Republic of Senegal
Type:
republic under multiparty democratic rule
Capital:
Dakar
Administrative divisions:
10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack,
Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Independence:
20 August 1960 (from France); The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on
12 December 1981 (effective 1 February 1982) that called for the creation of
a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was
dissolved on 30 September 1989
Constitution:
3 March 1963, last revised in 1991
Legal system:
based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in
Supreme Court, which also audits the government's accounting office; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Executive branch:
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
Socialist Party (PS), President Abdou DIOUF; Senegalese Democratic Party
(PDS), Abdoulaye WADE; 13 other small uninfluential parties
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held NA February 1993); results -
Abdou DIOUF (PS) 73%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 26%, other 1%
National Assembly:
last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held NA February 1993); results - PS
71%, PDS 25%, other 4%; seats - (120 total) PS 103, PDS 17
Other political or pressure groups:
students, teachers, labor, Muslim Brotherhoods
Member of:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNIIMOG, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Ibra Deguene KA; Chancery at 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington,
DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-0540 or 0541
US:
Ambassador Katherine SHIRLEY; Embassy on Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of
Avenue Kleber, Dakar (mailing address is B. P. 49, Dakar); telephone [221]
23-42-96 or 23-34-24; FAX [221] 22-29-91
:Senegal Government
Flag:
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a
small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular
pan-African colors of Ethiopia
:Senegal Economy
Overview:
The agricultural sector accounts for about 20% of GDP and provides
employment for about 75% of the labor force. About 40% of the total
cultivated land is used to grow peanuts, an important export crop. The
principal economic resource is fishing, which brought in about $200 million
or about 25% of total foreign exchange earnings in 1987. Mining is dominated
by the extraction of phosphate, but production has faltered because of
reduced worldwide demand for fertilizers in recent years. Over the past 10
years tourism has become increasingly important to the economy.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $5.0 billion, per capita $615; real growth rate
3.6% (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.0% (1990)
Unemployment rate:
3.5% (1987)
Budget:
revenues $921 million; expenditures $1,024 million; including capital
expenditures of $14 million (FY89 est.)
Exports:
$814 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
commodities:
manufactures 30%, fish products 27%, peanuts 11%, petroleum products 11%,
phosphates 10%
partners:
France, other EC members, Mali, Ivory Coast, India
Imports:
$1.05 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.)
commodities:
semimanufactures 30%, food 27%, durable consumer goods 17%, petroleum 12%,
capital goods 14%
partners:
France, other EC, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Algeria, China, Japan
External debt:
$2.9 billion (1990)
Industrial production:
growth rate 4.7% (1989); accounts for 15% of GDP
Electricity:
215,000 kW capacity; 760 million kWh produced, 100 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, petroleum refining,
building materials
Agriculture:
including fishing, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 75% of labor force;
major products - peanuts (cash crop), millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton,
tomatoes, green vegetables; estimated two-thirds self-sufficient in food;
fish catch of 299,000 metric tons in 1987
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $551 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.23 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $589 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $295
million
Currency:
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural - francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF)
= 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 269.01 (January
1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54
(1987)
:Senegal Economy
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June; note - in January 1993, Senegal will switch to a calendar
year
:Senegal Communications
Railroads:
1,034 km 1.000-meter gauge; all single track except 70 km double track Dakar
to Thies
Highways:
14,007 km total; 3,777 km paved, 10,230 km laterite or improved earth
Inland waterways:
897 km total; 785 km on the Senegal, 112 km on the Saloum
Ports:
Dakar, Kaolack, Foundiougne, Ziguinchor
Merchant marine:
2 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 7,676 GRT/12,310 DWT; includes 1
cargo, 1 bulk
Civil air:
3 major transport aircraft
Airports:
25 total, 19 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways
over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
above-average urban system, using microwave and cable; broadcast stations -
8 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 3 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth
station
:Senegal Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie, National Police
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 1,814,452; 947,723 fit for military service; 88,271 reach
military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 2% of GDP (1989 est.)
