and afterwards altered to _Yucalpeten_. This latter occurs as a name
applied to the peninsula, or a portion of it, in a number of passages of
the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel. These have been quoted by the
Canon Crescencio Carrillo in a recent work (_Historia Antigua de
Yucatan_, pp. 137, 140, Merida, 1882), to support his view that the name
Yucatan is an abbreviation of Yucalpeten.
Apart from the difficulty of explaining such an extensive abbreviation,
which is not at all in the spirit of the Maya tongue, the words of Pech
in this section and Sec. 33 conclusively prove that the two names are
entirely distinct in origin. Carrillo is of opinion that _yucal_ should
be divided into _y_, _u_, _cal_, and he translates the name "la perla de
la garganta de la tierra o continente." This appears far-fetched.
_Yocal_ is probably merely _yoc hail_, upon the water (_il_,
determinative ending denoting what water); hence _yocal peten_, the
region upon the water, applied to Yucatan or some part of its coast
district. The _h_ is nearly mute and frequently elided, as in _ocola_
(_ocol haa_) to baptize.
A prophecy of the priest Pech, which is perhaps the one here referred
to, appears in several of the Books of Chilan Balam, and also Spanish
translations of it in the Histories of Lizana and Cogolludo, and a
French version in Brasseur's report of the _Mission Scientifique au
Mexique_, etc.
The text is quite corrupt, but I insert it as I have emended it from a
comparison of three copies.
U THAN AHAU PECH AHKIN.
Tu kinil uil u natabal kine,
Yume ti yokcab te ahtepal.
Uale can[c]it u katunil,
Uchi uale hahal pul.
Tu kin kue yoklal u kaba,
In kubene yume.
Ti a-uich-ex tu bel a uliah, Ahitza,
U yum cab ca ulom.
Than tu chun ahau Pech ahkin,
Tu kinil uil can ahau katun,
Uale tan hi[c]il u katunil.
THE WORD OF THE LORD PECH, THE PRIEST.
At that time it will be well to know the tidings,
Of the Lord, the ruler of the world.
After four katuns,
Then will occur the bringing of the truth.
At that time one who is a god by his name,
I deliver to you as a lord.
Be your eyes on the road for your guest, Men of Itza,
When the lord of the earth shall come.
The word of the first lord, Pech, the priest,
At the time of the fourth katun,
At the end of the katun.
The only line in which I have taken much liberty with the text is the
fifth, where, after the word _kue_, one MS. reads: _yok taa ba akauba_,
and another, _yok lac kauba_, neither of which is intelligible.
If the date assigned in these lines be a correct one, they were
delivered by the prophet in 1469. It is not impossible. The words are
obscure and the prediction so indistinct that it might quite well have
been made by an official augur at that time.
31. Nachi Cocom, head of the ancient and powerful Cocom family, ruled at
Zotuta when Montejo made his settlement at Merida, and was a determined
enemy of the Spaniards. He was defeated in 1542, in a sanguinary battle,
and then accepted terms of peace. I have in my possession the copy of a
survey which he made of the lands of the town of Zotuta in 1545, when he
was evidently on good terms with the Conquerors.
32. The names Chan, Catzim and Chul belong to well known ancient
Yucatecan families, and many who bear them are still found among the
natives (Berendt, _Nombres Proprios en Lengua Maya_, MS.)[TN-33]
The words Zacuholpatal Zacmutixtun are rendered by Avila as proper
names, and I have followed his example. I have not found a satisfactory
explanation of them.
33. The day _One Imix_ was a day of peculiar sanctity in ancient
Yucatan. Landa makes the rather unintelligible assertion that the count
of their days, or their calendar, invariably commenced on that day
(_Relacion_, p. 236).
Imix is the 18th day of the month, and it is possibly[TN-34] that it and
the two following days were used for intercalary days.
