22,800 km all 1.500-meter gauge; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
273,700 km total (1990); 236,400 km hard surfaced, 37,300 km earth
Inland waterways:
NA km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
NA
Ports:
maritime - Berdyansk, Il'ichevsk Kerch', Kherson, Mariupol' (formerly
Zhdanov), Nikolayev, Odessa, Sevastopol', Yuzhnoye; inland - Kiev
Merchant marine:
338 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,117,595 GRT/5,403,685 DWT; includes
221 cargo, 11 container, 9 barge carriers, 59 bulk cargo, 9 petroleum
tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 24 passenger
Civil air:
NA major transport aircraft
Airports:
NA
Telecommunications:
inheriting part of the former USSR system, Ukraine has about 7 million
telephone lines (13.5 telephones for each 100 persons); as of 31 January
1990, 3.56 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied;
international calls can be made via satellite, by landline to other CIS
countries, and through the Moscow international switching center; satellite
earth stations employ INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik
:Ukraine Defense Forces
Branches:
Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS
Forces (Ground Navy, Air, and Defense)
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, NA; NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18)
annually
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:United Arab Emirates Geography
Total area:
83,600 km2
Land area:
83,600 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Maine
Land boundaries:
1,016 km total; Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 586 km, Qatar 20 km
Coastline:
1,448 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
defined by bilateral boundaries or equidistant line
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
3 nm (assumed), 12 nm for Ash Shariqah (Sharjah)
Disputes:
boundary with Qatar is unresolved; no defined boundary with Saudi Arabia; no
defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north;
claims two islands in the Persian Gulf occupied by Iran (Jazireh-ye Tonb-e
Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb); claims
island in the Persian Gulf jointly administered with Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu
Musa or Abu Musa,)
Climate:
desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Terrain:
flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert
waste- land; mountains in east
Natural resources:
crude oil and natural gas
Land use:
arable land NEGL%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 2%; forest
and woodland NEGL%; other 98%; includes irrigated NEGL%
Environment:
frequent dust and sand storms; lack of natural freshwater resources being
overcome by desalination plants; desertification
Note:
strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital
transit point for world crude oil
:United Arab Emirates People
Population:
2,522,315 (July 1992), growth rate 5.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
29 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
3 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
27 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
23 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
70 years male, 74 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
4.7 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Emirian(s), adjective - Emirian
Ethnic divisions:
Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian (fluctuating) 50%, other
expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8%; less than 20% of the
population are UAE citizens (1982)
Religions:
Muslim 96% (Shi`a 16%); Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
Languages:
Arabic (official); Persian and English widely spoken in major cities; Hindi,
Urdu
Literacy:
68% (male 70%, female 63%) age 10 and over but definition of literacy not
available (1980)
Labor force:
580,000 (1986 est.); industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%,
government 5%; 80% of labor force is foreign
Organized labor:
trade unions are illegal
:United Arab Emirates Government
Long-form name:
United Arab Emirates (no short-form name); abbreviated UAE
Type:
federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central government and
other powers reserved to member emirates
Capital:
Abu Dhabi
Administrative divisions:
7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), `Ajman, Al
Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
Independence:
2 December 1971 (from UK; formerly Trucial States)
Constitution:
2 December 1971 (provisional)
Legal system:
secular codes are being introduced by the UAE Government and in several
member shaykhdoms; Islamic law remains influential
National holiday:
National Day, 2 December (1971)
Executive branch:
president, vice president, Supreme Council of Rulers, prime minister, deputy
prime minister, Council of Ministers
Legislative branch:
unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis Watani Itihad)
Judicial branch:
Union Supreme Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al NUHAYYAN, (since 2 December 1971),
ruler of Abu Dhabi; Vice President Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid al-MAKTUM (since
8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990),
ruler of Dubayy; Deputy Prime Minister Sultan bin Zayid Al NUHAYYAN (since
20 November 1990)
Political parties and leaders:
none
Suffrage:
none
Elections:
none
Other political or pressure groups:
a few small clandestine groups may be active
Member of:
ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Muhammad bin Husayn Al SHAALI; Chancery at Suite 740, 600 New
Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone (202) 338-6500
US:
Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.; Embassy at Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi
(mailing address is P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi); telephone [971] (2) 336691,
afterhours 338730; FAX [971] (2) 318441; there is a US Consulate General in
Dubayy (Dubai)
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a thicker
vertical red band on the hoist side
:United Arab Emirates Economy
Overview:
The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's highest incomes per
capita outside the OECD nations. This wealth is based on oil and gas, and
the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities.