:Serbia and Montenegro Geography
Total area:
102,350 km2
Land area:
102,136 km2: note - Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 km2
while Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 km2 and a land area of 13,724
km2
Comparative area:
slightly larger than Kentucky; note - Serbia is slightly larger than Maine
while Montenegro is slightly larger than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
2,234 km total; Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro),
Bosnia and Hercegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro),
Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 239 km, Croatia (south) 15 km, Hungary 151
km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km; note - the internal boundary between
Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline:
199 km; Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Contiguous zone:
NA nm
Continental shelf:
NA meter depth
Exclusive fishing zone:
NA nm
Exclusive economic zone:
NA nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia -
Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the
former Yugoslavia (Serbia) by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian
minority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Climate:
in the north, continental climate - cold winter and hot, humid summers with
well distributed rainfall; central portion, continental and Mediterranean
climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers
and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain:
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone
ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the
southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast; home of
largest lake in former Yugoslavia, Lake Scutari
Natural resources:
oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land use:
arable land 30%; permanent crops 5%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and
woodland 25%; other 20%; includes irrigated 5%
Environment:
coastal water pollution from sewage outlets, especially in tourist related
areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial
cities; water pollution along Danube from industrial waste dump into the
Sava which drains into the Danube; subject to destructive earthquakes
Note:
controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the
Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
:Serbia and Montenegro People
Population:
10,642,000 (July 1992), growth rate NA% (1991)
Birth rate:
NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
Serbia - 70.11 years male, 75.21 years female (1992); Montenegro - 76.33
years male, 82.27 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
NA children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Serbian(s) and Montenegrin(s); adjective - Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic divisions:
Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%
Religions:
Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 100%
Literacy:
89% (male 95%, female 83%) age 10 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
Labor force:
2,640,909; industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)
Organized labor:
NA
:Serbia and Montenegro Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
republic
Capital:
Belgrade
Administrative divisions:
2 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 automous provinces*;
Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Independence:
NA April 1992
Constitution:
NA April 1992
Legal system:
based on civil law system
National holiday:
NA
Executive branch:
president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister
Legislative branch:
Parliament
Judicial branch:
NA
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Dobric COSIC (since NA), Vice President Branko KOSTIC (since July
1991); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of Serbia
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Milan PANIC (since 14 July 1992), Deputy Prime Minister
Aleksandr MITROVIC (since March 1989)
Political parties and leaders:
former Communisty Party, Slobodan MILOSEVIC; Serbian Radical Party, Vojislav
SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Party, Vok DRASKOVIC
Suffrage:
at age 16 if employed, universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
NA
Parliament:
last held 4 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by
party NA; seats - (138 total) former Community Party 73, Radical Party 33,
other 32
Communists:
NA
Other political or pressure groups:
NA
Member of:
CSCE, UN
Diplomatic representation:
none; US does not recognize Serbia and Montenegro
Flag:
NA
:Serbia and Montenegro Economy
Overview:
The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been accompanied by bloody
ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup
of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and
Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military
strife. This new state faces major economic problems. First, like the other
former Yugoslav republics, Serbia and Montenegro depended on their sister
republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and
manufactures. Wide varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of
technology among the six republics accentuated this interdependence, as did
the Communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small
number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp
drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the
destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the
economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic
situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a
Communist government that is primarily interested in political and military
mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the major economic
sanctions by the leading industrial nations.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $44 billion, per capita $4,200; real growth rate
NA% (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
60% per month
Unemployment rate:
25-40%
Budget:
NA
Exports:
$4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%,
miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live
animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco
1%
partners:
principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy, Germany, other EC,
the former USSR, East European countries, US
Imports:
$6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%,
manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%,
miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal
for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
partners:
principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the former USSR, EC
countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East European countries, US
External debt:
$4.2 billion (may assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)
Industrial production:
growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)
Electricity:
8,633,000 kW capacity; 34,600 million kWh produced, 3,496 kWh per capita
(1991)
:Serbia and Montenegro Economy
Industries:
machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and
weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel,
aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining
(coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods
(textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum
products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Agriculture:
the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the
former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina
also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long
growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock
production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo province
produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the
mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat
husbandry; Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the
coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus,
grapes, and rice
Illicit drugs:
NA
Economic aid:
NA
Currency:
Yugoslav New Dinar (plural - New Dinars); 1 Yugo New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990),
15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Serbia and Montenegro Communications
Railroads:
NA
Highways:
46,019 km total (1990); 26,949 km paved, 10,373 km gravel, 8,697 km earth
Inland waterways:
NA km
Pipelines:
crude oil 415 km, petroleum products 130 km, natural gas 2,110 km
Ports:
maritime - Bar; inland - Belgrade
Merchant marine:
43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 866,915 GRT/1,449,094 DWT; includes 19
cargo, 5 container, 16 bulk carriers, 2 combination/ore carrier and 1
passenger ship, under Serbian and Montenegrin flag; note - Montenegro also
operates 3 bulk carriers under the flags of Panama and Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
Civil air:
NA
Airports:
NA
Telecommunications:
700,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 26 AM, 9 FM, 18 TV; 2,015,000
radios; 1,000,000 TVs; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
:Serbia and Montenegro Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, and Air Forces
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 2,545,357; NA fit for military service; 96,832 reach military
age (18) annually (est.)
