none
Type:
dependent territory of the UK
Capital:
Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)
Administrative divisions:
none (dependent territory of the UK)
Independence:
none (dependent territory of the UK)
Constitution:
introduced 30 August 1976, suspended in 1986, and a Constitutional
Commission is currently reviewing its contents
Legal system:
based on laws of England and Wales with a small number adopted from Jamaica
and The Bahamas
National holiday:
Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Executive branch:
British monarch, governor, Executive Council, chief minister
Legislative branch:
unicameral Legislative Council
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Michael
J. BRADLEY (since 1987)
Head of Government:
Chief Minister Washington MISSIC (since NA 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Oswald SKIPPINGS; Progressive National
Party (PNP), Washington MISSIC; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Ariel
MISSICK
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
Legislative Council:
last held on 3 April 1991 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by
party NA; seats - (20 total, 13 elected) PNP 8, PDM 5
Member of:
CDB
Diplomatic representation:
as a dependent territory of the UK, the interests of the Turks and Caicos
Islands are represented in the US by the UK
US:
none
Flag:
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the
colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow
and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus
:Turks and Caicos Islands Economy
Overview:
The economy is based on fishing, tourism, and offshore banking. Only
subsistence farming - corn and beans - exists on the Caicos Islands, so that
most foods, as well as nonfood products, must be imported.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - $44.9 million, per capita $5,000; real growth
rate NA% (1986)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Unemployment rate:
12% (1989)
Budget:
revenues $12.4 million; expenditures $15.8 million, including capital
expenditures of $2.6 million (FY87)
Exports:
$2.9 million (f.o.b., FY84)
commodities:
lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
partners:
US, UK
Imports:
$26.3 million (c.i.f., FY84)
commodities:
foodstuffs, drink, tobacco, clothing
partners:
US, UK
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
9,050 kW capacity; 11.1 million kWh produced, 1,140 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
fishing, tourism, offshore financial services
Agriculture:
subsistence farming prevails, based on corn and beans; fishing more
important than farming; not self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),
$110 million
Currency:
US currency is used
Exchange rates:
US currency is used
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Turks and Caicos Islands Communications
Highways:
121 km, including 24 km tarmac
Ports:
Grand Turk, Salt Cay, Providenciales, Cockburn Harbour
Civil air:
Air Turks and Caicos (passenger service) and Turks Air Ltd. (cargo service)
Airports:
7 total, 7 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over
2,439 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
fair cable and radio services; 1,446 telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM,
no FM, several TV; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth
station
:Turks and Caicos Islands Defense Forces
Note:
defense is the responsibility of the UK
:Tuvalu Geography
Total area:
26 km2
Land area:
26 km2
Comparative area:
about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
24 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly
gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Terrain:
very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Natural resources:
fish
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
woodland 0%; other 100%
Environment:
severe tropical storms are rare
Note:
located 3,000 km east of Papua New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean
:Tuvalu People
Population:
9,494 (July 1992), growth rate 1.8% (1992)
Birth rate:
28 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
9 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
34 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
61 years male, 64 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
3.1 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Tuvaluans(s); adjective - Tuvaluan
Ethnic divisions:
96% Polynesian
Religions:
Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i
1%, other 0.6%
Languages:
Tuvaluan, English
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Labor force:
NA
Organized labor:
none
:Tuvalu Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
democracy
Capital:
Funafuti
Administrative divisions:
none
Independence:
1 October 1978 (from UK; formerly Ellice Islands)
Constitution:
1 October 1978
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Executive branch:
British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister,
Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral Parliament (Palamene)
Judicial branch:
High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General
Tupua LEUPENA (since 1 March 1986)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Bikenibeu PAENIU (since 16 October 1989); Deputy Prime
Minister Dr. Alesana SELUKA (since October 1989)
Political parties and leaders:
none
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
Parliament:
last held 28 September 1989 (next to be held by NA September 1993); results
- percent of vote NA; seats - (12 total)
Member of:
ACP, C (special), ESCAP, SPC, SPF, UPU
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador (vacant)
US:
none
Flag:
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the
outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow
five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
:Tuvalu Economy
Overview:
Tuvalu consists of a scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil.
