 17. Increasing the front of an Open column, on the march._
FORM COMPANY. | Left Sub-division, Left half turn, Double—Front
| turn, Quick.
_Diminishing the front of an Open column, on the march._
FORM SUB-DIVISIONS. | Left Sub-division, Mark time—Right half turn—
| _2nd Senior_, Front turn.
When the above movements, 16 and 17, are performed Left in front,
the Words RIGHT will be altered to LEFT, and LEFT to RIGHT. The same
directions apply to sections.
_S. 18. In Open column of Sub-divisions to pass a short defile, by
breaking off files._
BREAK OFF —— FILES. | —— Files on the left, Right turn—Left wheel.
_After passing the defile._—Files to the front.
_S. 19. The Company in line halted, or on the march, moves to a flank
in Column of sections, or Sections of threes._
SECTIONS (OR THREES) RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS |
FORWARD (_if halted_, QUICK MARCH—FORWARD.) |
_When Pivots are required to be accurately dressed, or when the
alignement of the Company is to be preserved._
SECTIONS (OR THREES) ON THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) |
BACKWARDS WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
_To re-form Company on the march._
SECTIONS (OR THREES) RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS | * If the march is to
FORWARD— | be continued.
*FORWARD—(OR HALT, DRESS.) |
_For accurate dressing, or when the alignement is to be preserved._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
_S. 20. Forming Company, Sub-divisions, Sections, or Sections of
threes, from file marching._
FRONT FORM COMPANY (SUB-DIVISIONS, OR | * If the march is to
SECTIONS)—*FORWARD. | be continued.
_Marching in file from the right, to form the Company to the Left
flank._
HALT—FRONT.
_Marching in file from the right, to form the Company to the Right
flank._
ON THE LEADING FILE TO THE RIGHT FORM COMPANY. |
_To form to the Right about._
ON THE LEADING FILE TO THE RIGHT ABOUT FORM |
COMPANY. |
_S. 21. To form to either flank, from Open column of Sub-divisions._
_To the Left flank._
HALT—LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress, Eyes front.
_To form the Company to its Right flank._
TO THE RIGHT FORWARD FORM COMPANY. | _Leading sub-division_
| Left shoulders forward—Forward,
| Halt, Dress.
| _2nd Sub-division (Left oblique
| till clear of the right
| Sub-division)_—Left shoulders
| forward—Forward, Halt, Dress up.
_S. 22. Company moving to the front, to gain ground to a flank, by
march in echellon, by sections._
SECTIONS RIGHT—FORWARD. |
_To form Company—_
FORM COMPANY—FORWARD. |
_S. 23. To form the Rallying square._
FORM THE RALLYING SQUARE.
_When the Square is to march_—THE |
SQUARE WILL MOVE TO THE FRONT, (REAR, | * _If ordered to fire, the_
RIGHT, OR LEFT,) INWARDS FACE—QUICK | _Standing ranks only will_
MARCH—HALT—PREPARE TO RESIST | _commence an independent fire.
CAVALRY—READY.* |
REDUCE THE SQUARE—QUICK MARCH. |
MODE TO BE OBSERVED IN DISMISSING A COMPANY OFF PARADE.
Recover arms.
Right face.
Lodge arms.
_In turning in a Guard, or Piquet, the same mode is to be observed._
MANNER OF INSPECTING A COMPANY ON PARADE.
Attention.
Fix bayonets.
Shoulder arms.
Rear rank take open order—March.
Slope arms.
_The inspection of Arms will now take place_
Carry arms.
Order arms.
Examine arms.
Return ramrods.
_An inspection of the Appointments, Clothing, &c., is now to be made._
Unfix bayonets.
Rear rank take close order—March.
Stand at ease.
MOVEMENTS OF A BATTALION.
_Part 3.—Section 1. Commands._
All words of command must be given short, quick, and loud.
_S. 2. Degrees of march._
_The Slow step_ is particularly applicable to purposes of parade, and
occasionally to the march of extended lines.
_The Quick march_ is the usual pace to be applied to all general
movements of Battalions, or greater bodies, in Column, or Line.
_The Double march_ is only to be applied to the movements of the
Divisions of a battalion, except upon peculiar occasions for short
distances.
_S. 3. Marching in line._
The March in line is generally adopted where the country is open.
_S. 4. Wheeling._
Wheels are made on a _Halted pivot_ from Line into Column, and from
Column into Line. The principle of the _Moveable pivot_ must always
be applied to the wheel of divisions marching in column. Wheels of
divisions may be either made forward, or backward. In progressive
movements they are to be made _Forward_, but particular occasions
require that they should be made _Backward_ on the pivot flank. _The
Backwards_ wheel need not, however, be practised where the ground is
uneven, and the Divisions stronger than 15 or 16 files: where this is
the case, the Command will be
FORM OPEN COLUMN, RIGHT (OR LEFT) IN |
FRONT—RIGHT ABOUT FACE—RIGHT (OR |
LEFT) WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front.
_S. 5. Movements._
Every movement must be divided into its distinct parts, and each part
executed by its cautionary and executive words of command. All field
movements and firings are to be performed with fixed bayonets, except
when troops are acting as Light infantry.
_S. 6. The Alignement._
To march in an Alignement is to make troops march in any straight
line, which joins two given points—or to form upon any such given
line. When troops are to form in a straight line, two necessary
points in it must always be previously ascertained. One, the point of
_Appui_ at which one flank of the Body is to be placed, and the other
the distant point of formation or dressing, on which the front of the
body is directed.
_S. 7. Points of formation._
The line on which troops move, or are successively to form, may be
taken up to any extent by the prolongation of an original short base,
given in the direction which the Commander of a line will point out.
_S. 8. Dressing._
The Officer in dressing is placed on that flank of his division to
which the men’s eyes are turned on the word “DRESS,” and from the
second file from the flank of the Company towards which his wheeling
flank moves from column, or his inward flank from echellon: he makes
his corrections on his intermediate point. In all wheelings into
line the word “EYES FRONT” will be given as soon as the dressing
is completed. When Officers change from one flank to the other in
order to close, they will pass by the front, and repass by the rear
of their Companies. On all other occasions, when it is necessary to
change their flanks in line, they will pass and repass by the rear.
_S. 9. Open column._
All changes of position, by means of the Open column, will be
effected by the formation of a column, right or left, in front, on
the named division. If on a flank division, the caution will specify
whether the other flank is to be thrown back, or forward: if on a
central division, the caution will in like manner specify which
wing is to be thrown forward. An open column may effect a change of
position upon its front, rear, or any central division by the named
division wheeling up according to the front to which it is intended
to change; and the other divisions facing, and filing into the new
alignement.
_S. 10. Column at Quarter distance, and Close column._
When Close columns are formed, the Companies or Divisions must be
at one pace distance. In the wheel of a Column at quarter or close
distance, the leading division acts as a moving base for the rear
Companies to follow; its length of step is regulated according to
the depth of the column, and when at quarter distance must be very
short to enable the rear to circle simultaneously round at the
usual pace. Upon the wheel being ordered, all the rear divisions
make a half face to the wheeling flank; but at a quarter distance,
the leading division will advance six paces on the word “QUICK (OR
DOUBLE) MARCH,” and will wheel round the pivot file at a shortened
pace, while each succeeding division will advance, in circling round,
to quarter distance, which will leave room for the rear divisions to
circle into their relative positions at that distance. In wheeling
on the Moveable pivot, the rear divisions make a half turn towards
the shoulder brought forward, and the front division wheels and
advances at a shortened pace in the new direction, the rear divisions
circling round. In Close column, the supernumeraries will form on the
reverse flanks of companies; and when the column marches to a flank,
they will move with their companies; when the Close column is to
countermarch they will remain on the reverse flank, and countermarch
on their own ground. When a Column deploys on a rear division, the
named division when uncovered will move up to the front (which its
covering Serjeant will mark); the points, therefore, necessary for
the formation of the Battalion will be taken in prolongation of these
points, and the Divisions which successively move up must _Halt_,
_Front_, until their front is clear.