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Seychelles Geography
Total area:
455 km2
Land area:
455 km2
Comparative area:
slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
491 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
edge of continental margin or 200 nm
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
claims Tromelin Island
Climate:
tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to
September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)
Terrain:
Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are
coral, flat, elevated reefs
Natural resources:
fish, copra, cinnamon trees
Land use:
arable land 4%; permanent crops 18%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
woodland 18%; other 60%
Environment:
lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts
possible; no fresh water - catchments collect rain; 40 granitic and about 50
coralline islands
Note:
located north-northeast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean
:Seychelles People
Population:
69,519 (July 1992), growth rate 0.8% (1992)
Birth rate:
23 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
7 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
-8 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
15 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
65 years male, 75 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
2.4 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Seychellois (singular and plural); adjective - Seychelles
Ethnic divisions:
Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%
Languages:
English and French (official); Creole
Literacy:
85% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
Labor force:
27,700; industry and commerce 31%, services 21%, government 20%,
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12%, other 16% (1985); 57% of population
of working age (1983)
Organized labor:
three major trade unions
:Seychelles Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Seychelles
Type:
republic
Capital:
Victoria
Administrative divisions:
23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse
Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel
Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe Island), Grand' Anse (on
Praslin Island), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri,
Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka
Independence:
29 June 1976 (from UK)
Constitution:
5 June 1979
Legal system:
based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law
National holiday:
Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 5 June (1977)
Executive branch:
president, Council of Ministers
Legislative branch:
unicameral People's Assembly (Assemblee du Peuple)
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, Supreme Court
Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government:
President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977)
Political parties and leaders:
ruling party - Seychelles People's Progressive Front (SPPF), France Albert
RENE; note - in December 1991, President RENE announced that the Seychelles
would begin an immediate transition to a multiparty political system;
registration of new political parties was scheduled to begin in January 1992
Suffrage:
universal at age 17
Elections:
election of delegates to a multiparty constitutional conference is scheduled
for June 1992
President:
last held 9-11 June 1989 (next to be held NA June 1994); results - President
France Albert RENE reelected without opposition
People's Assembly:
last held 5 December 1987 (next to be held NA December 1992); results - SPPF
was the only legal party; seats - (25 total, 23 elected) SPPF 23
Other political or pressure groups:
trade unions, Roman Catholic Church
Member of:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation:
Second Secretary, Charge d'Affaires ad interim Marc R. MARENGO; Chancery
(temporary) at 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900F, New York, NY 10017; telephone
(212) 687-9766
US:
Ambassador Richard W. CARLSON; Embassy at 4th Floor, Victoria House,
Victoria (mailing address is Box 148, Victoria, and Victoria House, Box 251,
Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles, or APO AE 09815-2501); telephone (248) 25256;
FAX (248) 25189
:Seychelles Government
Flag:
three horizontal bands of red (top), white (wavy), and green; the white band
is the thinnest, the red band is the thickest
:Seychelles Economy
Overview:
In this small, open, tropical island economy, the tourist industry employs
about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency
earnings. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment
in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the
government has moved to reduce the high dependence on tourism by promoting
the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $350 million, per capita $5,200; real growth rate
-4.5% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.8% (1990 est.)
Unemployment rate:
9% (1987)
Budget:
revenues $180 million; expenditures $202 million, including capital
expenditures of $32 million (1989)
Exports:
$40 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
commodities:
fish, copra, cinnamon bark, petroleum products (reexports)
partners:
France 63%, Pakistan 12%, Reunion 10%, UK 7% (1987)
Imports:
$186 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
commodities:
manufactured goods, food, tobacco, beverages, machinery and transportation
equipment, petroleum products
partners:
UK 20%, France 14%, South Africa 13%, PDRY 13%, Singapore 8%, Japan 6%
(1987)
External debt:
$189 million (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7% (1987); accounts for 10% of GDP
Electricity:
30,000 kW capacity; 80 million kWh produced, 1,160 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
tourism, processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, coir rope factory, boat
building, printing, furniture, beverage
Agriculture:
accounts for 7% of GDP, mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - coconuts,
cinnamon, vanilla; other products - sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas;
broiler chickens; large share of food needs imported; expansion of tuna
fishing under way
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $26 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1978-89), $315 million; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $60
million
Currency:
Seychelles rupee (plural - rupees); 1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 5.2946 (March 1992), 5.2893 (1991),
5.3369 (1990), 5.6457 (1989), 5.3836 (1988), 5.6000 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Seychelles Communications
Highways:
260 km total; 160 km paved, 100 km crushed stone or earth
Ports:
Victoria
Merchant marine:
1 refrigerated cargo totaling 1,827 GRT/2,170 DWT
Civil air:
1 major transport aircraft
Airports:
14 total, 14 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways
over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
direct radio communications with adjacent islands and African coastal
countries; 13,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 2 TV; 1
Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station; USAF tracking station
:Seychelles Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force, Militia
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 17,739; 9,096 fit for military service
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $12 million, 4% of GDP (1990 est.)
:Sierra Leone Geography