{Lache, Lachche,} = latch, take, receive, B. 166; _lached_, received,
B. 1186; taken, C. 266; reach, C. 322; “_lach_ out,” take away,
C. 425. A.S. _læccan_.
Lad, led, A. 801.
Ladde = lad, man (of inferior station), B. 36; C. 154. O.H.G. _laz_,
libertinus. Ger. _lasse_. Du. _laete_, a peasant.
Ladde-borde, larboard, C. 106.
Laddres, ladders, B. 1777.
Lade, led, A. 1146.
Ladyly, A. 774.
Ladyschyp, A. 578.
Lafte, left, B. 1004.
Laften, (_3d pers. pl. pret._) left, A. 622; C. 405.
{Lake, Llak,} lake, deep, B. 438, 536.
Lakke, sin against, abuse, B. 723. Dan. and Sw. _lak_, fault, vice.
Dan. _lakke_, decay, decline.
{Lalled, Laled,} spoke, B. 153, 913. Dan. _lalle_, to prattle.
Bavarian _lallen_, to speak thick, talk. Gr. λαλειν, to
talk.
Lance, take, C. 350.
Langage, language, B. 1556.
Langour, sorrow, A. 357.
Lansed (? _laused_), uttered, B. 668; C. 489. _Launch_, in the dialect
of Worcestershire, signifies to cry out, groan.
Lansed, ? quaked, B. 957.
Lanteȝ (? _lanceȝ_), lentest, gavest, B. 348.
Lantyrne, A. 1047.
Lape, lap, taste, B. 1434. _Lape_, lape, taste (Baker’s Northampton
Glossary).
Lappe, _sb._ A. 201. A.S. _læppa_, border, hem. “_Lappe_, skyrte
(_lappe_, barme, K.). Gremium.” (Prompt. Parv.)
“The word _lap_, according to many ancient writers, signified the
skirt of a garment. Thus G. de Bibelsworth says,
‘Car par deuant avez eskours (_lappes_),
Et d’en costé sont vos girouns (sidgoren).’
It denoted, likewise, the hinder skirt.” (Way in Prompt. Parv.)
Lapped, folded, clothed, B. 175. See T. B. 236.
Lasched, B. 707. ? became hot, lascivious.
Lasned = lessened, made smaller, B. 438, 441.
Lasse, less, A. 599, 600; B. 1640.
Laste, follow, A. 1146; C. 320. A.S. _last_, footstep. Goth,
_laistjan_, to follow after.
Laste, fault, crime, C. 198.
Lastes, becomes faulty, B. 1141. Dan. _last_, vice, fault. O.N.
_löstr_. S.Sax. _last_, calumny, blame. Icel. _last_. Ger.
_lästerung_, slander.
Lat, slow, late, B. 1172. A.S. _læt_, slow, late. Cf. _“lat_-a foot,
slow in moving.” (Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary.)
Laþe, to invite, B. 81. A.S. _lathian_. O.Sax. _lathian_. O.N. _lada_.
Prov.E. _lathe_, to invite. A.S. _lathu_, invitation. N.Prov.E.
_lathing_, invitation.
Lauce, loosen, do away with (?), B. 1589.
Laue, law, B. 723.
Lauande, pouring, flowing, B. 366.
Laue, pour out, A. 607; C. 154. A.S. _lafian_.
Launceȝ, branches (of trees), A. 978.
Launde, an open space between woods, a park; _lawn_, B. 1000, 1207.
“_Saltus_ a lawnd.” (Nominale MS.) Welsh _llan_. “_Lawnde_ of a
wode. Saltus.” (Prompt. Parv.) “_Indago_, a parke, a huntynge place,
or a _launde_.” (Ortus.) “_Lande_, a _land_ or _launde_, a wild
untilled shrubbie or bushy plaine.” (Cotg.) O.Fr. _lande_, saltus.
“Sythyne [he] wente into Wales wyth his wyes alle;
Sweys into Swaldye with his snelle houndes,
For to hunt at the hartes in thas hye _laundes_.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 6.)
Lawe, hill, B. 992. Sc. _law_. A.S. _hlæw_, mound, mount. Goth.
_hlaiw_.
Lawles, C. 170.
Lay, put down, B. 1650.
Layke, _sb._ sport, play, amusement, B. 122, 1053.
Layke, _vb._ to play, B. 872. A.S. _lác_, play; _lácan_, to play.
Layke, device, B. 274; C. 401.
Layned, kept secret, A. 244. N.Prov.E. _lane_, to hide. O.N. _leyna_.
Layth, vile, evil, C. 401. A.S. _láth_, evil, harm; _láth_, hateful,
evil; “_laithe_ hurtes,” T. B. 1351.
Layte, seek, search, B. 97, 1768. N.Prov.E. _late_. Icel. _leita_. Sw.
_leta_, to look for; “_laytyng_ aboute,” T. B. 2348.
Laȝares, lepers, B. 1093.
Laȝe, laugh, B. 653, 661.
{Laȝte, Laȝt,} = laught, took, A. 1128, 1205. See _Lache_.
Le, shelter, C. 277. A.S. _hleo_, shade, shelter. Cf. T. B. 2806. O.N.
_hlja_, to protect. Cf. _Leeside_ = the sheltered side of a ship.
“---- thar I the tell
Is the richt place and sted for ȝour cite,
And of ȝour travell ferm hald to rest in _le_.”
--(G. Doug. vol. i. p. 152.)
“Þe wicked alsua þe gode sal se,
Wit-in þair gamen stad and gle,
Þat þai þe sorfuller sal be,
Þat losen folili has þat _le_.” (_i.e._, heaven).
--(“De Penis,” quoted in “Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience,” l. 4,
p. xii.)
Leauty, loyalty, B. 1172.
Lebarde, leopard, B. 536.
Lecherye, B. 1350.
{Led, Lede,} man, person, A. 542; B. 412. A.S. _leód_, man.
{Led, Leede,} people, nation, B. 691, 772, 909. A.S. _leóde_, people,
folk.
Ledden = leden, sound, A. 878. Chaucer uses the word _leden_ in the
sense of _speech_, _language_. A.S. _hlyd_. O.N. _hliod_, a sound.
Ledisch, national, pertaining to a people or country, B. 1556. S.Sax.
_leodisce_. See _Lede_.
{Leef, Lef,} _adj._ dear, precious; _sb._ dear one, wife, A. 266, 418;
B. 772, 939, 1066. A.S. _leóf_.
Lefly, dear, beloved, B. 977. A.S. _leóflíc_.
Lefsel, bower, house formed of leaves, C. 448.
“By a lauryel ho (Dame Gaynour) lay, vndur a _lefe-sale_,
Of box and of barberè, byggyt ful bene.”
--(The Anturs of Arther in Robson’s Met. Rom. p. 3, vi. 5.)
“With _lefsales_ uppon lofte lustie and faire.” (T. B. 337.)
A.S. _leaf_, a leaf, and _sel_, dwelling, hall. Sw. _löfsal_, a hut
built of green boughs. _Levesel_ (another form of _lefsel_) is used
by Chaucer (Reve’s Tale, 4059), but is left unexplained in the
glossary to Wright’s edition. Tyrwhitt’s derivation of this term
from A.S. _lefe_, folium, and _setl_, sedes, is certainly very near
the mark. Cf. “_levecel_ beforne a wyndowe, or other place.
Umbraculum.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Lege, liege, subject, B. 94, 1174.
Legioune, A. 1121, B. 1293.
Lel, true, B. 425. “Leve this for _lell_.” T. B. 239.
Lelly, truly, faithfully, A. 305; B. 1066. See T. B. 420.
Leme, glide away, A. 358.
Leme, shine, gleam, A. 119, 1043; B. 1273. A.S. _leóma_, a ray of
light; _leóman_, to shine. See T. B. 699.
Lemman = leof-man, beloved one, mistress, A. 763, 796, 805; B. 1352.
A.S. _leóf_, dear, and _man_. O.E. _leofmon_, a lover.
Lene, grant, C. 347. A.S. _lænian._
Lenge, dwell, abide, A. 261, 933; B. 81, 412, 497, 994; C. 42. See
T. B. 1937.
Lenger, longer, A. 600, 977; B. 810; _lengest_, B. 256.
Lenghe, length, A. 416.
Lent (_pret._ of _lend_), abode, dwelt, B. 256; _watȝ lent_, had
dwelt, B. 1084.
Lent, arrived, C. 201. A.S. _gelandian_, to land, arrive.
“Langour _lent_ is in land, all lychtnes is lost.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 447.)
Lenþe, length, A. 1031; B. 425, 1594.
Lep, leaped, C. 179.
Lere, to teach, B. 843. A.S. _læran_
Lere, reward, ? _here_, A. 616.
{Ler, Lere,} countenance, A. 398; _pl._ _lers_, features, B. 1542 A.S.
_hleor_. See T. B. 480.
Lese, false, A. 865. See _Lese_.
Lesande, loosening, opening, A. 837. O.E. _lese_, _les_, to loose.
Goth. _lausjan_.
Lese, false, B. 1719. A.S. _leas_.
{Lest, Leste,} lost, A. 9; B. 887.
Lesyng, _sb._ lie, A. 897. A.S. _leasung_.
Leþe, assuage, lessen, cease, bate, cool. A. 377; B. 648; C. 3. A.S.
_leothian_, to release, slacken. See Met. Hom. p. 135.
Leþe, _sb._ calm, C. 160. N.Prov.E. _leath_, rest, quiet. Stratmann
compares O.Du. _lede_, ease, _leath_.
Lether, leather, B. 1581.
Lette, hinder, prevent, A. 1050; B. 1803.
Letter, B. 1580.
Lettrure, letters, learning, A. 751.
Leue, “_aske leue_,” A. 316; “_take leue_,” B. 401.
Leue, forsake, C. 401.
Leue, believe, A. 69, 865, 876; B. 1493.
Leued, leaved, A. 978.
Lewed, ignorant, B. 1580. A.S. _leóde_, _leúd_, the people.
Lik, to lick, B. 1000.
Likke, sip, drink, B. 1521.
Liureȝ, dresses, garments, A. 1108. O.Fr. _livree_.
Lode, lot, C. 156.
Lode, course, conduct, guidance, C. 504. A.S. _lád_, _ládu_, way. O.N.
_leid_, course. Cf. _lode_, a way for water.
Lodesmon, conductor, pilot, B. 424; C. 179. A.S. _ládman_, a leader.
{Lodly, Lodlych,} loathsome, hateful, vile, B. 274, 1090, 1093.
N.Prov.E. _laidly_, ugly, foul. A.S. _láthlíc_, odious, detestable.
“He laid on þat _loodly_, lettyd he noght.” (T. B. 934.)
Lofly, dear, lovely, B. 1804.
Lofte, “_upon lofte_,” on high, B. 206, 318, 808. O.N. _lopt_, sky,
air.
{Loge, Logge,} tent, lodge, B. 784, 807, 1407; C. 457. Fr. _loge_,
a hut. See T. B. 1140, 1369.
Logging, lodging, B. 887.
{Loghe, Loȝ,} = low, lau, pit, deep, abyss, B. 366. O.N. _lagr_. Sw.
_låg_, low.
Lokande, looking, C. 458.
Loke = loken, enclosed, C. 350.
Loke, guard, watch over, C. 504.
Lokyng, _sb._ sight, looking, A. 1049.
Loltrande, ? _loitrande_, lolling, loitering, C. 458. Du. _loteren_,
to loiter. O.N. _lotra_, to go lazily.
Lombe, lamb, A. 841, 1047.
Lome, lame, B. 1094.
Lome, vessel, instrument of any kind; (1) ark; (2) boat, B. 314, 412,
443; C. 160. A.S. _gelóma_, _lóma_.
Lomerande, hesitating, creeping, B. 1094. This term seems to be
connected with _lumber_. O.E. _lumer_, _lomer_, to move heavily.
O.Du. _lammer_, _lemmer_, impedimentum, molestia. (Kil.) Dan.
_belemre_. Du. _belemmern_, to encumber, impede.
Lompe, lamp, A. 1046.
Londe, land, A. 148, 937.
Lone, path, lane, A. 1066. N.Prov.E. _lone_, _lannin_. Fris. _lona_,
_lana_, a narrow way between gardens and houses. Is it connected
with O.N. _leyna_, to hide, conceal?
Longande, belonging, A. 462.
Longed, belonged, B. 1090, 1747.
Lont, land, C. 322.
Lopen (_p.p._ of _lepe_, to leap), leapt, B. 990.
Lore, wisdom, learning, B. 1556. A.S. _lár_.
Lore, mode, wise, A. 236.
Lorn, lost, destroyed, B. 932.
Los, loss, B. 1589.
Lose, destroy, B. 909; C. 198; depart, be lost, A. 908.
Losed, lost, B. 586.
Losyng, perdition, B. 1031.
Losynger, _sb._ liar, deceiver. O.Fr. _losengier_.
{Lot, Lote,} sound, noise, roar, A. 876; C. 161, 183; word, B. 668.
Sw. _låta_, to sound; _låt_, sound; _låte_, cry, voice. A.S.
_hleóthor_, a sound, noise. O.E. _lud_, voice. The original form of
the word is _late_.
“Than have we liking to lithe (listen to) the _lates_ of the
foules.” --(K. Alex. p. 149.)
“(He) _late_ so lathely a _late_ and sa loude cried
That all the fest was aferd and othire folke bathe.”
--(K. Alex. p. 17.)
“He gaped, he groned faste, with grucchande _latez_.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 90.)
Lote = late, countenance, feature, form, manner, A. 899; C. 47. This
word occurs in Laȝamon under the form _late_, looks, glances.
Glossarial remarks to Laȝamon, p. 449. _Lete_, countenance, is found
in the Owl and Nightingale, 35, 403. A.S. _wlite_. O.N. _læti_.
Lote, lot, A. 1205; C. 173.
Lote = lout, bow, A. 238. A.S. _lútan_, to bend, bow, stoop. Sw.
_luta_. See T. B. 1900.
Loþe, _sb._ sorrow, A. 377. A.S. _láth_, evil, harm.
Loþelych, wicked, bad, B. 1350.
Loute, abide, sit, A. 933.
Loute, bow, make obeisance. B. 798. See _Lote_.
Louande, praising, B. 1719.
Loue, praise, A. 285, 1124, 1127; B. 497, 987. A.S. _lofian_.
Loueȝ, hands, B. 987. N.Prov.E. _leuf_, palm of the hand, and hence
used for the hand itself. _Palm_ is used for the hand in early
English authors. O.N. _lofi_. Sc. _loof_.
“(He) held the letter in his _love_.” --(K. Alex. p. 71.)
“----he takis
The licor in his awen (one) _loove_,
the letter in the tothire.” --(_Ibid._ l. 2569.)
Loueloker, more lovely, A. 148.
Lovne, offer (advice), propose, C. 173. N.Prov.E. _loave_, _loff_, to
offer. O.N. _lofa_, promise, praise. Du. _looven_. Flem. _loven_,
estimate. Cf. “_Lovon_ and bedyn as chapmen, Licitor.” (Prompt.
Parv.)
Louy, love, B. 841, 1053.
{Louely, Louyely, Louyly, Louelych,} lovely, A. 565, 693; B. 1486.
Lowe, flame; “_luf lowe_,” flame of love, B. 707. O.E. _logh_ (see
T. B. 168) “the _lowe hot_,” T. B. 494.
Lowkande, locking, shutting, B. 441.
{Loȝ, Loȝe,} the deep, pit, sea, A. 119; B. 441, 1031; C. 230. See
_Loghe_.
Loȝ, Loȝe, low, B. 798, 1761.
Loȝed, made low, abased, B. 1650.
Loȝen, laughed (_3rd pers. pl. pret._ of _laȝe_, B. 495.
Loȝly, humbly, B. 614, 745.
Luche, pitch, throw, C. 230. N.Prov.E. _lutch_, to pulsate strongly.
W. _lluchio_, to fling, throw violently. Stratmann suggests A.S.
_lyccan_, pull, lutch.
{Ludych, Ludisch,} national, B. 73, 1375. See _Ledisch_.
Luf, _gen. sing._, of love, B. 707.
{Lufly, Luflych, Luflyly,} lovely, A. 880; B. 81; 939; C. 419.
Lufsoum, _sb._ lovesome, beloved one, A. 398.
Luged, was pulled, B. 443. O.N. _lugga_.
Lulted, sounded, B. 1207. O.N. _lulla_, to lull, sing to sleep. Cf.
“_lullit_ on slepe,” T. B. 648. Ger. _lallen_, to sing without
words, only repeating the syllable _la_. N.Prov.E. _lilt_, to sing
with a loud voice; _lilt_, a song.
Luly-whit, lilly-white, B. 977.
Lumpen, befallen, B. 424, 1320. See _Lympe_.
Lur, loss, C. 419.
“What _lure_ is of my lyfe & I lyffe here.” --(T. B. 582.)
Lureȝ, losses, A. 339, 358. A.S. _lyre_, _lor_.
{Lurke, Lurkke,} A. 978; C. 277. See T. B. 1140.
Lusty, B. 981.
Luther, bad, wicked, B. 163, 1090; C. 156. A.S. _lyther_.
Luuy, love. See _Louy_.
Lyf, life, B. 1719.
Lyflode, sustenance in life, B. 561. A.S. _lif-láde_, from _lád_,
a way.
{Lyft, Lyfte,} heavens, firmament, sky, B. 212, 366, 1356, 1448. A.S.
_lyft_.
Lyftande, lifting, rising, B. 443.
Lyfte, raised, A. 567.
Lyfte, left, B. 981, 1581.
Lygge, lie, B. 1126, 1792. A.S. _licgan_.
Lyke, _vb. impers._ please, A. 566; B. 36, 411, 693, 1646.
Lyke, _adj._ pleasing, C. 42.
Lykker, more like, C. 493.
Lykneȝ, likens, compares, A. 500; is like, B. 1064.
Lyknyng, _sb._ likeness, C. 30.
Lykoreȝ, liquors, drinks, B. 1521.
Lykyng, _sb._ pleasure, A. 247; B. 172, 1803. See T. B. 2912.
Lylled, flourished, shone, C. 447. N.Prov.E. _lilli-lo_, a bright
flame. Cf. Mod. Gr. λουλούδι, a blossom; λουλουδιαζω, to flourish,
bloom. Is _lylle_, to flourish, connected with the word _lilly_?
Lympe, befall, happen, C. 174, 194. See T. B. 36. A.S. _limpan_, to
happen, concern.
Lyne, lineage, A. 626.
Lynne, linen, A. 731.
Lyre, flesh, B. 1687. A.S. _lira_.
Lysoun, trace, B. 887.
{Lyst, Lyste,} _sb._ pleasure, A. 467, 908; B. 843; lust, B. 693;
_vb._ desire, please, A. 146; B. 415, 1766.
Lyst, path, border, B. 1761. Du. _lijst_, edge, border.
Lysten, to hear, A. 880.
Lysten, hearing, B. 586. A.S. _hlist_, hearing; _hlistan_, to hear,
listen. O.N. _hlust_, an ear.
Lyte, little, B. 119.
Lyth, limb, A. 398. A.S. _lith_.
Lyþe, assuage, lessen, A. 357. See _Leþe_.
Lyþe, grant, A. 369.
Lyþer, evil, wickedly, A. 567. See _Luþer_.
Lyþerly, badly, negligently, B. 36.
{Lyuie, Lyuy,} live, B. 558, 581; C. 364.
Lyuyande, living, A. 700.
Lyȝe, lie, A. 304.
Lyȝt, light, A. 69, 1043; bright, A. 500; innocent, guiltless, pure,
A. 682; B. 987; _lette_ _lyȝt_, esteem, treat lightly, B. 1174,
1320.
{Lyȝt, Lyȝte,} _vb._ to light, fall upon, A. 247, 943, 988; B. 213,
1069.
Lyȝten, to lighten, C. 160.
Lyȝtly, easily, A. 358; soon, quickly, B. 817, 853; C. 88. Comp.
_lyȝtloker_, C. 47.
Ma, make, A. 283; B. 625.
Ma, man (?), A. 323.
{Mach, Machche,} = make, fellow, companion, B. 124, 695, 1512. See
_Make_.
Mache, to make familiar with, C. 99.
{Mad, Madde,} foolish, A. 267, 290, 1166; B. 654. Prov. Ger. _maden_,
to tattle; _madeln_, to mutter.
“Thi momlyng and thi _mad_ wordes.” --(See T. B. 1864.)
Madde, _vb._ to render foolish, A. 359.
Maddyng, folly, A. 1154.
“_Madding_ marrid has thi mode, and thi mynd changid.”
