alleged to be Tertiary, 309, 341, 342;
flint implements prove intelligence of, 342;
no fossils of, 342
Freedom, human, 232;
of will, 232
Free will, a myth, 360, 361
Frescoes, 339, 340;
polychrome, 340;
primeval, 339, 340
Frog, 64, 281;
tadpole, 281
Fruit-flies, eyeless, 306;
vestigial, 306;
wingless, 306
Functions, 215, 216, 241, 276;
extrinsically dependent on organism, 215, 216;
sensitivo-nervous, 241;
superorganic, 215
Fundulus, 62
Future life, 354, 361;
a myth, 361;
of retribution, 354
Gametes, 13, 14, 25, 156, 157, 158, 159;
production of, 25;
specialization of, for kinetic and trophic functions, 157, 158
Ganoids, 119, 120
Gar pike, 119
Gastrula, 159
Gelation, 168
Gemmation, 156
Geneology, 95, 113, 348;
hypothetical, 113;
of horse, 95;
of man, 348
Geneological tree of man, 348
Genera, 3, 4, 37, 78, 80, 81, 86, 92, 119, 312, 313;
fossil, 3, 4, 78, 80, 81, 86, 312, 313
Generalization, power of, 261
Generation, univocal and equivocal, 68, 69
Genes, 17, 18, 19, 25, 27, 42, 43, 44, 45, 79, 141, 162;
inhibitive, 18, 19, 42, 79, 162
Genetic cellular continuity, law of, no exception to, 163, 164
Genetic continuity, 142, 160, 165, 311;
fivefold law of, 142;
law of, 136, 160
—may not prevail in submicroscopic world, 165
Geneticists, 89, 334
Genetics, 2, 3, 24, 36, 46 _note_, 56, 82, 88, 89, 121, 126, 141,
302, 305, 334
Genital distrophy, 294
Genotype, 5, 41, 43, 123
Geodesists, 114
Geological column, 106, 117, 125, 126
Geological record, 72, 80-84, 92, 106, 111, 120, 125, 126, 127, 297;
damaged, 92;
enigmatic, 126, 127;
incomplete, 72, 80, 106;
incompleteness assumed to explain absence of intermediates, 83;
time-value presupposes its completeness, 82, 83, 111
Geologists, 100, 102, 113, 114, 117, 125, 181
Geology, xiv, 98, 107, 111, 117;
can only prove local order of succession, 111
Germ, 13, 155, 156, 182;
multicellular and unicellular, 155, 156
Germ cells, 13, 14, 16, 156, 157, 163
Germ plasm, 14, 25, 26, 41, 42, 45, 265, 303
Germ tract, 14
Germinal constitution, 87, 123
Gerrymandering, geological, 116
Giantism, 44, 294
Gibbon, 271, 274, 310, 314, 316
Gibraltar skull, 322
Gill arches and clefts, 278, 279
Gills, 70, 279;
permanent, 279
Glacial, 104 _note_, 289, 320, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334;
deposits, 104 _note_;
epoch, 320, 332, 334
—middle of, 332
—close of, 332;
period, 289, 327, 329, 330, 331
—fourth or last, 327, 329
—close of, 331
Glaciation, 290
Glacier, continental, 287, 289
Glacier National Park, 108
Glaciologists, 289
Glands, 296, 304;
muciparous, 296;
supernumerary mammary, 304
Glaurus overthrust, 107
Globigerina, 118
Glucose, 145
Gluteal region, 273
Glyceraldehyde, 145
God, 180, 351;
admitted as hypothetical, 351;
Author of Life, 180;
impossible to prove existence of, 351
Golgi bodies, 140
Gonads, interstitial cells of, 292
Gondwana Land, 114, 115
Gorilla, 51, 270, 271, 272, 273, 314;
face of, 271;
skull of, 271
Gradation, 82, 87, 315;
morphological, 82;
of forms, 87;
series, 315;
temporal succession, 82
Gradual approximation, dogma of, 110
Grammar, “scientific” revision of, 205
Graptolites, 78, 100
Great Peacock Moth, 260
Grey Worm, 246
Grignard reaction, 209
Groups, 335
Gryphaea, 79
Guest, 49, 53
Habit, 8, 265, 266, 267, 291, 328, 333, 334;
automatisms of, alleged to be source of instinct, 267;
body-modifying, 333
—of squatting, 328;
modern, 334
Habitat, 99, 112, 182
Hæmoglobin, 148
Hallucinations, 235
Hallux, human, 50;
simian, 50
Halogens, 58
Haptophores, 57
Heidelberg Man, 318, 319, 320;
jaw anomalous, 319, 320
Hen, 259, 260
Heredity, 5, 39, 54, 88;
alleged cause of homology, 39;
biparental, 5
Heterogametes, 158
Hererogamy, 158
Hererozygous, 25, 26, 27
Histogenesis, 59
History, 337, 338, 339;
contradicts evolutionary assumption, 337, 338;
dawn of, 337;
proves primitive man to have been civilized, not barbaric, 339
Homœomorphy, heterogenetic, 79
Homology, 8, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 59, 60, 61, 63,
64, 65, 77, 268, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 287, 292, 298, 308;
definition of, 35;
anatomical, 276, 279, 284, 308;
application to man, 34, 51, 268;
disguised by external diversity, 48;
embryological, 48, 278, 279, 284, 308;
evolutionary argument from, 34, 47 _note_, 48, 54, 63, 64, 65, 268,
292;
genetic explanation of, 39, 40, 47
Homologous organs, 35, 61
Homo neanderthalensis, 333
Homo primigenius, 323, 330, 333, 334, 341, 342;
a variety, not a distinct species, 342;
same as Homo Mousteriensis, 330;
type, fluctional nature of, 341
Homo sapiens, 325, 330, 332, 333, 340, 342, 345;
only human species, 342
Homozygous, 25, 27
Horizon, 93, 94, 125, 310, 335;
level, 335;
stratigraphical, 93, 94;
stratigraphic, 125, 310, 335
Hormones 14, 292, 294, 295
Horse, 5, 78, 81, 82, 304, 332
Host, 49, 53
Hottentots, 325
Human, 224, 227, 256, 335, 341, 342, 345, 352;
fossils all belong to the species, Homo sapiens, 345;
mind
—alleged to be of animal extraction, 352
—reflects, 224
—spiritual, 227;
reason, 256;
remains more ancient than formations in which they are found, 335
Human body, 267, 304, 345;
evolution of, 267;
ignorance and uncertainty regarding origin, 345;
not a mosaic of heterogenetic organs, 304;
origin of, 345
Humanization of brute, subjective, 238
Humanizers of brute, Darwinian, 263
Human language attests reality of ego, 205
Human nature, 360;
Darwinian conception of, 360
—evils of popularizing it, 360
Human Soul, 193, 194, 202, 203, 210, 213, 214, 215, 216, 225, 231,
232, 233, 267, 268;
could only originate by creation, 267;
creation of, 193, 267;
discarnate, 202, 214
—not a complete person or nature, 202;
exists for its own sake, 215;
immortal, 193;
intrinsically independent of organism, 202, 215, 225;
not an emergent of matter, 194
—alone active in superorganic functions, 202, 214, 216;
same as mind, 203;
simplicity of, 210
—not to be confounded with spirituality of, 210;
spirituality of, 193, 203, 214, 215, 216, 231, 232, 233, 233 _note_,
268
—proofs of, 214, 215, 216, 231
—from rational thought and volition, 231, 232, 233, 233 _note_;
substantiality of, 210;
underivable from matter, 268
Hunter, life of, 328, 330
Hyaloplasm, 139, 141
Hybridism, constant, 25
Hybridization, 16, 26, 88;
interspecific and intervarietal, 26
Hybrids, 4, 5, 17, 25, 26, 27, 28, 84, 85, 87;
interspecific, sterile, 4, 5, 26, 27;
invarietal, 19, 20, 27, 28;
as intermediates, 84, 85
Hydrang, 44
Hydrogen, 175;
liquid, 184 _note_
Hydroglissia, 248
Hydrosol, 169
Hydrosphere, 113, 181
Hydrotheca, 78
Hydroxylamine, 148
Hyrozoa erroneously classified, 122
Hylobatic, 314, 316, 317, 318;
type, 318
Hylomorphic dualism, 198
Hylomorphic vitalism, does not discourage experimental analysis of
life, 201
Hylomorphism, 174
Hypogamete, 158
Hypertrophy, 289, 290, 294;
due to use, 289
Hypophysis, 292, 293, 294, 295;
not functionless, 294
Ice Age, 98
Ichthyosaurs, 80
Igneous masses, not basal, 125
Illusions, 235
Imageless thought, sense of term, 219
Imagery, 214, 215, 218, 219, 220, 221, 228, 229, 241, 243;
a function of the living cerebral cortex, 221;
association of, 241;
cerebral, 218;
concrete, 220, 221;
