Florence; canvas, H. 8 ft. 6 in. × 6 ft. 6 in. St. Julian, who had
built a hospital on the banks of a dangerous river, in expiation
of his involuntary crime of slaying his parents, gives hospitality
to a leper, who is landed from a boat; in background, his wife, at
the door of the hospital, gives bread to the poor. Scarcely had
Julian put the stranger into his own bed when the sick man became
radiant with light, and, informing his benefactor that his crime was
forgiven, disappeared. Acquired by Ferdinand II. in 1653; carried to
Paris in 1799; returned in 1815. Engraved by L. Martelli Faentino; F.
Gregori; G. R. Le Villain; G. B. Gatti.--Gal. du Pal. Pitti, iv. Pl.
5; Landon, Musée, xiii. Pl. 7; Etruria Pittrice, ii. 72; Wicar, 4.
JULIEN DE PARME. See _Julien_, Simon.
JULIEN, SIMON, born at Toulon, Oct. 28, 1735, died in Paris, Feb.
23, 1800. Genre painter, pupil of Dandré-Bardon, Carle Van Loo, and
Natoire. When he joined Natoire’s school the pupils of the other
masters called him Julien the Apostate. He afterwards styled himself
Julien de Parme, after his patron the Duke of Parma. His best works
are: Jupiter sleeping in Juno’s Arms, Aurora leaving Tithonus, St.
Anthony in Ecstasy, Triumph of Aurelian (1783), and Portrait of
Himself (1789), Toulon Museum.--Bellier, i. 849; Gaz. des B. Arts
(1866), xxi. 397; Larousse.
JULIUS II., POPE, portrait, _Raphael_, Palazzo Pitti, Florence;
wood, H. 3 ft. 3 in. × 2 ft. 8 in. Nearly full face, with full white
beard and moustaches, seated in an arm-chair, with a handkerchief
in his right hand. Julius II. (1503–13), previously Cardinal della
Rovere, began present Church of St. Peter, Rome. Painted in Rome
about 1511 or 1512, formerly in S. M. del Popolo, Rome; carried to
Paris in 1799; returned in 1815. Replica in National Gallery, London,
purchased in 1824 with Angerstein Collection; another in the Uffizi,
which came with Victoria della Rovere, when she married Ferdinand
II. de’ Medici. Passavant thinks the Pitti picture the original,
but now many connoisseurs pronounce in favour of the one in the
Uffizi. Cartoon in Palazzo Corsini, Florence. Engraved by Daverio;
G. Ghisi.--Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 338; Müntz, 386; Passavant, ii. 93;
Gal. du Pal. Pitti, i. Pl. 91; Filhol, i. Pl. 65; Springer, 191.
JUNCKER, JUSTUS, born at Mentz in 1703, died at Frankfort in 1767.
German school; still-life, portrait, genre, and landscape painter,
pupil at Frankfort of Hugo Schlegel; subsequently formed himself
after Thomas Wyck, De Heem, and Van Huysum; worked some time in
London, and settled at Frankfort in 1726. Works: Breakfast (2),
Carlsruhe Gallery; Scholar in his Study, Artist at his Easel, Old
Man Reading, Kitchen-pieces (3), Cassel Gallery; Fruit-pieces (3),
Darmstadt Museum; Scholar in his Study (1754), Städel Gallery,
Frankfort; Calm Sea with Vessels and many Figures, Stuttgart Gallery.
JUNDT, GUSTAVE, born at Strasburg, June 21, 1830, died May 14, 1884.
Genre painter and caricaturist, pupil of Guérin, Drolling, and
Biennourry. A clever and faithful delineator of Alsatian peasant
life. First exhibited in Salon of 1856. Medals: 1868; 3d class, 1873;
L. of Honour, 1880. Works: Village Festival (1856); Near a Fountain;
Alpine Strawberries; Mayflowers; Marguerites; Church-Time (1868);
Rainy Weather in the Swiss Oberland, St. Anne’s Money, Returning from
the Pilgrimage (1874); Cutting Hair at a Fair in Auvergne (1876);
Sunday Morning; Time for the Wedding; Billets of Wood, Philosopher’s
Walk at Monaco (1879); Returning from the Wedding, The Gleaner
(1880); Returning, Nice surprised by Snow (1881); Aurora, Twilight
(1882); The First Rays, In the Woods (1883).--Ménard, L’Art en
Alsace-Lorraine; Meyer, Conv. Lex., xviii. 531; Kunst-Chronik, xix.