Since 1973, when petroleum prices shot up, the UAE has undergone a profound
transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to
a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of
production, crude oil reserves should last for over 100 years.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $33.7 billion, per capita $14,100 (1990); real
growth rate 11% (1989)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5.5% (1990 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NEGL (1988)
Budget:
revenues $3.8 billion; expenditures $3.7 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)
Exports:
$21.3 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
commodities:
crude oil 65%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
partners:
Japan 35%, Singapore 6%, US 4%, Korea 3%
Imports:
$11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
commodities:
food, consumer and capital goods
partners:
Japan 14%, UK 10%, US 9%, Germany 9%
External debt:
$11.0 billion (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production:
NA
Electricity:
5,800,000 kW capacity; 17,000 million kWh produced, 7,115 kWh per capita
(1991)
Industries:
petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat
building, handicrafts, pearling
Agriculture:
accounts for 2% of GDP and 5% of labor force; cash crop - dates; food
products - vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs, dairy, fish; only 25%
self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
donor - pledged $9.1 billion in bilateral aid to less developed countries
(1979-89)
Currency:
Emirian dirham (plural - dirhams); 1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils
Exchange rates:
Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1 - 3.6710 (fixed rate)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:United Arab Emirates Communications
Highways:
2,000 km total; 1,800 km bituminous, 200 km gravel and graded earth
Pipelines:
crude oil 830 km, natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km
Ports:
Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal `Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid,
Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid
Merchant marine:
55 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,033,866 GRT/1,772,646 DWT; includes
18 cargo, 8 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off, 20 petroleum tanker, 4 bulk, 1
refrigerated cargo, 1 vehicle carrier
Civil air:
10 major transport aircraft
Airports:
37 total, 34 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways over
3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
adequate system of microwave and coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi
and Dubayy; 386,600 telephones; broadcast stations - 8 AM, 3 FM, 12 TV;
satellite communications ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 2
Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain,
India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave to Saudi
Arabia
:United Arab Emirates Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Federal Police Force
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 974,288; 533,673 fit for military service
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $1.47 billion, 5.3% of GDP (1989 est.)
:United Kingdom Geography
Total area:
244,820 km2
Land area:
241,590 km2; includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
360 km; Ireland 360 km
Coastline:
12,429 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon
boundaries
Exclusive fishing zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
Northern Ireland question with Ireland; Gibraltar question with Spain;
Argentina claims Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); Argentina claims South
Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Mauritius claims island of Diego
Garcia in British Indian Ocean Territory; Rockall continental shelf dispute
involving Denmark, Iceland, and Ireland (Ireland and the UK have signed a
boundary agreement in the Rockall area); territorial claim in Antarctica
(British Antarctic Territory)
Climate:
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic
Current; more than half of the days are overcast
Terrain:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and
southeast
Natural resources:
coal, crude oil, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk,
gypsum, lead, silica
Land use:
arable land 29%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 48%; forest and
woodland 9%; other 14%; includes irrigated 1%
Environment:
pollution control measures improving air, water quality; because of heavily
indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
Note:
lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now
being linked by tunnel under the English Channel
:United Kingdom People
Population:
57,797,514 (July 1992), growth rate 0.3% (1992)
Birth rate:
14 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
11 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
8 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
73 years male, 79 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
1.8 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Briton(s), British (collective pl.); adjective - British
Ethnic divisions:
English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West
Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%
Religions:
Anglican 27.0 million, Roman Catholic 5.3 million, Presbyterian 2.0 million,
Methodist 760,000, Jewish 410,000
Languages:
English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic
(about 60,000 in Scotland)
Literacy:
99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1978 est.)