different in different persons, 219;
distributed by abnormal state of cortex, 221;
motor, 214;
neurographic, 243;
represents only superficial and exterior properties, 219;
rigid, correlated with metabolic process at work in cerebral
cortex, 228, 229;
rigidly proportioned underlying neurogram, 215;
sensible, presupposed by thought and volition, 221;
shows corresponding degrees of integrity and intensity, 229;
sporadic and fragmentary, 229;
tactile, 214
Imagination, 213, 221, 222, 228, 229, 231;
cerebral sense, 222, 228, 229;
its normal exercise depends on physiological normality of cerebral
cortex, 221;
organic function, 231
Imaginative activity, 229
Immortality, considered an anodyne, 358
Immunity, 57
Immutibility, 50, 52
Impenetrability, 225;
of matter, law of, 225;
reflection opposed to, 225
Improvised structures, 281 _note_, 283
Incubation, purposeless, 259
Independent Assortment, Law of, 27
Index fossils, 93, 94, 96, 97, 100, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 335, 339;
basis of stratigraphic correlation, 93, 94;
an arbitrary and elastic criterion, 94, 95;
final court of appeal, 93, 96, 97, 335;
in conflict with physical and stratigraphic evidence, 100, 104-112
India, 114
Indian dialects, work of philosophers, 338
Indian Ocean, 114, 115
Individuation, 220, 224;
concrete, 224
Indo-Europeans, 334
Industry, Mousterian, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331;
Acheulean, 331;
Aurignacian, 331
Inertia, defined, 174
Infusion, 193;
not supernatural, 193;
of spirit into matter, not a miracle, 193
Infantilism, 294
Inference, 221, 240;
mediate, 221
Infundibulum, 293
Infusoria, supposed abiogenetic origin of, 134
Inheritance, 2, 8, 9, 24, 27, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 56, 57, 62, 63,
64, 75, 160, 294, 320;
definition of, 41;
biparental, 160;
chemical theory of, 57;
laws of, 2, 24, 27, 42;
similifying process, 40, 45
—not only one, 56
—also said to diversify, 63, 64;
variable, 75
Inhibition, 242, 252
Initial vivification, 133;
act, 133;
of matter required a formative, 133;
rather than creative, 133
Inquilines, 46
Insectivora, 275
Insects, 225, 307;
evolutionary diminuendo of, 116;
wingless, 307
Instinct, 238, 240, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 259,
263, 264, 265, 267, 291, 343, 361;
defined, 255, 256;
James’ definition of,
249;
according to external circumstances, 250-252;
according to physiological state of organism, 250;
adjustment of, 250, 252;
constructive, 251;
effective only under normal circumstances 258;
evolutionary origin of, 267
—improbable, 267;
fixity of, 258;
improbability of, 267;
its regulatory principal sense, 254;
not gradually acquired, 263, 264;
not intelligence, 254;
only slightly undefiable, 256;
origin of, 263;
psychic regulation of, 249;
requires no apprenticeship, 256;
teleology of, 249;
telic, 259;
variability of, 250
Instinctive acts, 256
Instruction, 244, 245
Instrumentation, 197
Intellect, 220, 221, 224, 226-230, 339;
active, 220, 221;
activity of, 221;
cognitive, 220, 221;
conscious of its own operations, 226, 227;
indirectly dependent on physiological condition of cortex, 221;
its immaterial nature, 224;
objectively dependent on organic activity of imagination, 221;
not bound to material organ, 226;
not debilitated by intense thinking, 227, 228;
not incapacitated but invigorated by intense thinking, 228;
not regulated by physiological vicissitude, 229;
not subject to metabolic laws, 230;
rooted in a spiritual principle, 227;
superorganic nature of, 227
Intellectual, 228, 229, 230;
activity may reach highest points of concentration and intensity
without involving commensurate fatigue on part of organism, 228
Intelligence, 239-241, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 254, 256, 257, 259,
262, 263, 267, 329, 330, 340, 343, 350;
definition of, 239;
autonomous, 259;
a generalizing and abstracting power, 257;
“bestial,” 245, 247, 257;
conscious, 240;
deceptive semblance of, 240, 241;
Divine, 249;
etymology of, 239;
finite, 249;
genuine, 240, 241;
infinite, 248, 249;
incapable of being evolved from matter, 267;
inherent, 249, 256, 259, 267;
of worker bees, 267;
subjective or inherent, 248, 249;
used to denote power of profiting by experience, 239, 240
Intensity, 227, 230;
does not increase in same proportion as intensity of stimulus, 227;
may reach maximum with involving corresponding fatigue, 230;
of thought does not follow fluctuations of neural metabolism, 230
Interactionism, 206
Interaction, three types of, 175
Interglacial period, 329;
last, 329
Intergradation, 87
Intergradence, 84-87;
may indicate hybridism, 84, 85;
no argument for common ancestry, 84-86;
of mutants genetically independent, 85, 86
Intergradents, 85, 86;
hybrid, 85, 86;
mutational, 85, 86;
specific, 85, 86
Interjections, negligible part of human language, 247
Interpretation, ontogenetic, an alternative for phylogenetic, 302
Intervals, 105;
lost, unrepresented by deposition, erosion or disturbance, 105
Intravitous staining, 143
Introspection, 204, 205, 212, 225;
does not create personality, 212;
impossible to a material organ, 225
Intrusions, igneous, 125
Invertebrate, 293, 294;
stage, 293, 294
Involution, 160
Iron, 148
Irrational man unknown either to history or prehistory, 340
Islands, 153
Islets of Langerhans, 292
Isobares, 172
Isogametes, 157
Isogamy, 157
Isomers, 173
Isostacy, 113, 114
Isostatic equilibrium, 114
Jacob’s Cavern, in Missouri, 340
Java, 313
Jaw, 331, 340;
lower, 331;
lower missing, 340
Jimson Weed, 21, 22
Judgment, 207, 220
Jupiter, 184
Jura, 103
Jura, European, 96, 106
Jurassic, 117
Kena Kakoe, 346-348;
extinct volcano, 346
Kidney, 280-283;
adult, 282;
embryonic, 283;
fish, 280, 282;
mammalian, 280;
permanent, 281, 284
Kiluea, observatory at volcano of, 346
Kingdom, animal, 249
Kleistogamy, 159
Knowledge, 190, 191, 221, 256;
conceptional, 221;
experimental, 256;
technical, absence of, does not always disqualify, 190, 191
Krapina, 330, 332;
type of, 330
Laboratory syntheses differ from those occurring in organism, 150
La Chapelle-aux-Saints remains, 232, 330-333
Lamarckism, 6, 7, 13, 15, 16, 24, 29, 46 _note_, 53, 67, 78, 79,
263, 265, 266, 291;
recent revival of, 266
Lamps, 340
La Naulette remains, 326, 332;
alleged to be distinct species, 332;
absence of chin, 326;
allied to Neanderthal type, 326
Land bridges, 112
Language, 245, 246, 247, 330, 338, 339;
descriptive, conceptual and articulate, 246, 247;
first step in formation of, 245;
formation of, presupposes an artist as great as his works, 339;
human, 246, 247;
indicative, emotional and articulate, 247, 256;
of animals, 245,
246, 247;
of savage races point to former civilization, 330
La Quina, industry of, 331
Law, definition of, 166, 167
Law of Weber, 227
“Learning” of animals, 243
Le Moustier, 329, 332;
remains, 322, 326, 329, 330
Lemuroids, 275
Lemurs, 312
Lepontine Alps, 109
Lethals, balanced, 25-28
Lias, 119
Liberalism, 257
Life, 133, 142, 144, 145, 154, 165, 176, 177, 181, 182, 186, 187,
188, 203;
organic, definition of, 176, 177;
active cause of extramundane, 181, 182;
alleges submicroscopical units of, 165;
Author of, 186, 187;