551.
JUNGHEIM, KARL, born at Düsseldorf, Feb. 6, 1830, died there,
June 6, 1886. Landscape painter, pupil of Schirmer and Schadow;
travelled in the Tyrolese and Swiss Alps and Italy. Medals in
Paris, Vienna, and Philadelphia. Works: Landscape with Stag-Hunt;
Waterfall in Tyrol; Uri-Rotstock on Vierwaldstätter Lake; Lauterbrunn
Valley; Wallenstädter Lake; Evening on Brienz Lake; The Wetterhorn;
Reichenbach Falls near Meiringen; Evening Landscape in Salzburg;
Gosau Lake; Jacobi Garden near Düsseldorf; Sorrento (1872),
Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Capri, Königsee and the Watzmann.--Müller, 288.
JUNKER, HERMANN, born in Frankfort in 1838. Genre painter, pupil
of Städel Institute under Jacob Becker and Steinle, then in 1860
of K. Hausmann, and in 1862–64 studied in Paris and Amsterdam.
Works: Auerbach Cellar in Leipsic; Artist’s Pilgrimage; Old Maid;
Committee of Examiners (1865); Poetry and Prose (1867); Proclamation
of Peace of Versailles (1871); Cycle of twelve Scenes from Goethe’s
Life.--Müller, 289.
JUNO AND HERCULES, _Giulio_ Romano, Bridgewater House, London. Juno,
awaking, snatches the infant Hercules from her breast; background,
a landscape, with boys and satyrs. Remarkably clear and warm in
colouring. Orleans Gallery; bought by Duke of Bridgewater for
£300.--Waagen, Treasures, ii. 29.
JUNO NURSING HERCULES. See _Milky_ Way.
JUPITER, ancient picture. See _Zeuxis_.
JUPITER AND ANTIOPE, Anton van _Dyck_, Munich Gallery. The nymph
asleep upon a bank beneath a drapery which Cupids are suspending from
trees; Jupiter, in form of a satyr, bending on one knee, is raising
the covering from her bosom. Formerly in Düsseldorf Gallery. Replica,
Earl of Coventry. Engraved by Van Kessel; Soutman; Van der Steen;
Val. Green; Ch. de Méchal.--Munich Gal., Pl. 22; Smith, iii. 23; ix.
397; Guiffrey, 253.
By _Titian_, Louvre; canvas, H. 6 ft. 5 in. × 12 ft. 7 in. Antiope,
nearly nude, asleep on a bed of skins under a tree; Jupiter, as a
satyr, lifts the drapery from her form, while Cupid aims an arrow at
him from a branch above; at left, sylvan gods and goddesses engaged
in sport or conversation; in the distance, a huntsman hastens with
his dogs toward a glade where a stag is brought to bay. Painted about
1562 for Philip II. of Spain; called in Spain the Venus del Pardo,
from the Palace of Pardo, near Madrid, where it was injured in the
fire of 1608; given to Charles Stuart when in Spain; bought by Jabach
at sale of the King’s collection in London (1650–51) for £600, and
sold to Cardinal Mazarin, from whose heirs it passed to Louis XIV.
Injured by cleaning in the Louvre in 1661, afterwards restored by
Antoine Coypel; again restored and transferred to new canvas in 1829.
Engraved by Baron and by Corneille.--C. & C., Titian, ii. 317; Cab.
Crozat, ii. Pl. 143; Klas. der Malerei, i. Pl. 61; Mündler, 208;
Villot, Cat. Louvre.
JUPITER AND CALLISTO, _Rubens_, Cassel Gallery; canvas, H. 4 ft. ×
5 ft. 10 in.; signed. Jupiter, under the assumed form of Diana, is
bending on one knee beside the nymph, who is seated on the ground,
with her right hand on a quiver.--Smith, ix. 324.