_S. 11. Echellon._
The Echellon position and movements are applicable to the oblique or
direct changes of situation, which a Battalion may be obliged to make
to the front or rear, or on a particular fixed division of the line.
The oblique changes are produced by the wheel (less than the quarter
circle) of divisions, which places them in the echellon situation.
The direct changes are produced by the perpendicular and successive
march of divisions from line to front or rear. In Echellon, the inner
flank, (or that which first joins its preceding division when the
line is to be formed forward,) is the directing one; and in Oblique
echellon the wheels are made on it, into echellon—forward, and into
line—backward.
_Practical rule for the Battalion and Line on all occasions of
Wheeling by Companies into echellon._
“Each covering Serjeant having previously placed himself before or
behind a given file (the 8th) from the standing flank, will take the
named number of paces from the centre of that file on the arc of the
circle, and thereby become a direction for the Company to wheel up
to, and halt.”
As eight paces from the eighth file complete the Quarter circle, so
four paces give the One-eighth, and two paces the One-sixteenth of
the circle. All changes of front by the Echellon march are performed
by the forming divisions wheeling half the angle wheeled by the
division to be formed upon. In all changes of position by echellon,
whether direct or oblique, the leaders of companies will invariably
be on that flank towards which the change of position is to be
made. But in taking ground to a flank on the march, in echellon of
Sub-divisions or Sections, Companies’ leaders remain in their places
as when in line.
_S. 12. Squares._
Squares are formed either from Line, or from Column at full, half,
or quarter distance. _The Hollow square_, four deep, is sufficiently
solid to oppose an attack of Cavalry: it possesses, at the same
time the advantage of rendering the fire of all the men available
to the resistance of the enemy. _The Solid square_ should seldom be
adopted, because a proportion of the men cannot give their fire.
Close columns should in all cases when practicable, open therefore to
quarter distance, and form Square (as in Sec. 21, No. 1, Part III.).
But as every position in which a Battalion may be placed should be
susceptible of ready resistance against Cavalry, the Close column
can always assume an efficient posture of defence, by the six centre
Companies wheeling outwards by Threes, and closing to the front,
and the two rear Companies facing to the right about: the Officers
and Serjeants taking post in the centre. The wing of a battalion
can in like manner form the solid square from a Close column of
Sub-divisions. When Cavalry is not to be resisted, it will be
sufficient to form the Square two deep to the rear. The formation of
Battalion squares, either from Line or Column, is to be completed as
expeditiously as possible; and the Squares may afterwards be placed
in direct echellon for mutual defence.
_S. 13. Firings._
In all movements, Firing should commence after a formation. In
firing by Companies, the Leaders will give the Word “_Ready_” when
the previous division fires, preserving the pause of slow time
between this and “_Present_,” the men firing when they have covered
their objects. In firing by wings, one wing will receive the word
“_Ready_,” the instant the other has completed its loading. Great
care must be taken in file firing that it is not hurried, and
that the men “_Present_” deliberately. The value of a soldier’s
ammunition, and a jealousy of its expenditure without effect, must be
carefully inculcated; for in proportion as a cool and well-directed
fire serves to distract and throw an enemy into disorder, so is a
wild, confused, and hurried fire (which is always without effect)
calculated to give him confidence, and a contempt for his opponent.
Soldiers should, therefore, bear in mind that nothing makes so
strong an impression on an enemy, as the thinning of his ranks by
a well-directed fire; and that nothing tends more to animate and
encourage troops than the diminished fire from ranks so thinned;
affording also the most favourable opportunity for a successful
charge. In firing in square, the two front ranks are to come to the
kneeling position without cocking, on preparing to receive cavalry.
The standing ranks in square will fire independently from the right
of faces.
_Street firing._
A Column at open, half, or quarter distance, formed in a street or
narrow ground where deployment is impracticable, may be required to
fire previous to charging forward, or by successive divisions in
retiring. It will be performed in the following manner:—
_If advancing_, the two front Companies only will fire in succession;
the leading Company firing and loading kneeling, the second Company
closing to the front, and firing standing. When the enemy’s fire has
been overcome, or at any favourable moment that may present itself,
the column will charge briskly forward, and make good the ground it
is contending for.
_In retiring_, the leading division will give its fire; Slope arms;
Face outwards by sub-divisions; File to the rear; Re-form Company;
Load; and remain halted, until its front is again clear, or the whole
column is put in motion. The moment the front of the second company
is clear, it will give its fire; Face outwards by sub-divisions;
and file to the rear as above directed: and so on by companies in
succession: the companies thus follow each other, and when the
front of the column occupies the whole breadth of the street, the
outward files of companies will double in the rear, to give the
companies which have fired room to pass. It must never be forgotten,
in entering towns or villages occupied by the enemy, that the first
thing to be done, on gaining a footing in the place, is to clear the
houses on both flanks, and the column should on no account proceed
through the streets without previously occupying the houses on either
side; the troops employed for that purpose breaking through partition
walls, or pushing on from house to house, so as to accompany the
march of the main body, and protect its flanks.
FORMATION OF THE BATTALION.
When the Battalion is formed, there is to be no interval between any
of the Companies, and every part of the front of the Battalion should
be equally strong. The Grenadiers will be on the right, Light company
on the left, the other companies from right to left. The Battalion
will be told off into Right, and Left wings.
FORMATION OF THE BATTALION, AT CLOSE ORDER.
The Commanding officer is advanced in front for the general purpose
of exercise when the Battalion is single; but in the March in
line, and in the firings, he is in the rear of the Colours. The
Lieutenant-colonel is behind the colours, twelve paces from the
supernumerary rank. The 1st Major is six paces in the rear of the
second Battalion company from the right flank; 2nd Major at the
same distance in the rear of the second Battalion company from the
left; the Adjutant at the same distance in rear of the colours. One
Officer is on the right of the front rank of each company, and One
on the left of the Battalion; all these are covered in the rear
rank by their respective Serjeants; and the remaining Officers and
Serjeants are in a third rank behind their companies. The colours are
placed (both in the front rank) between the two Centre companies. The
supernumerary rank is at three paces distance when in Line; and when
in Column, it is at the distance of one pace.
_When the Battalion takes Open order._
REAR RANK TAKE OPEN | Officers of Companies and those with
ORDER—MARCH. | the Colours dress three paces in front of
| the Line. The 1st Major is on the right
| of the Officers, the 2nd Major on the left.
| The Adjutant on the left of the front
| rank. The Colonel ten paces, and the
| Lieutenant-colonel six paces, in front of
| the Colours.
_When the Battalion resumes Close order._
REAR RANK TAKE CLOSE |
ORDER—MARCH. |
EVOLUTIONS OF THE BATTALION.
MOVEMENTS OF THE BATTALION FROM LINE.
_S. 14. 1. The Battalion halted, and correctly dressed, is to advance
in Line._
_Commander’s_ | _Executive_
_Words of command._ | _Words of command, Directions, &c._
THE BATTALION WILL |
ADVANCE—MARCH (OR |
QUICK MARCH)—HALT. |
_2. When the Battalion is to retire._
THE BATTALION WILL |
RETIRE—RIGHT ABOUT |
FACE—QUICK MARCH. |
_3. While advancing in Line, the Battalion may form to either flank
by the Divisions wheeling to the Bight (or Left) on the Moveable
pivot, and forming on the flank Company (which will be halted in the
direction of the new front) by the Echellon march of divisions._
_S. 15. When a Battalion advancing in Line is to charge._
PREPARE TO CHARGE—CHARGE—HALT.