Labor force:
26,177,000; services 60.6%, manufacturing and construction 27.2%, government
8.9%, energy 2.1%, agriculture 1.2% (June 1991)
Organized labor:
40% of labor force (1991)
:United Kingdom Government
Long-form name:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; abbreviated UK
Type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
London
Administrative divisions:
47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9 regions, and 3 islands
areas
England:
39 counties, 7 metropolitan counties*; Avon, Bedford, Berkshire, Buckingham,
Cambridge, Cheshire, Cleveland, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derby, Devon, Dorset,
Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucester, Greater London*, Greater
Manchester*, Hampshire, Hereford and Worcester, Hertford, Humberside, Isle
of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicester, Lincoln, Merseyside*, Norfolk,
Northampton, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Nottingham, Oxford,
Shropshire, Somerset, South Yorkshire*, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, Tyne and
Wear*, Warwick, West Midlands*, West Sussex, West Yorkshire*, Wiltshire
Northern Ireland:
26 districts; Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge,
Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down,
Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Londonderry, Magherafelt,
Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane
Scotland:
9 regions, 3 islands areas*; Borders, Central, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife,
Grampian, Highland, Lothian, Orkney*, Shetland*, Strathclyde, Tayside,
Western Isles*
Wales:
8 counties; Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwent, Gwynedd, Mid Glamorgan, Powys, South
Glamorgan, West Glamorgan
Independence:
1 January 1801, United Kingdom established
Constitution:
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Dependent areas:
Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Jersey,
Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and
the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
Legal system:
common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no
judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations
National holiday:
Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday in June)
Executive branch:
monarch, prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or House of Lords and a
lower house or House of Commons
Judicial branch:
House of Lords
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES
(son of the Queen, born 14 November 1948)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister John MAJOR (since 28 November 1990)
:United Kingdom Government
Political parties and leaders:
Conservative and Unionist Party, John MAJOR; Labor Party, John SMITH;
Liberal Democrats (LD), Jeremy (Paddy) ASHDOWN; Scottish National Party,
Alex SALMOND; Welsh National Party (Plaid Cymru), Dafydd Iwan WIGLEY; Ulster
Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), James MOLYNEAUX; Democratic Unionist
Party (Northern Ireland), Rev. Ian PAISLEY; Ulster Popular Unionist Party
(Northern Ireland), James KILFEDDER; Social Democratic and Labor Party
(SDLP, Northern Ireland), John HUME; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland), Gerry
ADAMS; Alliance Party (Northern Ireland), John ALDERDICE; Democratic Left,
Nina TEMPLE
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
House of Commons:
last held 9 April 1992 (next to be held by NA April 1997); results -
Conservative 41.9%, Labor 34.5%, Liberal Democratic 17.9%, other 5.7%; seats
- (651 total) Conservative 336, Labor 271, Liberal Democratic 20, other 24
Communists:
15,961
Other political or pressure groups:
Trades Union Congress, Confederation of British Industry, National Farmers'
Union, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
Member of:
AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, C, CCC, CDB, CE, CERN, COCOM, CP, CSCE,
EBRD, EC, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESCAP, ESA, FAO, G-5, G-7, G-10,
GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS,
NATO, NEA, OECD, PCA, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UN
Security Council, UN Trusteeship Council, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Sir Robin RENWICK; Chancery at 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 462-1340; there are British Consulates
General in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, New
York, and San Francisco, and Consulates in Dallas, Miami, and Seattle
US:
Ambassador Raymond G. H. SEITZ; Embassy at 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London,
W.1A1AE, (mailing address is FPO AE 09498-4040); telephone [44] (71)
499-9000; FAX 409-1637; there are US Consulates General in Belfast and
Edinburgh
Flag:
blue with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in
white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint
of Ireland) which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint
Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); known as the Union Flag or Union Jack;
the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a
number of other flags including dependencies, Commonwealth countries, and
others
Note:
Hong Kong is scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China in
1997
:United Kingdom Economy
Overview:
The UK is one of the world's great trading powers and financial centers, and
its economy ranks among the four largest in Europe. The economy is
essentially capitalistic with a generous admixture of social welfare
programs and government ownership. Prime Minister MAJOR has continued the
basic thrust of THATCHER's efforts to halt the expansion of welfare measures
and promote extensive reprivatization of the government economic sector.
Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European
standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labor
force. Industry is a mixture of public and private enterprises, employing
about 27% of the work force and generating 22% of GDP. The UK is an
energy-rich nation with large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary
energy production accounts for 12% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any
industrial nation. In mid-1990 the economy fell into recession after eight
years of strong economic expansion, which had raised national output by one
quarter. Britain's inflation rate, which has been consistently well above
those of her major trading partners, declined significantly in 1991. Between
1986 and 1990 unemployment fell from 11% to about 6%, but crept back up to
8% in 1991 because of the economic slowdown. As a major trading nation, the
UK will continue to be greatly affected by world boom or recession, swings
in the international oil market, productivity trends in domestic industry,
and the terms on which the economic integration of Europe proceeds.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - $915.5 billion, per capita $15,900; real
growth rate -1.9% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5.8% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
8.1% (1991)
Budget:
revenues $435 billion; expenditures $469 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (FY92 est.)
Exports:
$186.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods,
transport equipment
partners:
EC 53.2% (FRG 12.7%, France 10.5%, Netherlands 7.0%), US 12.4%
Imports:
$211.9 billion (c.i.f., 1991)
commodities:
manufactured goods, machinery, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer
goods
partners:
EC 52.2% (FRG 15.6%, France 9.3%, Netherlands 8.4%), US 11.5%
External debt:
$10.5 billion (1990)
Industrial production:
growth rate 0% (1991)
Electricity:
98,000,000 kW capacity; 316,500 million kWh produced, 5,520 kWh per capita
(1991)
:United Kingdom Economy
Industries:
production machinery including machine tools, electric power equipment,
equipment for the automation of production, railroad equipment,
shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and
communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and
paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer
goods
Agriculture:
accounts for only 1.5% of GDP and 1% of labor force; highly mechanized and
efficient farms; wide variety of crops and livestock products produced;
about 60% self-sufficient in food and feed needs; fish catch of 665,000
metric tons (1987)
Economic aid:
donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $21.0 billion
Currency:
British pound or pound sterling (plural - pounds); 1 British pound (#) = 100
pence
Exchange rates:
British pounds (#) per US$1 - 0.5799 (March 1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603
(1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 April-31 March
:United Kingdom Communications
Railroads:
Great Britain - 16,629 km total; British Railways (BR) operates 16,629 km
1.435-meter (standard) gauge (4,205 km electrified and 12,591 km double or
multiple track); several additional small standard-gauge and narrow-gauge
lines are privately owned and operated; Northern Ireland Railways (NIR)
operates 332 km 1.600-meter gauge, including 190 km double track
Highways:
UK, 362,982 km total; Great Britain, 339,483 km paved (including 2,573 km
limited-access divided highway); Northern Ireland, 23,499 km (22,907 paved,
592 km gravel)
Inland waterways:
2,291 total; British Waterways Board, 606 km; Port Authorities, 706 km;
other, 979 km
Pipelines:
crude oil (almost all insignificant) 933 km, petroleum products 2,993 km,
natural gas 12,800 km
Ports:
London, Liverpool, Felixstowe, Tees and Hartlepool, Dover, Sullom Voe,
Southampton
Merchant marine:
224 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,905,571 GRT/4,840,862 DWT; includes
7 passenger, 21 short-sea passenger, 37 cargo, 27 container, 14
roll-on/roll-off, 10 refrigerated cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 1 railcar
carrier, 66 petroleum tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 9 liquefied gas, 1
combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 26 bulk, 1 combination bulk
Civil air:
618 major transport aircraft
Airports:
498 total, 385 usable; 249 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways
over 3,659 m; 37 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 133 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
technologically advanced domestic and international system; 30,200,000
telephones; equal mix of buried cables, microwave and optical-fiber systems;
excellent countrywide broadcast systems; broadcast stations - 225 AM, 525
(mostly repeaters) FM, 207 (3,210 repeaters) TV; 40 coaxial submarine
cables; 5 satellite ground stations operating in INTELSAT (7 Atlantic Ocean
and 3 Indian Ocean), MARISAT, and EUTELSAT systems; at least 8 large
international switching centers
:United Kingdom Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Royal Navy (including Royal Marines), Royal Air Force
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 14,462,820; 12,122,497 fit for military service; no
conscription
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $42 billion, 4.3% of GDP (FY91)
:United States Geography