[Illustration: Jupiter destroying Crimes, Paolo Veronese, Louvre.]
JUPITER DESTROYING CRIMES, Paolo _Veronese_, Louvre; canvas, oval,
H. 18 ft. 5 in. × 10 ft. 10 in. Rebellion, Treason, Luxury, and
Peculation, crimes punished by the Council of Ten, falling overturned
at the sight of Jupiter, armed with thunderbolts, descending from
Olympus on his eagle; below the god, a genius with outstretched wings
holds in one hand the book of laws and in the other a whip with which
he scourges the Crimes. Painted for the ceiling of the Hall of the
Council of Ten, Palazzo Ducale, Venice; carried to France in 1797; in
Musée Napoléon until 1810, when it was placed in the ceiling of the
bed-chamber of Louis XIV. at Versailles; removed in 1858 to Louvre.
Engraved by Maccham (1593).--Landon, Musée, xiii. Pl. 58; Cat.
Louvre; Ridolfi, Marav., ii. 23.
JUPITER AND DANAE. See _Danaë_.
JUPITER AND EUROPA. See _Europa_, Rape of.
JUPITER AND GANYMEDE. See _Ganymede_.
JUPITER, INFANCY OF, _Giulio_ Romano, National Gallery, London;
wood, H. 3 ft. 5 in. × 5 ft. 9 in. Sleeping infant in a cradle,
attended by three women, on a small verdant island, on the further
side of which are two groups of musicians (the Curetes). Formerly in
the Orleans Gallery, then in that of Lord Northwick at Cheltenham,
whence purchased in 1859. The landscape is possibly by Giambattista
Dossi.--Cat. Nat. Gal.
[Illustration: Jupiter and Io, Correggio, Vienna Museum.]
JUPITER AND IO, _Correggio_, Vienna Museum; canvas, H. 5 ft. 1 in.
× 2 ft. 3 in. Io, nude, sitting on a little hill, is embraced by
Jupiter in a cloud; in lower corner, a hind’s head drinking from a
stream. Painted about 1530–32 (?) for Emperor Charles V. (?). Passed
from Spain to Milan, where it belonged to the sculptor Leone Leoni,
whose son Pompeo sold it to Rodolph II.; was taken to Vienna, and
thus escaped the fate of the Leda and the Danaë. Old copy in the
Berlin Museum; mutilated when in the Orleans collection, like the
_Leda_, by Louis the Pious, and passed with it to Berlin. Engraving
of the Vienna original by G. Duchange (1705), by Bartolozzi, Van der
Steen, Mayer, H. Cramer, Réveil, J. Johnson. Berlin copy engraved by
Desrochers.--Meyer, Correggio, 344, 489; Künst. Lex., i. 439; Landon,
Œuvres, viii. Pl. 62; Larousse, ix. 777; Réveil, xii. 817.
By Andrea _Schiavone_, Hermitage, St. Petersburg.
JUPITER AND LEDA. See _Leda_.
JUSTA AND RUFINA, SS., _Murillo_, Seville Museum; canvas, H. 6 ft.
9 in. × 5 ft. 11 in. Standing, looking front, holding between them
a model of the Giralda, as it was before the Christian alterations;
each has a palm in left hand; in front, vases lying on ground.
Painted about 1676 for high altar of Church of Capuchin Convent,
Seville. Companion to SS. Leandro and Bonaventura. Lithographed by
Geoffroy.--Curtis, 258.
JUSTA, ST., _Murillo_, Stafford House, London; H. 3 ft. × 2 ft. 2 in.
Half-length, in yellow robe and blue mantle, standing three-quarters
right, looking up. Companion to St. _Rufina_ (Stafford House).
Probably from Altamira sale (1827), £325 10s., though Lord Gower
thinks the two belonged to Marshal Soult. Engraved by Blanchard,
père.--Curtis, 257; Gower, Hist. Gal. of England.