_S. 16. When a Battalion moving in Line passes a wood, &c., to Front
or Rear, by the flank march of Companies in file._
1. _If to pass to the Front._
FROM THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) OF COMPANIES |
PASS BY FILES TO THE FRONT. |
COMPANIES, RIGHT (OR LEFT) |
TURN—RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL. |
2. _If to pass to the Rear._*
FROM THE PROPER RIGHT (OR LEFT) OF | * _THE BATTALION IN
COMPANIES PASS BY FILES TO THE | LINE HAVING ARRIVED AT
REAR—LEFT (OR RIGHT) TURN—RIGHT | THE POINT WHERE IT MUST
(OR LEFT) WHEEL—HALT—FRONT. | break. Companies may
| also pass to the front
| or rear by Sections of
| Threes._
3. _If a Battalion in first Line passes through a second, which
advances and relieves it._
PASS BY FILES TO THE REAR—RIGHT | _THE RELIEVING BATTALION
FACE—RIGHT WHEEL—QUICK | MARCHES UP WITHIN
MARCH—HALT—FRONT. | twelve Paces of the
| front Line, the Companies
| of which proceed
| to the rear through the
| second Line._
4. _When the second Line does not advance to relieve the first._
PASS BY FILES TO THE REAR—LEFT | _THE FIRST LINE RETIRES,
TURN—RIGHT WHEEL. | and when within twelve
| paces passes through the
| second._
S. 17. _When the Battalion advances, or retires, by half Battalion,
and fires._
1. _If the Battalion is in march, and advancing._
THE BATTALION WILL ADVANCE BY |
WINGS. (_2nd Major_) LEFT WING, |
HALT—MARCH (OR QUICK MARCH). |
(_Senior Major_)* RIGHT WING, | * _AFTER HAVING ADVANCED
HALT—READY—PRESENT—LOAD—MARCH | 15 PACES._
(OR QUICK MARCH). (_2nd Major_) |
LEFT WING, HALT—READY, &C. |
2. _If the Battalion is in march, and retiring._
THE BATTALION WILL RETIRE BY WINGS. |
(_Senior Major_) RIGHT WING, |
HALT—FRONT. (_2nd Major_)* LEFT | * _After retiring 15_
WING, HALT—FRONT. (_Senior Major_) | _paces._
RIGHT WING, |
READY—PRESENT—LOAD—RIGHT |
ABOUT FACE—MARCH (OR |
QUICK MARCH). (2nd Major) Left |
WING, HALT—FRONT. †LEFT WING, | † When Right wing
READY—PRESENT—LOAD, &C. | has retired 15 paces.
_S. 18. A Battalion in Line to move to attack, or pass a bridge, &c.,
to the front, from either flank, or from the centre._
1. _If from a Flank, by Companies, or Sub-divisions._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) DIVISION TO THE | _Rear Divisions_
FRONT.—REMAINING DIVISIONS, RIGHT | _successively_—Right
(OR LEFT) SHOULDERS FORWARD—QUICK | (or left)
MARCH—FORWARD. | shoulders forward—Forward.
2. _When the Column arrives near the point where the Line is to
re-form._
FORM LINE ON THE FIRST | _Leading Division_, Halt,
DIVISION—REMAINING | Dress up.
DIVISIONS, RIGHT (OR | _Remaining Divisions_
LEFT) SHOULDERS FORWARD—FORWARD. | _successively_—Right (or
| left) shoulders
| forward—Forward.—Halt—Dress
| up—Eyes front.
3. _If the advance is from the Centre._
TWO CENTRE SUB-DIVISIONS TO THE | _Right wing Sub-divisions_
FRONT. | _first throw Right_
REMAINING SUB-DIVISIONS, RIGHT AND | _shoulders, and afterwards_
LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD—QUICK | Left shoulders forward.
MARCH—FORWARD. | _Left wing Sub-divisions_
| _first throw Left_
| _shoulders, and afterwards_
| Right shoulders _forward_,
| _Sub-divisions_
| _successively_—Forward.
4. _When the Double column arrives near the point where the Line is
to be formed._
FORM LINE ON TWO CENTRE | _Remaining Sub-divisions_
SUB-DIVISIONS.—REMAINING | _successively_—Right
SUB-DIVISIONS, RIGHT AND LEFT | (or left) shoulders
SHOULDERS FORWARD—FORWARD. | forward—Forward—Halt—Dress
| up—Eyes front.
5. _To form Line to the right, from the Double column._
FORM LINE TO THE | _Right wing Sub-divisions_—Halt, Dress.
RIGHT—RIGHT WING | _Left wing Sub-divisions successively_—Left
LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD. | shoulders forward—Forward—Halt, Dress
| up—Eyes front.
_S. 19. A Battalion in Line to retire over a bridge, or defile, or
retreat from a Flank or Flanks, in rear of the Centre._
1. _If from a flank._
RETIRE BY COMPANIES | _Left (or Right) Company_—Company
(OR SUB-DIVISIONS) | (or Sub-division)—Right about face—Quick
FROM THE LEFT (OR | march—Right (or Left) shoulders
RIGHT) IN REAR OF | forward—Forward. _When at inward_
THE RIGHT (OR LEFT). | _flank of right (or left) Division_—Right (or
| left) shoulders forward—Forward.
| _The other Divisions follow in succession._
2. _If the Retreat is from both flanks._
RETIRE FROM BOTH | Right (or left) Sub-division—Right
FLANKS BY SUB-DIVISIONS | about face—Quick march—Right (or left)
IN REAR OF THE CENTRE. | shoulders forward—Forward. _When_
| _arrived at the proper points_—Right (or
| left) shoulders forward—Forward.
| _Remaining right, and left Sub-divisions_
| _follow in succession. Two centre_
| _Sub-divisions, when the Divisions next to_
| _them have commenced their second wheel_—Right
| about face—Quick march.
_S. 20. A Battalion in Line to march off in Column of divisions,
successively to a flank._
1. _If the Movement is along the rear, and from the right flank._
THE BATTALION WILL | _Right Division (or Section)_—Left face—Left
MOVE IN COLUMN OF | wheel—Quick march—Front turn.
DIVISIONS (OR SECTIONS) |
FROM THE |
RIGHT ALONG THE REAR. |
2. _When the Movement is from the left flank._
| _Left Division (or Section)_—Right face—Right
| wheel—Quick march—Front turn.
_In both movements the Divisions follow in succession the leading
division._
_S. 21. When the Battalion, halted in Line, is to form Square on a
named Company, or on two centre Sub-divisions._
_1. If on a Central company._
COLUMN AT QUARTER DISTANCE | _When the Companies reach their places_
ON THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _in Column, they receive successively_
CENTRE COMPANY—THREES, | Threes right (or left) shoulders
RIGHT AND LEFT SHOULDERS | forward—Halt, Dress.
FORWARD—DOUBLE MARCH, |
FORM SQUARE—QUICK MARCH. | _The two rear Companies close up, and_
_When the Second Company_ | _form the rear face of the Square,_
_has closed upon the front_ | _receiving_ Halt—Right about face.
_Company, which stands_ | _The remaining Companies wheel outwards_
_fast—_ | _by Sections, the rear Sections closing_
SECTIONS OUTWARDS. | _to the front, after the wheel._
_2. If on a Flank Company, and to a flank._
SQUARE ON THE RIGHT (OR | _Leading Company_—Halt.
LEFT) COMPANY—COMPANIES | _Second Company closes on it_—Halt.
RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _Remainder (except the two last_
SHOULDERS FORWARD—DOUBLE | _Companies), as they successively arrive
MARCH—FORWARD. | at Quarter distance_—Sections outwards.
| _Two last Companies when closed up_
| —Halt—Right about face.
_3. When the Square is to resist Cavalry._
PREPARE FOR CAVALRY | _The Kneeling ranks do not cock until_
—READY. | _ required to fire._
*KNEELING RANKS—READY— | _The Standing ranks fire by Files._
PRESENT—LOAD. | * _The Kneeling ranks, when required to_
PREPARE FOR CAVALRY | _fire a volley._
(OR SHOULDER ARMS). |
_4. To reduce the Square._
RE-FORM COLUMN. | _Rear sections of side Faces step back to_
| _wheeling distance, pivot men facing to their_
QUICK MARCH. | _proper front, and at_ QUICK MARCH _wheel_
| _backwards_—Halt, Dress. _Front Company_
| _advances to quarter distance_—Halt, Dress.
| _Two rear Companies retire_—Halt, Front, Dress.