conscious, 203;
initiation of, not a creation, 186, 187
—not a miracle, 187, 188
—not supernatural, 187, 188;
integrating and formative principle of, 144;
metabolic, sentient and rational, 203;
more than a chemical problem, 142;
origin of, 133
chemical hypothesis, 145
—not a problem of translation, 182;
spontaneous origin of, 154
Life-cycle, 69, 112, 138, 155, 156, 160
Lima, 118
Limit of microscopic vision, 140
Limulus polyphemus, 119
Lingula, 118
Linin, 139
Links, 84, 86, 312, 313, 315, 323, 341, 342;
connecting, 315, 323
—between men and apes, 312;
connecting, so called are (a) human, (b) simian, (c) mixed
remains, 342;
generic and ordinal, insufficient, 86;
“missing,” 341;
specific, minimum, 86;
transitional, 84
—none between man and apes, 313
Linkage groups, 17
Lithosphere, 113, 114, 181
Litopterna, 78
Living beings derive their matter from inorganic world, 123
Living matter, 143, 171;
its uniqueness, a simple fact, 171;
maintains its specific type, 143
Lizards, 292
Loess, 326, 327
Logarithmic spiral, 248
Locomotion, mechanism of, 270
Logic, 198, 220, 245;
of scepticism, 198;
of thought, escapes our imagery, 220;
saltatory, 245
Loss, 352, 353;
of artistic taste by Darwin, 352, 353
Lucina, 118
Lumpers, 37
Lumping, 121
Lychnis diurna and vespertina, 84
Lycosa, 247, 263
Lycosids, 247, 263-265
Lymphatic glands, stimulated by digestive process, 301
Lymphatic system, adjuncts of, 300
Lymphatic vessels, 300
Lymph nodules, 300
Lymphocytes, 300, 301
Lymphoid cells, follicle, 299
Macrogamete, 157, 158
Macrosomes, 139
Madeira, 306
Magalenians, 332
Maggots, 134
Magnesium, 146, 147, 148
Mammal, 46, 59, 60, 72, 73, 100, 115, 116, 275, 280, 282, 283,
296, 304, 324, 342;
age of, 342;
early, 324;
evolutionary “crescendo” of, 116
Mammalian stock, 82
Mammoth, 91, 115, 326
Man, 192, 193, 212, 236, 271, 290, 340, 341, 343;
bestial, 340;
brutalization of, 236;
destitute of instincts, 343;
face of, 27;
indications of his physical presence always accomplished by signs
of intelligence, 340;
left defenceless by nature, 343;
modern, 341;
more than a decaying organism, 212;
never found apart from evidence of his intelligence, 343;
physically helpless, 343;
skull of, 271;
unique
in his soul, not in his body, 192, 193
Mantids, 247
Marattia, 118
Mars, 184
Marsoulas, caves of, 339
Marsupial, 114, 296
Mason bee, 251, 254, 260
Mastodons, 115, 340;
“prehistoric,” engraving of, 340
Material, 193, 194, 207, 214;
functions, 214;
organism coöperates intrinsically in organic substrate, 224;
sense of term, 193, 194;
substance, inaccessible to senses, 207
Materialism, 178, 199, 212, 214, 236, 352, 355, 357, 358, 361;
a purely academic philosophy, 211;
attempt to gloss over, 207;
Darwinian, 236;
evolutionary, 360, 361;
its destructive effect on religion, ideals and morality, 361;
parasitic, 358
Materialistic, 207, 351-356, 357;
philosophy ignores active rôle of mind, 207;
view of human nature unnatural and intolerable—complete and
consistent application impossible, 357;
view make morality unthinkable—antisocial, 351-356
Material organ cannot be effected by the supersensible, 222
Matterhorn, 109
Materialist, 230
Materialists, many evolutionists are avowed, 351
Matter, 71, 173, 174, 179, 181, 186, 194, 199, 200, 204, 210;
a constant in inorganic units, 175;
a source of indeterminism, 71;
a variant in living organisms, 175;
constant in chemical reactions, variant in metabolism, 199, 200,
210;
does not coincide with sum total of reality, 186;
initial vivification of, due to supermaterial agency, 179;
inorganic, 181;
not more real than mind, 204;
notions of, 200;
ponderable and imponderable, 194
Maturity, 155
Mauer, 318
Mayflies, 115
Means, 254, 259
Measles, invisible germ of, 169
Mechanics, 350
Mechanism, 153, 154, 171, 179, 250;
environmental, 153;
teleological but simple, 153, 154
Mechanist, 58, 200, 204, 351;
many evolutionists are avowed, 351
Mechanistic universe, 350
Media, 136
Medium, vibrant, 213
Meganeura monyi Brogn, 115
Meiosis, 25, 42, 157
Melia, 261
Melocrinidae, 92
Membrana nictitans, 296, 297;
not functionless, 297
Memory, 213, 238, 242, 243;
associative, 238;
sensitive, 242, 243;
sentiment, 238, 242
Men, 318, 325, 328, 329;
and apes, link between, 318
—intermediate between, 318;
fossil, 325;
of Krapina, 325, 328, 329
Mendelism, 3, 24, 25, 26, 28, 42, 46, _note_, 57, 349
Mental protuberance, 272
Mental states, 205
Merosthenic, 270
Mesonephric duct, 281, 282
Mesonephros, 280, 281, 282, 284
Mesozoic, 73, 104 _note_, 118, 119, 335;
lowest series of, 119;
middle system of, 119
Metabolism, 57, 139, 210, 211, 227, 228;
destructive and constructive, 137
Metagenesis, 122
Metamorphosis, 123, 283
Metamorphism, 89, 126;
of rocks, 126
Metanephros, 280, 282
Metaphysical, 351
Metaphysics, 152, 185, 231, 349, 350, 351, 352;
Epicurian, 152;
monistic, 349;
vs. physical science, 352
Metaphytes, 136
Metazoa, 118
Metazoans, 136, 170, 284
Meteorites, 182, 183
Metista, 5, 59, 136, 156, 157, 159, 163
Microgamete, 158
Microns, 183
Microörganism, 169, 183
Microsomes, 139
Migrations, 72, 76, 112
Millennium, 358
Mimicry, 246
Mind, 195, 196, 198, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 222, 223, 249;
active and passive, 207;
apprehends material objects under dematerialized form, 223;
a substance, 207;
connotation of, 203;
cannot utilize coöperation of material organ in abstract
conceptions, 223;
frame of, 211;
human, 249;
of man alleged to be of animal extraction, 195, 196;
phenomenalistic notion of, 209;
science of, 197;
states of, not less real than states of matter, 204;
noumenal, 198
Minimum, 238, 349, 350;
an empirical rule, not an axiom, 350;
principle of, 238, 349, 350
Miocene, 95, 310, 323;
Upper, 95
Miracle, definition of, 187
Miraculous, 69, 351-356, 357
Mitachondria, 140
Mitosis, 59, 138, 139, 155
Modification, 7, 41, 42, 45, 46, 51, 77, 80, 123, 307, 327, 334;
adaptive, 45, 46, 51, 80;
environmentally-induced, 123;
heritable, 42, 45, 307;
non-inheritable, 334;
parallel, 77, 80;
product of variation, 41;
of specific magnitude, 7;
of varietal magnitude, 7
Moeritherium, 115
Molars, 313, 322;
teeth, 322
Mole, 36, 80, 291, 305
Mole-cricket, 36, 80
Molecule, 57, 58, 143, 144, 162, 167, 170, 175, 202, 203;
biophoric, 57;
complex, 202;
complex endothermic, 162;
living and dead, 143;
structure of, 58
Molluscs, 117, 118, 119, 123, 278, 283
Mongolian, 324, 325, 334;
cossack, 324
Monism, 350, 351, 352, 359;
destructive of culture, spirituality, morality, 350;
fail to motivate Christian morality, 358;
makes God immanent in world, 359;
makes will law unto itself, 359;
materialistic, 350, 352
Monist, 350
Monistic view vitiates artistic taste, 352
Monkey, 270, 275
Monomolecules, 165;
are not units, 165
Monotremeta, 296
Montana, 107 _note_
Moral consequences of failure to discriminate, 360
Morality, 354, 360;
evolutionary conception of, 360
Motor-verbalist, 219
Morphogenetic forces, 58, 284;
Laws, uniform, 284
Morphogeny, organic, 298
Morphology, embryonic and adult, 284
Mountain columns, 113
Mountains, 113, 153
Mouse, brain of, 315
Moustier Cave, 329
Movements, 241, 242;
reflex, 242;
spontaneous, 241, 242.