--(K. Alex. p. 121.)
{Mak, Make,} = mach, match, equal, fellow, wife, A. 759; B. 248, 331,
994. A.S. _maca_, a mate; _mace_, a wife.
“Þe king him (Joseph) did a wiif to tak,
Hight Assener, a doghti _mak_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 27a.)
Makeleȝ, matchless, A. 435, 733, 757, 780.
Male, B. 337, 695.
Malicious, C. 508.
Malscrande, accursed, B. 991.
Malskred, bewildered, C. 255. Bosworth quotes “_malscra_, a
bewitching,” upon the authority of Somner.
{Malt, Malte,} ease, assuage, soothe, B. 776, 1566. O.N. _melta_, to
dissolve.
Malte, discourse, speak, A. 224, 1154. A.S. _mælan_, to speak,
converse; _mathelian_, _mæthlan_, to discourse.
{Malyce, Malys,} B. 250, 518; C. 4.
Man = maken (_3d pers. pl. pres._), make, A. 512.
Manace, threaten, C. 422.
Manayre, manor, A. 1029.
Mancioun, mansion, B. 309.
Maner, manner, B. 701.
Maner, manor, A. 918.
Manerly, properly, decently, B. 91.
Mangerie, feast, B. 52, 1365. Fr. _manger_, to eat, from Lat.
_manducare_.
Mankyn, mankind, A. 637.
Mansed, cursed, B. 774; C. 82. A.S. _a-mánsumian_, to excommunicate.
Mantyle, mantle, C. 342.
Marchal, marshal, B. 91, 118.
Mare, more, A. 145.
{Margary, Margyrye,} pearl, A. 199, 1037; B. 556.
Marie, marry, B. 52.
Marked, market, A. 513.
Marre, corrupt, spoil, destroy, perish, A. 23; B. 279, 991; C. 172,
474. O.H.G. _marrjan_, to hinder, make void. A.S. _merran_,
_myrran_, to hinder. Du. _merren_, to obstruct.
Marereȝ = marreȝ (?). A. 382.
{Maryag, Maryage,} A. 414, 778; B. 186.
Maryed, married, B. 815.
Marryng, _sb._ spoiling, preventing, B. 186.
Marschal, B. 1427.
Maryners, C. 99.
Mas, mass, A. 1115.
Mascelleȝ, spotless, A. 732.
Mascle, spot, A. 726. Du. _maese_, _masche_, _maschel_, a spot, stain;
_maschelen_, to stain.
Mase (masse), astonishment, alarm, B. 395.
{Maskeleȝ, Maskelles, Maskelleȝ,} spotless, A. 744, 745, 756, 768.
Maskle, spot, stain, B. 556. See _Mascle_.
Masporye (?), A. 1018.
Mate, dejected, downcast, subdued, A. 386. Fr. _mat_.
Mate, to overcome, A. 613. Fr. _mater_. O.Fr. _amater_. Cf. Du. _mat_,
exhausted, overcome. Ger. _matt_, feeble, faint.
Mater, subject, B. 1617.
Matere, matter, C. 503.
{Maugre, Maugref, Mawgre,} C. 44, 54. Fr. _malgré_, in spite of,
against the will of; _mal_, ill; _gré_, will, pleasure. In B. 250
_mawgre_ is used as a _sb._ = displeasure.
Mawe, stomach, C. 255. Ger. _magen_. Du. _maag_.
May, maid. A. 435, 780. A.S. _mæg_.
Maynful, great, powerful, A. 1093; B. 1730. A.S. _mægen_, power,
force, strength. O.N. _megin_, strength; _mega_, to be able.
Maynly, loudly, B. 1427.
Mayntnaunce, maintenance, B. 186.
Mayntyne, maintain, C. 523.
Mayster, master, lord, A. 462, 900; B. 1793.
Maysterful, powerful, A. 401; B. 1328.
Maystery, mastery, C. 482.
Maȝt, power, C. 112. Goth. _mahts_. Ger. _macht_, might, power.
Maȝty, mighty, B. 273, 279.
Maȝtyly, mightily, B. 1267.
Mede = meed, reward, B. 1632.
Medoes, meadows, B. 1761.
Megre, meagre, lean, B. 1198. Fr. _maigre_. Lat. _macer_, lean.
Mekne, make meek, B. 1328.
Mele, meal, B. 625.
Mele, _sb._ discourse, A. 23.
Mele, _vb._ to talk, relate, say, A. 497, 589; B. 736; C. 10.
“To _mele_ of this mater.” (T. B. 209.)
Melle, speak, A. 797. See _Malte_.
Membreȝ, members, A. 458.
Mendes, amends, A. 351.
Mendyng, _sb._ improvement, repentance, A. 452; B. 764.
Mene, general, common, B. 1241. A.S. _gemæne_. Ger. _gemein_.
Mene, mean, A. 293.
Mene, tell, explain, B. 1635. A.S. _mænan_, to tell.
{Meng, Menge,} mix, join, B. 337, 625. A.S. _mengan_.
{Mensk, Menske,} _sb._ honour, A. 162, 783; B. 121, 522; thanks,
B. 646; _vb._ to honour, B. 141, 1740. A.S. _mennisc_, human.
N.Prov.E. _mense_, to grace, deck; _mense_, decency, good manners.
Mensked, honoured, B. 118.
Menteene, maintain, A. 783.
Mercy, A. 576, 623.
Mercyable, merciful, B. 1113; C. 238.
Mercyles, B. 250.
Mere = meer, boundary, B. 778; C. 320. Du. _meere_. O.N. _mæri_,
boundary.
Mere, sea, lake, stream, A. 140, 158, 1166; B. 991; C. 112. A.S.
_mere_. O.Sax. _meri_. O.N. _mar_.
Merit, B. 613.
Merk, _adj._ dark, obscure, B. 1617.
Merk, _sb._ darkness, B. 894; C. 291. A.S. _myrc_, dark. O.N. _myrkr_,
darkness; _myrka_, to darken, grow dark.
Merke, make, devise, order, place, B. 558, 637, 1487, 1617. A.S.
_mearcian_. O.N. _merkia_, to mark, perceive, signify.
Mersy, A. 383; B. 776.
{Meruayle, Merwayle,} _adj._ marvellous, C. 81; _sb._ a marvel,
A. 1081, 1130; B. 586.
Meruelous, A. 1166.
Mery, pleasant, B. 1760.
Mes, A. 862. See _Messe_.
Message, B. 454; C. 81.
Meschef, evil, misfortune, A. 275; B. 373, 1164.
Mese, moderate, temper, assuage, B. 764. See _Methe_.
“Sir Pylate mefe you now no more,
But _mese_ youre hart, and mend youre mode.”
--(Town. Myst. p. 175.)
“Kyng Eolus set hie apon his chare,
With ceptoure in hand, thar muyd (mood) to _meys_ and stille.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 27.)
“The blastis _mesit_.” --(_Ibid._ p. 130.)
“A _mes_ you of malice,
but a mene qwile.” --(T. B. 12842.)
Messe, mass, service, A. 497.
Messeȝ, messes (of meat), B. 637.
Mester, need, B. 67; C. 342.
Mesure, measure, moderation, A. 224; B. 215, 247, 565; C. 295.
Mesurable, mild, temperate, B. 859.
Metalles, B. 1513.
Mete, meat, food, applied to an apple, A. 641.
Meten, to measure, A. 1032.
{Meth, Meþe,} moderation, mildness, pity, B. 247, 436, 565.
“And Mari ledd hir life with _methe_
In a toun that hiht Nazarethe.” --(Met. Hom. p. 107.)
A.S. _mæthian_, to measure, estimate, use gently; _mæth_, measure,
degree; _mæthlic_, kind, courteous. N.Prov.E. _meedless_, without
measure, immoderate.
Meþeleȝ, immoderate, B. 273.
Mette, measure, B. 625.
Metȝ = mese (?), pity, B. 215.
Meuande, moving, B. 783.
Meue, move, A. 156; B. 303.
Meuen (_3rd pers. pl. pres._), move, A. 64. See T. B. 384.
Meyny, labourers, servants, A. 542; household, B. 331; company,
A. 892, 899, 925; B. 454; C. 10.
Miry, pleasant, C. 32.
Misschapen (monstrous), wicked, B. 1355.
Mistrauthe, unbelief, B. 996.
Mo, more, A. 870, 1194; B. 674.
{Mod, Mode,} = mood, pride, A. 401, 738; B. 565, 764.
Moder, mother, A. 435.
{Modey, Mody,} = proud, haughty, B. 1303; C. 422.
Mokke, muck, dirt, A. 905.
Mol = mul, dust, A. 382. Flem. _mul_, _gemul_, dust. Du. _mullen_, to
crumble. Pl. D. _mull_, loose earth, dust. Cf. “peat-_mull_,” the
dust and fragments of peat. (Brockett.)
Molde, earth, B. 279; _moldeȝ_, lands, B. 454; “_on molde_,” on earth,
B. 514, 1114; “_in moldeȝ_,” in earth, C. 494. A.S. _molde_, mould,
earth. Goth. _mulda_. O.H.G. _molta_. Dan. _muld_.
“Loo! here the duchez dere to daye was cho takyne,
Depe dolvene and dede, dyked _in moldez_.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 82.)
Mon, man, A. 310.
Mon, moan, sorrow, A. 374.
Mone, moon, A. 923.
Monkynd, mankind, B. 564.
Mon-sworne, perjury, B. 182. Other forms of this word are
_main-sworn_, _man-sworn_. O.H.Ger. _meinsweridi_, perjury, from
_main_, _mein_, spot, stain, injury, impure, bad. O.N. _mein_, sore,
crime.
Mony, many, A. 572; B. 1164.
Monyth, month, B. 493, 1030.
Moon, moan, sorrow, B. 373.
Moote = mote, spot, blemish, A. 948.
Mor, moor, B. 385, 1673. A.S. _mór_, a moor, heath.
Morehond, more, A. 475. Cf. _nerehande_, near; _betuixande_, betwixt.
{Morn, Morne,} morning, B. 493; morrow, B. 1001.
Mornyf, mournful, A. 386.
Mornyng, _sb._ mourning, A. 262.
Morteres, mortars, B. 1487.
{Most, Moste,} greatest, B. 254, 385.
Mot, must, may, A. 397, 663.
{Mot, Mote,} spot, blemish, sin, A. 764, 843, 855. Du. _mot_, dust.
Mote, _vb._ speak to, A. 613. A.S. _mótian_, to moot, debate. Then
Medea with mowthe _motys_ thus agayne. T. B. 610.
Mote, building, dwelling, abode, A. 142, 936, 937, 948, 949; city,
C. 422. _Mote_ signifies a hill, mound, moat, and hence a city on
a hill (?). Mid. Lat. _mota_, hill or mound. O.Fr. _mote_.
“Þe bryght ceté of heven is large and brade,
Of whilk may na comparyson be made
Tille na ceté þat on erth may stand,
Ffor it was never made with mans hand.
Bot yhit, als I ymagyn in my thoght,
I lyken it tylle a ceté þat war wroght
Of gold, of precyouse stones sere,
Opon a _mote_, sett of berylle clere,
With walles, and wardes, and turrettes,
And entré, and yhates, and garrettes.”
--(Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, p. 239, l. 8896.)
MS. Lansd. 348, reads _mount_ for _mote_.
{Moteles, Moteleȝ,} spotless, A. 899.
Moul = mould, earth, A. 23.
Moun (_3rd pers. pl._ of _mowe_, to be able), are able, A. 536.
Mount, A. 868; B. 447.
Mountaunce, amount, C. 456.
Mountayne, B. 385.
{Mountes, Mounteȝ,} = amounts, avails, A. 351; C. 332.
Mourkenes, _mirkens_, becomes dark, B. 1760. O.N. _myrka_, to darken,
Dan. _mörkne_.
Mourkne, to rot, become rotten, B. 407. From this verb is derived the
O.E. _morkin_, a dead beast, carrion, a scarecrow. O.N. _morkinn_,
rotten; _morkna_, to rot.
Mourne, to mourn, C. 508.
Moȝt, might, could, B. 1108, 1668.
Mudde, B. 407.
Mukel, great, B. 52, 366, 1164. O.N. _mikill_.
Mul, dust, dirt, A. 905; B. 736. See _Mol_.
Multyplyed, B. 278.
Mun, C. 44. This may be another form of _mon_ = moan. But the phrase
“_maugre his mun_,” leads us to reject this interpretation. _Maugre_
is generally used with some part of the body, as “_mawgre his
tethe_,” “_maugre his chekes_,” etc. _Mun_ may therefore signify the
mouth. (Sw. _mun_, a mouth.) The term is still retained in the north
of England. Halliwell quotes the following:
“A common cry at Coventry on Good Friday is--
‘One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns,
Butter them and sugar them and put them in your _muns_.’”
Munster = minster, church, cathedral, temple, B. 1267; C. 268.
Munt, purpose, A. 1161. N.Prov.E. _munt_, a hint. See _Mynt_.
Murte, break, crush, C. 150. Pl. D. _murten_, to crush. See
_to-murte_. In T. B. 4312 we have _myrte_ = to crush. Bothe
mawhownus & maumettes _myrtild_ in peces.
Myddeȝ, midst, A. 740. See _In-myddeȝ_.
Mydnyȝt, midnight, B. 894.
Myke, _sb._ B. 417. Cf. Du. _mik_. The crutches of a boat, which
sustain the main boom or mast and sail when they are lowered for the
convenience of rowing.
Mykeȝ, free labourers (?), A. 572. A.S. _mecg_, a man. In the _Cursor
Mundi_, Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 17, the angels are represented
as speaking to Lot as follows:
“‘Has þou her,’ þai said, ‘ani man,
Sun or doghter, _mik_ or mau,
To þe langand, or hei or lau
Þou lede þam suith out o þis tun
Ar þat hit be sunken don.’”
But ? _be mykeȝ_ = he _mykeȝ_, he chooses.
Myneȝ, “_me myneȝ_,” I remember, B. 25. A.S. _mynan_, to remember.
O.N. _minna_.
Mynge, record, mention, A. 855. A.S. _myngian_, to remind.
Mynne, recollect, remember, A. 583; B. 436, 771. See T. B. 1434. See
_Myneȝ_.
Mynte, devise, purpose, B. 1628. A.S. _myntan_, _myntian_ to dispose,
settle, appoint. “_Myntyn’_ or _amyn’_ towarde for to assayen.
Attempto.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Mynstralsy, B. 121.
Mynyster, minster, temple, A. 1063.
Mynystre, _vb._ B. 644.
Myre, B. 1114.
Myrþeȝ, joys, A. 140.
Myrþeȝ, gladdens, A. 862.
{Myri, Myry,} = merry, pleasant, A. 23, 158; B. 417, 804; _myryer_,
A. 850; _myryest_, A. 435.
Myryly, pleasantly, joyously, B. 493.
{Mys, Mysse,} wrong, sin, A. 262; C. 420.
Myserecorde, mercy, A. 366.
Myse-tente, misunderstood, A. 257.
Mysse, to lose, A. 329; B. 189. O.N. _missa_, to lose. Du. _missen_,
to fail, miss.
Mysse, loss, grief, A. 364.
Mysseleue, unbelief, B. 1230.
Mysse-payed, displeased, C. 399.
Mysse-ȝeme, mis-use, A. 322.
Myst, B. 1760.
Myste, mysteries, secrets, (?), A. 462.
Mysterys, A. 1194.
Myþe, to trouble, weary (?), A. 359. A.S. _méthe_, wearied; _méth_,
feeble.
Myȝt, might, A. 630.
Myȝtes = mights, powers, B. 644, 1699.
Nadde = ne hadde, had not, B. 404.
Nakeryne (_gen. pl._ of _naker_), B. 1413; _naker_, _nacaire_, seems
to signify a kettle-drum.
Nas = ne was, was not, B. 727, 983.
Nature, A. 749.
Nauel, C. 278.
Naule, nail, A. 459.
{Nauþeleȝ, Nawþeles,} nevertheless, A. 877, 950.
{Nauþer, Nawþer,} neither, A. 1087; B. 1226.
Nawhere, nowhere, A. 534.
Nay, refuse, deny, B. 805.
Nayed, refused, B. 65.
Nayt, use, employ, B. 531. See T. B. 1038. A.S. _neotan_. O.N. _nyta_.
Naytly, neatly, dexterously, B. 480. See T. B. 2427. Nestor, a noble
man, _naitest_ in werre. T. B. 1038. N.Prov.E. _nately_, neatly.
Naȝte, night, A. 1203; B. 484, 807, 1002.
Ne, nor, B. 1226.
Nece, niece, A. 233.
Nedde, needed, A. 1044; hem nedde = they needed.
{Nede, Nedeȝ,} of necessity, A. 344.
Nedleȝ, needless, useless, B. 381; C. 220.
Nee = ne, nor, A. 262.
Nel, ne wille, will not, B. 513.
Nem, took (_pret._ of _nimme_), A. 802; B. 505.
Nemme, name, A. 997. See T. B. 152.
Nente, ninth, A. 1012.
Nere, _ne were_, were not, B. 21.
{Nere, Ner,} near, nigh, A. 286, 404; _wel ner_, nearly, B. 1585.
Nerre, nearer, A. 233; C. 85.
Nesch, gently, A. 606. A.S. _hnesc_, soft, tender.
Neue, fist, hand, B. 1537. N.Prov.E. _neve_, _neif_, a fist. O.N.
_hnefi_.
Neuen, name, B. 410, 1376, 1525. O.N. _nafn_, a name; _nefna_, to
name.
{Neȝ, Neȝe,} nigh, near, A. 528; B. 803.
{Neȝ, Neȝe, Neȝen,} approach, B. 32, 143, 805, 1017, 1754.
Nice, _adj._ foolish, B. 1354; _sb._ B. 1359. Fr. _nice_, foolish,
simple.
Nif, ne-if, if not, B. 30.
Niye, trouble, B. 1002.
Noble, A. 1097.
Nobley, nobleness, B. 1091.
No-bot, only, B. 1127. N.Prov.E. _no-bot_.
Nok, nook, C. 278.
Nolde, ne wolde, would not, B. 805, 1091.
{Nom, Nome,} took, A. 587; B. 1613; _pret._ of _nimme_, to take.
Nome, name, A. 872.
Nomen, seized, taken; _p.p._ of _nimme_, B. 1281; C. 360.
Norne, entreat, ask, B. 803. A.S. _gnornian_, to complain, murmur.
Norture, nurture, B. 1091.
Note, city, A. 922; B. 1233.
Note, devise, ordain, B. 1651; C. 220.
Note, device, purpose, A. 155; B. 381, 727. A.S. _nota_, use, duty,
employment; _notian_, to employ, use.
“The Bibel telles us openlye
Of Nembrot and his maistri,
Hou the fole that was wit him
Bigan to mak a tour that tim,
That suld reche to the lifte;
Bot Godd that skilfulli kan skift.
Mad them alle serely spekand,
That nan moht other understand,
And gert them lef thair wilgern werk,
Bot of thair _not_ yet standes merk,
In Babilony the tour ȝet standes,
That that folk mad wit thair handes.” --(Met. Hom. p. 61.)
“Mony noble for þe nonest to þe _note_ gode.” --(T. B. 284.)
Note, A. 879, 883.
Notyng, device, devising, B. 1354. See _Note_.
Noumbre, number, B. 1283, 1376.
Nouþe, now, C. 414.
Nowþelese, nevertheless, A. 889.
Noye, trouble, annoy, B. 1236.
{Noys, Noyse,} B. 849; C. 490.
Noȝt, naught, nothing, A. 520; B. 888; not, B. 106.
Noȝty, bad, B. 1359.
Nummen (_p.p._ _nimme_), taken, B. 1291; C. 76.
Nurne, speak, say, B. 669.
Nuye, displease, B. 578.
Nuyed, troubled, B. 1176.
{Nw, Nwe,} new, A. 527; anew, A. 1079.
Nwy, wrath, B. 301.
Nwyed, displeased, B. 306.
Nye, trouble, B. 1376; _nyes_, troubles, B. 1754; C. 76.
Nyed, troubled, B. 1603.
Nyf = ne if, if not, B. 424.
Nyl, ne wyl, will not, B. 1261; C. 41.
Nylt, ne wylt, wilt not, C. 346.
{Nym, Nymme,} take, B. 481. A.S. _niman_.
Nys, ne ys, is not, A. 951.
Nyse, nice, dainty, B. 824.
Nyteled, laboured, toiled, B. 888. Prov.E. _nattle_, to endeavour, to
be busy about trifles. O.E. _nyte_, to use, employ, enjoy. O.N.