_5. If the Square is to be formed on the two centre Sub-divisions._
ON THE TWO CENTRE | _The outer Sub-divisions of the two centre_
SUB-DIVISIONS FORM | _Companies face inwards, and leading files_
SQUARE. | _disengage; the two flank Companies face_
| _inwards, and the remaining Companies of_
| _the Battalion face to the right about._
RIGHT AND LEFT | _No. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 Companies, Sections_
SHOULDERS FORWARD. | _successively_, Halt, Front. _The two centre_
| _Sub-divisions close by the side step, upon_
| _the interval left by the Colours. The_
QUICK MARCH. | _Sub-divisions of the two flank Companies are_
| _conducted to form the rear Face, the right_
| _Sub-division of the Grenadiers covering its_
| _left Sub-division, and the left Sub-division_
| _of the Light Company covering its right_
| _Sub-division, each receiving_ Halt, Right
| (or Left) face.
_6. To reduce the Square and form Line._
RE-FORM LINE—QUICK | _The flank Companies face outwards;_
(OR DOUBLE) MARCH. | _and the rear Sub-divisions of the centre_
| _face outwards, and file into line at_ QUICK
| (OR DOUBLE) MARCH—Halt, Front, Dress.
| _The two centre Sub-divisions open by the_
| _side step to right, and left. The flank_
| _Companies move in file to their respective_
| _places. The other Companies deploy by_
| _Sections and (when at their places) receive_
| Right (or left) shoulders forward—Forward—Halt,
| Dress up.
_7. But should it have been previously necessary to move the Square._
FORM DOUBLE COLUMN | _The rear Sub-divisions of the side faces_
OF SUB-DIVISIONS— | _fall back to Section distance, and the Pivot_
QUICK MARCH. | _men face to their proper front, and at_
| QUICK MARCH_, the Sections which formed_
| _the side faces wheel backwards; and the_
| _two Sub-divisions of the front face, and_
| _four Sub-divisions of the rear face, advance_
| _to quarter distance. The Sub-divisions of_
| _front face receive—_Halt. _Sub-divisions of_
| _the rear face receive—_Halt—Front.
_8. When the Line is retiring, the Square may be formed at once
without halting._
ON TWO CENTRE | _The two centre Sub-divisions_ Halt—Front.
SUB-DIVISIONS FORM | _The outer Sub-divisions of centre_
SQUARE. | _Companies_ “Inwards turn,” _and the formation_
| _will proceed (as directed in No. 5,_
| _Section 21) at the Double march._
_S. 22. When the Battalion forms a Square, or Oblong two deep, to
protect baggage, &c., against Infantry._
1. FORM SQUARE, TWO | _The two centre Companies stand fast,_
DEEP, ON THE TWO | _remaining Companies face to the right_
CENTRE COMPANIES. | _about, and at_ QUICK MARCH _the two_
| _centre Companies (4 and 5) close inwards:_
REMAINING COMPANIES, | _the remainder right, and left shoulders_
RIGHT AND LEFT | _forward, and move into Square. Nos. 1,_
SHOULDERS FORWARD— | _2, and 3, form the right face, 6, 7, and 8_
QUICK MARCH. | _the left face, the Grenadier, and Light_
| _Infantry the rear face of the Square,_
| _respectively receiving_ Halt, Front, Dress.
_2. When the Square or Oblong is to march by any one face._
THE SQUARE WILL |
MARCH TO THE FRONT |
(REAR, RIGHT, OR |
LEFT) FACE. |
|
_Flank Faces_—BY |
SUB-DIVISIONS ON THE |
RIGHT AND LEFT |
BACKWARDS WHEEL— | _The rear face advances two paces and_
QUICK MARCH. | _faces about_—Halt, Dress.
|
QUICK MARCH. | _The Square marches two faces in Line,_
| _(by their centre,) and two faces in Open_
| _column of Sub-divisions._
HALT—RE-FORM | _The Sub-divisions in column wheel up_
SQUARE—QUICK | _and form their faces, and the rear face_
MARCH. | _will close up and then face about._
_3. To reduce the Square._
FORM LINE—RIGHT | _The two centre Companies open out by_
AND LEFT SHOULDERS | _the side step, to leave room for the Colours._
FORWARD—QUICK | _Remaining Companies_, Right (or left)
MARCH. | shoulders forward—Forward—Halt, Dress up.
_S. 23. A Battalion halted in Line, to change front to the rear upon
the centre._
CHANGE FRONT TO THE | _Centre Companies_—Right (or left) face—Right
REAR UPON THE | Counter-march—Quick march—Halt,
CENTRE. | Front, Dress up—Eyes front.
|
_Remaining Companies,_ | _The Companies pass each other by the_
THREES RIGHT, and | _left, those of the Right wing describing a_
LEFT SHOULDERS | _circle to allow room for the others to pass,_
FORWARD—RIGHT AND | _and when in their proper position_—Right
LEFT COUNTER-MARCH— | (or left) shoulders forward—Forward—Halt,
QUICK MARCH. | Dress up—Eyes front.
CHANGES OF POSITION OF THE BATTALION FROM LINE BY MOVEMENTS OF THE
OPEN COLUMN ON A FIXED POINT.
_S. 24. The Battalion to change position to the front on the right
halted Company, by throwing forward the whole Left, and by the flank
march of Companies._
1. FORM OPEN COLUMN | _If the change of front is to be at_
IN FRONT OF THE | _right angles with the old line, the_
RIGHT COMPANY—REMAINING | _right Company stands fast; if oblique_
COMPANIES—RIGHT | _to it, that Company will wheel_
FACE—QUICK MARCH. | _back on the right flank as many paces_
| _as will make it perpendicular to the_
| _new direction. Remaining Companies face_
| _to the right, and disengage to the_
| _left_—Halt, Front, Dress.
|
RIGHT WHEEL INTO | Halt, Dress—Eyes front.
LINE. |
_2. The Battalion may change its position to the Left, Right thrown
forward, by the formation of the Open column in front of the left
halted Company._
_3. If the Change of position is effected by the formation of the
Open column on a central Company, the caution will specify which
flank is to be_ thrown forward. _The Companies face inwards, and
disengage._
_4. When a Battalion is to change position on a flank halted Company,
by throwing back the other flank._
FORM OPEN COLUMN IN |
REAR OF THE RIGHT |
(OR LEFT) COMPANY— |
REMAINING COMPANIES— |
RIGHT (OR LEFT) FACE— |
QUICK MARCH. | _Remaining Companies_—Halt,
| Front, Dress.
RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL |
INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress—Eyes front.
ON A DISTANT POINT.
_S. 25. The Battalion in line changes position by breaking into Open
column, marching up in column to the point where its head is to
remain, and entering the line by the flank march of Companies._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) FACE—QUICK | _The Battalion in Open column to form_
MARCH. | _at a point where its leading flank is_
HALT. | _to be placed, receives_—HALT—
| _when its leading division is at wheeling_
| _distance short of that point._
_S. 26. The Battalion formed in line, changes position by breaking
into Open column, marching to a point where its head is to rest, and
to which its rear divisions form, by successively passing each other,
and wheeling up._
FORM LINE TO THE | _Leading division_—Right (or left)
REVERSE FLANK. | shoulders forward—Forward—Halt,
| Dress. _Remaining divisions_
| _successively_—Right (or left) shoulders
| forward—Forward—Halt, Dress up.
OPEN COLUMN MOVEMENTS.
_S. 27. When the leading flank of the Column is changed by the
successive march of Divisions from the rear to the front._
HALT— | _If Right in front; Rear Company_—Right
BY SUCCESSIVE DIVISIONS | face—Quick march—Front turn.
—REAR WING | _Remaining Divisions in succession, when_
TO THE FRONT. | _their rear Division passes them_—Right
| face—Quick march—Front turn.
| _If left in front, the rear Divisions are_
| _faced to the left._
_S. 28. To change the Wings of a column formed upon a road, where the
space does not admit of the Flank movement._
BY DOUBLE FILES FROM | _Rear Company_—Inwards face, by Files
THE CENTRE, REAR WING | from the centre. _Remaining_
TO THE FRONT. TWO CENTRE | _Companies_*—Halt, Dress. _Rear_
SECTIONS OUTWARDS | _Division when clear of the column_—Form
WHEEL—QUICK MARCH.* | Company—Forward. _Remaining Divisions_
| _in succession when clear_—Inwards
| face—Quick march—Form Company—Forward.