Mule, 5
Müllerian duct, 281
Multimolecule, 58, 144, 162, 165, 166, 168, 170, 179;
are not units, 165;
colloidal, 166;
crystalloidal, 165, 166;
not a link between molecules and cells, 179;
structure of, 58
Murder, as an experiment, 359
Muscles, 298
Mutants, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 87;
chromosomal, 17, 21, 22, 23
—balanced and unbalanced, 21, 22
—balance, odd and even, 22
—status as “new species” not established, 23;
factorial, 17, 18, 19, 20;
pseudo, 17, 27
Mutation, 16, 16 _note_, 26, 42, 86, 88, 122, 265, 303, 305, 307,
334;
changes of loss, 18, 43;
chromosomal, 17, 42, 44, 45, 88;
factorial,
19, 20, 42, 44, 45, 88, 305, 334
—a varietal, not a specific change; fortuitous, 265;
heritable, 16, 303, 334;
pseudo, 17, 42, 88
Mutation, 16, 20, 46;
Theory, 16, 20
Myxœdema, 294
Nahun beds, 95
Natural explanations, 69, 70
Naturalism borrows moral standards, 358
Natural process, 69, 74
Natural science, 186
Natural Selection, 9, 11, 12, 13, 29, 30, 152, 153, 305, 306, 350;
a theory of chance, 11, 350;
has no positive efficacy, 153;
theory has impeded progress of science, 13
Nature, 151, 185;
inorganic impotent to duplicate even laboratory synthesis, not
to speak of vital phenomena, 151
—lacks means of self-vivification, 185;
not automatic, 151
Nautilus, 118, 283
Neanderthal, 314, 315, 317, 325, 326, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 335,
337, 342;
bone, show some racial characteristics, 329;
cranium, 331, 332
—capacity underestimated, 333, not ancestral to Cro-Magnon type, 335;
not more ancient than modern type, 337;
remains, 325, 332
—human, 325;
skull, cranial capacity of, 314, 325;
type of, 330, 332
Neanderthal Man, 314, 315, 317, 323, 326, 341, 342;
distinctly human, 342;
a dwarf, 314;
No. 1, 323, 326;
divided opinion on, 324;
No. 2, skeleton, 326
—skull missing, 326
Neanderthal type, 326, 330, 332, 333, 334, 336;
alleged to be distinct species, 332;
alleged to be more ancient, 334;
degenerate, 336;
differences, 334;
race, 334;
no longer considered oldest type, 336
Neanderthaloid, 328, 333, 341, 343;
characteristics occur in modern skulls, 333;
race, 343;
skulls, modern features occur in, 333
Nebular, hypothesis, 181
Negroes, 334
Neo-Darwinism, 10
Neo-Kantian, 203, 219;
phenomenalist, 203
Neo-Lamarkism, 10, 12, 15
Neolithic, 332
Neontologists, 76
Neotoma, 307
Neo-vitalism, 171, 201, 202;
postulates a unique force, an agent “sui generis,” 171
Neo-vitalists, 58, 200, 201;
regard vital principle as force “sui generis,” a unique agent,
200, 201
Nephridia, 280
Neptune, 184
Nerve plasm, 265
Neurograms, 213, 214, 222;
extended, 222;
imprinted on neurons, 213, 214;
objects capable of stimulating an extended organ, 222;
objects of, endowed with concrete properties, 222;
proportioned to stimuli, 222;
physical basis of imagery, 214, 222
Neurons, 213, 222, 350;
sensory and central, 213;
utility of sensory, 222
New names for fossil duplicates of modern species, 119, 120
New Stone Age, prehistoric, 337
Nihilism, philosophical, 350
Nitrogen snow, 183 _note_;
reddish light of, 184 _note_
Non-cosmopolitan species, 283
Non-enents, 309
Non-opposability of human hallux, 50
Non-phenomenon or substance, 209
Non-specialist, when disqualified and when not, 189-191
Non-viable, 25
Novelty, emergent, 350
Nuclear components, self-perpetuating, 139
Nuclear reorganization, 155, 160, 161, 162;
a restorative process,
155, 161;
means of rejuvenation, 161;
none in somatogenic reproduction, 160;
periodic, 162;
primitive, 162
Nuclear sap, 139
Nucleus, 137, 138, 161;
cellular, 138;
daughter, 161;
distributed, 138;
germinal, 161;
parent, 161
Nucula, 118
Nutrition, a reflexive activity, 175
Object, 217, 223, 224;
concurrence of, extrinsic, 217;
indicated spiritual nature of mind, 224;
(material) abstract, made of representation, 224;
of abstract thought, incapable of making impressions or leaving
records on material receptors, 223
Occipital foramen, 272
Occiput, broad, 332
Ocean beds, elevation of, 114, 115
Ocean bottoms, 113-115
Ocean floor, 115
Octopus, 64
Œnothera, 16, 17, 27, 28;
gigas, 17;
Lamarkiana, 27, 28
Œsophagus, invertebrate, 293
Old Stone Age, 332, 337, 339, 340;
class of, 332;
prehistoric, 337
Oligocene, 309, 317
Onion-coat, 99, 102, 103, 109;
a convenient device, 109;
Alpine, 109;
hypothesis of, 102, 103
—“transcendental form of,” 102;
lithological and biological, 102;
mineral envelopes, 102;
theory, 99
Ontogeny, 39, 79, 275, 285
Oölites, 79
Opisthonephros, 280, 282
Opposability of simian hallux, 50
Opposition, 218, 219, 234, 235;
between imagery and thought, 218, 219;
between psycho-organic and spiritual activity, 234, 235;
entails distinction, 235
Orang-utan, 33, 271
Orders, 37
Organ, 222, 226, 276, 286, 287, 288, 292, 298, 300, 303;
embryonic, 276;
functionless, 286, 287, 292;
incapable of reflection, 226;
material, cannot be effected by the supersensible, 222;
nascent and rudimentary, 287, 288;
distinction, arbitrary, 288;
reduced, 286, 287;
vestigial, 292, 300, 303;
useless, 286
Organelles, 139
Organic activity, rigidly regulated by metabolism, 228
Organic functions, 203, 213, 215;
agent and subject of, not soul alone, 203;
not only functions in man, 215
Organic substances, 149, 150;
laboratory synthesis of, 149, 150;
not to confounded with living or organized substances, 150
Organisms, 154, 155, 163, 201, 202, 203, 246;
a product of the law of Complexity, 167;
multicellular, 155;
none subcellular, 154;
of some species, syntonic, 246;
participates as coefficient factor in physiological and sensory
functions, 203;
soul-informed, 203;
unicellular, 154, 163
Organization, 143, 150;
elude art of chemist, 150
Order, 209;
ideal, phenomenalists confuse it with real order of things, 209;
real, of things, 209
Ordivician, 111
Orientation of forces, centrifugal and centripetal, 179
Origins, 71, 83, 161, 220, 221, 360;
biparental, 161;
common, 81
—of man and brute, 360;
organic, need not be unified in space but should be in time, 71;
of concepts, 220, 221
Orneau, river, 326;
valley, 327
Ornithorhynchus, 59, 287
Ornithosaurs, 80
Orthogenesis, 6, 7, 46 _note_, 53;
cannot explain adaptation, 53
Osmia, 252
Outcrop, 93
Overthrust, 98, 107, 110;
a triumph of modern research, 107
Ovists, 160
Oximes, 148
Oxychromatin, 139
Oysters, 79
Palæobotany, 117
Palæolithic, 327, 328, 330, 333, 343;
artists, 343;
human remains, 330;
man, 328, 333
Palæontological argument, 66-127;
defects in, 75, 124;
in abstract, 66-75;
in concrete, 75-127;
a theoretical construction, 126
Palæontological evidence, 3, 8, 66, 74-80, 83, 89, 97, 105, 107,
124, 311, 312;
imperfection of, 89;
rated as outweighing physical evidence, 97, 107
Palæontological pedigrees, 3, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 126;