_nyta_.
Nyȝe, nigh, B. 484; _wel nyȝe_, B. 704.
{Nyȝt, Nyȝte,} night, A. 243; B. 526.
Obeche, reverence, B. 745. Prov. Fr. _obezir_.
Obes, obey, A. 886.
Odde, (1) not even, B. 426; (2) spotless, faultless, B. 505. See T. B.
4401, 6157, 6172, 6179, 6189, 6194, 6198.
Oddely, (_a_) alone, B. 923; (_b_) nobly, B. 698.
(_b_)
“I Alexandre the aire and eldest childe hattene,
Of kyng Philip the fers, that fest am in Grece,
And of the quene Olimpades, the _oddest_ under heven,
To all ȝow of Athenes, thus I etill my saȝes.” --(K. Alex. p. 79.)
“For thai the mesure and the mett of alle the mulde couthe,
The sise of alle the grete see and of the gryme wawys,
Of the ordere of that _odde_ home [heaven] that overe the aire
hingis.” --(_Ibid._ p. 2.)
Oke, oak, B. 602.
Olipraunce, vanity, fondness for gay apparel, B. 1349. Prov.E.
_olypraunce_, a merry making.
“Of tournamentys y preue thereynne
Seven poyntes of dedly synne;
Fyrst ys pryde, as þou wel wost
Avauntement, bobaunce and bost;
Of rych atyre ys here avaunce,
Prykyng here hors wyth _olypraunce_.”
--(Robt. of Brunne’s Handlyng Synne, p. 145.)
On, an, A. 9.
One, alone, self, B. 872, 923, 1669.
Onelych, only, B. 1749.
Oneȝ, once, B. 801.
Onhede, unity, concord, B. 612.
On-hit, struck, inflamed with anger (?), C. 411. A.S. _onhætan_ to
inflame, heat.
On-lofte, aloft, on high, B. 692; 947.
On-ryȝt, aright, B. 1513.
On-sydeȝ, aside, C. 219.
On-wyde, about, B. 1423.
On-yȝed, one-eyed, B. 102.
Ordaynt, ordained, B. 237.
Ordenaunce, ordinance, B. 698.
Ordure, filth, B. 1092.
Ore, oar, C. 218.
Orenge, orange, B. 1044.
Organe, B. 1081.
Orisoun, prayer, C. 328.
Ornemente, ornament, B. 1799.
Orppedly, quickly, B. 623. N.Prov.E. _orput_, quick (at learning).
Orped is generally derived from O.N. _verpa_, to throw; _p.p._
_orpinn_. But this etymology is very doubtful. Cf. “_Orpud_, audax,
bellipotens.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Ossed, showed, C. 213. N.Prov.E. _awse_, _oss_, to attempt, offer. W.
_osi_.
“Quat and has thou _ossed_ to Alexander
this _ayndain_ (angry) wirdes.” --(K. Alex., p. 79.)
Oste, host, army, B. 1204.
Oþer, or, A. 141.
Ouer-borde, C. 157.
Ouer-brawden, covered over, B. 1698.
Ouer-seyed, passed over, gone, B. 1686.
Ouer-tan, overtaken, C. 127.
Ouer-þwert, across, B. 316, 1384.
Ouer-tok, B. 1213.
Ouer-torne, past, B. 1192.
Ouer-walte, overflowed, B. 370.
Ouer-ȝede, past, went, B. 1753.
Ouerte, open, clear, A. 593.
Ouerture, opening, A. 218.
Oure, prayer, A. 690.
Out-borst, _vb._ outburst, B. 1251.
Out-comlyng, a stranger, B. 876. N.Prov.E. _out-cumling_, a foreigner,
stranger. The more usual form in early English is _comling_.
Out-dryf, drive out, A. 777.
Out-fleme, banished, A. 1177. See _Fleme_.
Out-kast, B. 1679.
Out-sprent, outburst, A. 1137.
Out-taken, excepted, B. 1573.
Out-tulde, thrown out, C. 231.
Oȝe = owe, ought, A. 552.
{Oȝt, Oȝte,} _vb._ ought, A. 341.
{Oȝt, Oȝte,} _pr._ aught, A. 274; B. 663.
Pace, passage, A. 677.
{Pacience, Pacyence,} C. 1, 36.
Pakke, pack, B. 1282.
Pakke, company, A. 929.
{Palayce, Palays,} B. 83, 1389, 1531.
Pale, A. 1004.
Palle = pall, fine cloth, B. 1384, 1637.
Pane, a side, division of a building, A. 1034. Lat. _pagina_, a leaf,
any flat expanse. “A _pane_, piece or pannel of a wall, of wainscot,
of a glasse window.” (Cotg.) “_Pane_ of a wall, _pan de
mur_.” (Palsg.)
Panne, head, but we may read _paune_, paws, claws, B. 1697.
Papeiay = a popinjay, a parrot, B. 1465. It. _papagallo_. O.Fr.
_papegau_, _papegay_. Sp. _papagayo_, parrot.
Parage, kindred, rank, nobleness, A. 419; B. 167. O.Fr. _parage_.
Paramoreȝ, paramours, lovers, B. 700. Fr. _par amour_, by way of love.
Paraunter, peradventure, A. 588.
Parchmen, parchment, B. 1134.
Pare, cut, B. 1408, 1536.
Parform, perform, B. 542; C. 406.
Parfyt, perfect, A. 638.
Parget, plaister of a wall, B. 1536. “_Pariette_ for walles,
blanchissure.” (Palsg.)
Parlatyk, paralytic, B. 1095.
Partleȝ, partless, portionless, A. 335.
Partrykes, partridges, B. 57.
Pass, surpass, A. 428.
Passage, journey, C. 97.
Passande, passing, B. 1389.
Pasture, C. 393.
Pater, paternoster, A. 485.
Paume, palm, hand, B. 1533, 1542.
{Pay, Paye,} pleasure, A. 1, 1164, 1176; C. 99.
Pay, please, A. 1165, 1177.
Payment, A. 598.
Paynt, A. 750.
Payre, pair, B. 335.
Payre = appayre, become worse, fade, B. 1124. Lat. _pejor_, worse.
“To _appayre_ to waxe worse.” (Palsg.)
Payred, impaired, A. 246.
Pechche, sin, fault, A. 841. Fr. _péché_.
{Penance, Penaunce,} A. 477.
Peneȝ, pens, folds (for cattle), B. 322.
Penitotes, (? _Peritotes_), a kind of stone (the _peritot_ or
_peridot_ Marsh), B. 1472.
Penne, B. 1724.
Penne-fed, B. 57.
Pensyf, pensive, A. 246.
Pented, appertained, belonged to, B. 1270.
Peraunter, peradventure, B. 43.
{Pere, Per,} equal, peer, A. 4; B. 1214, 1336.
Pereȝ, pears, A. 104.
Perile, B. 856, 942.
Perré, precious stones, jewelry, A. 730; B. 1117.
Pertly = apertly, openly, B. 244. See T. B. 1130. Cf. “_pert_ wordes,”
T. B. 977.
Peryle, A. 695; C. 85.
Pes, peace, A. 952.
Pich, pitch, B. 1008.
Pike = pick, pluck, B. 1464.
Pinnacle, B. 1463.
Pité, pity, B. 232.
{Pitously, Pytosly,} A. 370, 798.
Planed, B. 310.
Planete, A. 1075.
Plaster, B. 1549.
Plat, flat, B. 1379.
Plat, struck (_pret._ of _plette_, to strike), B. 1265. A.S.
_plættian_.
“Hwan he hauede him so schamed,
His hand (he) of _plat_, and yvele lamed.”
--(Havelok the Dane, 2755.)
Plater, plate, platter, B. 638.
Plateȝ, A. 1036.
Plat-ful, brimful, B. 83.
Plattyng, _sb._ striking (or folding?), B. 1542.
Play, A. 261.
Play-fere, play-fellow, companion, C. 45.
Playn, _adj._ even, clear, A. 178, 689; B. 1068; C. 439.
Playn, _sb._ A. 104, 122; B. 1216.
Playned, lamented, A. 53, 242.
Playneȝ, complains, C. 376.
Playnt, complaint, A. 815.
Plek, place, plot of ground, B. 1379. “_Pleckke_ or plott,
porculetum.” (Prompt. Parv.) N.Prov.E. _pleck_. A.S. _plæc_.
“Se that the hare hathe be at pasture in grene corne, or in eny
other _plek_.” --(Quoted by Way from MS. Harl. 5086, fol. 47.)
Pleny, to complain, A. 549.
Plete, demand, plead for, A. 563.
Pleyn, mourn, C. 371.
Plontte, plant, A. 104.
Plow, plough, B. 68.
Plyande, pliant, C. 439.
Plye, A. 1039; B. 196, 1385.
Plyt, danger, fault, A. 647; B. 1494; C. 114. A.S. _pliht_.
Plyȝt, condition, A. 1075; B. 111.
Pobbel, pebble, A. 117.
Pole, pool, stream, A. 117.
Polle, poll, head, B. 1265. Du. _polle_, _pol_, head, top, crown.
Polmente, a kind of pottage, B. 628. O.Fr. _polment_. Lat.
_pulmentum_. “_Pulmentarium_ a _pulment_.” Nominale, MS.
“His brother (Jacob) he fand give--and his tent
To grayth a riche _pulment_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 21a.)
{Polyce, Polyse,} polish, B. 1068, 1131, 1134.
Polyle, poultry, B. 57. Fr. _poule_, a hen; _poulet_, a chicken. Lat.
_pullus_. “_Polayle_, bryddys or fowlys, Altilis.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Pomgarnade, pomegranate, B. 1466. Cf. Lat. _malum granatum_. It.
_granata_. Sp. _granada_.
Poplande, rushing, foaming, C. 319. N.Prov.E. _popple_, to tumble
about with a quick motion. O.Sc. _pople_, to flow, rush.
“The wawis of the wild see apone the wallis betes,
The pure _populand_ hurle passis it umby.” --(K. Alex. p. 40.)
“And on the stanys owt thar harnys [he] dang,
Quhil brayn and eyn and blude al _poplit_ owt.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 167.)
Porchase, purchase, A. 439.
Porche, B. 785.
Pore, poor, A. 873.
Porfyl, hem, A. 216. Fr. _pourfiler_, to work upon the edge,
embroider; _fil_, a thread. O.E. _purfle_, to overlay with gems or
gold. “_Purfyll_ or hemme of a gowne, bort.” (Palsg.)
Porpre, purple, B. 1568.
Porros, B. 1772.
Port, gate, B. 856; harbour, C. 90.
Portale, A. 1036.
Portray, B. 700.
{Poruay, Poruaye,} to provide, B. 1502; C. 36.
Possyble, A. 452.
Potage, B. 638.
Poursent, course, A. 1035.
Pourtray, B. 1271. Fr. _pourtraire_.
Pouer, power, B. 1654.
{Pouer, Pouere,} poor, B. 615, 1074.
Poueren (_pl._ of _pouer_), poor, B. 127.
Pouert, poverty, C. 43.
Pouerté, C. 13.
Powdered, A. 44.
Powleȝ, pools, C. 310.
Poyned, trimmed, ornamented, A. 217.
Poynt, _sb._ particle, A. 891.
Poysened, B. 1095.
Poyntel, a style, B. 1533.
Pray, _sb._ prey, B. 1297; _vb._ to plunder, B. 1624.
Prayse, A. 301.
Prece, press, B. 880.
Prechande, preaching, B. 942.
{Precios, Precious,} A. 4, 216; B. 1282.
Prelate, B. 1249; C. 389.
Pres, press, A. 730; to press, A. 957.
Prese, praise, honour; “his _prese_, his _prys_,” A. 419. Sp. _prez_,
honour, glory. Fr. _prix_, value, worth, price.
“Fra þan forth heild Sir Moyses
Þis wandes bath in _pris_ and _pres_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 36a.)
{Prese, Pres,} _sb._ press, A. 1114; _vb._ B. 1249.
{Presens, Presente,} presence, A. 389; B. 8, 1496.
Present, _vb._ B. 1217.
Presonere, prisoner, B. 1217.
Prest, ready, B. 147; C. 303. Ital. _presto_.
Prestly, quickly, B. 628.
Presyous, B. 1496.
Pretermynable, A. 596.
Preue, prove, A. 983; B. 704, 1748.
Prisoner, B. 1297.
Profecie, B. 1158, 1308.
Profere, A. 235, 1200.
Profert, B. 1463.
Professye, A. 821.
Profete, prophet, A. 797.
Proper, A. 686.
Propertéȝ, properties, A. 752.
Property, A. 446.
Prophete, A. 831; B. 1300.
Prosessyoun, procession, A. 1096.
Prouince, B. 1300.
Pruddest, proudest, B. 1300.
Prudly, proudly, B. 1379, 1466. See T. B. 857.
Pryce, chief, B. 1308.
Prymate, B. 1570.
Pryncipale, B. 1531, 1781.
Pryncipalté, dominion, B. 1672, 1738.
{Priys, Prys,} value, worth, A. 272, 419, 755; B. 1117. See _Prese_.
Prysoun, C. 79.
Pryuely, B. 238.
Pryuy, A. 12; _pryuyest_, B. 1748.
Pulde, pulled, B. 1265.
Pulle, draw, B. 68.
Pure, _adj._ A. 227; B. 704; _vb._ B. 1116.
{Purely, Purly,} A. 1004; B. 1660.
Purpre, purple, A. 1016.
Pursaunt, a sergeant, B. 1385. O.Fr. _pursuivant_.
Pursue, B. 1177.
Purtraye, B. 1465, 1536.
Puryté, B. 1074.
Pyche, pitch, fix, B. 477.
Pye, B. 1465.
Pyked, adorned, A. 1036.
Pykeȝ, pick, choose, A. 573.
Pyle, building, A. 686.
Pyle, to rob, B. 1270, 1282. Fr. _piller_, to rob.
Pylere, pillar, B. 1271.
Pyne, _vb._ to torment, B. 1095; _sb._ pain, A. 330. Du. _pijnen_, to
torture.
Pyne = pynd, fasten, C. 79. A.S. _pyndan_, to shut in.
Pynkardine, ? _perre carnadine_, carnelian stone (Marsh), B. 1472.
Pyony, A. 44.
Pytosly, pitifully, A. 370.
Pyty, A. 1206.
Pyȝt, fixed, placed (_pret._ of _pyche_), A. 117, 228, 742; B. 785.
Quat, what, A. 293.
Quat-kyn, what kind of, A. 771.
Quauende, flowing, waving, B. 324.
Quayle, _sb._ quail, A. 1085.
Quayntyse, wisdom, craft, B. 1632. O.Fr. _accointer_, to make known;
_coint_, informed, acquainted with. Lat. _cognitus_.
Qued, _sb._ evil, crime, ill, B. 567; C. 4. Du. _kwaad_, bad. Pl. D.
_quat_.
Quelle, kill, A. 799; B. 324; subdue, C. 4. A.S. _cwellan_.
Queme, _adj._ pleasing, A. 1179. A.S. _cweman_, to please. Your
_qweme_ spouse, T. B. 634.
Quen, when, A. 40, 93, 232, 804.
Quenche, C. 4.
Quere, where, A. 65.
Query, A. 803.
Quest, C. 39.
Queþer-so-euer, whether-so-ever, A. 606.
Quikken, C. 471.
Quo, who, A. 747.
Quo-so, who-so, B. 1647; C. 5.
Quos, whose, B. 1648.
Quoynt, wise, A. 889; B. 160, 871; curious, B. 1459. See _Quayntyse_.
Quoyntis, clothing, B. 54. “_Quoyntyse_, yn gay floryschynge, or other
lyke. Virilia.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Quoyntyse, device, C. 39. See _Quayntyse_.
{Quyk, Quik,} quick, living (_pl._ _quykeȝ_, A. 1179; B. 567), B. 324.
Quyl, while, B. 627.
Quyte, requite, reward, A. 595; B. 1632.
Quyte, white, A. 220, 842, 844.
Raas = rase, rese, way, course, A. 1167. A.S. _ræs_, way, course,
race. Sw. _resa_.
Rac, storm, vapour, B. 433. N.Prov.E. _rack_, driving clouds, clouds
driven along by the wind.
“A _rak_ and a royde wynde rose in her saile.” --(T. B. 1984)
Rachche, proceed, go, B. 619. A.S. _ræcan_, to reach, extend. O.H.G.
_rechen_. N.Prov.E. _ratch_, stretch. Perhaps _rachche_ is a
softened form of _rayke_ (Icel. _reika_, to go), to go. S.Sax.
_ruchen_.
Rad, frightened, B. 1543. Sw. _raedd_, afraid. N.Prov.E. _rade_.
“In a _rad_ haste.” --(T. B. 917.)
“Vn-to the gryselyche gost Syr Gauane is gone,
And rayket to hit in a res, for he was neuyr _radde_;
_Rad_ was he neuyr ȝette, quoso ryȝte redus.”
--(The Anturs of Arther, p. 5; ix. 8, 9.)
Radde, advised, C. 406 (_pret._ of _rede_, to advise). See _Rede_.
Radly, readily, quickly. A.S. _rád_, ready, quick; _rádlice_,
speedily.
“The sight of þat semely sanke in hir herte,
And rauysshed hir _radly_ þe rest of hir sawle.” --(T. B. 462)
Raft, bereft, took, (_pret._ of _reve_), B. 1142, 1431; taken,
B. 1739. See _Reue_.
Rak, C. 176. See _Rac_.
Rakel, hasty, rash, C. 526. N.Prov.E. _rackle_.
Rakente, chain (?), C. 188. A.S. _raccenta_.
Rakke, C. 139. See _Rac_.
Ramelande, fetid, filthy, C. 279. Prov.E. _ram_, fetid; _rammely_,
tall, rank; _ramel_, rubbish, dirt.
Randeȝ, paths, borders, A. 105. A.S. _rand_, _rond_, a border, rim,
edge.
Rank, strong, severe, B. 233. Fris. _rank_, long-grown, rank. Dan.
_rank_, upright. See T. B. 1392, 1879.
Ranker, rancour, B. 756.
Rape, blow, B. 233. Sw. _rapp_.
Rapely, quickly, A. 363, 1168. O.E. _rape_, haste. O.N. _rápa_,
cursitare. In T. B. rape = to hasten (818).
Rasch, A. 1167.
Rasp, B. 1545, 1724.
Rasse, summit, top, B. 446. N.Prov.E. _raise_, a mound, cairn. O.N.
_reysa_.
Ratted, rent, ragged, B. 144; from O.E. _ratte_, to tear, rend.
N.Prov.E. _rats_, pieces, fragments. Fris. _rite_, tear, pull.
“Thane the Romayns relevyde that are ware rebuykkyde,
And alle _to-rattys_ oure mene with theire risté horsses.”
--(Morte Arthure, E. E. T. S. 2235.)
{Rauþe, Rawþe,} = ruth, pity, sorrow, A. 858; B. 233, 972; mercy,
C. 21.
Raue, A. 363, 665.
Rauen, B. 455.
Rauyste, ravished, A. 1088.
Rawe, row, “vpon a _rawe_,” in a row, in order, A. 545.
Raweȝ, rows, borders, A. 105.
Raw-sylk, B. 790.
Raxled, roused up, A. 1174. A.S. _ræscian_, to shake, rustle. O.N.
_ruska_. Sc. _rax_, to stretch.
Ray, A. 160.
Raykande, going, flowing, A. 112; B. 382.
Rayke, go, B. 465, 671; C. 89. O.N. _reka_. N.Prov.E. _rake_, to go
about.
Raynande, raining, B. 382.
Rayn-ryfte, rain-fissure, B. 368.
Raysoun, reason, cause, A. 268; C. 191.
{Raȝt, Raȝte,} afforded, extended (_pret._ of _rache_), B. 561, 766,
1691. See _Rachche_.
Reame, realm, B. 1316.
Rebaude, ribald, B. 873. Fr. _ribald_, from O.H.G. _hrúpa_,
a prostitute. (Burguy.)
Rebel, B. 455.
Rebounde, B. 422.
Rebuke, A. 367.
Recen, tell, A. 827. A.S. _recan_.
Reche, reach, extend, B. 10, 1369.
{Rech, Reche,} reck, care, A. 333; B. 465. A.S. _récan_.
Reche = reke, smoke, B. 1009. A.S. _reác_.
Recorde, _sb._ A. 831; _vb._ B. 25.
Recoverer, recovery, B. 394.
Rede, _vb._ to counsel, advise, B. 1346; explain, B. 1578. A.S.
_rædan_.