More to the purpose of explaining the prophecy in the text is the
statement of Francisco Hernandez, who, as reported by Bishop Las Casas,
relates that in the mythology of the Mayas, the god or gods Bacab, those
who support the four corners of the heaven and who are identified with
the "year bearers" or Dominical days of the calendar, died on the day
One Imix, and after three days came to life again. (Las Casas, _Historia
Apologetica de las Indias Occidentales_, cap. CXXIII.) This has
reference apparently to the intercalary days Imix, Ik, and Akbal, which
were counted so as to allow the next Kin Katun period to begin on
I[TN-35] Kan. I have explained this theory fully in a paper, "Notes on
the Codex Troano and Maya Chronology," in the _American Naturalist_,
Sept. 1881. Naturally this was supposed by the Spanish missionaries to
be a reference to Christian traditions.
_Ca tip u chemob_, when the ships were rocking; _tipil_ represents the
slipping and sliding movement of a partially submerged or hidden body;
thus the beating of the heart and the pulse is _tipilac_. _Ca yumtah
banderas ob_, when the banners waved; _yumtah_ is to swing to and fro as
a hamack or a flag. _Piixtahob_, from _pixitah_, to unreel or reel off
yarn, etc., from a spindle. I suppose it refers to letting go the
anchor.
The derivation of the name Yucatan here given is interesting, for
several reasons. In the first place, it makes it evident that Pech did
not believe it was an abbreviation of Yucalpeten (see ante, page 255).
Again, although it has very often been stated that the name arose from a
misunderstanding of some native words by the Spaniards, there has been
no uniformity of opinion as to what these words were. Several of the
phrases suggested have been such as have no meaning in the Maya tongue;
(see full discussions of the question in Eligio Ancona, _Historia de
Yucatan_, Vol. I, pp. 219, 220, and Crescencio Carrillo, _Historia
Antigua de Yucatan_, cap. V.) As given by Pech it is perfectly
intelligible and good Maya. Without syncope it would be "_Matan ca ubah
a than_" shortened to "_Ma c'ubah than_,[TN-36] "We do not understand
your speech." Pech is in error, however, in supposing that the name
arose on the arrival of Montejo; it was in use immediately after the
expedition of Cordova (1517), and if Bernal Diaz was correct in his
recollection, was applied to the land by the Indians Cordova brought
back to Cuba with him from the Bay of Campeachy. (See Bernal Diaz,
_Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de Nueva Espana_, cap. VII.)
34. This is no doubt the same occurrence which is described at
considerable length by Cogolludo, _Hist. de Yucatan_, Lib. III, cap. VI.
But the details differ very much and the names of the messengers and the
chief to whom they were sent are not identical. I believe this
discrepancy can be explained, but it would extend this note too far to
go into the subject here. The word _yacatunzabin_, which Avila renders
"en dicha cueva," seems a compound of _y_, _actun_, _zabin_. The last is
the name of the weasel; _actun_ means both a cave and a stone house. By
some it is supposed to be a compound of _ac_, tortoise, and _tun_,
stone, a cave resembling a hollow tortoise shell.
35. _Yoklal maix u lukul yol nacomob_, "porque no se cansaban los
capitanes" (Avila).
36. Pech adds a list of the names of Conquistadores which I have not
inserted, as it is less complete than that found in Cogolludo.
39. _Ma u manbal cuntahbalob u c[=h]inal_; Avila translates this "that
they shall not destroy"; but the word _cuntahbal_, from _cun_, _cumtah_,
means that which is to be enchanted, and _c[=h]inal_ is the throwing of
stones. I suppose, therefore, it refers to some act of shamanism the
design of which was to injure a neighbor.
FOOTNOTES:
[190-1] See his _Informe acerca de las Ruinas de Mayapan y de Uxmal_
[191-1] "<sc>Chijcxulub</sc>: poner los cuernos; hacer cabron a uno: _u chiicah
bin u xulub u lak_; diz que puso los cuernos a su companero o proximo;
que se aprobecho de su muger o manceba," _Diccionario de Motul, MS._
[194-1] Tekom.
[195-1] nacon Cupul.
[196-1] matanon.
[196-2] Tipikal.
[198-1] hauah.
[201-1] cochlahal.
[201-2] yokolcab.
[202-1] tzolic.
[202-2] xanhi.
[202-3] utznac.
[203-1] tubalob.
[204-1] yotochob nacon.
[204-2] tiobi.
[206-1] ahe[c]il.
[206-2] tiihil.
[206-3] chunbez.
[207-1] chunbez.