The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence
farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. The islands are too
small and too remote for development of a tourist industry. Government
revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker
remittances. Substantial income is received annually from an international
trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, New Zealand, and the UK and
supported also by Japan and South Korea.
GNP:
exchange rate conversion - $4.6 million, per capita $530; real growth rate
NA% (1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.9% (1984)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $4.3 million; expenditures $4.3 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1989)
Exports:
$1.0 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.)
commodities:
copra
partners:
Fiji, Australia, NZ
Imports:
$2.8 million (c.i.f., 1983 est.)
commodities:
food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
partners:
Fiji, Australia, NZ
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA
Electricity:
2,600 kW capacity; 3 million kWh produced, 330 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
fishing, tourism, copra
Agriculture:
coconuts, copra
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $1 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $101 million
Currency:
Tuvaluan dollar and Australian dollar (plural - dollars); 1 Tuvaluan dollar
($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3117 (March
1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267
(1987)
Fiscal year:
NA
:Tuvalu Communications
Highways:
8 km gravel
Ports:
Funafuti, Nukufetau
Merchant marine:
1 passenger-cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,043 GRT/450 DWT
Civil air:
no major transport aircraft
Airports:
1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 300 radiotelephones; 4,000 radios;
108 telephones
:Tuvalu Defense Forces
Branches:
Police Force
Manpower availability:
NA
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GNP
:Uganda Geography
Total area:
236,040 km2
Land area:
199,710 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
2,698 km total; Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km,
Zaire 765 km
Coastline:
none - landlocked
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June
to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain:
mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Natural resources:
copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
Land use:
arable land 23%; permanent crops 9%; meadows and pastures 25%; forest and
woodland 30%; other 13%; includes irrigated NEGL%
Environment:
straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion
Note:
landlocked
:Uganda People
Population:
19,386,104 (July 1992), growth rate 3.7% (1992)
Birth rate:
51 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
14 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
91 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
50 years male, 52 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
7.2 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Ugandan(s); adjective - Ugandan
Ethnic divisions:
African 99%, European, Asian, Arab 1%
Religions:
Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, rest indigenous beliefs
Languages:
English (official); Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic
languages
Literacy:
48% (male 62%, female 35%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force:
4,500,000 (est.); 50% of population of working age (1983)
Organized labor:
125,000 union members
:Uganda Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Uganda
Type:
republic
Capital:
Kampala
Administrative divisions:
10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern, Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda,
Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western
Independence:
9 October 1962 (from UK)
Constitution:
8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision
Legal system:
government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary
law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Executive branch:
president, vice president, prime minister, three deputy prime ministers,
Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Resistance Council
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice
President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM); note - the Uganda Patriotic
Movement (UPM), Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP), and
Conservative Party (CP) are all proscribed from conducting public political
activities
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
National Resistance Council:
last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held by January 1995); results -
NRM was the only party; seats - (278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210
members elected without party affiliation
Other political or pressure groups:
Uganda People's Front (UPF), Uganda People's Christian Democratic Army
(UPCDA), Ruwenzori Movement
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM,
OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI; 5909 16th Street NW, Washington,
DC 20011; telephone (202) 726-7100 through 7102
US:
Ambassador Johnnie CARSON; Embassy at Parliament Avenue, Kampala (mailing
address is P. O. Box 7007, Kampala); telephone [256] (41) 259792, 259793,
259795
:Uganda Government
Flag:
six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and
red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested
crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side
:Uganda Economy
Overview:
Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular
rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. The economy has
been devastated by widespread political instability, mismanagement, and
civil war since independence in 1962, keeping Uganda poor with a per capita
income of about $300. (GDP remains below the levels of the early 1970s, as
does industrial production.) Agriculture is the most important sector of the
economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export
crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government
has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency
reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing petroleum
prices, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially
aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over 300% in 1987, and
boosting production and export earnings. During the period 1990-91, the
economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the
rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and
exports, and gradually improving domestic security.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $5.6 billion, per capita $300; real growth rate
4.5% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
35% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million, including capital
expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)
Exports:
$208 million (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
coffee 97%, cotton, tea
partners:
US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%
Imports:
$209 million (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation
equipment, food
partners:
Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%
External debt:
$1.9 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.0% (1990); accounts for 5% of GDP
Electricity:
175,000 kW capacity; 315 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Agriculture:
mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force;
cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes,
corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry;
self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169
million
:Uganda Economy
Currency:
Ugandan shilling (plural - shillings); 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,031.3 (March 1992), 734.0 (1991),
428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989), 106.1 (1988), 42.8 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
:Uganda Communications
Railroads:
1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track
Highways:
26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone, gravel, and
laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks
Inland waterways:
Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria
Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell,
both on Lake Victoria
Merchant marine:
1 roll-on/roll-off (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,697 GRT
Civil air:
6 major transport aircraft
Airports:
35 total, 27 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over
3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
fair system with microwave and radio communications stations; broadcast
stations - 10 AM, no FM, 9 TV; satellite communications ground stations - 1
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
:Uganda Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, about 4,132,887; about 2,243,933 for military service
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Ukraine Geography
Total area:
603,700 km2
Land area:
603,700 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
4,558 km total; Belarus 891 km, Czechoslovakia 90 km, Hungary 103 km,
Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west)
362 km, Russia 1,576 km
Coastline:
2,782 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
NA nm
Continental shelf:
NA meter depth
Exclusive fishing zone:
NA nm
Exclusive economic zone:
NA nm
Territorial sea:
NA nm
Disputes:
potential border disputes with Moldova and Romania in northern Bukovina and
southern Odessa oblast
Climate:
temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast;
precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north,
lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to
cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the
country, hot in the south
Terrain:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains
being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean peninsula
in the extreme south
Natural resources:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite,
titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber
Land use:
56% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 12% meadows and pastures; NA% forest
and woodland; 30% other; includes 3% irrigated
Environment:
air and water pollution, deforestation, radiation contamination around
Chernobyl nuclear plant
Note:
strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest
country in Europe
:Ukraine People
Population:
51,940,426 (July 1992), growth rate 0.2% (1992)
Birth rate:
14 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
12 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
22 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
65 years male, 75 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
2.0 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Ukrainian(s); adjective - Ukrainian
Ethnic divisions:
Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Religions:
Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian
Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish
Languages:
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish
Literacy:
NA%
Labor force:
25,277,000; industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 19%,
health, education, and culture 18%, trade and distribution 8%, transport and