definition of, 81;
of horse, 76, 78, 81, 82, 126;
camel, 126,
and elephant, 126
Palæontologists, 76, 86, 87, 88, 91, 119, 190, 310, 313, 321, 334,
344;
incompetent to decide questions of specific origin or
distinction, 87, 88, 89, 334
Palæontology, 3, 82, 83, 88, 92, 95, 96, 114, 119, 126, 195, 311,
312, 313, 344;
facts of, 83, 195;
ignorant concerning origin of man, 344;
orthodox, 95, 96, 119
Palæotherium, 76
Palæozoic, 73, 108, 117, 118, 124 _note_, 125, 335
Palingenesis, 277, 288
Pan-Pacific Conferences, 344, 346
Panspermia, 182
Parallelism, 57, 58;
_vs._ divergence, 57
Paramœcium, 138, 161, 178;
aurelia, 138
Parasites, 46, 53
Parasitism, 52
Parathyroids, 292
Parent cell, 156
Parthenogenesis, 158, 159, 160, 162;
artificial, 159, 160
—not violation of law of genetic continuity, 159, 160
Pathology, 141
Patient, 176, 177
Pear-tree, 6, 88
Pebrine, 44
Pecking instinct of chicks, 256
Pecten, 118
Pedigrees, of genera, 84
Pelopæus, 260
Penguin, wings of, 287
Pentacrinus, 119
Perception, 208, 212, 253;
an act of, 208;
of personality, not personality, 212;
sensory, 253
Percepts, objective, 235;
sensory, 219
Periodicity, 56;
of elements, 56;
families of elements, 56
Peri Psyches, Aristotle’s, 196, 197, 215
Perissodactyla, 78
Permian, 104, 118
Persistence, 116, 119, 123;
cannot be subsumed under same principles as transmutations, 123;
its significance intensified by current theories, 123;
of types, 119;
of unchanged types, 116
Persistent types, generic and specific, 123
Personal identity, sense of, 212
Personality, 205, 211, 212, 238;
a unitary and uniform reality, 212;
alternating, 211;
based on unchanging principle, 212;
perception of, 212
Pessimism, 355, 357
Petit-Puymoyen, industry of, 331
Phæophytin, 147
Pharyngeal arches and clefts, 278, 279
Phase, reversal of, 168, 169
Phenomena, 208, 209;
phenomenalists’ substantialization of, 209
Phenomenalism, 207, 208, 211, 212;
a purely academic philosophy, 211;
identifies mind with “thought stream,” 212
Phenomenalistic school, 206
Phenomenalists, 203, 205, 206, 207;
inconsistently admit of physical phenomena while denying subject
of psychic phenomena, 206, 207
Phenotype, 5, 19, 25, 27, 41, 43, 68, 123
Philology, 339;
proves primitive man to have been civilized, not barbaric, 339
Philosophers, 220
Philosophy, 189, 190, 195;
in rôle of critic, 189;
in rôle of sycophant,
190;
materialistic, 195;
relation to science, 189
Phonetic elements, 246
Photosynthesis, 146
Phycocyanin, 149
Phylogeny, 39, 80, 122, 275, 276, 284, 285, 308;
human, 285, 308;
palæontological, 115
Phylum, 37, 38, 69, 116
Physical impressions, 213
Physical science, 352, 354
Physicochemical action, reducible to interaction between unequally
energized masses and particles, 175
Physicochemical forces, executive factors in vital operations, 201
Physiology, 350
Phytol, 147
Picotee sweet pea, 19
Piltdown skull, 320
Pineal eye, 292
Pineal gland, 292, 293, 295;
not functionless, 293
Pioneer colonies, 110
Pithecanthropus, distinctly simian, 342
Pithecanthropus erectus, 309, 313-318, 342;
cranial capacity of, 314;
a giant ape, 315;
existing casts inaccurate, 318
Pituitary body, 292, 293
Pituitrin, 294
Placenta, 276
Planarian, 278
Planetesimal, hypothesis, 181
Plantigrade, 272
Plastids, 139, 141
Platycrinidae, 92
Platyrhine monkeys, 287
Pleistocene, 78, 100, 104, 313, 319, 320, 325;
Lower, 313, 320;
Middle, 319
Pleurotomaria, 118
Plica, semilunaris, 297
Pliocene, 78, 95, 309, 313, 317, 323;
Upper, 309, 313, 317
Pluteus, 159
Polar body, second, 159
Polariscope, 144
Polymorphism, 122
Polynesians, 325
Polynuclear condition, 138
Polyphemus, the Cyclops, 293
Pompilids, 247, 248, 263, 264
Pompilius, 247, 261
Popular trust not to be abused, 345, 346
Postauricular muscles, 304, 305
Post-glacial time, 289
Preadaptations, 46, 47, 52, 53, 63, 124, 279;
adventitious appearance of, 46, 47;
divergent, 279;
entail modifications of specific magnitude, 47;
evolution as “natural explanation” of, 53;
inherited, 47
Pre-Cambrian, 100, 116, 118, 125;
terranes, 125
—extension great, 125
Preformation, 3, 160
Prehension, 50, 271, 272
Prehistoric, 337
Prehuman, arboreal stage, 309, 217
Presupposition, latent in materialistic logic, 186
Pre-tertiary, 312
Primates, 308
Primitive man, 338, 342, 343;
not irrational, 342, 343;
not a savage, 338
Primula, 19
Principles, 171, 172;
entitive and dynamic, 171, 172
Priocnemis, flavicornis, 248
Priority, 76;
a “sine qua non” condition of ancestry, 76
Process, 206, 209, 225;
divorced from agents, 209;
of reflection entails identity of observer and observed, 225;
subjectless and sourceless, of phenomenalists, 206
Prognathic face, 332
Prognathism, 325, 330, 333, 341;
of upper jaw accentuated, 341
“Progress,” 355, 359;
modern, 359;
of science, 355
Progression, 50, 271, 272, 317;
bipedal, 272;
modes of, 271, 317
Prehistory, undocumented, unreliable, 340
Pronephric duct, 281
Pronephros, 280, 281 _note_
Prophylaxis, 356
Propliopithecus, 309, 311
Prosthenic, 271
Protein, 140, 144, 145, 147, 151;
multimolecule of, 140
Proterotheres, 78
Proterotheriidæ, 78
Proterozoic, 104 _note_, 117
Protista, 5, 59, 136, 138, 156, 157, 163;
polynuclear condition not rare among, 138
Protoplasm, 141, 143, 144, 151, 160, 161, 175, 181;
dead, 143;
how reinvigorated, 160, 161;
invisible structure, 141;
not a chemical compound but a complex system, 142, 143;
persistent specificity of, 144;
ultramicroscopic structure of, 143;
visible, a picture of, 141
Protococcus, 151;
viridis, 151
Protons, 103, 174
Protophytes, 135, 136
Protoplasmic architecture, 174
Protozoa, 117, 118, 135, 136, 170
Psyche, 179, 200
Psychic, 198, 205, 230, 233;
and physical dualism of Descartes, 198;
functions, 205, 233
—of organic type, 233;
states, correlated with organic states, 230
Psychology, 196, 197, 198, 204, 205, 208, 211, 235, 236, 361;
alone competent to pronounce origin of man, 196;
as science of behavior, 198;
human, 235;
positive, 361;
reveals psychic activities as modification of abiding ego, 205;
sole science that studies man on his distinctively human side, 196;
vulgar, 236;
without a soul, 208, 236
Psychophysical, 198, 206, 236;
dualism, 198;
parallelism, 206, 236
Psychosis, 213, 235, 255, organic, 213, 235
—has for agent and recipient the psycho-organic composite, 213;
psycho-organic, 255
Physiological process not reducible to mere physicochemical
reaction, 199
Potency, 199
Purpose, 11, 249, 255, 258, 259, 298;
Divine, 249;
unconscious of, 255, 259
Purposiveness, 248, 249, 262;
no intelligence, 262;
objective, 248, 249;
unconscious, 248
Quadrumana, 296
Qasr-el-Sagha, 115
Quaternary, 98, 319;
Early, 319
Races, 334, 342
Radiation, pressure of, 183
Radioactive elements, 56
Radio-activity, 118
Radiolaria, 118