[207-2] chabil.
[208-1] ociha.
[208-2] ezabil.
[208-3] [c]iboltahob.
[209-1] mulbaobe.
[210-1] ocol cah.
[210-2] panob.
[211-1] a--ciil--ex.
[211-2] yilahob.
[211-3] tzimin.
[211-4] ahactunob.
[211-5] actunzabin.
[212-1] [c]a uinalalob.
[212-2] chiic.
[213-1] tzoloc.
[214-1] beltahob.
VOCABULARY.
A
Ac, n. A turtle; a turtle shell.
Actun, n. (From _ac_, turtle shell, _tun_, stone.) A cave; a stone
house.
Ah, A prefix signifying possession or action; also sign of masculine.
See pp. 28, 57.
Ahau, n. (From _ah_, prefix, and _u_, collar? See p. 57.) A ruler,
chief, king; a period of time.
Ahbalcab, n. The coming dawn. "Quiere amanescer." _Dicc. Motul._
Ahez, n. (From _ah_, prefix, _ezah_, to show, to feign.) A sorcerer,
magician.
Ahkin, n. (From _ah_, and _kin_, the sun, day, etc.) A priest.
Ahkulel, n. (From _ah_ and _kulel_, to arrange business, etc.) A
lieutenant, deputy. pp. 27, 247.
Ahoni, n. Well-dressed persons. p. 173.
Ahpul, n[TN-37] One who carries or bears.
Ahpulul, n. He or that which is carried or brought.
Ahtepal, n. A ruler, governor.
Ahtohil, n. A lover of justice; a righteous man.
Ahuitzil, n. Mountaineers. p. 131.
Ak, n. Osiers, willow branches. "Ramo de miembre." Pio Perez. _Dicc._
Akab, n. Night, the night time.
Al, n. Son or daughter of a woman. _Yal_, her son.
Alah, v[TN-38] pres. _alic_, fut. _alab_. To speak, say, tell, order.
Alau, A numeral. p. 46.
Anahte.[TN-39] n. A book. p. 64.
Atan, n. Wife.
Auat, v. aor. _autah_, fut. _aute_. To shout, to sing. "Dar gritos."
B
Bahun, adv. How much.
Bak, n.
1. Meat, flesh; the private parts.
2. The number 400.
3. The turn of a rope around anything.
4. In composition, an intensive particle, or conveys the idea of
enveloping with cords.
Bal _or_ Baal, n. Thing, business, matter.
Balam, n. A tiger; a priest. p. 69.
Baalcah, n. The town and its inhabitants; the world. "El mundo con los
que en el viven." _Dicc. Motul._
Ban _or_ Banban, adv. Much, too much.
Batab, n. Chief, ruler. See p. 26.
Be _or_ Bel, n. A path, a road; a business; condition; history.
Beltah _or_ Beel _or_ Betah, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To do, to make.
Binel, v. irreg. aor. _bini_, fut. _binxic_. To go.
Bolon, Nine.
Botah, v. To pay.
Buc, n. Covering, clothing.
Buluc, Ten.
Buul, n. A broad bean.
C
Ca, adv. Then, when.
conj. And.
pron. We.
adj. Two.
Caan, n. The sky, the heavens.
Cab, n.
1. Land, earth. p. 106.
2. Honey; a hive.
Cacab, n. A town and the land belonging to it; a township, commune.
Cah, n. A town, village.
Cah, part. A suffix and sign of the present and imperfect tenses, p. 29.
Cahal, n. A town, village.
v. To reside, live in or at.
Cahtal, v. aor. _cahlahi_, f. _calac_. To live, dwell, reside.
Cal, n. Throat, neck; voice; in compos. an intensive particle.
Calab, A numeral. p. 45.
Cambezah, v. To teach, to instruct.
Can, n.
1. Conversation, talk.
2. The generic name for serpents.
3. The number four.
4. A gift or present.
Can, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To converse, to tell stories. aor. _ah_,
fut. e[TN-40]. To teach, to impart information; to give another a
contagious disease.
Can, part. in compos. Strongly, powerfully, as _cankax_, to tie very
firmly.
Canantah, v. To watch, to guard over.