_S. 29. When the Column, at open, or half distance, is required to
form a Square._
1. _If the Square is to be formed on the front Company._
FORM SQUARE UPON | (_Vide S. 21, No. 2._)
THE FRONT COMPANY—QUICK |
MARCH. |
2. _If upon a central Company._
FORM SQUARE ON THE RIGHT | _The Officer commanding the named Division,_
(OR LEFT) CENTRE | _gives_—Sections outwards; _the rear_
COMPANY—RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _Sections closing on the front Sections._
WING—RIGHT ABOUT | _The Left wing will close to Section_
FACE—QUICK (OR DOUBLE) | _distance, and the Companies receive,_
MARCH. | _in succession_—Sections outwards;
| _the Right Wing will move to the Centre,_
| _rear Rank in front, and when each_
| _Company shall close up to_
| _the one preceding it, Companies_ 3, 4, 5,
| 6, Front turn, Sections outwards, _and the_
| _rear Sections close to the front. Nos. 1_
| _and 2_—Halt, Front,—_Nos. 7 and 8_—Halt,
| Right about face.
_3. If an Open column, moving to front, or rear in File, or Sections
of Threes, be attacked by Cavalry._
_If in File._
FORM SQUARE ON THE | _The Divisions turn to the right, and_
CENTRE—WINGS | _left; and if the Column be right in front,_
INWARD TURN—DOUBLE | _when the left centre Company has turned_
MARCH. | _it receives_—Sections outwards; _the Wings_
| _close on the centre, at the double march,_
| _and each Company wheels outwards into_
| _Square; as in No. 2._
_If the Column is moving in Sections of Threes._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) |
SHOULDERS FORWARD. | _The Formation proceeds as before._
FORWARD—SQUARE ON | _The Column is re-formed as directed in_
THE CENTRE—RIGHT | _S. 21, No. 4._
WING, RIGHT ABOUT |
TURN—DOUBLE. |
QUARTER DISTANCE, AND CLOSE COLUMN.
_S. 30. When a Battalion forms a close, or quarter distance Column,
from Line._
_1. If a Close Column before, or behind, either of the flank
Companies._
FORM CLOSE (OR |
QUARTER DISTANCE) |
COLUMN ON —— |
COMPANY, RIGHT (OR |
LEFT) IN FRONT—RIGHT |
(OR LEFT) FACE—QUICK | _All except the named Company_—Halt,
MARCH. | Front, Dress.
_2. On a central Company._
INWARDS FACE—QUICK | _All except the named Company_—Halt,
MARCH. | Front, Dress.
_In the same manner, Column may be formed from Line upon any Company
facing to the rear; that Company countermarching by files, and the
Wings facing outwards, and countermarching to the right, or left; and
forming as before._
_In all Counter-marches from Line, the Company of formation will be
faced by the command of its own Officer._
_3. If a Quarter distance Column upon any named Company._
FORM COLUMN AT QUARTER |
DISTANCE, RIGHT (OR |
LEFT) IN FRONT, —— | Shoulders forward—Halt, Dress, _as in_
ON COMPANY—REMAINING | _Nos. 1 and 2._
COMPANIES, THREES— |
SHOULDERS FORWARD— | _The leading threes of the Company next_
QUICK (OR DOUBLE) | _the one of formation must wheel upon its_
MARCH—FORWARD. | _centre file in disengaging to the rear._
_4. The Close column may be formed from Open column._
CLOSE TO THE FRONT—QUICK | _If on the March, Leading division_—Halt.
(OR DOUBLE) MARCH. | _Remaining divisions successively_—Halt:
_Or without halting_—CLOSE | _When on the Double march_—Quick.
TO THE FRONT—DOUBLE. |
_S. 31. When the Column, at close, or quarter distance, marches to a
flank._
COLUMN WILL MARCH |
TO THE RIGHT (OR |
LEFT) FLANK—RIGHT |
(OR LEFT) FACE—QUICK |
MARCH—HALT, FRONT. |
_If the Column is at quarter distance, it may be marched to a flank
in Sections of threes._
THREES RIGHT (OR |
LEFT) SHOULDERS |
FORWARD—QUICK |
MARCH—FORWARD. |
_S. 32. When the Column at quarter distance, moving to front, or
rear, takes ground to the Right, or Left, by the Echellon march of
Sections._
1. SECTIONS RIGHT (OR | _Officers remain on their proper pivot_
LEFT)—FORWARD. | _flank._
2. RE-FORM COLUMN— |
FORWARD. |
_Ground may be taken to a flank by the diagonal march._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) HALF |
TURN. |
_S. 33. When a Column halted, at Close, or Quarter distance, is to
wheel on a fixed, or moveable pivot._
_1. At close distance on a fixed pivot._
COLUMN TO THE RIGHT | _The flank file of front Company will_
(OR LEFT) WHEEL—QUICK | _face. Remaining Companies make a half_
(OR DOUBLE) | _face._
MARCH—HALT. | _Vide S. 10. No. 6._
_2. At close distance on a moveable pivot._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS |
FORWARD—HALT | _Rear Divisions will make a half turn to_
(OR FORWARD). | _the outward flank, and circle round._
_If the Column is to wheel in double time._
DOUBLE—FORWARD—QUICK. |
_3. At Quarter distance on a fixed pivot._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL— | _Rear Divisions half face to the wheeling_
QUICK (OR DOUBLE) | _flank. The front Division will advance_
MARCH—HALT. | _six paces, and wheel at shortened pace_
| _round the Pivot, the rear Divisions_
| _circling round._
_4. At Quarter distance on a moveable pivot._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS | _The Front division moves round at a short_
FORWARD—DOUBLE— | _pace, the pivot-man gradually advancing_
FORWARD—QUICK. | _in the new direction._
_S. 34. When a Close, or Quarter distance Column is to change its
front by the wheel and countermarch of Sub-divisions round the
centre._
_1. If at the halt._
COUNTER-MARCH BY |
SUB-DIVISIONS ROUND THE | _The Reverse sub-divisions face about._
CENTRE—RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _The whole wheel round in succession._
SUB-DIVISIONS—RIGHT |
ABOUT FACE—QUICK (OR | _ * When the leading Sub-division is in a_
DOUBLE) MARCH—*HALT, | _line upon the new front of the Column._
FRONT, DRESS. | FRONT _applies to the Reverse_
| _sub-divisions only._
_2. If the Column at Quarter distance is on the march._
RIGHT (OR LEFT) |
SUB-DIVISIONS—RIGHT |
ABOUT TURN—FRONT |
TURN—FORWARD. |
_S. 35. When a Column at close, or quarter distance, is to open out
to full, or half distance, from front, or rear._
_1. If from the front._
COLUMN WILL OPEN | _The requisite number of paces are_
FROM THE FRONT—RIGHT | _counted by the leaders of each Division._
ABOUT FACE—QUICK | Halt, Front.
MARCH. |
_2. If from the rear._
COLUMN WILL OPEN | _Each Division leader gives_ Halt _to the_
FROM THE REAR—QUICK | _Company in his front, when at the ordered_
MARCH. | _distance._
DEPLOYMENTS.
_Deployments are made from Column invariably on the base of the front
Company; Close columns deploy in File._
_S. 36. When the Battalion in column of Companies, at Close, or
Quarter distance (right in front), deploys into Line._
FROM CLOSE COLUMN.
_1. On the Front Company._
DEPLOY ON THE FRONT | _Each Company, in succession_—Front
COMPANY—REMAINING | turn—Halt, Dress up—Eyes front.
COMPANIES, |
LEFT FACE—QUICK |
MARCH. |
_2. On the Rear Company._
DEPLOY ON THE REAR | _When the front of the named Company_
COMPANY—REMAINING | _is clear, the Officer commanding it gives_—
COMPANIES, | Double march—Halt, Dress up—Eyes
RIGHT FACE—QUICK | front—_Remaining Companies successively_
MARCH. | —Halt, Front. _When uncovered_, Quick
| march, _and when in the alignement_, Halt,
| Dress up—Eyes front.
