Department of Reunion
Type:
overseas department of France
Capital:
Saint-Denis
Administrative divisions:
none (overseas department of France)
Independence:
none (overseas department of France)
Constitution:
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Legal system:
French law
National holiday:
Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)
Executive branch:
French president, commissioner of the Republic
Legislative branch:
General Council, Regional Council
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeals (Cour d'Appel)
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government:
Commissioner of the Republic Jacques DEWATRE (since July 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
Rally for the Republic (RPR), Francois MAS; Union for French Democracy
(UDF), Gilbert GERARD; Communist Party of Reunion (PCR), Paul VERGES;
France-Reunion Future (FRA), Andre THIEN AH KOON; Socialist Party (PS),
Jean-Claude FRUTEAU; Social Democrats (CDS); other small parties
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
General Council:
last held September/October 1988 (next to be held NA 1994); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total) PCR 9, PS 4, UDF 6, other
left-wing 2, RPR 4, right-wing 19
Regional Council:
last held 16 March 1986 (next to be held NA March 1992); results - RPR/UDF
36.8%, PCR 28.2%, FRA and other right wing 17.3%, PS 14.1%, other 3.6%;
seats - (45 total) RPR/UDF 18, PCR 13, FRA and other right wing 8, PS 6
French Senate:
last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1992); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (3 total) RPR-UDF 1, PS 1, independent
1
French National Assembly:
last held 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held NA June 1993); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (5 total) PCR 2, RPR 1, UDF-CDS 1, FRA
1; note - Reunion elects 3 members to the French Senate and 5 members to the
French National Assembly who are voting members
Communists:
Communist party small but has support among sugarcane cutters, the minuscule
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Reunion (MPLR), and in the district
of Le Port
Member of:
FZ, WFTU
:Reunion Government
Diplomatic representation:
as an overseas department of France, Reunionese interests are represented in
the US by France
Flag:
the flag of France is used
:Reunion Economy
Overview:
The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been
the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for
85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist
industry to relieve high unemployment, which recently amounted to one-third
of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is
extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and
Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the
population, often approaching European standards, whereas indigenous groups
suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the
African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991
illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic
well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from
France.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $3.37 billion, per capita $6,000 (1987 est.);
real growth rate 9% (1987 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.3% (1988)
Unemployment rate:
35% (February 1991)
Budget:
revenues $358 million; expenditures $914 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1986)
Exports:
$166 million (f.o.b., 1988)
commodities:
sugar 75%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 4%, lobster 3%, vanilla and
tea 1%
partners:
France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy
Imports:
$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1988)
commodities:
manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation
equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
partners:
France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%; about 25% of GDP
Electricity:
245,000 kW capacity; 546 million kWh produced, 965 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries:
sugar, rum, cigarettes, several small shops producing handicraft items
Agriculture:
accounts for 30% of labor force; dominant sector of economy; cash crops -
sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco; food crops - tropical fruits, vegetables, corn;
imports large share of food needs
Economic aid:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),
$14.8 billion
Currency:
French franc (plural - francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.6397 (March 1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453
(1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987)
:Reunion Economy
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Reunion Communications
Highways:
2,800 km total; 2,200 km paved, 600 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized
earth
Ports:
Pointe des Galets
Civil air:
3 major transport aircraft
Airports:
2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over
3,659 m; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
adequate system; modern open-wire and microwave network; principal center
Saint-Denis; radiocommunication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new
microwave route to Mauritius; 85,900 telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM,
13 FM, 1 (18 repeaters) TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
:Reunion Defense Forces
Branches:
French Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie)
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 164,974; 85,370 fit for military service; 6,083 reach military
age (18) annually
Note:
defense is the responsibility of France
:Romania Geography
Total area:
237,500 km2
Land area:
230,340 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
2,508 km total; Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and
Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (south) 169 km
Coastline:
225 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers
with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Terrain:
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the plain of Moldavia on the