Canlaahal, v. To learn about.
Caputzihil, n. Baptism (_ca_, twice, _zihil_, to be born; an ancient
word; see Landa, _Relacion_, p. 144).
Catac, conj. And; used to connect numerals. p. 49.
Caten, adv. The second time. _Tu caten_, for the second time. (From
_ca_, _two_.)
Catul, adv. Two. _Tu catulli_, both, the two.
Caua, conj. And, then.
Cax, n. A fowl, a hen.
Caxan, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To seek, to find, to hunt for.
Caxtun, adv. Then, be it so, thus.
Ceh, n. A deer.
Cen, v. irreg. aor. _cihi_, fut. _ciac_. To say, to tell.
Ci, Cici, part. These prefixes mean pleasant, agreeable; originally,
what is pleasant to taste.
Cibah, v. aor. _cibhi_, fut. _cibic_. To wish, to permit, to dare. _U
cibah ua a yum._ Did your father permit it?
Cicithan, n. (From _cici_, pleasant, _than_, words.) Words of love or
blessing.
Ciciol, n. (From _cici_ and _ol_.) Joy, pleasure, peace, happiness.
Cii, n. The pulque liquor. See p. 22.
Cill, n. Delight, pleasure.
Cilich, adj. Saintly, holy.
Cob, v. 3d pl. pres. indic. of _cen_.[TN-41]
Cimil, v. To die.
Coch, in comp. Conveys the notion of extending or broadening.
Cochhal _or_ Cochlahal, v. To make broad, to extend, to spread out.
Cuch, n.
1. Position, place.
2. Burden, load; _met_. sin.
3. Goods, possessions, treasures.
Cuch, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_.
1. To carry, to bear along.
2. To govern a town or state.
Cuchcabal, n. A province, region; the family, people or subjects of one
ruler.
Cuchhab, n. The year-bearer or Dominical sign. p. 52.
Cuchi. Sign of past tense. p. 29.
Cuchul, n. The family or retainers of one person. "La familia o gente
que uno tiene en su casa." _Dicc. Motul._
Cul, n. A vase or cup.
Culcinah, v. To appoint, to promote, to establish; _culcintahaan_,
appointed or promoted to an office or dignity.
Cultal _or_ Cutal, v. aor. _culhi_, fut. _culac_. To sit down, remain,
be present, be at home, etc.
Culul _or_ Cuulul _or_ Culicil, v. To rest or stop; to reside, to settle
down.
Cum _or_ Cuum, n. A vase, jar.
Cumcintah, v. To prepare for use, to put in order. Probably a form of
_culcinah_.
Cumlaahaal, v. To stop, to check.
Cumtal, v. aor. _lahi_, fut. _ac_. To set up, to put in a place.
Cun _or_ Cunah _or_ Cunal, n. Enchantment, sorcery, conjury. _Au ohel
ua_ u _cunal c[=h]uplal?_ Do you know the conjury of a woman? _Dicc.
Motul_ (_i. e._, to make her submit to the will of a man).
Cuntabal, Passive supine; from _cunah_, to conjure.
Cutz, n. The wild turkey,[TN-42]
Ch.
Chac, n. Water, rain, a giant, a god.
adj. red. In comp. much or very.
Chacaan, n. Something plain, open, visible.
Chacanhal, v. To become visible, to show itself.
Chahal, v. To lose strength, to weaken.
Chakan, n. A savanna. p. 125.
Chapahal, v. To sicken.
Chayanil, n. The rest, the remainder.
Che, n. A tree; wood; _adj._[TN-43] wooden.
Chem, n. A boat, a ship.
Chen, adv. Solely, only, merely.
Chenbel, adv. Vainly, fruitlessly.
Chi, n. The mouth; a border, limit, edge; a bite, as _u chi pek_, the
bite of a dog.
verb, to bite, to eat.
Chicilbezah, v. To set landmarks, to point out.
Chichcunah, v. To strengthen, to fortify.
Chichcunahthan, v. To support another's words, to agree with, to act in
concert with. p. 107.
Chicul, n. A sign, mark, token.
Chikin, n. The West.