{Redles, Redeles,} without counsel, uncertain, fearful, B. 1197;
C. 502.
Refete, feed, refresh, A. 88; C. 20.
Reflayr, smell, A. 46; odour, B. 1079. Fr. _flairer_, to smell. Prov.
Fr. _flairar_, to smell, sniff.
Refrayne, B. 756.
Reget, A. 1064.
Regretted, A. 243.
Regioun, A. 1178; B. 760, 964.
Rehayte, cheer, B. 127. O.Fr. _rehaiter._
Reiatéȝ, kingdoms, royalties, A. 769. O.Fr. _reiauté_ = _reialté_,
royalty.
Reken, beautiful, A. 5, 906; joyous, A. 92; merry, B. 1082; pious,
B. 10, 738; wise, B. 756. See Wright’s Lyrical Poems, p. 27. A.S.
_recan_. O.S. _recon_, to order, direct. Pl. D. _reken_, right,
straight, orderly.
Rekenly, nobly, princely, B. 127, 1318.
Rekken up, B. 2.
Relande, reeling, C. 270.
Rele, reel, roll, C. 147.
{Reles, Relece,} cessation, A. 956; B. 760.
Releue, C. 323.
Relusaunt, shining, A. 159. O.Fr. _reluire_, to shine.
Relygioun, B. 7, 1156.
Relyke, B. 1156, 1269.
Reme, realm, A. 448, 735.
Reme, lament, cry, A. 858, 1181; C. 502. A.S. _hreman_.
Remembre, C. 326.
Remnaunt, remainder, A. 1160; B. 433.
Remorde, grieved, A. 364.
{Remue, Remwe,} remove, A. 427, 899; B. 646, 1673.
Renay, reject, forsake, B. 105; C. 344.
{Renge, Rengne,} reign, B. 328, 1321.
Rengneȝ, courses, B. 527. A.S. _ryne_, course.
Renischche, foreign, strange, B. 96. See _Runische_.
{Renk, Renke,} a man, originally a warrior, B. 7, 96, 766, 969. A.S.
_rinc_. O.N. _reckr_.
Renne, run, B. 527, 1392.
Renoun, A. 986, 1182.
Renowleȝ, renews, A. 1080.
Renyschly, fiercely, B. 1724. See _Runische_.
Reparde, kept back, A. 611.
Repayre, _vb._ A. 1028.
Repente, A. 662.
Repreue, reprove, A. 544.
Requeste, A. 281.
Rere, rise, B. 366, 423; C. 188; raise, B. 873; proceed, A. 160.
Rert, if not _rered_, raised = _ert_, powerful, A. 591. Cf. _ertid_.
T. B. 2641, 4841.
Res, onset, assault, B. 1782. See _Raas_.
Reset, resting place, seat, abode, A. 1067.
{Resonabele, Resounable,} A. 523; B. 724.
Resoun, A. 665, 716; B. 1633.
Respecte, “in respecte of,” A. 84.
Respyt, A. 644.
Resse, “on resse,” in course, A. 874. See _Raas_.
Restay, keep back, restrain, A. 716, 1168.
Restleȝ = restless, unceasing, B. 527.
Restore, A. 659; B. 1705.
Retrete, treat of, A. 92.
Reue, bereave, C. 487. A.S. _refian_, _reafian_. O.Fris. _râva_.
Reuel, B. 1369.
Reuer, river, A. 105.
{Reuerence, Reverens,} B. 10, 1318.
Rewarde, A. 604.
Rewfully, sorrowfully, A. 1181.
Rewled, ruled, ordered, B. 294.
Reynyeȝ, reins, B. 592.
Reȝtful, rightful, B. 724.
Rial, royal, B. 1082.
Rialté, royalty, B. 1321.
Ridlande, dropping (as out of a sieve), oozing, B. 953. A.S.
_hriddel_, a sieve; _hridrian_, to sift.
Riboudrye, ribaldry, B. 184.
Rigge, back, C. 379. A.S. _hrycg_.
Rifteȝ, pieces, fragments, B. 964.
Ring = rink, man, B. 592. See _Renk_.
Robbor, B. 1269.
Roborrye, B. 184.
Roche, rock, B. 537.
Rode, cross, A. 705; C. 96.
Rok, crowd, throng, B. 1514. Sc. _rok_. O.Sw. _rok_, cumulus.
Rollande, curly, waving, B. 790.
Rome = roam, go, C. 52.
Romy, roar, howl, B. 1543. A.S. _reomian_, to cry out. O.E. _rome_.
Sc. _rame_. Sw. _raama_.
Ronk = rank, fine, A. 844; bold, A. 1167; C. 490; bad, B. 455, 760;
full grown, B. 869; _sb._ boldness, C. 298.
Ronkly, fiercely, C. 431.
Rop, rope, C. 150.
Rop, gut, intestine, C. 270. N.Prov.E. _ropps_, the guts. A.S.
_roppas_, the bowels, entrails, the _raps_. Cf. A.S. _rop_-weorc,
the colic.
“Huervore he (the liar) is ase the gamelos (chameleon), thet
leveth by the eyr, and naȝt ne heth ine his _roppes_ bote wynd,
and heth ech manere colour, thet ne heth non (of) his oȝen.”
--(The Ayenbite of Inwyt, E. E. T. S. p. 62.)
Rore, roar, cry, B. 390, 1543.
Rose, praise, B. 1371. Sc. _ruse_. Sw. _rosa_. Dan. _rose_, to praise.
{Rot, Rote,} root, A. 26.
Rote, _sb._ rot, decay, B. 1079.
Rote, lyre of seven strings, B. 1082. O.H.G. _hrotta_. M.H.G. _rotte_.
W. _crwth_. Eng. _crowd_.
Roþeled, prepared, B. 59; rushed, hastened, B. 890. A.S. _hrathian_,
to be quick. Or from Welsh _rhuthr_, a sudden gust, onset, assault.
Lanc. _rhute_, passion. Sc. _ruther_, uproar.
Roþer, rudder, B. 419.
Roþun, rush, B. 1009. See _Roþeled_.
Roum, room, B. 96.
Roun = rune, discourse, C. 514. A.S. _rún_, a letter, character,
mystery, council, conversation.
Rourde, sound, A. 112. A.S. _reord_, _reard_, speech, language.
Route, snore, C. 186. Fr. _router_. O.N. _rauta_, to roar, bellow.
“Dormiendo sonare, Anglice to _rowtyn_.”
--(MS. Bibl. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 88.)
Rownande, murmuring, A. 112.
Rowned, sounded, C. 64. A.S. _rúnian_, to whisper.
Rowtande, rushing, B. 354. “A _routond_ rayn,” T. B. 1986.
Rowte, company, band, host, B. 969, 1197, 1782.
Rowwe, row, C. 216.
Royl, royal, B. 790.
{Roȝ, Roȝe,} rough, B. 382, 1724; C. 139, 147; roughness, B. 1545;
C. 144.
Roȝly, roughly, B. 433. Is it an error for _rwly_, sorrowful?
Roȝt, cared for (_pret._ of _reche_), C. 460.
Ruchen, fettle, set in order, C. 101. M.H.G. _rechen_. O.S. _recon_.
A.S. _recan_, to order, direct.
“(He) _riches_ him radly to ride and remowis his ost.”
--(K. Alex. p. 172.)
“[The king] Ricchis his reynys.” --(T. B. 1231.)
Ruddon, light, literally redness, B. 893. O.N. _rodna_, rubescere,
erubescere; _rodi_, rubor, rubigo. Prov.E. _roaded_, _rody_,
streaked.
Rudnyng, ? lightning, C. 139. See _Ruddon_.
Rueled, rushed, B. 953. O.N. _hrolla_. Dan. _rulle_.
Ruful, sorrowful, pitiful, A. 916.
Runnen (_p.p._ of _rinne_), run, A. 26, 874.
Runisch, strange, B. 1545. A.S. _rénisc_, hidden; from _rún_,
a mystery.
Runyschly, fiercely, roughly, C. 191. _Renisch_ or _runisch_,
signifies not only strange but fierce, rough. N.Prov.E. _rennish_,
_rinnish_, furious.
“Than has sire Dary dedeyne and derfely he lokes;
Rysys him up _renysche_ and reȝt in his sete.”
--(K. Alex. p. 100.)
Rurd, cry, noise, B. 390; C. 64. A.S. _reord_.
Ruþe, arouse, B. 895, 1208. See _Roþeled_.
Ruyt, hasten, endeavour, C. 216. Fris. _rite_, to pull.
Rwe, to pity, C. 176, 502; _vb. impers._ _rwe_, repent, B. 290, 561.
A.S. _hreówan_, to rue, repent, grieve; _hreówian_, to be sorry for.
Rwly = ruly, sorrowfully, piteously, B. 390; C. 96.
Ryal, royal, A. 160; B. 786.
Ryally, royally, A. 987; B. 812.
Rybaude, ribald, C. 96.
Rybe, ruby, A. 1007.
Ryche, kingdom, A. 601, 722. A.S. _ríce_.
Ryche, rich, A. 770.
Rydelande, drifting, C. 254. See _Ridlande_.
Rydelles, without counsel, uncertain, B. 969. See _Redeles_.
Ryf = rife, abundant, plentiful, A. 770, 844. A.S. _ryf_, frequent.
O.N. _rifr_.
“Forþi he hight (promised) þam giftes _riif_,
Þat suld bring David of his liif;
In feild and tun, in frith and felle,
Saul soght David for to quelle.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43a.)
{Ryg, Ryge,} rain, torrent, shower, B. 354, 382. O.N. _hregg_. A.S.
_racu_. N.Prov.E. _rag_.
Ryngande, ringing, B. 1082.
Rynk, man, C. 216. See _Renk_.
Rypande, searching, trying, B. 592. O.E. _rype_, to probe, plunder.
A.S. _rypan_; N.Prov.E. to investigate.
“Now if ye have suspowse to Gille or to me,
Com and _rype_ oure howse, and then may ye se who had hir.”
--(Town. Myst. p. 112.)
See State Papers, i. 295.
Rysed, rose, B. 1778.
Ryth, a hound, mastiff, B. 1543. A.S. _riththa_, a mastiff.
Ryȝt, right, A. 622.
Ryȝtwys, righteous, right, A. 675; C. 490.
Ryȝtwysly, aright, A. 709.
{Sacrafyce, Sacrefyce,} B. 510, 1447; C. 239.
{Sad, Sade, Sadde,} sad, staid, solemn, A. 211, 887; B. 595; long,
B. 1286; bitter, B. 525.
Sadele, saddle, B. 1213.
Sadly, soundly, heavily, C. 442.
Saf, safe, secure, A. 672.
Saf, save, except, B. 1749.
{Saffer, Safyre,} sapphire, A. 1002; B. 1469.
Sage, B. 1576.
Saghe = saw, word, A. 226. See _Saw_.
Sake, fault, A. 800; C. 84. A.S. _sacu_.
Sakerfyse, sacrifice, A. 1064; B. 507.
Sakleȝ = sakeless, innocent, faultless, B. 716. Sc. _sackless_. O.N.
_saklaus_, innocent. See _Sake_.
Sakred, hallowed, B. 1139.
Sale, hall, palace, B. 120, 1260, 1722. A.S. _sal_. T. B. 1657.
Samen, _adv._ together, at once, A. 518; B. 400, 468; _adj._ B. 985.
O.N. _saman_.
Samen, to consort with, B. 870. A.S. _samnian_, to assemble, collect.
Samne, assemble, B. 53.
Samned, assembled, B. 126, 361.
Samnes (_imp._ of _samne_), C. 385.
Sample, example, A. 499; B. 1326.
Sapyence, wisdom, B. 1626.
Sardiner, sardine stone, B. 1469.
Sardonyse, sardonyx, A. 1006.
Sarre (_comp._ of _sare_), sorer, more painful, B. 1195; _superl._
_sarrest_, B. 1078.
Sattle, settle, C. 409. N.Prov.E. _sattle_.
{Sau, Saue,} = saw, word, B. 1545.
Sauce, B. 823.
Saudan, sultan, B. 1323.
{Saule, Sawle,} soul, A. 461; B. 290; C. 325.
Saundyuer, sandever, glass-gall, B. 1036.
Sauter, psalter, A. 677.
Sauteray, psaltery, B. 1516.
Saue, A. 666.
Sauer, _vb._ savour, B. 825.
Sauerly, savourly, sweet, A. 226.
{Sauor, Savour,} B. 510, 995, 1447; C. 275.
Sauyté, safety, B. 489.
{Saw, Sawe,} word, A. 278; B. 109. A.S. _sagu_.
Sayde = sadde, stedfast, B. 470.
Saym, fat, grease, C. 275. Prov.E. _saim_, seam, lard. W. _saim_.
Sayned, blessed, B. 746. A.S. _senian_. Ger. _segnen_, to bless.
“Swa sal I _saine_ þe in lif mine,
Sic benedicam te in vita mea,
And sal lift mi handes in name thine,
Et in nomine tuo levabo manus meas.” --(Psalm lxii. 5.)
Saynt, A. 835.
{Saȝ, Saȝe,} word, B. 1599, 1737. See _Saw_.
Saȝ, saw, A. 1021.
{Saȝt, Saȝte,} reconciliation, A. 1201; _adj._ at peace, A. 52. A.S.
_saht_, peace; _saht_, reconciled; _sahtlian_, to reconcile.
Saȝtled, appeased, reconciled, B. 230, 1139.
Saȝtled, settled, restored, B. 445; became calm, C. 232.
Saȝtlyng, reconciliation, peace, B. 490, 1795.
Saȝttel, to be calm, patient, C. 529.
Scale, A. 1005.
Scape, escape, B. 62, 529, 928; C. 155.
Scarre = scare, _vb._ be frightened, B. 598, 838; scatter, B. 1784.
N.Prov.E. _skair_, wild, timid. S.Sax. _skerren_, to terrify.
Scaþe, harm, ruin, wrong, sin, B. 21, 196, 569, 600, 1148.
Scaþe, to break, destroy, B. 1776. A.S. _scethan_, to injure, hurt,
harm. _Sceththe_, injury, loss, guilt.
Scaþel, dangerous, C. 155. Goth. _skathuls_. O.H.G. _scadhal_,
hurtful.
“Lokez the contree be clere the corners are large:
Discoveres now sekerly skrogges and other,
That no _skathelle_ (hurtful thing) in the skroggez skorne us
here-aftyre;
Loke ȝe skyfte it so that no _skathe_ lympe.”
--(Morte Arthure, pp. 137-8.)
Ascalphus, a _skathel_ duke, T. B. 4067.
Scelt, spread, served (?), B. 827.
Schad, descended, B. 1690.
Schadowed, shaded, A. 42.
Schaftes, beams, rays, A. 982; C. 455. A.S. _sceaft_, dart, arrow.
“(He) had on a mitre
Was forged all of fyne gold, and fret fulle of perrils,
Stiȝt staffulle of stanes that straȝt out bemes
As it ware schemerand _schaftis_ of the schire sonne.”
--(K. Alex. p. 53.)
{Schalk, Schalkke,} man, fellow, B. 762, 1029; C. 476. A.S. _scealc_,
a warrior, serving man. Goth. _skalks_. O.S. _scalc_. O.N. _skálkr_.
Schape, devise, form, C. 247; endeavour, B. 762; happen, C. 160. A.S.
_scapan_, to appoint, shape, create. O.N. _skapa_.
Schauen, shaven, scraped, B. 1134.
Schawe, show, B. 1599.
{Schawe, Schaȝe,} grove, thicket, wood, A. 284; C. 452. Prov.E.
_scow_, _shaw_. O.N. _skógr_, Dan. _skov_, a wood.
Schede, depart, A. 411.
Scheldeȝ, shields (of a boar), B. 58.
Schende, ruin, destroy, B. 519. A.S. _scendan_, to confound, shame,
destroy.
Schended, accursed, C. 246.
Schene = sheen, _sb._ bright, beautiful, A. 166, 965; brightness,
C. 440; _adj._ A. 203, 1145; B. 1076, 1310. A.S. _sceone_,
beautiful; _scine_, splendour.
{Schent, Schente,} destroyed, A. 668; B. 1029; ruined, B. 47, 580.
Schep, sheep, A. 801.
Schepon, stall, stable, B. 1076. A.S. _scypen_.
Schere, divide, separate, A. 107; purify, A. 165. A.S. _scéran_, to
divide.
Schet, shut, C. 452.
Schin, shall, B. 1435. See “Liber Cure Cocorum,” p. 29, l. 29.
“For in a slac thou shalle be slayn,
Seche ferlès _schyn_ falle!”
--(The Anturs of Arther, p. 12, xxiii. 13.)
Schome, shame, B. 1115.
Schomely, shamefully, C. 128.
Schonied, shunned, B. 1101.
Schor, shower, B. 227.
Schore, shore, A. 230.
Schorne (gold), purified, refined, A. 213. See _Schere_.
Schortly, quickly, hastily, B. 519, 600.
Schowte, shout, A. 877.
Schowue, shove, B. 44, 1029, 1740.
Schrewe, a wicked person, a wretch, B. 186; C. 77.
Schrewedschyp, wickedness, B. 580.
Schrowde, clothing, B. 47, 170. A.S. _scrúd_, garment, shroud.
Schrylle = shrill, clear, A. 80.
Schulder, shoulder, B. 981, 1690.
Schunt = aside, aslant, B. 605. O.E. _shunt_, to slip aside, withdraw.
A.S. _scunian_, to shun. Du. _schuins_, slope, slant.
“He schodirde and schrenkys and _shontes_ bott lyttille.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 354.)
“ȝa werpes tham up (the ȝates) quoth
the wee, and wide open settes,
If at ȝe schap ȝow to _schount_ unschent
of oure handes.” --(K. Alex. p. 73.)
Schylde, to shield, A. 965; C. 440.
Schyldere, shoulder, A. 214.
Schym, bright, A. 1077. A.S. _scima_, a brightness. M.H.G. _schîm_.
A.S. _sciman_, to glitter, shine. See T. B. 4974.
Schymeryng, _sb._ brightness, A. 80. A.S. _scimrian_, to shine. Du.
_schémeren_, to dazzle. Sw. _skimra_, to glitter.
Schyn, shall, B. 1810. See _Schin_.
Schynde, shone, A. 80.
{Schyr, Schyre,} brightly, A. 28; bright, beautiful, A. 42, 284;
B. 553, 605, 1278; bare, B. 1690. Comp. _schyrrer_, A. 982. A.S.
_scír_, _sheer_, pure, clear, bright. See T. B. 1269.
Sclade = slade, valley, green plain, A. 1148. A.S. _slæd_.
Sclaȝt, slaughter, B. 56.
Scoghe, scoff, or perhaps perverseness, backsliding, A. 610. A.S.
_sceoh_, askew, perverse.
Scole, cup, B. 1145. O.N. _skál_. Dan. _skaal_.
Scolere, scholar, B. 1554.
Scomfyt, to discomfit, B. 1784.
Scope, scoop, C. 155.
{Scorn, Scorne,} _vb._ B. 709; _sb._ B. 827.
Scoumfit, discomfited, B. 151.
Scowte-wach, sentinel, guard, B. 838.
“Thane the price mene prekes and proves theire horsez,
Satilles to the cete appone sere halfes;
Enserches the subbarbes sadly thare-aftyre,
And skyrmys a lyttille;
Skayres thaire skottefers
And theire _skowtte-waches_.” --(Morte Arthure, p. 206.)
Scoymous, particular, scrupulous, fearful, B. 21, 1148.
Scrof, rough, B. 1546.
Scrypture, writing, B. 1546.
Scue. See _Skewe_.
Scylle, wit, B. 151. It signifies also reason, cause. O.N. _skil_.
Scylful, wise, B. 1148.
{Sech, Seche,} seek, A. 354; B. 29, 420.
Seele, joy, happiness, C. 242. A.S. _sél_, good, excellent. Cf.
_unsell_, T. B. 1961.
Sege, seat, C. 93. Fr. _siége_.
Sege, siege, B. 1185.
{Segg, Segge,} a man, servant, B. 93, 398, 549, 681. A.S. _secg_,
a man, literally a messenger, speaker; from _secgan_, to say.
Segge, say, B. 621.
Segh, saw, A. 790.
Sekke, sack, C. 382.
Selconth, a marvel, B. 1274. A.S. _sel-cúth_ = _seld-cúth_, rare,
seldom known.
Selden, seldom, A. 380. A.S. _seldan_.
Sele, happiness, bliss, C. 5. See _Seele_.
Selepe = slep, slept, C. 186.
Self, very, A. 1046; same, B. 1769.