Radiometer, 183
Radius, shows curvature, 327
Ragweed, 16
Raft of Red River, 154
Random Assortment, 27, 42;
of chromosomes, 27
Ratio, body-brain, 317
Rays, 119
Reactants, 209
Reaction, 243, 252;
elementary, motor, 252;
historical basis of 243
Reaction-systems, 26, 204
Reason, 235, 240, 244, 245, 259, 267, 343;
not evolved, 267;
sole means of human preservation, 343;
superorganic power of, 244, 245
Reasoning, 207, 220
Recapitulation, 48, 275, 278, 279, 285;
embryonic, 48, 275, 278, 279
Receptors, 57, 213, 222;
extended, necessary to perceive material stimuli, 222
Recessive chin, 311
Recognition, 207
Recombination, 27, 42;
chromosomal, 27;
factorial, 27
Reconstructions, 89, 90, 92, 321;
of fossil skulls, 321;
psychological motivation of, 89, 90;
scientific, 89, 90, 92
Recuperation, autonomous, 163
“Recurrent faunas,” 110
Reduction, 42, 157
Reflection, 224, 225, 226, 240, 256;
a fact, 225, 226;
alleged impossibility of, 225;
only possible to spiritual agent, 224;
undeniable fact of, 225
Reflexes, innate and conditioned, 238
Reflexion, 225
Reflexive orientation, 174, 176;
of energies, no living being, 176;
of forces in living organism, 174;
in living being, 201
Regression of organ, 305
Regulation, 253;
intelligent, 253;
sensory, 253
Rejuvenation, 155, 161, 163;
three kinds of, 161
Rejuvenescence, 160, 161, 162
Reign of Terror, 357;
French, 357;
Russian, 357
Reindeer, 332
Re-integration of atoms, impossible, 163
Relationships, 254;
causal and telic, 254;
supersensible, 254
Religion, 354, 361;
only sanction of morality, 361
Remains, Javanese, 318
Repair-work, 251, 252
Reproduction, 5, 24, 25, 26, 56, 68, 69, 137, 141, 156, 157, 158,
159, 161;
biparental (bisexual), 24, 158;
cytogenic, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161;
link between life-cycles, 156;
nonsexual, 156—three kinds of, 156, 157;
reducible to cell-division, 163;
sexual, 25, 156, 157
—autosexual, 158, 159
—bisexual, 158
—unisexual, 158
somatogenic, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161
—limited, 161
—no rejuvenation in, 161
Reptiles, 61, 80, 281, 282, 296, 301;
flying, 80;
palæozoic and modern, 296
Resemblance, 38, 54, 58, 63, 79, 80, 284, 340, 341;
compatible with separate ancestry, 63, 80
—even specific, does not entail common origin, 79, 80;
family, 54, 56;
generic, 38, 56;
heterogenetic, 80;
ordinal, 56;
phyletic, 56;
specific, 38, 56, 79;
to modern man, 340, 341
Responsibility, 232, 360, 361;
harmful consequences, 360;
implies mastery of will over its own actions, 232;
of evolutionary propagandists, 360, 361
Resultants, 233 _note_, 234 _note_
Resurrection, natural basis of, 202
Reversion, 17, 303, 304, 305;
to type, 305
Rhinoceros etruscus, 319;
merckii, 329;
tichorhinus, 326, 329, 332
Rhodesian Man, 340, 341;
may be modern, 341
Rhynchonella, 118
Right-handedness, human, 288;
duration of, 290
River drift, 327
Rocks, 66, 93, 96, 103, 104, 107, 118, 120, 181, 297, 335;
composition and mineral contents disregarded in classification, 96;
crystalline, 104, 181;
fossiliferous, 104, 107, 118, 181, 279, 335;
European classification of, 107;
groups of, 120;
igneous, 181;
metamorphic, 104;
sedimentary, 66, 93, 96, 107, 181;
systems of, 103
Rubidium, isotopes of, 173
Rudiment, 293, 297, 301, 302;
ontogenetic, 301, 302;
phylogenetic, 301, 302
Rudimentary, 299
Rudimentary organs, 286, 291, 293, 298, 305;
criticism of, 286;
evolutionary argument from, 286;
ontogenetic explanation of, 298;
phylogenetic, 298
—explanation of, 286
Running birds, 114, 305
S-R bonds, 204
Salamander, 248
Saurians, 60
Savagery, not prior to civilization, 337
Savages, descended from civilized ancestry not vice versa, 338
Scandinavia, 110
Scepticism, 198
logic of, 198
Scholastics, 191, 225
Scholastic, theory of origin of concepts, 220
Science, 188, 304, 359;
as religion, 359;
gives no heed to consequences, 360;
its attitude towards philosophy, 188;
sham, 304
Scientists, 344, 348;
many not satisfied with “evidence” for human evolution, 344;
fallibility of, 348
Scientific questions, decided by evidence, not by authority, 344
Scotland, 107
Sea-anemone, 261
Sea floor, 113
Sea-urchin, 119, 140;
egg of, 140
Second causes, 52, 71;
efficacy finite, 71
Sediment, 93, 103, 125;
primordial, 125;
universal layer of, 103
Seedlings, 161
Segregation, 25
Selection, 11, 12, 13, 65, 152, 153, 306;
artificial, 152
—not on a par with natural selection, 152;
intelligent and fortuitous, 152, 153;
principle, 11, 12, 13, 65;
values, 306
Self, 205
Self-fertilization, 159
Self-observation, 224, 225;
impossible for an organ, 226;
power of, cannot reside in material organ, 224, 225;
requires a spiritual principle, 225
Self-regulation, 174, 176, 179
Self-sacrifice, rendered meaningless, 356
Semilunar fold, 296, 297
Senescence, 26, 157, 160, 162;
an inherent tendency of living matter, 160;
tendency practically if not actually universal, 162
Sensationists, 218
Sensations, 209, 227, 242;
intensity of, 227
Sense, 204, 227, 228, 235, 254, 350;
debilitated by powerful stimulus, 227;
external, 204;
organic nature of, 227;
their power of reaction temporarily inhibited by process of
repair, 227, 228
Sense organs, 213, 251
Sense-perception, 199, 203, 214, 219, 220, 227, 231, 235;
a brain function 199;
a psycho-organic function, 214;
concerned with factual reality of existence, 219;
involves a decomposition of neural tissue, 227;
not independent of body, 227;
organic function, 203
Sensibility, organic, 244, 245
Sensori-motor, 251
Sensory functions of the nervous system, 199
Sensual appetites, exhaustible, 232
Sensual emotion, organic function, 203
Sequence, 100, 107, 108;
inverted or “wrong,” 107, 108;
no invariable order of, 100;
of fossiliferous strata, 100;
“wrong,” 107, 107 _note_
Serum, 15
Sexual (gametic) incompatibility, 4, 5, 19, 20, 21
Sharks, 80, 119, 296
“Shell-craters,” 347
Shoots, 160
Sight, 217;
intrinsic dependence on eye, 217;
extrinsic dependence on object, 217
Silurian, 92, 106, 111, 118;
Middle, 92, 106
Simia satyrus, 32
Simple explanations not necessarily true, 350
Siwalik beds, 95, 310
Skeleton, 60, 61, 331;
human, 331
Skulls, 328, 329, 331, 333, 340, 341;
fossil, 33, 341;
human, 331
Skull cap, 271, 313, 314, 324, 328
Sleep, would interrupt process of relaying consciousness from
thought to thought, 212, 213
Sloth, 52
Snapdragon, 88
Social inequalities, artificial laws for benefit of rich, 361
Socialism, 357, 360;
Marxian, 357;
Scientific, 357
Sodium, 165, 166;
bromide, 165;
chloride, 165, 166;
iodide, 165
Solemn burial, 331, 332, 343;
most ancient instances, 332
Solutreans, 333
Soma, 13, 59, 303
Somatella, 59
Somatic cells, 13, 14, 17, 136, 156, 163
Somites, 280
Sophism, Comte’s like that of Zeno, 226