Chicpahal, v. aor. _pahi_, fut. _pahac_. To find, to discover, to
recover that which is lost; "parecer lo perdido." Pio Perez, _Dicc._
Chilan, n. An interpreter, p. 69.
Chin, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To stone, to throw stones at.
Chin, adj. A term of endearment.
Chinchin, v. To incline, lean over, be out of line.
Choy, n. A bucket; _choyche_, a wooden bucket.
Chuuc _or_ Chuc, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To grasp, seize, to take
possession of.
Chucan, n. Completeness, sufficiency, abundance.
Chuccabil, n. A province, district.
Chul, n. A flute.
Chulub, n. Rain water; reservoirs.
Chun, n. Foundation; trunk (of a tree); beginning; cause.
Chunbezah, v. To cause, to occasion, to begin.
Chunthan, n. (From _chun_, first, _than_; speech, he who speaks first.)
A principal, a presiding officer.
C[=h]
C[=h]aa, _or_ C[=h]taab, v. aor. _c[=h]aah_, fut. _chae_.
1. To take, to carry; to carry off; hence to kill.
2. To recover that which is lost.
C[=h]ahucil or[TN-44] C[=h]uhucil, n. Sweets.
C[=h]een, n. Lowland; well. pp. 33, 125.
C[=h]ibal, n. Lineage, generation.
C[=h]uplal, n. Woman, girl.
C[=h]uytab, v. To hang.
E
Et, A particle indicating similitude. As a verb, to hold alike in the
two hands. Hence,
_eta_, friend;
_etel_, companion;
_etan_, wife;
_etcah_, fellow townsman;
_yetel_, and, with, etc.
Ez, n. Enchanter, sorcerer.
Ezah, v. To show, to make public; to imitate, feign.
_Ezabil_, what is to be or should be shown or published.
H
Haa, n. Water.
Haab, n. Year. p. 50.
Haban, n. Branch, twig. p. 126.
Hach, adv. Much, very.
Hahal, adj. and adv. True, truly.
Halach, adj, and n. True, truth;
_halach than_, an oath;
_halach uinic_. p. 26.
Halal, n. The cane.
Hanal, v. aor. _hani_, fut. _hanac_. To eat.
Haual, v. aor. _haui_, fut. _hauac_. To cease, to stop.
Hayal, v. To level with the ground, to destroy; from _hay_, thin, flat;
hence
_hayalcab_, the final end and destruction of the world.
He[c] _or_ E[c], v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To fix firmly, to establish, to
found; to select a site.
He[c]cab, v. To fix or establish promptly; "poner o afirmar o asentar de
presto alguna cosa que quede ferme." _Dicc. Motul._
Hic[=h]cal, v. To tie up by the neck, to hang.
Hi[c] _or_ Hi[c]il, n. The close or last of the week, month, or year, as
_u hi[c]il buluc ahau katun_, the last day of the eleventh Ahau katun.
_Chilan Balam._
Ho, adj. Five.
Hokol, v. aor. _hoki_. To set out for, to go out from; of seeds, to
sprout; of the beard, etc., to begin to grow.
Hokzahuba, v. To take oneself away from.
Hol, n. The end of anything, hence the door of a house, the gate of a
town, the mouth of a bag or jar, a hole, an aperture;
verb, sensu obscoeno, to seduce a girl, to penetrate her. _Dicc. Motul._
Holcan, n. A warrior;
adj. brave, valiant.
Holhaa, n. A seaport. See _haa_.
Holpay, n. A seaport. See _pay_.
Holpop, n. A chieftain (from _hol_ and _pop_, mat); "he who is at the
end or head of the mat."
Hom, n. A trumpet.
Hoppol, v. To begin.
Hun, adj. One.
Hunakbu, n. The one God.
Hunkul, adv. Once and forever, really, permanently.
Hunmol, adj. United together, congregated in one place[TN-45]
Hunten, adv. On one occasion, at one time.
Huun, n. A book. p. 63.
I.
Ich, n.
1. Face; eyes; twins; surface.
2. Fruit; longing; color.
Ich, prep. In, into, within.
Ilah v. aor. _ilah_, fut. _ile_.[TN-46] or _ilab_. To see, to look at, to
visit, to test, to try.
Ix, fem. prefix. See page 28;
conj. and also n. urine.