_Deployments on a central Company are performed in a similar manner.
In deploying on a rear, or central Company, the Company of formation
will be moved up in Double time._
FROM QUARTER DISTANCE COLUMN.
_3. When a Battalion in Column of Companies at quarter distance,
right in front, deploys upon its Front division._
DEPLOY ON THE FRONT |
COMPANY—REMAINING |
COMPANIES, THREES— |
RIGHT SHOULDERS FORWARD |
—QUICK (OR DOUBLE) | Left shoulders forward—Forward—
MARCH—FORWARD. | Halt, Dress up—Eyes front.
_4. On a Rear Company._
DEPLOY ON THE REAR | _When the Front is clear, Rear Company_
COMPANY—REMAINING | —Double march—Halt, Dress up—Eyes
COMPANIES, THREES— | front. _The other Companies successively_
LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD | —shoulders forward—Halt. _When uncovered_
—QUICK MARCH— | —Quick march—Halt, Dress up—Eyes front.
FORWARD. |
_The Base points are three paces in advance of the Front Company of
the Column._
ECHELLON FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS.
_S. 37. When a Battalion from Line wheels forward by Companies, to
either flank, into Echellon._
1. COMPANIES —— |
PACES TO THE —— |
WHEEL—QUICK |
MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
_2. When the Echellon thus formed marches forward, and halts._
QUICK MARCH—HALT. |
_S. 38. When the Battalion having wheeled from Line into Echellon,
has marched, and halted, and is to form back parallel to the Line it
quitted._
WHEEL BACK INTO |
LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress—Eyes front.
_S. 39. When the Battalion having wheeled from Line into Echellon,
has marched and halted, and is to form up oblique to the Line it
quitted._
_1. If the Formation is made forward._
LEADING DIVISION, | _Leading Division_—Halt, Dress—Eyes
—— PACES RIGHT | front. _Remaining Divisions_—shoulders
(OR LEFT) WHEEL— | forward—Halt, Dress up—Eyes front.
QUICK MARCH. |
FORM LINE—QUICK |
MARCH. |
_2. If the wheel of the leading Division exceed the number of paces
which it before wheeled from Line into Echellon, the others wheel up
one-half of that excess, move on, and successively dress up with it._
_3. If the formation is to be on the prolongation of the front
Division as it stands, the others wheel back one-half of what they
originally wheeled forward, then move on, and dress up with it._
_S. 40. When the Battalion formed in Line changes front on a fixed
flank Company, by throwing forward the rest of the Battalion._
CHANGE FRONT ON —— |
COMPANY, RIGHT (OR |
LEFT) THROWN FORWARD, |
—— COMPANY |
—— PACES RIGHT | _Company of formation_—Halt, Dress.
(OR LEFT) WHEEL. |
REMAINING COMPANIES, | _Remaining Companies—_
—— PACES TO THE |
—— WHEEL—QUICK | * Halt, Dress.
MARCH.* | † —— shoulders forward—Halt, Dress
| up—Eyes front.
QUICK MARCH.† |
_S. 41. When the Battalion changes front on a fixed flank Company, by
throwing back the rest of the Battalion._
CHANGE FRONT ON —— | —— Company on the —— backwards
COMPANY, RIGHT (OR | wheel—Quick march—Halt, Dress.
LEFT) THROWN BACK. |
REMAINING COMPANIES, |
RIGHT ABOUT FACE, |
—— PACES TO THE |
—— WHEEL—QUICK |
MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
QUICK MARCH (OR | —— shoulders forward—Halt, Front,
MARCH). | Dress up—Eyes front.
_S. 42. When the Battalion changes front on a central Company, by
advancing one Wing, and retiring the other._
_The Company of the Wing to be thrown back is wheeled backward, and
the Company of the wing to be brought forward is wheeled forward; or
a Central Company is wheeled upon its centre into the new direction._
—— WING, RIGHT |
ABOUT FACE—COMPANIES |
—— PACES |
INWARDS WHEEL—QUICK |
MARCH. | Halt, Dress.
QUICK MARCH. | _Companies successively_—shoulders forward—
| _and when in Line, those of the advancing_
| _Wing receive_—Halt, Dress up: _the
| retiring Wing_—Halt, Front, Dress up.
_S. 43. When, from Open column, the Companies wheel backward into
Echellon, in order to form in Line on the front Company._
1. FORM LINE ON THE | _The front Company remains square to_
LEADING DIVISION. | _the Column, or is wheeled backward into_
REMAINING DIVISIONS | _the intended direction of the Line by its_
—— PACES ON THE | _Officer._
—— BACKWARD | _If the front Company remains square,_
WHEEL—QUICK | _the remaining Companies wheel back four_
MARCH. | _paces, or the eighth of a circle; but if_
| _the direction be Oblique, then the_
| _remaining Companies wheel one-half the_
| _number wheeled by the front Company, in_
| _addition to the eighth of a circle_—Halt,
QUICK MARCH. | Dress. —— shoulders forward—Halt, Dress up
| —Eyes front.
_2. If the Line be formed on the rear Company of the Column, that
Company will stand fast, the others will receive._
RIGHT ABOUT FACE, |
—— PACES ON THE |
—— BACKWARDS |
WHEEL—QUICK | Halt, Dress.
MARCH. | —— shoulders forward—Halt, Front,
QUICK MARCH. | Dress up—Eyes front.
_3. If the Line is to be formed on a rear Company, but facing to the
Rear._
FORM LINE ON REAR |
COMPANY, FACING TO |
THE REAR. |
THE COLUMN WILL |
COUNTER-MARCH. |
—FACE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front, Dress—Eyes front.
FORM LINE ON THE |
LEADING DIVISION. |
REMAINING DIVISIONS, |
FOUR PACES ON THE |
—— BACKWARD |
WHEEL—QUICK | * Halt, Dress.
MARCH.* | † —— shoulders forward—Halt, Dress
QUICK MARCH.† | up—Eyes front.
_4. If the Line be formed on a Central Company of the Column._
FORM LINE ON THE |
RIGHT (OR LEFT) |
CENTRE COMPANY, |
—— WING RIGHT |
ABOUT FACE—FOUR |
PACES ON THE RIGHT |
(OR LEFT) BACKWARDS |
WHEEL—QUICK | _All except the central Company_ Halt,
MARCH. | Dress.
|
QUICK MARCH. | _Companies of Wings (except Company_
| _formed on_)—— shoulders forward—Halt,
| Dress up—Eyes front. _Or_ —— shoulders
| forward—Halt, Front, Dress up—Eyes
| front.
_S. 44. When from Line the Companies of a Battalion march off in
Echellon, successively and directly to the front; and again form Line
to the front, or flank._
_1. When the intention is to form Line to the front._
ADVANCE IN DIRECT |
ECHELLON OF COMPANIES | _When the leading Division receives_—Halt,
FROM THE | _the others move on, and_ Halt, Dress
RIGHT (OR LEFT). | up_, in line with it._
_2. When the intention is to form Line to the flank._
FORM LINE TO THE |
RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _Leading Division_—Halt, Dress—Eyes
FLANK. | front.
BY DIVISIONS, SHOULDERS | _Remaining divisions_—Halt, Dress up—
FORWARD—FORWARD. | Eyes front.
_3. If a Column is to be formed to the flank, from a direct Echellon._
FORM COLUMN IN REAR |
OF THE LEADING |
DIVISION—THREES— |
SHOULDERS FORWARD— |
FORWARD. | —— shoulders forward—Halt, Dress.
_S. 45. When a Battalion, in Echellon of Companies, halted, or in
motion, is required to form square._
COMPANIES RIGHT (OR | _The formation will proceed as directed_
LEFT) SHOULDERS | _in Section 29._
FORWARD—FORWARD—FORM |
SQUARE. |
_S. 46. When a Battalion marching in Line is to take ground to a
flank by the Echellon movement of Sub-divisions, or Sections._
1. SUB-DIVISIONS (OR |
SECTIONS) RIGHT (OR |
LEFT)—FORWARD. |
_2. When sufficient ground has been taken to the flank._
RE-FORM LINE—FORWARD— |
HALT. |
_3. When sufficient ground has been taken in Echellon to a flank, and
a forward formation of the Line is to be made._
FORM LINE ON THE | _The head Division is wheeled up two_
LEADING DIVISION. | _paces more and halted._
| _Divisions successively_ —— shoulders
| forward. Halt, Dress up—Eyes front.