Selly, a marvel, C. 140; wonderfully, C. 353. A.S. _séllíc_, _síllíc_,
worthy, wonderful; _séllíce_, wonderfully.
“For thou has samned, as men sais, a _selly_ noimbre
Of wrichis and wirlinges out of the west endis,
Of laddis and of losengers and of litille thevys.”
--(K. Alex. p. 59.)
See T. B. 1544.
Sely, fortunate, blessed, happy, A. 659; B. 490. See _Seele_.
Sem, seam, B. 555.
Semblaunt, appearance, cheer, A. 211, 1143; B. 131, 640.
Semblé, assembly, B. 126.
Sembled, assembled, C. 177.
Seme, seemly, A. 190; B. 549, 1810. O.Sw. _sæma_. Dan. _sömme_, to be
fitting, bear one’s self becomingly. O.N. _sæmr_, seemly.
Seme, to be fitting, become, B. 793.
Semed, A. 760.
{Semely, Semly, Semlych,} seemly, beautiful, A. 34, 789; B. 209, 1442.
Comp. _sem-loker_, B. 868.
Sengeley, ever, constantly, A. 8. A.S. _singallíce_, perpetually.
{Ser, Sere,} diverse, various, separate, B. 358; _ser kynde_, B. 507;
_sere course_, B. 1418; _ser wyse_, C. 12.
Serelych, severally, separately, C. 193.
Sergaunt, a royal servant, a squire, B. 109.
Serges, wax tapers, B. 1489. Lat. _cerea_.
Seriaunte, sergeant, C. 385. See _Sergaunt_.
Serkyndeȝ, diverse kinds, B. 336.
Serlypeȝ, diverse, different, separate, A. 994.
Sermoun, discourse, speech, A. 1185.
Sertain, certainly, A. 685.
Seruage, bondage, B. 1257.
Seruaunt, A. 699; B. 631.
Serue, avail, A. 331.
Serue, deserve, A. 553; B. 1115.
Seruyse, B. 1152, 1401.
Sese, cease, B. 523; _seseȝ_, let cease, C. 391.
Sesoune, season, B. 523.
{Sessed, Sesed,} took possession of, A. 417; B. 1313.
{Sete, Seete,} sat, A. 161; B. 1171. _pl._ _seten_, B. 1763.
Sete, seat, C. 24.
Seþe = seethe, boil, B. 631.
{Seue, Seve,} = sewe, sew, a kind of pottage, B. 108, 825.
Sewer, the officer who set and removed the dishes, tasted them, etc.,
B. 639.
Sewrté, surety, C. 58.
Sexte, sixth, A. 1007.
Seyed, passed, B. 353.
“_Seyet_ furth with sory chere.” --(T. B. 2512.)
Seysoun, season, A. 39.
Seȝ, saw, A. 158, 531, 698; B. 209.
Side-borde, B. 1398.
Siue, sieve, B. 226.
Skarmoch, fight, skirmish, B. 1186.
Skaþe, harm, danger, sin, B. 151, 598, 1186. See _Scaþe_.
Skele, dish, B. 1405.
Skelt, scattered, spread, B. 1186, 1206. O.E. _skale_, to scatter.
N.Prov.E. _scale_, to spread. See Hall, Richard III. f. 15. A.S.
_scylan_, to separate, divide; _pret._ _scel_.
“Skairen out skoute wacche for _skeltyng_ of harme.”
--(T. B. 1089, 6042.)
Skelt, hasten, run, B. 1554. Sw. _skala_, to scamper, scour.
Skete, quick, sudden, B. 1186; quickly, C. 195. See T. B. 13672. O.N.
_skjótt_.
Skewe, sky, cloud, B. 1206, 1759. Sw. _sky_, a cloud. A.S. _scúa_,
a shadow.
Skowte, look, search, B. 483. See T. B. 1089.
Skoymous, B. 598. See _Scoymous_.
Skwe, sky, B. 483.
Skyfte, devise, order, ordain, A. 569. A.S. _scyftan_.
Skyfte, shift, change, B. 709. Sw. _skifta_.
Skyg, scrupulous, careful, B. 21. Sw. _skygg_, shy. N.Prov.E. _sky_,
to shun.
{Skyl, Skyle,} reason, wit, A. 312; _by skylle_, rightly, reasonably,
A. 674; ordinance, B. 709; meaning, B. 1554. See _Scylle_.
Skylleȝ, doubts, A. 54.
Skylly, device, purpose, B. 529.
Skyly, excuse, B. 62.
Skyre = shire = sheer, clear, B. 1776. See _Schyre_.
Skyrme, screams (?), B. 483.
“Scho gaffe _skirmande_ skrikes at all the skowis range.”
--(K. Alex. p. 176.)
Or does it here signify to look about, like Prov.E. skime? O.N.
_Skima_, to look about.
Skyualde, ordained, manifested, B. 529. Prof. Child suggests Somerset,
_scaffle_, scramble, scuffle. See _Skyfte_.
Slade, valley, A. 141.
Slake, absolve (lit. to loosen), A. 942. A.S. _sleacian_, to slacken.
Slauþe, sloth, B. 178.
Slaȝt, slaughter, A. 801.
Slaȝte, stroke, A. 59; C. 192. A.S. _slagan_, to strike, beat, kill.
Sleke, assuage, lessen, B. 708. See _Slake_.
Slente = slant, a slope, declivity, A. 141. Sw. _slinta_, to slip.
Slep, slept, C. 466.
Sloberande, slobbering, drivelling, C. 186. _Slobber_ is evidently
formed from _slob_, _slab_, in the same way as _blubber_ is formed
from _blob_, _blab_, a drop. Cf. “_Slobur_ or _blobur_, of fysshe
and other like Burbulum.” (Prompt. Parv.) O.E. _slab_. Prov.E.
_slob_, thick, slimy. Ir. _slaib_, mud, ooze. O.N. _sluppra_. Dan.
_slubbre_, to sip, sup. Du. _slubberen_, to hang loose and slack.
Slode, slid, A. 59.
Sloghe, slow, C. 466.
Sloue, slew, B. 1264.
Sloumbe, slumber, C. 186, 466. N.Prov.E. _sloomy_, dronish, slow;
_sloum_, _sloom_, slumber. O.E. _slome_, _sleme_, to sleep. A.S.
_sluma_, a slumber. O.N. _slæmi_. Cf. the modern phrase, “to slumber
and sleep.”
“(Sire Telomew) cairys into a cabayne, quare the kyng ligges,
Fand him _slomande_ and on slepe, and sleely him rayses.”
--(K. Alex. p. 176.)
Slow, slew, B. 1221.
Sluchched, muddy, dirty, C. 341. Prov.E. _slutch_, mud; _slotch_,
a sloven; _slotching_, slovenly.
Slyde, fall, C. 466.
“And _slydyn_ uppon slepe by slomeryng of age.” --(T. B. 6.)
Slyke, slide, slip. O.N. _slikja_, to make smooth. See _Atslyke_.
Slyp, stroke, blow, B. 1264.
Slyppe, go, glide, make off, slip away, B. 985; fall, C. 186. A.S.
_slipan_.
Slyppe, escape, B. 1785. Sw. _slippa_, to escape.
Slyȝt, slight, A. 190.
Slyȝt, wisdom, B. 1289; device, C. 130. O.E. _sleghe_, _sleȝe_, wise.
O.N. _slægr_.
Smach, scent, smell, B. 461, 1019. A.S. _smæc_. Prov.E. _smatch_,
flavour.
Smachande, smelling, savouring, B. 955.
Smartly, quickly, B. 711.
Smod, stain, filth, B. 711. Sc. _smot_, _smad_. O.Sw. _smuts_, spot,
stain. Dan. _smuds_, dirty. Pl. D. _smuddern_, to dirty.
Smolderande, smouldering, smothering, B. 955.
Smolt, be at peace, quiet, B. 732. A.S. _smolt_, serene, clear.
Prov.E. _molt_-water, clear exudation; _smolt_, smooth, clear.
See _Smelt_, T. B. 1669.
Smolt{es}; so in MS., but ? an error for smolt{e} = smelt, B. 461.
“A smoke _smulte_ through his nase.” --(T. B. 911.)
Smoþe, smooth, A. 6.
Smoþely, quietly, B. 732.
Smylt, decayed (?), B. 226. Sw. _multna_, to moulder. Dan. _smuldre_,
to crumble, moulder.
Snaw, snow, B. 222.
Soberly, quietly, A. 256; courteously, decently, B. 117, 799, 1497.
See T. B. 248.
Sobre, gentle, A. 532.
Sodanly, suddenly, A. 1098; B. 1769.
Soerly, an error for _Soberly_, B. 117.
Soffer, suffer, A. 940.
Soffraunce, forbearance, C. 417.
Soghe, sow, C. 67.
Soghe, moan, C. 391. A.S. _swógan_, _swégan_, to make a noise, howl.
O.S. _suôgan_.
Sok, _sb._ suck, C. 391.
Sokored, succoured, C. 261.
Solace, A. 130; B. 870, 1080.
Solased, B. 131.
{Solemne, Solempne,} B. 1171, 1447; C. 239.
Solempnely, B. 37.
{Solemneté, Solempneté,} B. 1313, 1678, 1757.
{Solie, Soly,} throne, B. 1171, 1678. A.S. _sylla_, a chair; _salo_,
a hall, palace.
Somere, B. 1686.
{Sommoun, Somone,} _vb._ B. 1498; _sb._ summons, A. 1098.
Sonde, sand, C. 341.
Sonde = sande, message, word, A. 943; messenger, B. 53, 781. A.S.
_sánd_.
Sondeȝ-mon, messenger, B. 469.
Sone, soon, B. 461.
{Sonet, Sonete,} B. 1415, 1516.
Songen, _pl._ sang, B. 1763.
Sope, sup, B. 108.
Soper, supper, B. 107, 829, 997, 1763.
{Sor, Sore,} sorrow, A. 130; C. 242, 507; _adv._ sorely, A. 550;
B. 290.
Sorewe, sorrow, B. 778.
Sorquydryȝe = surquedrie, presumption, arrogance, conceit, A. 309.
Sorsers, sorcerers, B. 1579.
Sorsory, sorcery, B. 1576.
Sorte, lot, C. 193.
{Sorȝ, Sorȝe,} sorrow, A. 352; B. 75, 563, 1080.
{Soth, Soþe,} true, truth, A. 482, 653; B. 515; _soþes_, truths,
B. 1598. A.S. _sóth_.
Soþefast, faithful, B. 1491.
Sothfol, truthful, A. 498.
{Soþly, Soþely,} truly, B. 299, 654, 657.
Sotte, fool, sot, B. 581; C. 501. A.S. _sot_. See T. B. 1961.
Sotyle, subtle, A. 1050.
Soufre, sulphur, B. 954.
Soumme, company, C. 509.
Soun, sound, word, A. 532; C. 429; to sound, B. 973, 1670.
Sounande, sounding, A. 883.
Souped, supped, B. 833.
Sour, bad, vile, B. 192. Cf. “Soory or defowlyd yn _sowr_ or filth.
Cenosus.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Souȝed, sobbed, sighed, C. 140. See T. B. 342. Prov.E. _sugh_, _sow_,
_suff_, to murmur. O.Sc. _swouch_, a noise, sound. A.S. _swoeg_,
a noise; _swógan_, to sound, howl. Du. _zwoegen_, to pant, puff.
Souerayn, B. 93, 552.
Soyle, soil, earth, B. 1039, 1387; C. 443.
Soȝt, sought, A. 518, 730; _soȝt to_, reached, B. 510, 563; made for,
C. 249; endeavoured, B. 1286.
Spak, quickly, C. 104; _spakest_, boldest, C. 169.
Spakk, spake, A. 938.
Spakly, certainly, surely, quickly, B. 755; C. 338.
Spare, spar, C. 104, 338. Sw. _sparre_. O.H.G. _sparro_.
Sparred, spurred, rushed, A. 1169.
Spec, speck, B. 551.
{Special, Specyal,} A. 235, 938; B. 1492.
Sped, help, B. 1607.
Spede, prosper, B. 511; hasten, B. 551.
Spedly, quickly, B. 1729.
Sped-whyle, a short space of time, a moment, B. 1285.
Speke, spoke, B. 1220.
Spelle, tell, relate, A. 793.
Spelle, speech, A. 363. A.S. _spell_.
Spenned, folded, A. 49. O.N. _spenna_. A.S. _spannan_.
Spenned, allured, enticed away, A. 53. A.S. _spanan_. N.Prov.E.
_span_, to wean from.
Spiritually, B. 1492.
Spitous, fell, abominable, B. 845.
Spitously, fiercely, angrily, B. 1220.
Sponne = spun, grew, A. 35.
Spornande, rushing, dashing, A. 363. O.E. _sporn_, _spurn_, to dash.
A.S. _spurnan_.
“Now aithir stoure on ther stedis,
_Spurnes_ out spakly with speris in hand.” --(K. Alex. p. 27.)
Spot, blemish, A. 12, 764.
Spote, place, spot, A. 13; B. 551.
Spotleȝ, spotless, pure, A. 856.
Spotty, to defile, A. 1070.
Spoyle, B. 1285, 1774.
{Sprad, Spradde,} spread (_pret._ of _sprede_), B. 1607; C. 365.
Sprange, sprung, A. 13.
Sprawlyng, B. 408.
Sprete = sprit (as in bow-sprit), C. 104. A.S. _sprit_.
Sprude = spread, fasten, C. 104.
Spryngande, springing, A. 35.
Spuniande = spinnande, sticky, cleaving, B. 1038. _Pynnand_ occurs in
this sense in the Northern Romance of Alexander, p. 142.
“Than vmbyclappis thaim a cloude and covirs all ovir,
As any _pynnand_ pik (pitch) the planets it hidis.”
Spure = spere, ask, inquire of, B. 1606. Sc. _speer_. A.S. _spirian_.
See T. B. 823.
Sputen = spouted, uttered, B. 845.
Sput = spat, vomited, C. 338.
{Spyce, Spyse,} A. 235, 938; _pl._ _spyseȝ_, A. 25, 35.
Spye, B. 780, 1774.
Spylt, destroyed, B. 1220.
Spyrakle, breath, spirit, B. 408.
Spysereȝ, spice-mongers, B. 1038.
Spyt, cruelty, A. 1138; vengeance, B. 755.
Spytously, B. 1285. See _Spitously_.
Stable, _adj._ A. 597; _vb._ B. 1334, 1652.
Stac (_pret._ of _steke_), closed, fastened, B. 439. See _Steke_.
{Stad, Stadde,} placed, fixed (_pret._ of _stede_), B. 806, 983, 1506.
Stage, state, A. 410.
Stal, seat, B. 1506. A.S. _stal_, _steal_.
Stale, step, degree, place, A. 1002.
Stalke, A. 152.
Stalle, place, fix, B. 1334. A.S. _stælan_.
Stalle, _vb._ bring, place, A. 188; B. 1184.
“Lia he (Jacob) _stalle_ until his bedd.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 22b.)
Stalworth, strong, B. 884; great, B. 983.
Stalworþest, bravest, B. 255.
Stamyn, threshold, B. 486.
Stanc, pool, B. 1018. N.Prov.E. _stank_. Gael. _stang_, a pool.
“_Stagnum_, a pounde, a _stanke_, a dam.”
--(MS. Harl. 2270, f. 181.)
Standen (_p.p._), stood, A. 519, 1148.
Stange, pool, B. 439. See _Stanc_.
Stape-fole, high, C. 122.
Stare, _vb._ A. 149; B. 389.
Stare, star, B. 583.
Stared, shone, B. 1506.
Staren (_3rd pers. pl. pres._), shine, A. 116. “_Staring_ stone,”
T. B. 3037. Cf. “_Staryng_, or schynyng as gaye thyngys. Rutilans.”
“_Staryñ_ or schynyñ and glyderyñ, niteo.” (Prompt. Parv.)
“Many _starand_ stanes strikes of thair helmes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 28.)
“As ai stremande sternes _stared_ alle thaire wedes.”
--(_Ibid._, p. 129.)
Start, A. 1159.
Statue, B. 995.
{Staue, Staw,} = stow, place, B. 352, 360, 480.
Stayre, shine, B. 1396. See _Staren_.
Stayre, ladder, C. 513.
Stayre, steep, high, A. 1022. A.S. _stígan_, to ascend; _stæger_,
a stair. O.E. _staire_, to ascend.
“A hundreth daies and a halfe he held be tha playnes,
Till he was comen till a cliffe, at to the cloudis semed,
That was so _staire_ and so stepe, the storé me tellis,
Miȝt ther no wee, bot with wynges, winne to the topp.”
--(K. Alex. p. 164, l. 4828.)
“With that _stairis_ he forth the stye that streȝt to the est.”
--(_Ibid._, 4834.)
Steke, fasten, shut up, close, B. 157, 352, 754, 884. N.Prov.E.
_steek_. A.S. _stician_, to stick in. O.N. _steckr_, a fold.
Stel, stole, B. 1203.
Stele, approach stealthily, B. 1778. A.S. _stélan_.
Stele, a step (of a ladder), C. 513. See _Stale_.
“This ilke laddre (that may to hevene leste) is charite,
The _stales_ gode theawis.” --(Poems of Wm. of Shoreham, p. 3.)
Stemme = stem, to stop, delay, B. 905. The same root occurs in
_stammer_, stumble, etc. Sw. _stämma_, to dam.
Stepe, step, B. 905.
{Stepe, Steppe,} bright, B. 583, 1396. S.Sax. _steap_, bright,
brilliant. “Stepe ene.” T. B. 3101. Cf. “eyen _stepe_.” Chaucer.
C. T. Prologue, l. 201.
Stere, direct, A. 623; rule, C. 27.
Sterne, star, A. 115; C. 207. O.N. _stjarna_.
Sterne (of a boat), C. 149.
Sterre, star, B. 1378.
Stewarde, B. 90.
Steuen, voice, A. 188; sound, A. 1125; B. 1203, 1402; noise, B. 1778;
command, B. 360, 463. A.S. _stefen_.
Stiffe, B. 983.
Stifly, firmly, B. 157.
Stik, fix, fasten, B. 157. See _Steke_.
Stille, dumb, B. 1523.
Stoffe, fill, B. 1184. See T. B. 2748.
Stoken, fastened, enclosed, shut (_p.p._ of _steke_), A. 1065; B. 360,
1199, 1524.
“Sothe stories ben _stoken_ up & straught out of mind.”
--(T. B. 11.)
{Stokke, Stoke,} stocks, B. 46, 157.
Stonde, stand, B. 1490.
Stonde, blow, B. 1540. A.S. _stunian_, to beat, strike. O.E. _stund_,
to strike.
“Quat! wyns (wenis) þou I am a hund,
Wit þi stans me for to _stund_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 42b.)
Stonen, _adj._ of stone, B. 995.
Ston-harde, fast, B. 884.
Store, a great (number), A. 847.
“A _store_ man of strength and of stuerne will.” --(T. B. 538.)
Stote, stand, stop still, A. 149. Dan. _stötte_, stay, support.
S.Sax. _stuten_, to stop. Sc. _stoit_, stumble. “_Stotyng_,
Titubatus.” (Prompt. Parv.)
“Anone to the forest they found (go),
There they _stoted_ a stound.” --(Sir Degrevant, 225.)
“Ffurth he stalkis a stye, by tha stille euys,
_Stotays_ at a hey strette, studyande hym one.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 290.)
“Than he _stotays_ for made, and alle his strenghe faylez.”
--(_Ibid._, p. 357.)
Stound, Stounde, a space of time, moment, A. 659; B. 1716; _in
stoundes_, at times, B. 1603. A.S. _stund_.
Stounde, blow, and hence sorrow, A. 20. See _Stonde_.
Stour, conflict; _bale-stour_, death pang, C. 426. Cf. _dede-stoure_,
death conflict. Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, 1820, 5812. O.N.
_styr_.
“Son efter-ward, it was not lang,
Gain Saul þai gaf batail strang;
Þaa sarȝins þan þe king umsett,
In hard _stur_ þai samen mett;
Ful snaip it was þair, _stur_ and snelle,
The folk al fled of Israel.” --(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43b.)
Stout, firm, stable, A. 779, 935; brave, B. 1184.
Stowed, placed, B. 113.
Stowned, troubled, astonished, C. 73. A.S. _stunian_.
Strake, struck up, sounded, B. 1402.
Strate, street, A. 1043.
Straunge, strange, B. 409.
Stray, A. 1173; B. 1199. See T. B. 6258.
Strayne, strain, A. 128; labour, A. 691; pain, B. 1540; trouble,
C. 234.
Strayt, B. 880, 1199.