JUSTICE, _Raphael_, Camera della Segnatura, Vatican; fresco,
medallion on ceiling. Female figure, crowned with diadem, holds sword
in right hand and scales in left. Painted in 1512. Engraved by R.
Morghen, and others.--Müntz, 311, 316, 350.
JUSTICE AND VENGEANCE, Pierre Paul _Prud’hon_, Louvre, Paris; canvas,
H. 8 ft. × 9 ft. 6 in.; signed, dated 1808. At left, in a rocky
desert place, lighted by the moon, a man, poniard in hand, flees from
his victim, a young man whose dead body, nude, is stretched on the
ground; above, flying, are Vengeance, with a torch, ready to seize
the murderer, and Justice, with the sword and scales. Painted for
the Palais de Justice; afterwards in Luxembourg; placed in Louvre in
1826. Copy by Géricault in Louvre. Engraved by Roger, Hocquart, A.
Gelée.--Villot, Cat. Louvre.
JUSTINA, ST., _Moretto_, Vienna Museum; wood, H. 6 ft. 3 in. × 4 ft.
5 in. St. Justina standing, palm in hand, with unicorn by her side
as emblem of chastity; at the right, a knight kneeling; background,
picturesque landscape, a city and mountains. Painted about 1535;
long in Hofburg, Innspruck, whence taken in 1662 to Castle of Ambras
and afterwards to Vienna. Long attributed to Pordenone.--C. & C., N.
Italy, ii. 404.
[Illustration: Martyrdom of St. Justina, Paolo Veronese, S. Guistina,
Padua.]
JUSTINA, ST., MARTYRDOM OF, Paolo _Veronese_, S. Giustina, Padua;
canvas. St. Justina of Padua, accused of being a Christian, is put
to death by order of the Emperor Maximian. She is kneeling with
outstretched arms while the executioner, standing behind, thrusts his
sword into her bosom; two other standing figures at right and two at
left. Painted about 1568. Replica in the Uffizi, Florence. Engraved
by Agos. Carracci (1582); Lasinio.--Lasinio, Gal. de Florence, i. Pl.
47; Bartsch, xviii. 78; Soc. Ed. & Paris, Gal. di Firenze, Pl. 73;
Ridolfi, Marav., ii. 32.
[Illustration: Justinian promulgating the Pandects, Raphael, Vatican.]
JUSTINIAN PROMULGATING THE PANDECTS, _Raphael_, Camera della
Segnatura, Vatican; fresco, left of window. The emperor in a purple
mantle, seated, giving the books to Tribonianus, kneeling; behind the
throne, six jurists, two of whom, Theophilus and Dorotheus, hold the
books of the new Institutions and the Constitutions. Illustrates the
consecration of Civil Law; companion piece to _Gregory_ promulgating
the Decretals. Painted in 1511. Engraved by Fr. Aquila, Fr.
Giangiacomo.--Passavant, ii. 87; Müntz, 311, 344; Vasari, ed. Mil.,
iv. 337.
JUSTUS or JODOCUS OF GHENT, latter half of 15th century. Flemish
school. Supposed by some to be identical with Justus de Allamagna or
Giusto d’Alemania, who painted an Annunciation of the Virgin in the
Convent of S. M. di Castello, Genoa, in 1451, but there is little
if any evidence of it. Justus of Ghent, a contemporary of Van der
Goes and of Van der Meire, and perhaps pupil of Hubert Van Eyck,
was called to Urbino by Duke Federigo di Montefeltro to paint the
portrait of his duchess, and to decorate his library. In 1470–74
he painted the _Last_ Supper, an altarpiece for S. Agata, Urbino,
now in the Town Gallery. In the Palazzo Barberini, Rome, and in the
Louvre, are a series of panels representing poets, philosophers,
etc., supposed to be the decorations of the library at Urbino. If
Justus painted them, he tempered in his later work the harshness of
the Flemish style with Italian breadth and freedom. Works attributed
to him: The Last Judgment, Church of S. Maria, Dantzic; The Nativity,
Benediction of the Holy Sacrament, Antwerp Museum.--Allgem. d.