_In taking ground to a flank, if a small degree of obliquity from
the former position is to be taken, the Line may wheel forward by
Companies; if a greater, by Sub-divisions; and if a greater still, by
Sections._
LIGHT INFANTRY.
SIGNALS AND SOUNDS FOR REGULATING MOVEMENTS.
The Officers’ call—_as established, and therefore not numbered_.
1. To extend.
2. To close.
3. To advance.
4. To halt.
5. To fire.
6. Cease firing.
7. To retreat.
8. Assembly.
9. Incline to the right.
10. Incline to the left.
11. The alarm.
INFANTRY SWORD EXERCISE.
Words of command throughout
THE PROGRESSIVE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE DRILL.
_The words in Italics are to serve as a caution only._
SECTION I.
EXTENSION MOTIONS, AND POSITIONS.
Attention.
_First extension motions._—One—Two—Three—Four—Five.
_First position in three motions._—One—Two—Three.
_Second position in two motions._—One—Two.
_Balance motions._—One—Two—Three—Four.
_First position._
_Third position in two motions._—One—Two.
_Second extension motions._—One—Two—Three.
First position.
Front.
Stand at ease.
Attention.
Positions.
First—Second—First—Third.
First—Second—Third—Second.
Single attack—Double attack.
Advance—Single attack—Retire—Double attack.
Front—Stand at ease.
SECTION II.
PREPARATORY INSTRUCTION WITH THE SWORD.
Attention.
Draw swords—Return swords—Draw swords—Slope swords.
Stand at ease.
Attention.
Prepare for Sword exercise.
Right prove distance—Slope swords.
Front prove distance—Slope swords.
Assault.
One—Two—Three—Four—Five—Six—Seven.
First Point—Two—Second Point—Two—Third Point—Two.
Defend.
Second—Third—Fourth—Fifth—Sixth—Seventh.
Parry—Two. Slope swords. Stand at ease.
Attention.
Guard—Inside guard—Outside guard.
Cut one. First guard.
Cut two. Second guard.
Cut three. Third guard.
Cut four. Fourth guard.
Cut five. Fifth guard.
Cut six. Sixth guard.
Cut seven. Seventh guard.
First point. Two.
Second point. Two.
Third point. Two.
Parry. Two.
Guard. Slope swords.
Stand at ease.
SECTION III.
REVIEW, OR INSPECTION EXERCISE.
Attention.
Prepare for Sword exercise.
Right prove distance—Slope swords.
Front prove distance—Slope swords.
Guard—Inside Guard—Outside guard.
One—Two—Three—Four—Five—Six—Seven.
Points—First—Second—Third—Parry.
Guard—Slope swords.
SWORD PRACTICE.
Guard.
_Inside, and outside Cuts._—One—Two—Three—Four—Five—Six.
Inside guard.
_Outside Cuts._—Two—Four—Six.
Outside guard.
_Inside Cuts._—One—Three—Five.
Guard—Slope swords—Stand at ease.
SECTION IV.
ATTACK AND DEFENCE.
Attention.
Front rank, Right about face—Prepare for Attack, and Defence.
Prove distance—Slope swords.
Guard—Inside guard—Outside guard.
Left cheek—Right cheek—Wrist—Leg.
Left side—Right side—Head.
First point—Two—Third point—Two.
Guard—Slope swords.
_Point, and Parry._—Guard—Third point—Point.
Point (continuing as long as requisite).
Guard—Slope swords—Stand at ease.
SECTION V.
STICK DRILL.
_First Practice._
Guard—Continuing the same words of command and movements as in the
“Attack and Defence” in Section 4th, omitting the word “Two” in the
delivery of each point.
_Second Practice._
Guard—Continuing, &c., as the “Point and Parry,” but not exceeding
Six points.
_Third Practice._
Guard—Leg—Inside guard—Leg.
Outside guard—Leg—Guard—Slope swords.
_Fourth Practice._
Guard—Head—Head—Leg—Leg—Head—Head—Guard.
Slope swords.
_Fifth Practice._
Head—Head—Arm—Head—Head—Arm.
Head—Head—Right side—Head—Head—Right side.
Slope swords.
When perfect, by Word of command, the whole of this Section is to
be performed in Quick time, by the drill officer naming only the
practice required, but first giving the caution—_Stick drill by
practice divisions._
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PITCHING, AND STRIKING TENTS.
1. Whenever possible, the quartermaster, or an officer acting for
him, with a non-commissioned officer and a camp colourman per
company, will precede the corps to be encamped.
2. This officer will take up ground for the companies’ and the
officers’ and other tents, &c., according to the directions he may
have received, to conform to one or other of the methods laid down in
the “Regulations for Encampments,” marking by a picket the spot to be
occupied by each tent-pole, and taking care that the lines of tents
are perpendicular and correctly covered.
3. Before arriving in camp the men will be told off for their several
functions as pole-men, peg-men, and unpackers of tents, two men being
allotted for each of these duties, and six in all for every tent.
More than this number only impede each other.
Each tent requires, therefore, one section of threes to pitch, or
strike it.
4. From the remainder of the company the parties will be told off
for provisions, wood, water, fire, guards and pickets, and for the
pitching of the officers’ orderly-room, store-room, guard-tents, &c.
To each tent, as far as possible, a non-commissioned officer will be
told off.
5. It is known that the soldiers’ tent, with its cords, occupies a
space of nearly 6 yards—that is, between 7 and 8 paces from pole to
pole.
6. The pole-men, being stationed at the spots indicated by the
pickets, the pole is lowered, and the cap of the tent fixed on, and
all things prepared for the raising of the tent. On the signal, or
word of command, the whole of the poles are raised together, the
skirt of the tent being lifted over the poleman’s head.
7. It will be remembered, that, to insure stability, four of the
cords which divide the circumference accurately into quarters, must
be first made fast before any of the others.
8. Each cord must be stretched on the true prolongation of the tent
seam.
9. The slides must be made fast at an equal distance from the tent
and the ground peg, so as to permit shifting, as expansion or
contraction of the cord ensues on atmospheric changes.
10. The non-commissioned officer sees that the door is properly
placed, and attends especially to the fastenings of the first four
pegs, with a view to the general uprightness of the pole and security
of the tent, under the general superintendence of the company’s
officers; one being stationed at the flank, the more easily to detect
and correct errors.
11. In order to strike the tents, all the pegs are drawn except
the four first driven, and four men place themselves at these in
readiness for the signal; they draw these pegs, and hold down the
tent till the signal be given.
12. On the signal, the pole-men lower the poles to the rear, and come
out by the door, bringing the poles with them.
13. In rolling up the tent, the cap is turned on one side, in such a
manner as shall make it visible at one end when the tent is rolled.
This prevents the cap from cutting the tent.
PART II.
ROYAL ARTILLERY.
CARBINE EXERCISE.
MANUAL EXERCISE.
Present arms.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Shoulder arms.
Slope arms.
Stand at ease.
Attention.
Carry arms.
Trail arms.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Trail arms.
Order arms.
Fix bayonets.
Shoulder arms.
Charge bayonets.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Unfix bayonets.
Stand at ease.
PLATOON EXERCISE.
_1. As a front rank standing._
_2. As a rear rank standing._
_3. As a front rank kneeling._
_4. As a rear rank kneeling._
_As front rank standing_, Load.
Handle cartridge.
Draw ramrods.
Ram down cartridge.
Return ramrods.
’Bout.
Prime.
_As front rank_—Ready.
Present.
Load, _as before directed_.
’Bout.
Prime.
Shoulder arms.
_As rear rank standing_—Ready.
Present.
Load.
&c., &c.
TO FIRE KNEELING.
_As front rank kneeling_—Ready.