{Strech, Streche,} stretch, A. 843, 971; B. 905.
Stremande, shining, A. 115. See extract under the word _Staren_.
Strenkle, scatter, B. 307.
Strenþe, strength, B. 1155, 1430.
Streny, strain, toil, labour, A. 551.
Streȝt, strait, A. 691; C. 234. Cf. streght, T. B. 351.
Stronde = strand, stream, river, A. 152; C. 254, 311.
“Midward þat land a wel springes,
Þat rennes out wit four _strandes_,
Fflummes farand in fer landes.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7b.)
“Quen thai war passed over _strand_,
And raght apon þe toiþer land,
Witte yee þat þai war ful gladd.” --(_Ibid._, fol. 46a.)
Strot = strut, contest, chiding, A. 353, 848.
“O pride bicums unbuxumnes,
Strif and _strutt_ and frawardnes.”
--(The Seven Deadly Sins, in Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.)
Stroþe, bold, fierce (?), A. 115.
Strye, destroy, B. 307, 1768; _stryed_, B. 1018.
Stryf, A. 248.
Stryke, pass, go, A. 1125. A.S. _strican_.
Strynde = strond, stream, C. 311.
Stryuande, striving, C. 311.
Stud = stede, place, B. 389, 1334.
Sturnen, strong, B. 1402.
{Styf, Styffe,} strong, A. 779; C. 234; _styfest_, strongest, B. 255.
Styfly, fast, firmly, B. 352, 1652.
Styke = stryke, walk, go (?), A. 1186.
Stykked, fixed, placed, B. 583. See _Steke_.
Stylle, secret, A. 20; B. 589, 706; quiet, B. 1203; quietly, B. 486.
See T. B. 1778.
“State from þe slyth kyng _styllé_ by night.” --(T. B. 988.)
Stylle, secretly, B. 806, 1778.
Styngande, stinging, B. 225.
Stynkande, stinking, B. 1018.
Stynst, a mistake for stynt, stop, A. 353.
Stynt, stop, B. 225, 381, 1261; stopped, C. 73. A.S. _stintan_.
Styry, stir, move, B. 403, 1720.
Stysteȝ = stynteȝ, stops, B. 359.
Styȝe, path, C. 402. A.S. _stíg_.
Styȝe, ascend, climb, B. 389. A.S. _stígan_, to ascend.
Styȝtle, place, order, fix, B. 90; C. 402. A.S. _stihtan_, to arrange,
dispose. See T. B. 1997.
“Unstithe for to stire or _stightill_ the Realme.” --(T. B. 117.)
Sued, followed, B. 681.
{Suffer, Suffre,} A. 554.
Suffraunce, endurance, patience, C. 3, 529.
Suffyse, A. 135.
{Sulp, Sulpe,} defile, pollute, B. 15, 550, 1130, 1135. O.E. _sulwe_,
to defile, soil. M.H.D. _be-sulwen_. O.N. _söla_, to pollute. Prov.
Ger. _sulpern_, unclean, to defile. The word _sulp_ (_solp_) occurs
in the Romance of K. Alexander, ed. Stevenson, but the editor
renders it “_to swallow_”!
“Oure inward enmys ilkane we inwardly drepis,
That is to say alle the sin, at _solp_ may ȝe (the ?) saule.”
--(K. Alex. p. 146.)
Sulpande, defiling, A. 726.
Sumkyn, of some kind, A. 619.
Sumoun, to summon, A. 539.
Sum quat, some sort of, B. 627.
Sum-while, formerly, C. 57.
Sunderlupes, severally, C. 12.
Suppe, B. 108; C. 151.
Supplantor, A. 440.
Sure, A. 1089.
Sum, one, “_al & sum_,” one and all, A. 584.
Surely, B. 1643; C. 315.
Sustnaunce, B. 340.
Sute (?) A. 203, 1108.
Sve = sue, follow, go after, A. 976.
Swalt, died, A. 816, 1160. See T. B. 1200, 4687. See _Swelt_.
Swaneȝ, swans, B. 58.
Swange (_pret._ of _swenge_ or _swinge_), toiled, worked, A. 586. A.S.
_swingan_, to dash, to labour.
Swange, flowed, A. 1059.
Swangeande, flowing, rushing, A. 111. See T. B. 13024.
Swap, blow, B. 222. A.S. _swipian_. O.N. _svipa_, to shake. O.E.
_swepe_, _swappe_, to beat. See T. B. 1889.
“He swynges out with a swerd and _swappis_ him to dethe.”
--(K. Alex. p. 38.)
“With a swinge of his sworde _swappit_ hym in þe fase.”
--(T. B. 1271.)
Sware, square, A. 837; B. 1386.
Sware, answer, A. 240; B. 1415. O.N. _svara_. See T. B. 1200.
Swarme, B. 223.
Swart, black, C. 363.
{Swat, Swatte,} sweated (_pret._ of _swete_), A. 586, 829.
Swayf, blow, literally, a sudden movement. See _Swayue_.
“Than Alexander . . . . .
Swythe swyngis out his swerde and his _swayfe_ feches,
The nolle of Nicollas, the kyng, he fra the nebb partis.”
--(K. Alex. p. 28.)
Swayne, swain, servant, B. 1509.
Swayue, swims. T. B. 2358. Dan. _swæve_, to wave, move, flutter.
Swe, follow, A. 892; ran, B. 956.
Sweande, flowing, B. 420.
Sweft, swift, C. 108.
Swelme, heat, C. 3. A.S. _swell_, a burning; _swélan_, to burn,
_sweal_.
“[He] lete asauage, or he sware (spoke), the _swelme_ of his
angirs.” --(K. Alex. p. 21.)
Swelt, die, perish, B. 108; C. 427; destroy, B. 332. A.S. _sweltan_.
O.N. _svelta_.
Swemande (_pres. part._ of _sweme_), afflicting, B. 563. A.S. _swima_,
a stupor. S.Sax. _sweamen_, to grieve, vex.
“Whan this was seide, his hert began to melt
For veray _sweme_ of this _swemeful_ tale.”
--(Lydgate’s Minor Poems, p. 38.)
“Sum swalt in a _swym_ with outen sware more.” --(T. B. 1200.)
Sweng, _sb._ toil, labour, A. 575. A.S. _sweng_, a stroke, blow. See
_Swange_. See T. B. 1271.
Swenge, hasten, rush, dash out, B. 109, 667; C. 108, 250, 253.
“He _swynges_ out with a swerd and swappis him to dethe.”
--(K. Alex. p. 33.)
A.S. _swingan_, to swing, dash.
Swepe, glide, A. 111; hasten, B. 1509. See T. B. 342. O.E. _swippe_,
to pass quickly. O.N. _svip_, a rapid movement; _svipa_, to whip, do
quickly, turn.
Swepe, to seize, C. 341. A.S. _swipian_, to take by violence.
Swer, swore, B. 69, 667.
Swete, life; _to lose the swete_ = to die, C. 364. _Swete_ may here
signify _sweet_, the word _life_ being understood.
“And alle at lent ware on loft loste ther the _swete_.”
--(K. Alex. p. 105.)
“---- the brande es myne awene
Many swayne, with the swynge [struck], has the _swete_ levede.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 281.)
“All the kene mene of kampe, knyghtes and other,
Killyd are colde dede and castyne over burdez
Theire swyers sweyftly has the _swete_ levyde.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 309.)
Swetter, sweeter, C. 236.
Sweuen, dream, A. 62. A.S. _swefen_.
Swey, go, walk, B. 788; came, C. 429. See T. B. 2512. O.N. _sweigia_.
Dan. _sveje_, to bend. N.Prov.E. _swey_, to swing; _sweigh_, to
press. See _Sve_.
Sweyed, swayed, C. 151.
Sweȝe, go, C. 72; drove, C. 236.
Swolȝe, swallow, C. 250, 363; kill, B. 1268.
Swone, swoon, A. 1180. A.S. _aswunan_.
Swowed, swooned, C. 442. S.Sax. _swowen_, to swoon.
Swyed = sweyed, followed, B. 87.
Swyere, squire, B. 87,
Swypped, escaped, B. 1253. See _Swepe_.
Swyre, neck, B. 1744. A.S. _sweora_.
Swyþe, firm, strong, A. 354; C. 236; great, B. 1283; very, B. 816;
many, B. 1299; quickly, A. 1059; B. 354; greatly, B. 987. A.S.
_swíth_, strong, great; _swíthe_, very, greatly.
Swyþe, burn, scorch, C. 478 (_pret._ _swath_). N.Prov.E. _swither_, to
singe; _swidden_, to scorch. O.N. _svítha_.
“Mi Gode, als whele set þam,
Als stubble bi-fore wind lickam
Als fire that brennes wode swa;
Als lowe _swiþand_ hilles ma.” --(Ps. lxxxii. 15.)
Syence, B. 1454, 1599.
Syfle, blow, C. 470. _Syfle_ sometimes signifies to _whistle_. It may
he connected with the Prov.E. _suffe_, to pant, blow. A.S.
_siofian_, mourn, lament.
Sykande, sighing, B. 715. A.S. _sycan_, to sigh.
Syked, sighed, C. 382.
Sykerly, surely, C. 301. O.Fris. _sikur_. Ger. _sicher_, sure.
Syle, to glide, go, proceed, B. 131. See T. B. 364, 1307. Prov.E.
_sile_, to go. O.N. _síla_.
“With that the segge all himselfe _silis_ to his chambre.”
--(K. Alex. p. 5.)
See T. B. 364.
Sylueren, silver, B. 1406.
Symbale, B. 1415.
Symple, A. 1134; B. 746.
Sympelnesse, A. 909.
Syn, since, C. 218.
Syngne, sign, B. 489, 1710.
Synglerty, singularity, singleness, A. 429.
Synglure, uniqueness, A. 8.
Syngnetteȝ, signets, A. 838.
Synne, after, B. 229.
Syre, lord, B. 1260.
{Syt, Syte,} sorrow, sin, B. 566, 1257; C. 5, 517. O.N. _sút_.
“Jacob wen he was mast in _siit_,
God lighted him witouten _liit_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 27b.)
“This tre in forbot haf I laid,
If þou sa bald be it to bite,
Þou sal be ded in sorou and _site_,
And if þou haldes mi forbot,
Þou sal be laverd ouer ilk crot.” --(_Ibid._ fol. 52b.)
Syþe, time, A. 1079; B. 1169, 1417, 1686. A.S. _sith_.
Syþen, afterwards, A. 13, 643, 1207; B. 998; since, A. 245.
Sytole, citole, guitar, A. 91.
{Syȝ, Syȝe,} saw, A. 308, 788, 985; B. 985.
{Syȝt, Syȝte,} sight, A. 226; B. 552, 1710.
Ta, take, arrest, C. 78. “Ta me,” take, arrest me. Tatȝ, take, B. 735.
(Cf. O.E. _ma_ = make.)
Tabarde, coat. It sometimes signifies a short coat or mantle, B. 41.
Fr. _tabar_. Ital. _tabaro_.
Tabelment, A. 994.
Taborne, tabour, B. 1414.
Tached, fixed, fastened, A. 464.
Takel, C. 233.
Tale, tale, message, B. 1437.
Talent, will, pleasure, C. 416. See T. B. 464.
Talle = tuly (?), B. 48.
Tan, taken, B. 763.
Tatȝ, take, B. 735. See _Ta_.
Tayt, agreeable, lively, B. 871. O.N. _teitr_.
“The laddes were kaske and _teyte_.” --(Havelok the Dane, 1841.)
“Ther mouhte men se the boles beyte,
And the bores with hundes _teyte_.” --(_Ibid._ 2331.)
Tayt, fear, B. 889.
“Brynges furthe, [as] sayd the boke, bestes out of noumbre,
And trottes on toward Tyre with _taite_ at thaire hertes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 42.)
Teche, teach, B. 160.
Teche, mark, sign, B. 1049.
Teche, fault, B. 1230; device, B. 943. Fr. _tache_.
Tede, an error for _tene_ = ten (?), B. 1634.
Tee, go, B. 9, 1262; C. 87.
“Let hym _tegh_ to þe tempull.”
--(T. B. 2541.)
A.S. _teon_. Cf. _teght_, T. B. 1786.
Telde, tent, B. 866. A.S. _teld_.
Telded, raised, B. 1342. See T. B. 6075.
Telle, raise, excite, B. 1808. Du. _tillen_, to lift up.
Teme, approach, A. 460; B. 9; C. 316. See T. B. 3306. It seems to be
connected with the A.S. _geteman_, to bear witness; _teama_, to
cite, summon. In Laȝamon _teman_ signifies to go, proceed, approach,
vol. i. p. 53, l. 1245.
“Albion hatte that lond;
Ah leode ne beoth thar nane,
Ther to thu scalt _teman_ [wende]
& ane neowe Troye thar makian.”
Teme, team, C. 37.
Teme, theme, C. 358.
Tempest, C. 231.
Temple, A. 1062.
Tempre, moderate, B. 775.
Temptande, tempting, B. 283.
Tender, A. 412; B. 630.
Tene, _sb._ anger, sorrow, A. 332; B. 283, 687, 1137; C. 90; _adj._
angry, B. 1808; _vb._ punish, B. 759. A.S. _teonan_, _tynan_, to
anger; _teona_, wrong, mischief.
Tenfully, sorrowfully, bitterly, B. 160.
Tenor, C. 358.
Tenoun, A. 993.
{Tent, Tente,} attend, care for, B. 676, 935; C. 59, 498; heed,
A. 387.
Terme, term, A. 1053; B. 1393.
Terne, lake, B. 1041. N.Prov.E. _tarn_. O.N. _tjörn_.
Teuel (or _tenel_ ?), enclose, or ? _undermine_, B. 1189.
Þacce, blow, C. 325. A.S. _thaccian_, to stroke.
Þayreȝ, theirs, B. 1527.
Þaȝ, though, A. 134.
Þede, country, A. 711. A.S. _theód_.
“I sett ȝowe ane ensample ȝe se it alle day,
In thorps and in many _thede_ ther ȝe thurȝe ride,
At ilka cote a kene curr, as he the chache walde,
Bot as bremely as he baies, he bitis never the faster.”
--(K. Alex. p. 62.)
Þede, vessel, B. 1717. Prov.E. _thead_, a strainer used in brewing.
“_Thede_, bruares instrument, qualus.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Þeder, thither, B. 461.
Þef, thief, A. 273.
Theme, A. 944; C. 358.
{Þen, Þenne,} than, A. 134.
Þenkande, thinking, C. 294.
Þerue, unleavened, B. 635. Prov.E. _therf_, _tharf_, _thar_. A.S.
_theorf_, _therf_.
Þester, darkness, B. 1775. A.S. _theostru_. See T. B. 2362.
Þewe, virtue, B. 1436; C. 30; ordinances, B. 544, 755.
Þewed, virtuous, B. 733.
Þewes, thieves, B. 1142.
Þikker, oftener, C. 6.
Þirled, pierced, B. 952.
Þo, the (_pl._), B. 635; those, A. 557.
Þole, suffer, A. 344; B. 190; C. 6. A.S. _thólian_, to suffer, endure.
Þonc, _sb._ thank, A. 901.
Þonkke, _vb._ thank, B. 745.
Þore, there, A. 562.
Þorpe, city, B. 1178. O.N. _thorp_.
Þorȝ, through. See _Þurȝ_.
Þoȝ, though, A. 345.
Þoȝt, seemed, A. 153; B. 562.
Þoȝt, imagination, B. 516.
Þrad, reproached, tormented, B. 751. A.S. _threagan_ (_pret. threáde_,
_p.p._ _thread_), to blame, vex, torment.
Þrange, pierce, A. 17. See _Þrenge_.
Þrast, stroke, thrust, B. 952.
Þrat, vexation, torment, C. 55. A.S. _threat_, threat; _threatian_, to
vex, distress.
Þratten (_3d pers. pl. pret._) threatened, B. 937.
Þrawe, to reach, B. 590.
Þrawen, close, thick, B. 1775.
Þrenge, press, crowd after, follow, B. 930; pass, C. 354. A.S.
_thringan_, to press, crowd, throng. O.N. _threnga_.
Þrep, contradiction, B. 350. N.Prov.E. _threap_, _threpe_, to dispute.
A.S. _threapian_, to reprove, chide.
“_Withoutyn threp_ more.” --(T. B. 1127.)
Þrepyng, _sb._ strife, B. 183. A.S. _threapung_.
{Þret, Þrete,} threaten, A. 561; B. 680, 1728.
Þretty, thirty, B. 751.
Þreuenest, wisest, noblest, B. 1571.
Þro, anger, B. 754; C. 6; angry, A. 344. N.Prov.E. _thro_, keen,
eager. O.N. _thrá_.
“Be þou noght in þi hert so _thra_.” --(MS. Harl. 4196. fol. 94.)
Cf. “his _throo_ hert,” T. B. 147. “A _throo_ (bold) knight.”
_Ib._ 1482.
Þro, good, A. 868.
Þro, sharply, quickly, B. 220. A.S. _threá_.
Þro, thoroughly, B. 1805.
Þroble, press, B. 879.
Þroly, fiercely, quickly, B. 180, 514.
“_Throly_ he thoght in his hert.” --(T. B. 209.)
{Þrong, Þronge,} _sb._ crowd, B. 135, 504, 754.
Þrongen (_3d pers. pl. pret._ of _thringe_), crowded, pressed,
B. 1775.
“Mony thoughtes full thro _thronge_ in hir brest.” --(T. B. 470.)
Þrublande, pressing, B. 504. See _Þroble_.
{Þrwen, Þrowen,} thrown, B. 220, 504.
Þrych, through, A. 17. O.Sc. _throuch_.
{Þryd, Þryde, Þrydde,} third, A. 833; B. 249, 300, 1639.
Þryeȝ, thrice, B. 429.
Þrynge, press, B. 180; follow, B. 1639. See _Þrenge_.
Þrynne, three, B. 606, 1727.
Þryuande, good, pure, B. 751. See T. B. 1482.
Þryue, prosper, thrive, B. 249; C. 521.
Þryuen, prudent, wise, A. 868, 1192; grown up, adult, B. 298;
_þryuenest_, wisest, noblest, B. 1639.
Þryȝt, thrust, pressed, thronged, A. 670, 706, 926; B. 135; Cf.
_thriccing_ of hondys. T. B. 1522. A.S. _thryccan_ (_pret._
_thrycte_), to thrust, press, tread on.
Þurȝ, through, A. 670.
Þykke, closely, B. 504.
Þyȝe, thigh, B. 1687.
To, toe, C. 229.
To-cleues, separate, B. 1806.
To-corue (_3d pers. pl. pret._), slit, ript up, B. 1250.
Token, betoken, B. 1557.
To-kerue, divide, B. 1700.
{Tole, Tool,} tool, B. 1108, 1342.
{Tolk, Tolkke, Tulkke,} man, B. 687, 757. _Tolk_, like _segge_,
signified originally a speaker, an interpreter. O.N. _túlka_, to
explain, interpret; _túlkr_, an interpreter, a mediator. See
T. B. 63.
Tom, (1) leisure, A. 134; opportunity, B. 1153; interval, C. 135;
(2) time, A. 585. O.Sw. and O.N. _tóm_. “_Toom_ oportunitas.”
(Prompt. Parv.)
“Tharfore þis _tyme_ I may noght cum
Telle þi lord I haue no _tome_.”
--(MS. Harl, 4196, fol. 105.)
In T. B. 1088, we have _tomly_.
To-marred, spoilt, B. 1114.
To-murte, crushed to pieces, C. 150. See _murte_, T. B. 6128.
Tonne (or toune?), conceive, B. 655.
Top, head, C. 229.
Topace, topaz, B. 1469.
Tor, tower, A. 966.
Tor, hard, A. 1109. O.N. _tor_. Sans. _dus_, hard, difficult. Cf. O.E.
_torfer_, hardship, T. B. 81.
“But this tyme is so _tore_.” --(T. B. 645.)
{To-rente, To-rent,} rent asunder, A. 1136; B. 368; C. 96.
To-riuen, torn away, A. 1197.
Tormenttour, B. 154.
To-rof (_pret._ of _to-riue_), burst, B. 964; C. 379.
Torreȝ, towers, A. 875,
Toter, totter, C. 233.
Toteȝ = totȝ, toes; Cf. _gotȝ_ = goes, etc., B. 41.
To-torne, torn, B. 41.
Totȝ, goes, A. 513. Sw. _tota_.
Tour, tower, B. 216.
Tourneȝ = turns, devices, B. 192.
Tow, two, B. 866.
“_Two_ pyllers he pight in a place low.” --(T. B. 310.)