Ixim, n. Maize.
Ixmehen, n. A daughter.
K.
Kaan, n. A measure. p. 27.
Kab, n. The hand, the arm.
Kaba, n. A name. See p. 26.
Kabanzah, v. To give a name.
Kah, n. Pinole, meal of roasted maize, used for stirring in water
to drink.
Kahal, v. To remember, recall.
Kahlay, n. Memory, memorial, record.
Kak, n. Fire; also a febrile disease.
Kaknab, n. The sea, the ocean.
Kal, n. A score. p. 39;
verb, to imprison.
Kam _or_ Kamah, v. To accept, receive; to take possession of.
Kan, adj. Yellow.
n. The name of the first day of the Maya month.
Kat, v. To wish, to desire. To ask, to ask for, to inquire.
Katun, n. A body of warriors; a period of time. p. 58.
Kax, n. Forest, woods.
Kaxah, v. To join, unite, tie together.
Kay _or_ Kayah, v. To sing.
Keban, n. Sin, evil.
Kebanthan, v. To plot evil, to calumniate; to commit treason;
"kebanthanil, traicion." _Dicc. Motul._
Kilacale, n. Ancestors.
Kin, n. The sun; a day; time.
Kinchil. A numeral. p. 46.
Koch _or_ Kooch, v. To carry on the shoulders as a burden,
hence, _fig._ n. obligation, fault, sickness.
Kohan, n. Sickness.
Ku, n. God, divinity.
Kubulte, n. Delivery, deposit.
Kuchul, v. aor. _kuchi_, fut. _kuchuc_. To arrive, to come to.
Kul, in comp. much, very; _kulvinic_. pp. 133, 164.
Kuna, n. (From _ku_, god, _na_, house). A temple, a church.
Kuuch, n. Cotton threads.
Kuxil, n. Aversion, disgust, annoyance;
verb, to feel disgust at.
Kuyan, adj. Consecrated to God, holy.
L
Lahal, v. To finish, to end.
Lahca. Twelve.
Lahun. Ten. p. 38.
Lai _or_ Lay, rel. and dem. pron. This, that, these, those, which, what,
etc.
Lak, n. Companion, neighbor.
Lic _or_ Licil, rel. In which, by which.
Likil, v. To rise, to raise; as _likil katun_, to begin war.
Likin _or_ Lakin, n. The East.
Likul, prep. From, out of.
Likzah, v. To lift up, to raise; _likzahuba_, to raise oneself.
Loh, v. To redeem, to set at liberty.
Lohil, n. The Redeemer, the Saviour.
Lukanil, n. That which is set apart or separated.
Lukul, v. aor. _luki_, fut. _lukuc_. To leave a place, to depart from,
go out of.
Lukzah, v. To free, to separate from; _lukzahuba_, to quit, to abstain
from.
M
Ma, adv. No, not. From this are the negatives, _matan_, not, emphatic;
_mato_, _matac_, _maina_, not even; _maix_, _matla_, neither; _mamac_,
no one; _manan_, without, etc.
Mac, rel. pron. Who.
Maccah, v. To obstruct, close up roads, etc.
Hence _macan_ p. p. p. that which is obstructed.
Mach, v. aor. _ah_, fut. _e_. To take with the hand, to hold in the
hand.
Mactzil, adj. Marvelous, miraculous; n. a miracle, an act of Providence.
(From _mac_, most, and _tzibil_, to be obeyed or reverenced.)
Mak, v. To eat soft things, to eat without chewing.
Mal _or_ Malel, v. aor. _mani_, fut. _manac_. To pass.
Manak, n. A sign or mark.
Manal, adv. Too much, in excess.
Manbal, adv. Nothing.
Mat, v. To receive, obtain.
Maya, n. Derivation of. p. 16.
Mayacimil, n. The pestilence. p. 132.
Mazcab, n. A prison, gaol.
Mazeual, n. Vassal, servant. Nahuatl, _maceualli_.
Mehen, n. A son.
Mek, n. An armful, hence
Mektantah, _or_ Mektanma, v. To hold in one's power, to rule, govern.
Mektancah, n. Jurisdiction, municipality.