communication 7%, other 7% (1990)
Organized labor:
NA
:Ukraine Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
republic
Capital:
Kiev (Kyyiv)
Administrative divisions:
24 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and 1 autonomous republic*
(avtomnaya respublika); Chernigov, Cherkassy, Chernovtsy, Dnepropetrovsk,
Donetsk, Ivano-Frankovsk, Khar'kov, Kherson, Khmel'nitskiy, Kiev,
Kirovograd, Krym (Simferopol')*, Lugansk, L'vov, Nikolayev, Odessa, Poltava,
Rovno, Sumy, Ternopol', Vinnitsa, Volyn' (Lutsk), Zakarpat (Uzhgorod),
Zaporozh'ye, Zhitomir; note - an oblast usually has the same name as its
administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name
following in parentheses)
Independence:
24 August 1991; 1 December 1991 de facto from USSR; note - formerly the
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union
Constitution:
currently being drafted
Legal system:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
National holiday:
Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
Executive branch:
president, prime minister
Legislative branch:
unicameral Supreme Council
Judicial branch:
being organized
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Leonid M. KRAVCHUK (since 5 December 1991)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Vitol'd FOKIN (since 14 November 1991); two First Deputy
Prime Ministers: Valentyn SYMONENKO and Konstantyn MASYK (since 21 May
1991); two Deputy Prime Ministers: Oleh SLEPICHEV and Viktor SYTNYK (since
21 May 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
Ukrainian Republican Party, Levko LUKYANENKO, chairman; Green Party, Yuriy
SHCHERBAK, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Andriy NOSENKO, chairman;
Ukrainian Democratic Party, Yuriy BADZO, chairman; Democratic Rebirth Party,
Oleksandr Volodymyr GRINEV, Oleksandr FILENKO, YEMETS, Miroslav POPOVICH,
Sergei LYLYK, Oleksandr BAZYLYUK, Valeriy KHMELKO, leaders; People's Party
of Ukraine, Leopold TABURYANSKIY, chairman; Peasant Democratic Party, Jerhiy
PLACHYNDA, chairman; Ukrainian Socialist Party, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Leonid
KRAVCHUK 61.59%, Vyacheslav CHERNOVIL 23.27%, Levko LUKYANENKO 4.49%,
Volodymyr GRINEV 4.17%, Iher YUKHNOVSKY 1.74%, Leopold TABURYANSKIY 0.57%
Supreme Council:
last held 4 March 1990 (next scheduled for 1995, may be held earlier in late
1992 or 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (NA total)
number of seats by party NA
:Ukraine Government
Communists:
Communist Party of Ukraine was banned by decree of the Supreme Council on 30
August 1991
Other political or pressure groups:
Ukraninan People's Movement for Restructuring (RUKH)
Member of:
CIS, CSCE, CE, ECE, IAEA, IMF, INMARSAT, IOC, ITU, NACC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Oleh H. BILORUS; Embassy at 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 711,
Washington, DC 20036; telephone (202) 296-6960
US:
Ambassador Roman POPADIUK; Embassy at ;10 Vul. Yuriy Kotsubinskoho, Kiev
(mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone (044) 244-7349; FAX (044)
244-7350
Flag:
two horizontal bars of equal size: azure (sky blue) top half, golden yellow
bottom half (represents grainfields under a blue sky)
:Ukraine Economy
Overview:
Because of its size, geographic location, Slavic population, and rich
resources, the loss of Ukraine was the final and most bitter blow to the
Soviet leaders wishing to preserve some semblance of the old political,
military, and economic power of the USSR. After Russia, the Ukrainian
republic was far and away the most important economic component of the
former Soviet Union producing more than three times the output of the
next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one fourth
of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities
of meat, milk, grain and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its
well-developed and diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw
materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the USSR. In
early 1992 the continued wholesale disruption of economic ties and the lack
of an institutional structure necessary to formulate and implement economic
reforms preclude a near-term recovery of output.
GDP:
$NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate -10% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
83% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
not finalized as of May 1992
Exports:
$13.5 billion (1990)
commodities:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery
and transport equipment, grain, meat
partners:
Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan
Imports:
$16.7 billion (1990)
commodities:
machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles
partners:
none
*** No entry for this item ***
External debt:
$10.4 billion (end of 1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate -4.5% (1991)
Electricity:
NA kW capacity; 298,000 million kWh produced, 5,758 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport
equipment, chemicals, food-processing
Agriculture:
grain, vegetables, meat, milk
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption;
status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment
points for illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
$NA
:Ukraine Economy
Currency:
as of August 1992 using ruble and Ukrainian coupons as legal tender; Ukraine
plans to withdraw the ruble from circulation and convert to a coupon-based
economy on 1 October 1992; Ukrainian officials claim this will be an interim
move toward introducing a Ukrainian currency - the hryvnya - possibly as
early as January 1993
Exchange rates:
NA
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Ukraine Communications