To-walten, overflowed (_3d pers. pl._), B. 428.
Towche, to relate, deliver a message, speak, A. 898; B. 1437.
“Litille kyngis there come . . . . .
_Touches_ titly thair tale and tribute him askis.”
--(K. Alex. p. 31.)
Towche, _sb._ touch, C. 252.
Towe, C. 100.
Towen, drawn, A. 251.
Toȝe, tough, B. 630.
Toȝt, firm, binding, A. 522.
Tra, high (?), B. 211, or (?) _tor_, great, difficult of access.
“This castel es o luve and grace,
Bath o socur and o solace,
Apon the mathe it standes traist;
O fede ne dredes it na fraist;
It is hei sett upon þe crag,
_Trai_ and hard wituten hag.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 55a.)
Tramme, tackle, gear? C. 101. In the northern Romance of Alexander,
p. 5, _tramme_ signifies an instrument (optical).
“He toke _trammes_ him with to tute (look) in the sternes.”
Tras = trace, path, course, A. 1113. “_Trace_, a streyght way,
_trace_.” (Palsg.)
Trasches = trauses or trossers, drawers or trousers? B. 40.
Trauayle, _sb._ labour, C. 505; _vb._ A. 550; C. 498.
Trave = trawe, believe, B. 587.
Trauerce = traverse, B. 1473.
{Traw, Trawe,} = trow, believe, suppose, A. 282, 295; B. 655, 1335,
1686. See T. B. 298.
Trawande, believing, B. 662.
{Trawþe, Trauþe,} truth, A. 495; B. 63, 667; belief, 1490, 1703.
Trayled, B. 1473.
Traysoun, treason, B. 187.
{Trayþly, Trayþely,} certainly, surely? B. 907, 1137. If _trayþly_ be
derived from _trauth_, _truth_, the meaning here assigned to it may
be correct; but the sense of _fiercely_, _fearfully_, would suit the
context better.
Traytoure, B. 1041; C. 77.
Tre, wood, B. 1342.
Trendel, roll, A. 41.
Tres, yards (of a ship), C. 101.
{Tresor, Tresore,} treasure, A. 237, 331, B. 866.
Tresorye, treasury, B. 1317.
Trespas, B. 48.
Trespast, B. 1230.
Trestes, trestles, B. 832.
Trichcherye, treachery, B. 187.
Troched, ornamented? An architectural term of uncertain meaning,
B. 1383.
{Tron, Trone,} went (_pret._ of _tryne_), A. 1113; B. 132; C. 101. See
_Trynande_.
Trone, throne, A. 1055.
Trot, _sb._ pace, step, B. 976.
Trow, believe, B. 1049.
Trumpen, trumpets, B. 1402.
Trussed, deposited, B. 1317. See T. B. 1819.
Trwe, true, A. 460.
Tryed, select, trusty, B. 1317. O.E. _trie_, choice. See T. B. 695.
Tryfled = trayfoled, ornamented with knots, B. 1473. Fr. _treffilier_,
a chain maker.
Trynande, going, walking, B. 976. Dan. _trine_, to go.
“Than the traytoure treunted the Tyesday thar aftyre,
_Trynnys_ in with a trayne tresone to wirke.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 326.)
“The trays (path) of the traytoure he _trynys_ fulle evenne,
And turnys in be Treynte, the traytoure to seche.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 339.)
“They _tryne_ unto a tente whare tables whare raysede.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 267.)
Tryste, trusty, A. 460; _vb._ to trust, C. 324.
Trysty, trusty, B. 763.
Tryȝe, to trust in, rely upon, A. 311. N.Prov.E. _trigg_, firm,
faithful. Sw. _trygg_, safe, sure.
Tuch, cloth, B. 48. Ger. _tuch_. Cf. Eng. _tuck_ and _tucker_.
Tulkke, man, soldier, B. 1189, 1262. See _Tolk_.
“The Tothyr was a _Tulke_ out of Troy selfe.” --(T. B. 63.)
Tulket = tulked, sounded, B. 1414. The original meaning of _tulk_ is
to speak, explain (O.N. _túlka_), hence to utter, sound.
“The Tebies _tulked_ (addressed) us with tene (anger).”
--(K. Alex. p. 83.)
Tult, threw, pitched. B. 1213; C. 252. See _Tilt_, in T. B. 914, 3704.
A.S. _tealtian_, to tilt, shake.
Tuyred, destroyed, B. 1234.
Twayned, separated, A. 251.
Tweyne, two, B. 674, 1749.
Twynande, entwining, B. 1691. Sw. _twinna_, to twine.
Twynne, two, A. 251; B. 1047.
Twynne, separate, B. 402.
Tyd, quickly, B. 64, 1213; C. 100, 229. A.S. _tíd_, _tídlíce_. Sw.
_tida_, frequently.
Tyde, time, B. 1393.
Tykel, uncertain, B. 655.
Tylle, to, B. 1064.
Tymbre, B. 1414. “Tymbyr a lytyl taboure, timpanellum.” (Prompt.
Parv.)
Tylte, overturn, B. 832; tumble, C. 361.
“_Tylude_ ouer borde.” --(T. B. 3704.)
Tynde, branch, A. 78. A.S. _tine_. O.E. _tind_, a tine, tooth, prong,
fork.
Tyne, lose, A. 332; destroy, B. 775, 907. O.N. _tyna_.
Tynt, lost, B. 216. See T. B. 1208.
Type, overturn, C. 506.
Typped, extreme, C. 77.
Tyraunte, B. 943.
Tyrauntyré, tyranny, B. 187.
Tyrne, flay, B. 630. Du. _tornen_, to rend, rip up.
“And so thai did al bidene and sum oure douth sloȝe,
Tuke out the tuskis and the tethe, and _ternen_ of the skinnes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 140.)
Tyt, quickly, A. 728. N.Prov.E. _tite_, soon. Cf. _tytly_, T. B. 1094.
See _Tyd_.
Tyþe, tenth, B. 216.
Tyþynge, tiding, B. 458, 498; C. 78.
Tytter, sooner, C. 231. N.Prov.E. _titter_. See _Tyt_.
Tyxt, text, B. 1634; C. 37.
Tyȝed, tied, A. 464; B. 702.
{Tyȝt, Tyȝte,} described, A. 1053; give, B. 1153; endeavour, B. 1108;
near, A. 503. See T. B. 1358. A.S. _tihtan_, to draw.
U = o = of, A. 792.
{Vch, Vche, Vcha,} = ilk, ilka, each, every. A. 33, 117.
Vchon, each one, A. 546.
Vglokest (_superl._ of _vgly_), most horrid, dreadful, B. 892. See
_vgsome_, horrible, T. B. 877.
Vmbe, about, B. 879, 1384; C. 309. A.S. _ymbe_.
“Grete toures full toure all þe toune _vmbe_.” --(T. B. 320.)
Vmbe-brayde, accost, B. 1622. See _Brayde_.
Vmbe-grouen, overgrown, B. 488.
Vmbe-kest, look about, B. 478.
Vmbe-lyȝe, compass, surround, B. 836.
Vmbe-pyȝte, surrounded, A. 1052.
Vmbre, rain, B. 524. Cf. _ymur_, in T. B. 897. Lat. _imber_.
Vmbe-schon, shone about, C. 455.
{Vmbe-stounde, Vmbe-stoundes,} at times, sometimes, C. 7, 122.
Vmbe-sweyed, encircled, B. 1380.
Vmbe-walt, surrounded, B. 1181.
Vnavysed, unadvised, thoughtless, A. 292.
Vnblemyst, unblemished, A. 782.
Vn-brosten, unburst, B. 365.
Vnblyþe, dismal, B. 1017.
Vncheryst, uncherished, uncared for, B. 1125.
Vnclannesse, uncleanness. B. 30, 1800, 1806.
Vnclene, B. 550, 1713.
Vncler, indistinct, C. 307.
Vnclose, disclose, B. 26, 1438.
Vncortoyse, uncourteous, A. 303.
{Vncouþe, Vncowþe,} unknown, B. 414, 1600, 1722.
Vnder, the third hour of the day, A. 513. A.S. _undern_. Goth.
_undaurns_.
Vnder-nomen, understood, perceived, C. 213.
Vnder-stonde, understand, A. 941; C. 122.
Vnder-ȝede = under-ȝete, understood, B. 796. A.S. _undergitan_, to
perceive.
Vndyd, destroyed, B. 562.
Vnfayre, bad, B. 1801.
Vnfolde, B. 1563.
Vnfre, unfortunate, B. 1129.
Vngarnyst, unadorned, B. 137.
Vnglad, sorry, C. 63.
Vngoderly, bad, wicked, B. 145, 1092.
Vnhap, misfortune, B. 143, 1150; misery, B. 892. See T. B. 1402.
Vnhappen, unfortunate; and hence bad, B. 573.
Vnhaspe, disclose, B. 688.
Vnhole, badly, B. 1681.
Vnhonest, vile, B. 579.
Vnhuled, uncovered, B. 451. See _Hile_.
Vnhyde, disclose, A. 973.
Vnhyle, disclose, B. 1628. See _Hile_.
Vnknawen, unknown, B. 1679.
Vnkyndely, wickedly, B. 208.
Vnmard, undefiled, B. 867.
Vnmete, unmeet, unfit, A. 759.
Vnneuened, unnamed, B. 727. See _Neuen_.
Vnnynges, signs, C. 213. A.S. _unnan_, to give, grant, permit.
Vnpynne, to unpin, unfasten, A. 728.
Vnresounable, unreasonable, A. 590.
Vnryȝt, wrong, B. 1142.
Vnsmyten, B. 732.
Vnsounde, wicked, evil, bad, B. 575; C. 527; misfortune, wretched
state, C. 58. See T. B. 495.
Vnsoundely, badly, B. 201. See T. B. 1826.
Vnstered, unmoved, B. 706.
Vnstrayned, untroubled, A. 248.
Vnswolȝed, unhurt, B. 1253. See _Swolȝe_.
{Vnþank, Vnþonk,} wrath, displeasure, B. 183; C. 55.
Vnþewe, fault, vice, B. 190. See _Thewe_.
Vnþryfte, folly, wickedness, B. 516, 1728.
Vnþryftyly, unwisely, badly, B. 267.
Vnþryuandly = unthrivingly, badly, B. 135. See T. B. 4893.
Vntrwe, untrue, A. 897; B. 456; unfaithful, B. 1160.
Vntwynne, separate; and hence, destroy, B. 757.
Vnwar, foolish, C. 115.
Vnwaschen, unwashed, B. 34.
Vnwelcum, B. 49.
Vnworþelych, unworthy, B. 305.
Vnwytté, unwise, foolish, simple, C. 511.
Vpbrayde, literally to raise; and hence to utter loudly, rebuke,
C. 430. See _Brayde_. In the sense of to utter, speak, we find
_upbrayde_ used in the following passage.
“Again my brether haue I bene
Oft-sith lightly for to tene,
Wit flitt, wit brixil, strive and strut;
Myn euen cristen haue I hurt,
And oft unsaght o him I said,
And of his lastes (faults) gane upbraid.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 156.)
Vp-caste, spoken, B. 1574.
Vp-folden, up-folded, B. 643.
Vp-lyfte, uplifted, B. 987.
Vpon, open, B. 453.
Vp-rerde, upreared, B. 561.
Vp-ros, uprose, C. 378.
Vpryse, C. 433.
Vp-set, raised, C. 239.
Vp-so-doun, upside down, C. 362.
Vp-wafte, uprose, B. 949.
Vpynyoun, opinion, C. 40.
Vrnementes, ornaments, B. 1284.
Vrþe, earth, A. 442.
Vrþely, earthly, A. 135; B. 35.
Vsage, B. 710.
Vsched, B. 1393, _to vsched_ = ? _tousched_ = _towched_, approached.
See B. 1437.
Vse, B. 11.
{Vsle, Vslle,} ashes, cinders, B. 747, 1010. A.S. _ysle_, ashes. O.N.
_usli_, fire. “Isyl, of fyre. Favilla.” (Prompt. Parv.) Prov.E.
_isle_, _easle_, embers; _eizle_, ashes.
Vtter, out, B. 42; without, B. 927.
Vt-wyth, without, outside, A. 969.
Vus, us, B. 842.
Vȝten, the morning, dawn, B. 893. A.S. _uhta_.
“Hi sloȝen and fuȝten
Þe niȝt and þe _uȝten_.” --(K. Horn, 1424.)
Vale, A. 127; B. 673.
Vanyté, B. 1713; C. 331.
Vanyste, vanished, B. 1548.
Vayle, avail, A. 912; B. 1151, 1311.
Vayment, exhibition, show, B. 1358.
Vayn, A. 811; B. 1358.
Vayned, brought, A. 249. See _Wayned_.
Venge, avenge, B. 199, 559; C. 71.
Vengeaunce, B. 247, 1013.
{Venkkyst, Venquyst,} vanquished, B. 544, 1071.
Venym, venom, filth, B. 574; C. 71.
{Veray, Verray,} true, A. 1184, 1185; truly, C. 333; very, C. 370.
Verayly, verily, B. 664, 1548.
Vered, veered, raised, A. 254.
Vergyne, virgin, A. 1099.
{Vergynté, Vergynyté,} virginity, A. 767; B. 1071.
Vertue, A. 1126.
Vertuous, precious, B. 1280.
Vessayl, vessel, B. 1713.
Vesselment, vessels, B. 1280, 1288.
Vesture, B. 1288.
Veued = weued, passed, A. 976. See _Weue_.
Vilanye, C. 71.
Vilté, filth, vileness, B. 199. O.Fr. _vilté_.
Violent, B. 1013.
Voched, prayed, A. 1121. Fr. _voucher_.
Vouche, resolve, B. 1358.
Vouched, vowed, C. 165.
Vowe, C. 239.
Voyde, do away with; B. 744; destroy, B. 1013; C. 370; depart,
B. 1548.
Vus, use, or ? drink, B. 1507. We may, however read, and thus preserve
the alliteration, _bus_ = _bous_ = _bouse_, to drink deeply. Du.
_buysen_.
Vycios, vicious, B. 574.
Vyf, wife, A. 772.
Vygour, 971.
Vyl, vile, evil, B. 744.
Vylanye, crime, sin, B. 544, 574.
Vyle, defile, B. 863.
Vyole, vial, B. 1280.
Vyolence, B. 1071.
Vyrgyn, A. 426.
{Vys, Vyse,} face, A. 254. O.Fr. _vis_.
Vyueȝ, wives, A. 785.
Wach, watch, B. 1205.
Wade, A. 143, 1151.
Waft, closed, B. 857. A.S. _wefan_, _wæfan_, to cover. O.N. _vefa_.
Wafte, move, lift up, raise, B. 453 O.N. _veifa_, to raise, move,
swing. _Waft_, B. 857, in the sense of _closed_ may be of the same
origin with _wafte_.
Wage, endure, A. 416.
Wage, wave, B. 1484. A.S. _wágian_.
Wake, watch, B. 85; C. 130. A.S. _wæccan_. O.N. _vaka_.
Waken, raise, arouse, awake, A. 1171; B. 323, 437, 891, 933, 948;
C. 132; O.N. _vakna_.
“Wyndis at hir wille to _wakyn_ in the aire.” --(T. B. 404.)
Wakker (_comp._ of _wayke_), weaker B. 835.
{Wale, Walle,} _vb._ discern, A. 1000; choose, select, B. 921; C. 511;
_adj._ noble, choice, B. 1734. Sc. _wale_. See T. 386, 4716. Ger.
_wählen_, to choose, select. O.N. _val_, electio, optio, delectus.
“O mister was ther wimmen tuin,
Þat ledd þar liif wit sike and sin,
Ffor þai had husing nan to _wale_,
Þai lended in a littel scale.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 48a.)
“Of choys men syne, _walit_ by cut (lot), thai tuke
A gret numbyr, and hyd in bylgis dern.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 72.)
“Awai þan drou him son Davi,
Bot Saul dred him mo forþi,
And of a thusand men o _wal_ (worth)
He made him ledder and marscal.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43a.)
“That worthy had a wyfe _walit_ hym seluon.” --(T. B. 105.)
Walkyries, witches, fate-readers, B. 1577. O.N. _valkyriur_; _f. pl._
_Parcæ_. Dan. _valkyrier_.
Wallande, boiling, bubbling up, A. 365. A.S. _weallan_, to boil up.
Walle-heued = well-head, spring, B. 364.
{Walt, Walte,} rolled, turned, B. 501, 1734. Prov.E. _walt_, _welt_.
A.S. _wealtian_, to roll. O.N. _vella_.
“Hit _walt_ up the wilde se.” --(T. B. 4633.)
Walter, roll, flow, B. 415, 1027; C. 142. O.Sc. _welter_, _walter_.
Dan. _vælte_, to roll. See _Walt_.
Waltereȝ, an error for watterez = waters? C. 263.
Walterande, swimming, C. 247.
Walteȝ, pours, rushes, flows, B. 364, 1037. See _Walte_, T. B. 3699,
4632.
Wame, belly. See _Wombe_.
Wamel, to wamble, C. 300. O.N. _vambla_. Dan. _vamle_, to wamble, to
create or cause a squeamishness or loathing. “_Wamelyn’_ in the
stomake. Nauseo.” “_Wamelynge_ of the stomake, Nausia.” (Prompt.
Parv.)
Wan (_pret._ of _wynne_), got, reached, A. 107; B. 140.
Wap, a step, C. 449. O.N. _vapp_. It is generally explained by a blow,
stroke, which was probably its original meaning.
“The werld wannes at a _wappe_ and the wedire gloumes.”
--(K. Alex. p. 141.)
“It (worldly wealth) wites away at a _wapp_, as the wynd turnes.”
--(_Ibid._ p. 181.)
See T. B. 207, 6405.
Wappe, to strike, knock, B. 882.
War, aware, A. 1096; crafty, B. 589. A.S. _wær_, wary. O.N. _var_.
{War, Ware,} guard, beware, B. 165, 545, 1133. A.S. _wárian_.
Warded, guarded, C. 258. A.S. _weardian_, to guard.
Ware, were, A. 151.
Warisch, protect, B. 921.
Warlaȝe, wizard, B. 1560. See _Warlow_.
Warlok, prison, C. 80.
Warlow, a monster, C. 258. A.S. _wér-loga_, a liar, a faith-breaker.
“Þe warlaȝ was wete of his wan atter.” --(T. B. 303.)
Warne, bid, C. 469.
Warnyng, _sb._ B. 1504.
{Warpe, Warpen,} cast, hurl, B. 444; ejaculate, utter, A. 879; B. 152,
213. O.N. _varpa_. A.S. _weorpan_, to throw, cast.
Warþe, a water-ford, C. 339. A.S. _warth_, _waroth_, the shore.
Wary, curse, B. 513. A.S. _wærgian_, to curse.
Waryed, accursed, B. 1716.
Wassayl, B. 1508.
{Wast, Waste,} destroy, B. 326, 431, 1178. A.S. _wéstan_.
Wasturne, a wilderness, B. 1674. _Wasterne_ signifies a desert place,
from the A.S. _wéste_, desert, barren, and _ærn_, a place.
“Methoughte I was in a wode willed myne one,
That I ne wiste no waye whedire that I scholde,
Ffore wolueȝ and whilde swynne, swykkyde bestez,
Walkede in that _wasterne_ wathes to seche.”
--(Morte Arthure, p. 270.)
Wate = wot, know, A. 502. A.S. _witan_ (_Ic wát_, _þu wást_, _he
wát_).
Water, stream, A. 107, 139; river, B. 1380.
Wauleȝ, shelterless, from the A.S. _wáh_, a wall (?), C. 262. We
should perhaps read wanleȝ = wonleȝ, hopeless, from the A.S. _wén_.
O.N. _von_. O.E. _wone_, hope.
Wawe, wave, A. 287; B. 382; C. 142. A.S. _wæg_.
Wax, increase, B. 521.
Waxlokes, waves (?), B. 1037.
Wayferand, wayfaring, B. 79.
Waykned, weakened, B. 1422. O.N. _veikr_. A.S. _wác_, weak; _wácan_,
to become weak.
Wayle, select, choice, B. 1716. See _Wale_.
Waymot, passionate, C. 492. A.S. _weamod_.
Wayne, give, B. 1504; gain, recover, 1616, 1701. The original meaning
seems to be that of gaining, getting. O.Fr. _gaagnier_. In some O.E.
works _wayne_ is used like our word _get_.
“Than past up the proude quene into prevé chambre,
_Waynes_ (_i.e._ puts out her head) out at wyndow and waytes
aboute.” --(K. Alex. p. 33.)