Mektanmail, n. A ruler, governor.
Mentah, v. To make, manufacture.
Menyah, v. To work, serve.
n. Work, service.
Met, n. A wheel. p. 86.
Mex _or_ Meex, n. The beard.
Meyah, v. To serve, to labor for one.
Minantal, v. p. p. minaan.[TN-47] To lack, to be absent or wanting, not
to have.
Molcintah, v. To gather together, join, unite.
Moltah, v. To gather around.
Mothtal, v. To humble, to submit.
Muk, n. Fortitude, bravery.
Muktan, v. To suffer with fortitude.
Mul _or_ Mol, part. in comp. Jointly, in common.
Mulba, v. To congregate, to come together.
Multepal, v. To rule or govern jointly. p. 131.
Muz, v. To cut.
N
Na, n. A house, not designating whose.
Naat, v. To know, understand.
Nacal, v. To ascend. p. 28.
Nachi, adv. Far off, distant.
Nacpalancal, v. To grope, to feel one's way.
Nah, v. To suit, wish, desire; _nahuba_, to suit, etc., for oneself.
Nak, n. The abdomen, belly, the end; verb. to end, finish; to join, to
stick; _tu nak_, at the end, near, close to.
Nakal, v. To approach, to join on.
Nant, v. See _Naat_.
Noh, adj. Great, large.
Nohkakil, n. Smallpox. p. 132.
Nohoch, adj. Great, large.
Nohol, n. The South.
Nuc, adj. Great, large.
Nuc, v. To answer;
n. an answer.
Nuctah, v. To understand, perceive.
Nucte, adj. Old, ancient; _nucteel_, the elders and leading men of a
town.
Nucul, n. Signification, meaning; manner, form, figure.
Numya, n. Toil, misery, unhappiness.
Nucahthan, v. To reply, to answer.
Nupthan, n. Companion, associate.
O
Oc, n. The foot; _yooc_ his foot, their feet.
Oca _or_ Ochaa _or_ Ocolha, (From v. _ocol_, to enter, _haa_, water,) To
baptize.
Ocnakuchil, n. A pestilence. p. 151.
Ocol, v. aor. _oci_, fut. _ococ_. To enter; also _sensu obscoeno_.
Ohel, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To know, to recognize.
Ol, n. Mind, intention, will.
Olah, v. To wish, to desire;
n. will, goodwill, wish.
On, pron. We.
Ontkin, adv. For a long time.
Op _or_ Oop, n. The anona, custard apple.
Otoch, n. House, dwelling, denoting whose. p. 106.
Ox, adv. Three; _oxlahun_, thirteen. p. 130.
P
Pa _or_ Paa, n. A walled town, stronghold, fortress. p. 163.
Pa, v. To break, break down, destroy.
Pach, To take possession of, to select a place.
Pach, n. The back of the shoulders; the outer or back part; hence, the
last or end of anything; _tu pach_, behind, after.
Pachal, adv. Afterwards, late.
Paiche, n. A mark, a line.
Pak _or_ Pakil, n. A wall of stone, verb, aor. _ah_, fut. e.[TN-48] To
found, build, sow, plant; hence
Pakal, n. A building, founding, etc.
Pakte _or_ Pakteil, adv. All together, in all.
Palil, n. A servant, man-servant.
Pan, n. Standard, banner.
Patan, n. Tribute, tax; from _paatah_, to watch, to guard.
Patcunah, v. To declare, set forth, explain;
n. an explanation, etc.
Paxal _or_ Paaxal, v. aor. _xi_, fut. _xac_. To forsake, abandon,
desert, depopulate; "desamparar y despoblar pueblo." _Dicc. Motul._
Pay, n. The sea-coast.
Pay, v. aor. _tah_, fut. _te_. To draw or call toward one, hence,
_payal_, to be called or summoned.
Paybe, n. (From _pay_, and _be_, a road). A guide;
hence, adv., first, before.
Pek, n. A dog.
Pet, n. A circle, wheel.
Peten, n. An island, country, province. p. 122.
Pic. A numeral. p. 45.
Pix _or_ Piixtah, v. To unwind, to cast anchor.
Pixan, n. Soul; happiness;
adj. happy.