Soul, 172, 179, 193, 194, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206,
209, 210, 211, 216, 268, 311, 350, 361;
definition of, 200;
a “formative power” and “integrating” and unifying principle, 200,
211;
a vital entelechy, 210;
as revealed in biology and psychology, 205;
consubstantial with matter, 202;
differs in kind, not merely in degree from bestial soul, 194;
discarded by Descartes, 197;
discarded by scientific psychology, 359;
formal principle of life, 203;
functional, 203, 206, 209
—cannot be primary principle of life, 206;
name, not reality of, rejected, 200;
not a complete entity, 201;
primary ground of life, 206;
rejected in dynamic, not in entitive sense, 200, 201;
spiritual, not a product of evolution, 193, 216, 268
—originates by a creative act, 193, 268;
subject of psychology, 197;
subsistent in man, 202;
substantial, 203, 209;
term alleged to be meaningless, 200
Specialism, advantages and disadvantages of, 189
Species, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 19, 26, 37, 38, 74, 75, 78, 80, 83, 84,
86, 87, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120-123, 131, 157, 256, 257, 312, 313,
320, 334, 342;
definition of, 4;
change of, 4, 6;
differentiation and multiplication of, 131;
difficulty of distinguishing, 120-123;
elementary, 17;
extinct and extant, 120-123, 334;
extinct, precarious basis for time-scale, 334;
formation as contrasted with transformation of, 74, 75, 131;
fossil, 3, 4, 83, 92, 120, 122, 312, 313;
intermediate,
absence of, 80, 83, 84, 334;
intersterility of, 4, 5, 26, 38;
only one human, 342;
persistent, 123;
syngamy, an essential requisite of, 5
Species-by-species method, 87
Spectral analysis of constitution of sun, 216
Spectroscope, 144
Speech, bestial, 245, 246
Sperm, 156, 158, 159, 160;
activation by means of, 159
Spermists, 160
Sphex gryphus (Sm), 261
Spiders, 257
Spiral cleavage, 278
Spirit, 194, 311;
definition of, 194
Spiritual, 206
Spiritualism, 202, 230, 231;
Aristotelian, 230, 231
—admits direct dependence of lower psychic functions on organism,
230
—admits indirect dependence of higher psychic functions upon
organism, 231;
Cartesian, 230;
destroyed by facts of physiological psychology, 230;
hylomorphic, 202;
of Aristotle, 202;
psychophysical of Descartes, 202, 203
Spirituality, 203, 351;
excludes co-agency of organism, 203;
of human soul, 351
Spiritual representations, 221
Spleen, 301
Splitters, 37
Splitting, 121
Spontaneous generation, 131, 132, 133, 136, 142, 148, 149, 167,
179, 182, 185, 186;
defined, 131-133;
antiquity of, 133;
old and new exception of, 167;
philosophical “proof” of, 185
Spontogenesis, an outlawed hypothesis, 164
Spores, 134, 136, 156, 181;
bacterial, 181
Sporulation, 156, 157
Springopora, 118
Spy, 329, 330, 333;
bones, 329;
crania, capacity underestimated, 330
Spy remains, 319, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332;
skeletons of No. 1 and No. 2, 327
Squatting, a habit of savage races, 328
Squirrel, 260
Starfish, 140, 154, 382;
egg of, 140;
symmetry of, 154
States, 203, 208;
conscious or psychic, 203, 208;
mental, active and passive, 208;
of matter, not more real, 203
Statistics, moral, 361
Stems, 160
Stentor, 174
Sterility, interspecific, 5, 21, 38
Sterilization, 134, 135
Stimulators, 243
Stimulus, 227, 228
Stizus ruficornis, 247
Stock, 310, 311;
hylobatic and troglodyte, 310, 311;
pithecoid, 311
Stone implements, 329, 331, 334, 340, 342;
characteristic, unsafe basis for time-scale, 334
Stratification, 102;
scheme of, universal, 102;
synchronous deposition of, different in mineral content, 102
Stratigraphers, 106
Stratigraphic, 101, 102, 107;
continuity, 101;
facts, 107;
horizons, 101;
sequence, 101
—invariable order of, 102
Stratigraphy, 93
Strata, 66, 83, 87, 92-96, 102, 103,108, 109, 116, 119, 120, 125;
classification of, 103;
concrete sequence of, 109;
dated by fossils and fossils by strata, 94;
fossiliferous, 92, 96, 102, 109, 116, 119
—classification of, 119
—European classification of, 102;
how characterized, 96;
intervening, skipped, 120;
mineral, 102;
substitution of fossiliferous for lithological, 103;
substitution of fossiliferous for mineral, 103;
wrong order of, 108;
“younger” and “older,” 108, 116
Strontium, isotopes of, 173
Structures, 122, 284;
constant and adaptive, 122;
distinction influenced by personal equation, 122;
embryonic, undifferentiated, 284;
homologous and adaptive, 122
Struggles for existence, 291
Sturgeons, 119
Sub-archæan beginnings of life impenetrable, 126
Subject, 205, 207, 208;
abiding, of our thoughts, feelings and desires, 205;
active, 208;
of thought, active, 207
Subjective abstractions, phenomenalist objectivation of, 209
Subjectless thought, an abstraction, 209
Submicron, 140, 183 _note_
Submicroscopic dimensions, no obstacle to manifestation of vital
phenomena, 170
Submicroscopic organisms show genetic continuity, reproductiveness
and typical vital power, 169, 170
Subspecies, 334, 342
Substages, 96, 103
Substance, 209
Substantial composite of body and soul, 203
Succession, 75, 76;
to be distinguished from filiation, 75;
not descent, 75, 76
Sunlight, once richer in actinic rays, 148
Superciliary ridges, 272
Superorganic, 240
Superorganic functions, 214, 227;
have soul as their exclusive agent and recipient, 214
Superorganic functions, soul alone active cause and receptive
subject, 203
Supernatural, 186, 187;
defined, 187
Supernumerary, 303, 304, 306;
mammary glands, 304;
organs, 303, 304
Superposition, 93, 101, 111;
as a criterion of comparative antiquity, 93;
criterion of, confined to local areas, 101
—not available
for correlation of strata in different localities, 101;
only safe means of distinguishing between spatial and
chronological distribution, 101, 111;
restricted to local areas, 93
Suppression of organs, 305
Sweden, 289
Syllogisms, of no avail against facts, 226
Symbiosis, 52, 124
Symbiotes, 46, 53
Synapsis, 17, 25
Syngamy, 5, 25, 156, 157-161;
essential to biparental inheritance, 160;
means of rejuvenation, 161;
qualification of a true species, 5
Synthesis, chemical, spontaneous and artificial, 151, 152
Systems, 96, 101, 141, 142, 151;
colloidal, 142;
complete polyphasic, 142;
how determined, 96;
of rocks, 96;
of strata, 101;
polyphasic, 141;
protoplasmic, 141, 142;
simple, 151
Systematist, 46, 121
Tactisms, 204
Tactualist, 219
Taenia, 248
Taiga, 91
Tarantula, 247, 263
Tasmanian blacks, 325
Tautomerism, 202
Taxonomic questions, 334
Taxonomist, 128
Taxonomy, 36, 37, 38, 77, 101, 121, 122, 123, 320;
fossil, 101, 122
—basis of correlation, 101
—arbitrary and unreliable, 122;
homology, basis of, 36;
influence of palæontology, 77;
need of revision in, 121, 123
Teleological, 225
Teleology, 154, 240, 248, 249, 259, 267;
a material expression of intelligence, 259;