Wayte, look into, search, B. 99; be careful, B. 292; look about,
B. 1423; inquire, B. 1552. See T. B. 876. “_Waytyn_ or _aspyyn_,
observo.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Waȝeȝes, _waȝes_, waves, B. 404.
“Girdon ouer the grym _waghes_.” --(T. B. 1410.)
See _Wawe_.
Webbe, cloth, A. 71.
Wedde, A. 772; B. 69.
Wedded wyf, B. 330.
Weddyng, A. 791.
{Wed, Wede,} garments, weeds, A. 748, 766; B. 793. A.S. _wæd_.
{Wed, Wede,} become mad, B. 1585. A.S. _wédan_, to rave, be mad.
Weder, storm, B. 444, 948.
Weder, weather, B. 1760.
Wela-wynnely, very joyfully, B. 831. A.S. _welig_, rich, bountiful;
_wyn_, pleasure, joy.
{Welcom, Welcum,} B. 813.
Welde, govern, rule, wield, B. 195, 835; use, employ, possess, B. 705,
1351; C. 16. A.S. _wealdan_, rule, exercise, possess.
Welder, ruler, C. 129.
Wele, joy (_pl._ _weleȝ_), A. 14, 154, 394; B. 651; C. 262. A.S.
_wela_.
Welgest, worthiest, B. 1244. A.S. _welig_ (_welga_), rich, wealthy.
Welke, walked, A. 101.
Welkyn, welkin, the sky. A.S. _welcn_, _wolcen_. O.Sc. _walk_,
a cloud.
Welle-hedeȝ, springs, B. 428.
Welt, revolved, C. 115. See _Walter_.
Welwed, faded, C. 475. A.S. _wealwian_.
“The grond stud burrant, widderit dosk or gray,
Herbis, flowris and gersis _wallowyt_ away.”
--(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 378.)
Wely, joyous, happy, A. 101. A.S. _welig_.
“_Welli_ make, Laverd, and noght ille,
To Syon in þi gode wille.” --(Ps. i. 20.)
“Þan was þar never suilk a hald,
Ne nan in _welier_ in werld to wald.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 55b.)
{Wem, Wemme,} spot, blemish, A. 1003. A.S. _wem_.
Wemleȝ, spotless, without blemish.
Wenche, woman, B. 974, 1250; concubine, B. 1716. A.S. _wencle_, a
maid. S.Sax. _wenchell_, a child.
Wende = wened, thought, A. 1148; C. 111.
Wene = ween, believe, A. 47; B. 821; C. 244. A.S. _wénan_.
Wene, doubt, A. 1141.
Weng, avenge, B. 201.
Wenyng, supposition, C. 115.
Wepande, weeping, C. 384.
Weppen, weapon, B. 835.
Wered, guarded, protected, C. 486. A.S. _weren_. Ger. _wehren_,
defend.
Werkeȝ, labours, B. 136.
Werp (_pret._ of _warp_), threw, B. 284.
Werre, war, B. 1178.
Wers, worse, B. 80.
Werte, root, herb, C. 478. A.S. _wyrt_.
Weryng, wearing, age, B. 1123. “_Weryn_ or wax olde, febyl,
veterasco.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Wesch, washed, A. 766.
Westernays, wrongly, A. 307. See Note on this word, p. 106. ?
wiþer-ways, wrong-wise.
Wete, wet, A. 761.
Weue, pass, A. 318.
Weued, cut off (?), B. 222.
Wex (_pret._ of _wax_), became, A. 538; B. 204.
Weȝe, weigh (anchor), C. 103; carry round, B. 1420, 1508. A.S.
_wegan_, to weigh, carry.
Weȝte, weight, B. 1734.
Wham, whom, A. 131.
Whateȝ = watȝ, was, A. 1041.
What-kyn, what kind of, B. 100.
Whichche = hutch, ark, B. 362. “_Hutche_ or _whyche_, cista, archa.”
(Prompt. Parv.) A.S. _hwæcca_.
Whyle, moment, B. 1620.
Wite, blame. See _Wyte_.
With-droȝ, withdrew, A. 658.
With-nay, refuse, deny, A. 916.
Wiȝt = wight, quickly, C. 103. See _Wyȝt_.
Wlate, to abhor, hate, detest, B. 305; to be disgusted at, B. 1501.
A.S. _wlættian_.
Wlatsum, hateful, abominable, B. 541.
{Wlonc, Wlonk,} beautiful, A. 122, 1171; B. 606, 793, 933; C. 486;
good, A. 903. A.S. _wlanc_.
{Wod, Wode,} mad, enraged, B. 204, 1558; foolish, B. 828; fierce,
strong, B. 364; C. 142. A.S. _wód_.
Wodbynde, woodbine, C. 446.
Wodder (_comp._ of _wode_), fiercer, rougher, C. 162.
Woghe, wrong, sin, A. 622. A.S. _woh_.
Wolde = walde, perform, do, A. 812. See _Welde_.
Wolde, would, A. 772.
Wolen, woollen, A. 731.
Wolle, wool, A. 844.
Wombe, belly, B. 462, 1250.
{Won, Wone,} _sb._ dwelling, abode, A. 32, 1049; B. 140, 928; woneȝ,
A. 917, 924; _vb._ to dwell, A. 404, 298; B. 875. A.S. _wunian_.
O.Fris. _wona_.
Won = wone, custom, usage, B. 720. A.S. _wune_.
Wonde, fear, hesitate, B. 855. A.S. _wandian_.
Wonde = wande, delay, cease, A. 153.
“[I wole] for no dethe _wonde_.” --(T. B. 591.)
“I wille noghte _wonde_ for no werre,
To wende whare me likes.” --(Morte Arthure, p. 292.)
“Sua did þis wiif I yow of redd,
Sco folud Joseph ai þar he fledd,
And for sco foluand fand a spurn,
Sco waited him wit a werr turn,
Hirself in godds gram and gilt,
And almast did him to be spilt;
How sco broght him to the fand (trial),
Fforth to telle wil I noght _waand_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 25a.)
Wonder, _adj._ wonderful, A. 1095; B. 153.
Wonderly, wonderfully, B. 570; C. 384.
Woned = waned, decreased, B. 496. A.S. _wanian_, to decrease.
Wonen (_pret. pl._) got, B. 1777.
Wonne, pale, wan, C. 141. A.S. _wonn_, wan.
Wonne, got, A. 32.
Wonnen, begotten, B. 112.
Wonnyng, dwelling, B. 921. See _Won_.
Wont, be wanting, B. 739.
Wony, dwell, abide, live, A. 284; B. 431; C. 462. See _Won_.
Wonyande, dwelling, living, B. 293.
Wonys, dwells, A. 47.
Worche, _vb._ work, labour, A. 511.
Worcher = worker, maker, B. 1501.
Worchyp, honour, B. 1802.
Worded, spoken, uttered, C. 421.
Wore, were, A. 142, 232; B. 928.
Worme, reptile, B. 533.
Worre, weaker, literally, worse, B. 719. O.N. _verr_. Sw. _värre_.
O.Sc. _war_. O.E. _werr_, worse.
Worschyp, honour, A. 394.
Worteȝ, herbs, A. 42. See _Werte_.
Worþe, to be, C. 22.
{Worþely, Worþelych, Worþly, Worþlych, Worþyly,} worthy, A. 47, 846,
1073; B. 471, 651, 1298, 1351; beautiful, C. 475.
Worþloker, more worthy (_comp._ of _worþelych_), C. 464.
{Wost, Woste,} knowest, A. 293, 411; B. 875. See _Wot_.
Wot, know, A. 47, 1107; C. 129.
Wote, knows, C. 397.
Woþe, hurt, harm, B. 855. This word occurs under the forms _quathe_,
_wathe_, and seems to be related to O.E. _qued_. Low Ger. _quat_,
bad. O.E. _wathe_, bad; _wathely_, badly.
“Ffor _woþe_ of þe worse.” --(T. B. 1223.)
Woþe, path, A. 151, 375. A.S. _wáth_, _wáthu_. O.E. _wathe_, a way,
path. See extract under the word _Wasturne_.
{Wowe, Woȝe,} wall, A. 1049; B. 832, 839, 1403, 1531. A.S. _wáh_.
“_Wowe_ or wal, murus.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Wrache, vengeance, B. 204, 229; C. 185. A.S. _wrec_, _wracu_.
Wrak (_pret._ of _wreke_), avenged, B. 570.
Wrake, vengeance, B. 213, 235, 718, 970, 1225.
Wrakful, angry, bitter, B. 302, 541.
Wrang, wrong, A. 15; B. 76; wrongly, A. 488, 631; bad, C. 384.
Wraste (_pret._ of _wreste_), raised, uplifted, B. 1166, 1403; thrust,
1802; C. 80.
{Wrastel, Wrastle,} wrestle, B. 949; C. 141.
Wraþe, become angry, B. 230; C. 74; make angry, B. 719.
Wraȝte, wrought, A. 56.
Wrech = wrache, vengeance, B. 230.
{Wrech, Wreche, Wrechche,} wretch, B. 84, 828; C. 113.
Wrech, wretched, C. 258. A.S. _wrec_, wretched. With _wrech_ and
_wretched_, cf. _wik_ and _wikked_.
{Wrek, Wreke,} avenged, B. 198.
Wrenche, device, B. 292. A.S. _wrence_.
Wro, passage; literally, corner, A. 866. O.Sw. _wraa_. Dan. _vraa_.
Wroken, (_pret._ of _wreke_), banished, exiled, A. 375. A.S. _wrecan_,
to exile, banish.
Wrot (_pret._ of _wrote_), grubbed up, C. 467. A.S. _wrótan_, to turn
up with the snout; _wrót_, a snout.
“With wrathe he begynnus to _wrote_,
He ruskes vppe mony a rote
With tusshes of iij. fote.” --(Avowynge of Arthur, xii. 13.)
Wroþe, fierce, B. 1676. A.S. _wráth_, wroth, enraged.
Wroþeloker (_comp._ of _wroþely_), more fiercely, angrily, C. 132.
{Wroþely, Wroþly,} angrily, fiercely, B. 280, 949; C. 132.
Wroþer (_comp._ of _wroþe_), fiercer, C. 162.
{Wroȝt, Wroȝte,} wrought, worked, A. 525, 748.
Wruxeled, raised, B. 1381. _Wrixle_ = change, turn, occurs in T. B.
445.
“Þis unwarnes of wit _wrixlis_ hys mynd.”
Wryst, B. 1535.
Wryt, B. 1552.
Wryþe, turn, A. 350, 488; wriggle, B. 533; toil, A. 511; bind, thrust,
C. 80. A.S. _writhan_, to writhe, bind, twist. “_Writhen_ like a
wilde eddur.” T. B. 4432.
Wunder, B. 1390.
Wunnen, won, B. 1305.
Wyche, B. 1577.
Wyche-crafte, B. 1560.
Wyddere, wither, C. 468.
Wydowande (_wyndowande_), withering, dry, B. 1048; _wyndowand_ = burnt
up. N.Prov.E. _winny_, to dry, burn up.
Wyke, member, part, B. 1690. O.N. _vik_.
{Wykke, Wyk,} wicked, B. 908, 1063. A.S. _wícan_, to become weak, to
yield. O.N. _víkia_.
{Wykket, Wyket,} wicket, gate, door, B. 501, 857.
{Wyl, Wylle,} wandering, C. 473; forlorn, B. 76. O.N. _villa_, error;
_villa_, to lead astray, beguile. Phrase, _wille o wan_, astray from
abode, uncertain where to go; _wil-sum_, _wil-ful_, lonely,
solitary, desert.
“So I _wilt_ in the wod.” --(T. B. 2359.)
“Adam went out ful _wille_ o wan.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7a.)
“All wery I wex and _wyle_ of my _gate_.” --(T. B. 2369.)
“Sone ware thay _willid_ fra the way the wod was so thick.”
--(K. Alex. p. 102.)
“Sorful bicom þat fals file (the devil)
And thoght how he moght man _bi-wille_;
Agains God wex he sa gril,
Þat alle his werk he wend to spil.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 5b.)
“His suns þat (we) of forwit melt,
Al þe werld bituix þam delt;
Asie to Sem, to Cham Affrik,
To Japhet Europ þat _wilful_ wike:
Al þer þre þai war ful rike.” --(_Ibid._ fol. 13a.)
Wyldren = wyldern (?), waste, wilderness, C. 297. A.S. _wild_, wild,
and _ærn_, a place (?). See _Wasturne_.
“In _wildrin_ land and in wastin,
I wil tham (the Israelites) bring of þair nocin;
Bot wel I wat he (Pharaoh) is ful thra,
Lath sal him think to let þam ga.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 33a.)
Wylsfully, wilfully, B. 268.
Wylger, wild, fierce, B. 375. See extract under the word _Note_.
Wylle, forlorn, B. 76. See _Wyl_.
Wylnes, apostacy, B. 231.
Wylneȝ, desirest (_2d pers. sing_ of _wylne_), A. 318. A.S. _wilnian_.
Wyly, curiously, craftily, B. 1452. A.S. _wile_, a device.
Wyndas, windlass, C. 103.
Wyndowe, B. 453.
Wynne, joyful, A. 154. A.S. _wyn_, pleasure, delight.
Wynne, obtain, get, A. 579; B. 617. A.S. _winnan_. See T. B. 1165.
Wynnelych, gracious, B. 1807, Cp. _wynly_ = dexterously, 1165.
Wyrde, fate, destiny, A. 249, 273; B. 1224. Sc. _wird_. A.S. _wyrd_.
Wyrle, flew, B. 475.
Wyschande, hoping for, wishing, A. 14.
Wyse, manner, A. 1095; _wyses_, B. 1805.
{Wyse, Wysse,} show, appear, A. 1135, B. 1564; direct, send out,
B. 453; instruct, C. 60. A.S. _wissian_.
{Wyst, Wyste,} knew, A. 376; B. 152.
Wyt, wisdom, B. 348; C. 129.
Wyt, know, learn, B. 1319, 1360. A.S. _witan_.
Wyte, blame, B. 76; C. 501. A.S. _wítian_.
Wyte, pass away (?), C. 397. A.S. _wítan_.
Wyter, true, truly, B. 1552. O.N. _vitr_, wise, prudent.
“& her ice wile shæwenn ȝaw
Summ þing to _witter_ tákenn.” --(Ormulum, vol. i. p. 115.)
“Ne þe nedder was noght bitter
Þan, þowf he was ever _witter_;
Ffor of alle, als sheus þe boke,
Mast he cuth o crafte and crok.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 5b.)
Wytered, informed, B. 1587.
Wyterly, truly, B. 171, 1567. Dan. _vitterlig_, known, manifest.
Wyþe, gentle, soft, C. 454. A.S. _wéthe_, soft, pleasant.
Wyþer, contrary, opposite, A. 230; adverse, hostile, C. 48. S.Sax.
_witherr_, adverse, evil. A.S. _witherian_, to oppose, resist.
Cf. _wetheruns_ = _wetherings_, enemies, T. B. 5048.
“Ga, _witherr_ gast, o bacch fra me.” --(Ormulum, vol. ii. p. 41.)
Wyþerly, fiercely, angrily, B. 198; C. 74.
Wyth-halde, withhold, B. 740.
Wythouten, without, A. 390.
Wytles, foolish, B. 1585; C. 113.
Wytte, meaning, B. 1630; wit, A. 294; _wytteȝ_, devices, B. 515.
{Wyȝ, Wyȝe,} person, being, A. 131, 579; B. 545. A.S. _wiga_,
a warrior, soldier; _wig_, war.
Wyȝt, quick, quickly, B. 617; C. 103. O.E. _wight_. Sw. _vig_, active.
Wyȝtly, quickly, B. 908.
“He waites vmbe hym _wightly_.” --(T. B. 876.)
Ydropike, dropsical, B. 1096.
Yle, isle, A. 693.
Ylle, bad, evil, C. 8.
Ynde, blue, A. 1016; B. 1411.
“Þe toiþer heu neist (to grennes) for to find,
Es al o _bleu_, men cals it _ynd_.”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 53a.)
Yow, you, A. 287.
Yor, your, A. 761.
Yre, anger, B. 775, 1240.
Yþe, wave, B. 430; C. 147. A.S. _ythu_, a wave, flood. S.Sax. _uthe_.
“Þe roghe _yþes_.” --T. B. 1045.
Yȝe, eye (_pl._ _yȝen_), A. 254, 302.
Ȝare = yare, plainly, accurately, A. 834. A.S. _gearo_, ready,
prepared, accurate.
Ȝark, _adj._ select, B. 652; prepare, B. 1708; _vb._ to grant, B. 758.
A.S. _gearcian_, to prepare, make ready. See T. B. 414.
Ȝarm, cry, B. 971. As the character ȝ in these poems always represents
_g_ or _gh_, _ȝarm_ is evidently not derived from the A.S. _cyrm_,
noise, retained in O.E. _charm_, a humming noise, the cry of birds,
etc., but is from the Welsh _garm_, shout, outcry; _garmio_, to set
up a cry, from which the A.S. _cyrm_, is itself derived.
Ȝate, gate, A. 1034.
Ȝe, ye, A. 381.
Ȝede (_pret._ of _go_), went, A. 526, 1049; B. 432.
Ȝederly, quickly, soon, B. 463. O.N. _gedugr_, exceedingly. The
adjective _ȝeder_ does not occur in the poems, but was not unknown
to O.E. literature. It occurs in the glossary to the Romance of King
Alexander, ed. Stevenson, but is left unexplained by the editor.
“Then bownes agayn the bald kyng, baldly he wepis,
That he so skitly suld skifte and fo his skars terme;
So did his princes, sais the profe, for pete of himselfe,
With _ȝedire_ ȝoskinges and ȝerre ȝette out to grete.”
(p. 172.)
“_Ȝedire ȝoskinges_ = great (frequent) sobbings.”
Ȝelde, yield, perform, B. 665.
Ȝellyng = yelling, outcry, B. 971. A.S. _geallian_, to yell.
“_Ȝellyn’_ or hydowsly cryin’, Vociferor.” (Prompt. Parv.)
Ȝeme, protect, guard, B. 1242, 1493. A.S. _géman_, to care for, take
care of.
Ȝemen, yeomen, A. 535.
Ȝender, yonder, B. 1617.
{Ȝep, Ȝepe,} quick, active, bold, B. 796, 881. A.S. _gæp_.
“So yonge & so _ȝepe_.” T. B. 357.
Ȝeply, quickly, B. 665, 1708. See T. B. 414.
{Ȝer, Ȝere,} year, A. 483, 588.
Ȝerne = yearn, desire, A. 1190; B. 66, 758.
Ȝestande, B. 846. If from the A.S. _gæston_, “afflicted,” we may
render this term “afflicting,” but if, as is more probable, it is
from the A.S. _gist_, froth, yeast, we may explain it as “frothing,”
“overflowing.” Cf. the phrase, “the _yesty_ waves.”
Ȝete, offer, give, A. 558. O.E. _yate_ (_pret._ _yatte_). O.N. _géta_.
“He _yatte_ hir freli al hir bone (prayer).”
--(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 47a.)
_Gate_, in T. B. 979, seems to mean a request.
“And he hir graunted þat _gate_ with a good wille.”
Ȝete, yet, A. 1061.
Ȝeȝed, spoke, B. 846. Prov. Ger. _gaggen_, to stutter, gabble.
Ȝif, if, B. 758.
Ȝise, truly, yes, C. 117.
Ȝisterday, yesterday, B. 463.
Ȝokke, yoke, B. 66.
Ȝolden, restored, B. 1708.
Ȝolpe, _vb._ boast, B. 846. A.S. _gilpan_.
Ȝomerly, sorrowful, lamentable, B. 971. A.S. _geomor_, sad;
_geomorlíc_, doleful. Cf. _ȝomeryng_, T. B. 1722.
Ȝon, yon, A. 693; B. 772.
Ȝonde, yonder, B. 721.
{Ȝong, Ȝonge,} young, A. 412, 474; B. 783.
Ȝore, before, A. 586. A.S. _geara_.
Ȝore-fader, forefather, A. 322.
Ȝore-whyle, ere-while, B. 842.
Ȝornen (_3rd pers. pl. pret._), ran, B. 881. A.S. _ge-yrnan_, to run.
Ȝyrd, go, hasten, A. 635. The original meaning of _ȝyrd_ is perhaps a
sudden sting, blow, hence to strike, then to start forward. Goth.
_gazd_, a sting, goad. Lat. _hasta_. O.E. _gird_, to strike.
“_Gird_ out the grete teth of the grym best.” --(T. B. 177.)