Biogr., viii. 574; C. & C., Flemish Painters, 171; Dohme, 1i.;
Förster, Denkmale, xliii. 9; Kugler (Crowe), i. 89; Wauters, Peinture
flamande, 76.
JUTZ, KARL, born at Windschlag, Baden; contemporary. Animal painter,
studied in Munich and Düsseldorf; paints small domestic animals,
fowls, and insects with microscopic minuteness and much humour. Lives
in Düsseldorf. Works: Chickens and Ducks; Chickens and Peacock;
Chicken Yard; June-Bug Hunt; At Place of Execution; Much Ado about
Nothing; Chickens in Rainy Weather; Poultry in a Stable, Weimar
Museum.--Müller, 289.
JUVENEL (Jouvenel), PAUL, born in Nuremberg in 1574, died at
Pressburg, Hungary, in 1643. German school; history and portrait
painter, son and pupil of Nicolaus Juvenal (died at Nuremberg, 1597),
then of Adam Elsheimer in Frankfort. He excelled in perspective;
decorated the ceilings of several houses in Nuremberg, and was a
tolerable copyist of Dürer’s works. In 1638 he went to Vienna, and
afterwards settled at Pressburg. His three sons and a daughter were
artists of repute. Works: Ceiling panels, Portraits of Ferdinand II.,
Matthias, Rudolph I. & II., Town Hall, Nuremberg; Copy of Dürer’s
Ascension of Virgin, Frankfort Gallery.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xiv. 762;
Kugler (Crowe), ii. 524.
KAAZ, KARL LUDWIG, born in Carlsruhe or Pforzheim in 1776, died in
Dresden, July 14, 1810. Landscape painter, pupil of Stuttgart Academy
under Johann Müller; went in 1796 to Dresden, and studied in Italy
in 1801–04. Works: Morning Landscape; Two Horsemen riding toward a
Castle; Tivoli; View from Dresden; Ideal Landscape (after Claude
Lorrain), Carlsruhe Gal.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xiv. 778.
KABEL (Cabel), ADRIAAN VAN DER, born at Ryswick, near The Hague, in
1621, died at Lyons in 1695. Dutch school; landscape and marine
painter, pupil of Jan van Goyen; is said to have changed his real
name, Touw (rope), into Kabel; studied in Rome, and shows in his
pictures the style of the Carracci, Salvator Rosa, and other Italian
masters. Works: Treeless Country with Horseman and Woman (1652), Old
Pinakothek, Munich; Landscape with Peasants (?), Germanic Museum,
Nuremberg; others in Aix Museum.--Immerzeel, ii. 94.
KADLIK (Tkadlik), FRANZ, born in Prague, Nov. 23, 1786, died there,
Jan. 16, 1840. History painter, pupil of the Prague Academy under
Bergler, where, besides several other prizes, he won the grand
prize in 1815; went in 1817 to Vienna, where he was influenced by
Franz Caucig, and in 1825 to Rome, after which he painted religious
subjects only. Returned to Vienna in 1832, and in 1836 became
director of the Prague Academy. Works: Hagar in the Desert (1815);
Infant Christ Praying; Return of St. Adalbert to Bohemia, Prague
Gallery; Noah’s Sacrifice, Departure of Tobias, Nativity, Enyo
(1825), Harrach Gallery, Vienna; St. Paul’s Farewell of Miletus, St.
Luke painting the Virgin, Vienna Museum; Pietà; Death of St. Rosalia;
Guardian Angel; St. Ludmilla at Mass; Conversion of Paul; Calling of
Peter; St. John in the Desert, Czernin Gallery, Vienna; Portrait of
Francis I.; of the Slavophile Dobrowsky, Prague Museum.--Allgem. d.