Present.
Load, _as before directed_.
’Bout.
Prime.
Order, or Shoulder arms.
_As rear rank kneeling_—Ready.
Present.
Load, _as before directed_.
’Bout.
Prime.
Order, or Shoulder arms.
_Wing or Battalion: Company,_
_prepare to load._ Load.
_Company, Wing,_ } Ready.
_or Battalion._ } Present.
Half-cock arms.
Shoulder arms.
_To fire a volley, and half-cock._
Ready.
Present.
Shoulder arms.
INSPECTION OF A COMPANY.
Double distance—Rear rank take open order—March.
Port arms.
Half-cock arms.
Ease springs.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Examine arms.
Return ramrods.
Fix bayonets.
DISMISSAL OF A COMPANY.
Recover arms.
Right face.
Lodge arms.
TO FIRE A FEU-DE-JOIE.
With blank cartridge—Load.
Ready.
Present.
_Commence firing from the right,
and then reload._
_After the third fire._
Shoulder arms.
Present arms.
Shoulder arms.
Order arms.
Three cheers.
FUNERAL EXERCISE.
Present arms.
Reverse arms.
Rest upon your arms reversed.
Stand at ease.
Attention.
Reverse arms.
Rest upon your arms reversed.
Present arms.
Shoulder arms.
With blank cartridge—Load.
Ready.
Present.
_After the third round._
Shoulder arms.
Rear rank take close order—March.
On all occasions the percussion Carbine, when capped, or having
the snap-cap on, is to be kept at the half-cock, either when the
soldier is on duty, or at drill, or when the carbine is lodged in
the arm-rack of the guard-room or barrack-room; and on no account
whatever is the cock to be allowed to remain down upon the cap at
any time, except during the interval between the words of command,
“Fire,” and “Load,” in the Platoon exercise.
SWORD, ROYAL ARTILLERY.
lb. oz.
Weight { Sword 2 7½ } 4 lb.
{ Scabbard, steel 1 8½ }
inches.
Length { Blade 28¾ } 33¾ inches.
{ Handle 5 }
Light Cavalry pattern of 1822, for Royal Horse Artillery.
lb. oz.
Weight { Sword 2 5 } 4 lb. 6 oz.
{ Scabbard, steel 2 1 }
inches.
Length { Blade 35 } 40¾ inches.
{ Handle 5¾ }
CAVALRY, SWORD EXERCISE.
Review, or Inspection exercise.
Right prove distance—Slope swords.
Front prove distance—Slope swords.
Perform Sword exercise—First division—Second division.
The time to be taken from the Flugleman as follows:—
_Words of Command._ _Flugleman._
Right prove distance Right.
Slope swords Right.
Front prove distance Right.
Slope swords Right.
Perform sword exercise.
Engage Right.
Right guard Right.
Left guard Right.
Assault 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, Left and Right.
Right defend, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, Parry Right.
Left defend, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th.
Parry Right and Left.
Slope swords Left.
FIRST DIVISION. | SECOND DIVISION.
Assault Left. | Assault Left.
One Left. | One Left.
Point Left. | Point Right.
Two Right. | Two Right.
Point Right. | Point Left.
Three Right. | Three Right.
Point Right. | Point Left.
Four Left. | Four Left.
Point Left. | Point Right.
Five Left. | Five Left.
Point Left. | Point Right.
Six Right. | Six Right.
Point Right. | Point Left.
Seven Right. | Seven Right.
Point Right. | Point Right rear.
Slope swords Right. | Slope swords Right rear.
FORMATION FOR SWORD EXERCISE ON FOOT.
Officers take post in front. Right prove distance.
Quick march. Slope swords.
From the inward flanks of wings Front prove distance.
tell off by Threes. Slope swords.
From the right of the left wing Sword exercise.
open your files. First division.
Quick march. Second division.
From the right of threes to the Eyes right.
front, File. Return swords.
Quick march. Front form line.
Halt. Quick march.
Prepare for sword exercise. Close to the right of the
Eyes right. left wing.
Draw swords. Inwards face.
Slope swords. Quick march.
FORMATION FOR SWORD EXERCISE MOUNTED.
From the right of threes to the Slope swords.
front, File. Sword exercise.
March. First division.
Halt. Second division.
Right prove distance. Front form ranks.
Slope swords. March.
Front prove distance.
OFFICERS’ SALUTE.
The Officers to be formed in line at four paces distant from each
other, “Standing at ease” with the point of the sword lowered between
the feet, the edge to the right, and left hand covering the right.
ATTENTION—Carry swords.
REAR RANK TAKE OPEN ORDER—“Recover swords” and move forward an
oblique pace to the left, so as to be placed in front, and just clear
of the second File.
MARCH—Advance three paces to the front, and bring the sword to the
“Port,” the blade being diagonally across the body, the edge upwards,
and arms nearly extended; the left elbow bent with the hand as
high, and in front of the shoulder; holding the blade between the
forefinger and thumb, the knuckles to the front, and elbows close to
the side.
PRESENT ARMS—“Recover swords” at the second motion of the carbine;
and at the third motion lower the sword (to the full extent of the
arm) to the right, with the edge to the left, and point in the
direction of the right foot, the elbow close to the side, at the
same time raising the left arm as high as the shoulder, and bringing
the hand round by a circular motion over the peak of the cap, the
knuckles uppermost, and fingers extended.
SHOULDER ARMS—“Recover swords” at the first motion of the carbine;
and at the second motion “Port swords.”
REAR RANK TAKE CLOSE ORDER—“Right face;” and as the right foot is
drawn to the rear, “Recover swords.”
MARCH—Move back into the front Rank. “Front” and “Carry swords.”
The Salute on the march is to commence when at ten paces from the
Reviewing officer, the Officer on the right giving the signal to
prepare the other Officers by raising the fingers of the left
hand two paces, previous to saluting; the sword is then raised by
extending the arm to the right, and by a circular motion brought to
the “Recover;” and continuing the motion to the right shoulder, from
whence the sword is lowered, and the left hand is then gradually
raised over the peak of the cap in the manner before directed. The
time for completing the salute is six paces, commencing with the left
foot, and may be divided (for Drill practice) as follows:—First pace,
the sword raised to the right; Second pace, to the “Recover;” Third
pace, to the right shoulder; Fourth pace, the sword lowered to the
right; Fifth pace, the left arm raised; Sixth pace, hand brought to
the peak of the cap.
The head should be slightly turned towards the Reviewing Officer,
whilst passing him, and having done so six paces, and given the
signal (as before) “Recover swords” at one pace, and in “Port” the
following pace.
The same time is given for the Salute when mounted (which is to be
completed in four motions), but the sword should then be kept in a
line with the knee.
On the march, or when manœuvring, the sword may be carried to the
full extent of the arm, the guard of the hilt resting upon the inside
of the fingers, the back of the blade being against the hollow of the
shoulder.
PART III.
ORDNANCE, CARRIAGES, ETC.
ORDNANCE.
GUNS.
_Guns are distinguished_ from each other by their metal, and weight
of their shot.
_A Gun is divided into five parts_, which are named _Cascable_,
_First reinforce_, _Second reinforce_, _Chase_, _Muzzle_.
The metal is made thicker towards the breech than at the muzzle,
to strengthen the piece, for the elastic force of the Gunpowder is
there greatest, and diminishes in power as the space it occupies is
extended. The metal is made thinner towards the muzzle to make the
gun lighter.
_The Dispart_ is half the difference between the diameter of the
Gun at the base ring and at the swell of the muzzle. By affixing on
the muzzle a piece of metal equal to the height of the dispart, the
line of sight will be made parallel to the axis of the bore, and
therefore an object within point blank range can be seen. Howitzers,
and some guns which have a patch or projection on the upper part of
the muzzle, have no dispart, the semi-diameter of the muzzle with the
patch added to it being equal to the semi-diameter of the base ring.
Iron ordnance (Bloomfield’s) are intended to have a degree and a half
dispart, but the founder is allowed two-tenths of an inch variation
in casting Iron ordnance, for any difference which there may be
between the intended and actual diameter of the base ring and muzzle.