does not entail vibrant intelligence, 259;
its combination with sentient consciousness, 240;
of organisms, 154;
of artefacts, 154;
psychic
implication of, 154;
unconscious, 240
Teleosts, 120
Telic, 150, 249;
phenomena of nature, 249
Terebratulina, striata, 118, 120;
caput serpentis, 118
Termitomyia, 46
Termitoxenia Heimi, 48
Tertiary, 72, 82, 99, 100, 104, 109, 111, 112, 113, 118, 154, 270,
308, 311;
ancestor, 312;
Man, 154
Tertiary envelopes of eggs, 300
Tethelin, 294
Tethys, 109
Tetraploid race, 23, 45;
origin of, not yet observed, 23
Tetraploidy, 22, 23, 44
Thigh, bone, 316, 317
Third eyelid, 296, 297
Third Interglacial Period, latter half of, 331
Thoatherium, 78
Thought, 218-222, 227, 229, 230, 233;
and imagery, concomitant but incommensurable, 219;
digs below phenomenal surface, 219;
distinguished from imagery, 218, 219;
intellectual, steady, lucid and continuous, 229;
not function of material organism, 233;
power does not always degenerate with old age, 230;
presupposes imagery, 221;
proceeds with complete ease after initial exertion of
imagination, 229;
rational, 222, 224, 231, 233
—has spiritual soul for source and subject, 233
—reflective, 224
—spiritual, 222
—superorganic function of, 231;
reflective, a superorganic function, 227;
requires substrate of sensible images, 220
—on which it is objectively dependent, 222;
some in all individuals, 219;
spiritual, 222;
untranslatable into adequate imagery, 219
Thrust faults, 107
Thrust planes like bedding planes, 108
Thymus, 299, 300, 301, 302;
an ontogenetic rudiment, 301, 302
Thyroid glands, 292, 294, 295, 301
Thyroxin, 294
Time-value, 75, 82, 83, 84, 95, 96, 101;
of geological formations, dubious, 75;
of index fossils, 95, 96
—affords no basis for scientific certainty, 101
Tissue, lymphatic, 301
Tissue cells, 13, 14, 136, 156
Tonsils, 301
Tools, use of, by animals, 261
Trachelocerca, 138
Training, 244, 245, 256
Transformism, 3, 4, 6, 16, 24, 25, 32, 40, 43, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59,
61, 67, 69-72, 75, 80, 84, 109, 117, 123, 124, 126, 127, 131, 263,
268, 343;
definition of, 3;
impotent to explain origin of intelligence, 216, 233 _note_, 263;
interpretation, not corollary, of fossil facts, 126;
monophyletic, 69, 70;
“natural” explanation of homology, 52;
proofs for, empirical, aphoristic, and aposterioristic, 55, 56;
rests on personal belief rather than on facts, 127;
ultra-partisans of, 343;
unconcerned with origin of life, 131;
unifies origins in time, but not in space, 69
Transformist, 38
Transmutation, 6, 28, 35, 40, 50, 65, 69, 70, 71, 73, 123, 193
Trial and error, 241, 243
Triassic, 118, 119
Trilobites, 100, 117
Triploidy, 21, 22
Troglodyte, 34, 50, 314,
type, 314
Troglodytes niger, 33, 314
Tropisms, 204
Tubercule of Darwin, not homologous with apex of horse’s ear, 303
Tubers, 160
Tubules, nephridial or excretory, 280
Types, 54, 55, 66, 83, 84, 92, 116-120, 123, 124, 141, 328, 329,
334, 335, 336;
Ancestral, 92, 117, 276;
annectant, 92;
approximation in, 66;
common ancestral, 83;
Crô-Magnon, 332, 334, 335;
no evidence of its descent from Neanderthal
type, 334;
generalized, 54, 55, 81, 84;
are abstractions, 54, 55;
generic, 116, 117;
persistence of, 118, 123;
Grimaldi, 332;
intergradent, 83;
invertebrate, 117;
modern, 116, 120, 334;
Neanderthaloid, 329, 335;
persistent, 116;
persistence of, 119;
phyletic, 116, 117;
permanence of, 118;
specific, 116, 141
—persistence of, 118, 123;
fossil doctrine of their invariable sequence, 104, 312
Ultramicron, 144, 168;
destitute of reproductive power, 168;
may not be natural unit, 168;
of colloidal solutions, 168
Ultramicroscope, 140, 144;
limit of, 140
Ultraspiritualism of Descartes, 199, 202
Ultra-violet rays, 148, 184
Unchange, not explained by theory of exchange, 123
Understanding, 235
Ungulates, 78, 82;
fossil, 82
Uniformitarianism, 67, 68
Uniformity of nature, 149, 186;
only justification for reconstruction of the past, 149;
principle of, 169
Union of soul and body, according to Descartes, 198, 199
Units, 144, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168, 170, 174-177, 199-201;
difference between, 170;
inorganic, 144, 163, 166, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 201
—and living, 170, 175-177
—incapable of other than transitive action, 174, 177;
living and non-living, 199, 200;
natural, 168;
new, of life to be discovered, 167;
of nature, non-living, 162, 163
Universe, Stone Book of, 127
Uranium, 146
Urea, 173
Ureter, 282
Uroleptus mobilis, 138, 161
Urosthenic, 270
Ursus spelaeus, 326, 329
Use, 291
Utility, 291
Valence, 165;
atomic, 165;
molecular (residual), 165
Variation, 9, 18, 40, 41, 42, 45, 63, 64, 88, 303;
agencies of, 42;
cause of modification, 41;
converges and diverges, 63, 64;
fluctuational, 9, 303;
heritable, 42;
intra-specific, 43;
mutational, a change of loss, 18;
non-inheritable, 42;
process of diversifying, 40, 45;
trans-specific, 43, 88
—no experimental evidence of, 45
Varieties, 334, 342
Vault, 329, 332
Vegetarians, 236
Versatility, 257, 258, 259;
distinctive mark of intelligence, 257, 258
Vertebræ, 279
Vertebrate, 60
Vertebrata, 119, 270, 271, 279-284, 292, 297, 300, 302;
amniotic, 280-282;
anamniotic, 280, 282
Vestigial remnants, 299
Viability, 4, 5, 25, 26, 43, 44
Vibration, 209;
pure, 209;
without vibrant medium, 209
Vinegar fly, 19, 85
Violet, 25, 159
Visceral arches and clefts, 278, 279
Visualist, 219
Vital activity, 201
Vital continuity, 134, 139, 155;
genetic, first article of, 134;
law of, 134, 155;
law of, 139;
its fourth article, 139
Vital force, no special, 201
Vitality, 150;
eludes art of chemist, 150
Vital principle, 172, 200, 203;
as defined by Neo-Vitalists, 172;
entitive, not dynamic, 172;
term alleged to be meaningless, 200;
term in disfavor, 200
Vivisection, 360
Volcanic bombs, 346-348
Volition, 221, 231, 233;
not function of the material organism, 233;
presupposes conception, 221;
rational, has spiritual soul for source and subject, 233;
rational, superorganic, 231
Walrus, 296
Wasp, predatory, 247, 263
Weddas, cranial capacity of, 315
Weight, 315
Whale, 35, 46, 60, 279;
flipper of, 35, 60, 279
White Leghorns, 19
Wild Kirchli, industry of, 331
Will, 221, 232, 235;
insatiable, 232;
of man, free, 232;
self-determining or reflexive, 232;
superior to sensual appetite, 235
Wing venation, 49 _note_, 49
Wisconsin, Cambrian sediments of, 105
Wolffian duct, 281, 282
Woods Hole, 23, 42, 47
World War, 359
Worm, 249
Wormwood, 248, 255;
common, 255
Würtzburg, School of, 219
X-rays, 144, 317
Yoldia Sea, 289
Yolk-sac, 276
Zamia, 118
Zebra, 81
Zones, stratigraphic, 96, 103, 106;
zoögeographical, 99
Zoölogists, 66, 77
Zoölogy, 35, 37, 55, 126, 304
Zoöpsychologists, 240
Zygote, 25, 136, 156-158