Biogr., xiv. 785; Cotta’s Kunstbl. (1829), 40.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]
KAEMMERER, FREDERIK HENDRIK, born at Ghent; contemporary. Landscape
and genre painter, pupil in Paris of Gérôme. Medal, 3d class,
Paris Salon, 1874. Studio in Paris. Works: Offering to the Lares,
Distraction (1869); Incroyables (1870), Wm. H. Vanderbilt Collection,
New York; Dispute (1872), Wm. Rockefeller, ib.; The Quarrel (1873),
Frank Work, ib. (J. S. Jenkins Collection, Baltimore, $2,675); Coast
of Scheveningen (1874), Corcoran Gallery, Washington; Winter-Day in
Holland (1875); Game of Croquet (1877); Baptism under the Directory
(1878), J. J. Astor, New York; _Wedding_ under the Directory (1879),
Jay Gould, ib.; Portrait of the Marquise (1879); Ascension Day in
the Year VIII. (1880); Under the Arch (1882); Charlatan (1883); The
Swing (1884), S. P. Avery, New York; Autumn Evening (1885); Toast
to the Bride (Morgan Sale, 1886), Charles Crocker, San Francisco;
Sleigh Ride (Seney Sale, 1885), Mr. Coe, New York; Adam and Eve, H.
M. Johnston, Brooklyn; Mandolin Player, H. Nathan, New York; Mating,
F. C. Lawrence, ib. (J. Abner Harper Sale, 1880, $1,300); Autumn on
Terrace of the Tuileries, David Jones Collection, ib. (M. S. Latham
Sale, 1878, $1,125); Lover’s Telegraph, Frank P. Osborn, ib.
KAGER, (JOHANN) MATTHIAS, born in Munich in 1566, died in Augsburg
in 1634. German school; history painter, studied in Munich and in
Rome. After his return to Munich he became court-painter to the
Elector Maximilian of Bavaria, but soon removed to Augsburg, where
he was afterwards elected burgomaster. Painted in fresco, oil, and
water-colour in a stiff but expressive style; was also an engraver
and an architect. Works: Adoration of Shepherds, Augsburg Cathedral;
Last Judgment, City Hall, Augsburg; Finding of the Cross, Church of
our Lady, Munich; St. Andrew, St. Martin’s Church, Landshut; St.
John preaching in the Desert, Germanic Museum, Nuremberg; David and
Abigail, Vienna Museum.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xiv. 794; Andresen, D.
Peintre-Graveur, iv. 351.
KAISER, ERNST, born at Rain, Bavaria, July 20, 1803, died in
Munich, Dec. 26, 1865. Landscape painter, pupil of his father, a
still-life painter, then from 1822 at the Munich Academy. Studied
nature in the Tyrol and the Bavarian Alps. Works: The Hintersee near
Berchtesgaden (1835–40), Königsberg Museum; View in Bavarian Alps
(1842), New Pinakothek, Munich; Königsee; Hintersee and Obersee
near Berchtesgaden (1858); At the Kochelsee, Darmstadt Museum; View
at the Untersberg, Schack Gallery, Munich.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xv.
6; Kunstbl. (1851), 80; (1857), 218; Kunst-Chronik, i. 3; Vincenz
Müller, Handbuch f. München (1845), 144.
KAISER, FRIEDRICH, born at Lörrach, Baden, Jan. 21, 1815. History
and battle painter, was first a lithographer; went to Paris, where
Horace Vernet’s battle-pieces inspired him to take up the same line
of art; studied several years in Munich, in 1848 went to Carlsruhe,
and in 1850 settled in Berlin. Painted also biblical scenes of
elevated composition and fine colouring. Works: Storming of Corfù;
Surprise of Conradin at Tagliacozzo (1863); Wounding of Prince
Frederic Charles at Wiesenthal; Bivouac before Düppel (1864); Attack
of Prussian Hussars; Emperor William inspecting Artillery-position
before Paris (1879); Christ and the Samaritan Woman; Margrave Louis
of Baden’s Victory over the Turks at Szlankament in 1691, Carlsruhe
Gallery.--Dioskuren (1866); Christl. Kunstbl. (1867); Meyer, Conv.
Lex., xvii. 485; Müller, 289; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 293.
[Illustration: Bust]
KALCKREUTH, STANISLAUS VON, Count, born at Kozmin, Posen, Dec. 24,
1821. Landscape painter, pupil in Potsdam of Gustav Wegener, then
in Berlin of Krause, and in 1846–47 of Düsseldorf Academy under
Schirmer, in whose studio he worked until the latter’s removal
to Carlsruhe in 1854. His first pictures were so noteworthy that
the King of Prussia nominated him professor. Was director of the
newly founded Art School at Weimar in 1860–76; visited Styria,
Tyrol, Switzerland, Savoy, Italy, and the Pyrenees, and since 1876
has lived at Kreuznach. Member of Berlin, Amsterdam (1852), and
Rotterdam Academies. Medals, Berlin (2, 1868), Vienna (1873), and
Bordeaux. Works: Monastery of San Giovanni on Lake Como, Obersee
near Berchtesgaden, Hintersee, View on the Aar, Morning Landscape
in Tyrol (1849–52); Lac de Gaube (1858), Königsberg Museum; The
Wetterhorn, Stettin Museum; Canigai Valley (1856), National Gallery,
Berlin; Castle of the Holy Grail, View of Pau (1863); View near
Turin; Lac d’Oo and Monastery Las Casas; View near Bonn; Rhine Valley
near Ragatz; Lake of Wallenstädt; Rocky Landscape (1869); Rosenlaui
Glacier (1878), National Gallery, Berlin; Views in Illier Valley;
Series of 25 Landscapes, Orangery near Potsdam. His son Leopold is
a clever genre and landscape painter, and, since 1885, professor at
the Art School in Weimar. Among his works are: Funeral at Dachau
(1883); Children at Tombstone of a Saint (1884).--Jordan (1885), ii.
111; Kunstblatt (1851), 126; (1855), 191; (1856), 408; (1858), 57;
Kunst-Chronik, xviii. 545; Müller, 290.
[Illustration: Bust]
[Illustration: Signature]
KALF, WILLEM, born in Amsterdam before 1630, died there, July 31,
1693. Dutch school; still-life painter, pupil of Hendrik Pot; painted
fruits, flowers, and vessels most truthfully and with fine colouring.
Excellent arrangement of subjects is pleasing; great success in
rendering the lustre of metal, crystal, and mother-of-pearl.
Occasionally painted genre subjects, especially kitchen scenes.
Works: Hut Interior, Still Life, Louvre; Costly Vessels, Amsterdam
Museum; Interior with Peasants, Rotterdam Museum; Still Life, Berlin
Museum; do. (1643), Städel Institute, Frankfort; do. (1644), Warwick
Castle; do. in Museums of Berlin, Darmstadt, Dresden (1661), Gotha,
Stuttgart, and Weimar (1680); in Galleries of Copenhagen and Schwerin
(1658 and two of 1663); Barn Interior, Carlsruhe Gallery; Still
Life (1658), and Cottage Interiors (2), Hermitage, St. Petersburg;
Interior of a Dutch School, Metropolitan Museum, New York; Kitchen
Utensils, Historical Society, ib.--Ch. Blanc, École hollandaise;
Bode, Studien, 229, 616; Burger, ii. 270.
[Illustration: Bust]
KALKAR, HANS VON, 16th century, born at Kalkar, Westphalia, about
1510, died in Naples about 1546. Venetian school. Real name Johann
Stephan, or Stevens, called by Vasari, Giovanni di Kalkar, or
Giovanni Fiamingo (the Fleming). Went early to Italy, studied in
Venice in 1536–37 under Titian, and was one of his most successful
imitators. At a later period he imitated Raphael with equal skill.
Afterwards went to Naples, where Vasari knew him in 1545. The
Nativity, which was owned by Rubens, who carried it with him on all
his travels, and afterwards at Prague, is now in the Vienna Museum.
Works: Male Portrait (1540), Louvre; do. (1533), Berlin Museum; Male
Portrait, Vienna Museum.--Allgem. d. Biogr., xiii. 692; Ch. Blanc,
École vénitienne; Brockhaus, iii. 830; C. & C., Flemish Painters,
317, 358; Kugler (Crowe), i. 266; Wolff, Die Nikolai Pfarrkirche zu
Calcar, 20; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xi. 375.