east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on
the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Natural resources:
crude oil (reserves being exhausted), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore,
salt
Land use:
arable land 43%; permanent crops 3%; meadows and pastures 19%; forest and
woodland 28%; other 7%; includes irrigated 11%
Environment:
frequent earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure
and climate promote landslides; air pollution in south
Note:
controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova,
and the Ukraine
:Romania People
Population:
23,169,914 (July 1992), growth rate 0.0% (1992)
Birth rate:
14 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
-3 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
22 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
68 years male, 74 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
1.8 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Romanian(s); adjective - Romanian
Ethnic divisions:
Romanian 89.1%, Hungarian 8.9%, German 0.4%, Ukrainian, Serb, Croat,
Russian, Turk, and Gypsy 1.6%
Religions:
Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6%, Greek Catholic (Uniate) 3%,
Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 15%
Languages:
Romanian, Hungarian, German
Literacy:
96% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)
Labor force:
10,945,700; industry 38%, agriculture 28%, other 34% (1989)
Organized labor:
until December 1989, a single trade union system organized by the General
Confederation of Romanian Trade Unions (UGSR) under control of the Communist
Party; since CEAUSESCU'S overthrow, newly created trade and professional
trade unions are joining umbrella organizations, including the Organization
of Free Trade Unions, Fratia (Brotherhood), and the Alfa Cartel; many other
trade unions have been formed
:Romania Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
republic
Capital:
Bucharest
Administrative divisions:
40 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu);
Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov,
Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna,
Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi,
Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu,
Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
Independence:
1881 (from Turkey); republic proclaimed 30 December 1947
Constitution:
8 December 1991
Legal system:
former mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory that
increasingly reflected Romanian traditions is being revised
National holiday:
National Day of Romania, 1 December (1990)
Executive branch:
*** No entry for this item ***
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate (Senat) and a
lower house or House of Deputies (Adunarea Deputatilor)
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court of Justice
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990, previously President of
Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Teodor STOLOJAN (since 2 October 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
National Salvation Front (FSN), Petre ROMAN; Democratuc National Salvation
Front (DNSF), Olivia GHERMAN; Magyar Democratic Union (UDMR), Geza DOMOKOS;
National Liberal Party (PNL), Radu CAMPEANU; National Peasants' Christian
and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU; Ecology Movement (MER), Toma
Gheorghe MAIORESCU; Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR), Radu CEONTEA;
there are now more than 100 other parties; note - although the Communist
Party has ceased to exist, small proto-Communist parties, notably the
Socialist Labor Party, have been formed
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Ion ILIESCU 85%,
Radu CAMPEANU 10.5%, Ion RATIU 3.8%
Senate:
last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1992); results - FSN 67%, other
33%; seats - (118 total) FSN 92, UDMR 12, PNL 9, PUNR 2, PNTCD 1, MER 1,
other 1
House of Deputies:
last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1992); results - FSN 66%, UDMR 7%,
PNL 6%, MER 2%, PNTCD 2%, PUNR 2%, other 15%; seats - (387 total) FSN 263,
UDMR 29, PNL 29, PNTCD 12, MER 12, PUNR 9, other 33
:Romania Government
Member of:
BIS, CCC, CSCE, ECE, FAO, G-9, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD,
IFC, IIB, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Aurel MUNTEANU; Chancery at 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC
20008; telephone (202) 232-4747
US:
Ambassador John R. DAVIS; Embassy at Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest
(mailing address is APO AE 09213-5260); telephone [40] (0) 10-40-40; FAX
[40] (0) 12-03-95
Flag:
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the
national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been
removed; now similar to the flags of Andorra and Chad
:Romania Economy
Overview:
Industry, which accounts for about one-third of the labor force and
generates over half the GDP, suffers from an aging capital plant and
persistent shortages of energy. The year 1991 witnessed about a 17% drop in
industrial production because of energy and input shortages and labor
unrest. In recent years the agricultural sector has had to contend with
flooding, mismanagement, shortages of inputs, and disarray caused by the
dismantling of cooperatives. A shortage of fuel and equipment in 1991
contributed to a lackluster harvest, a problem compounded by corruption and
a poor distribution system. The new government is loosening the tight
central controls of CEAUSESCU'S command economy. It has instituted moderate
land reforms, with more than one-half of cropland now in private hands, and
it has liberalized private agricultural output. Also, the new regime is
permitting the establishment of private enterprises, largely in services,
handicrafts, and small-scale industry. A law providing for the privatization
of large state firms has been passed. Most of the large state firms have
been converted into joint-stock companies, but the selling of shares and
assets to private owners has been delayed. While the government has halted
the old policy of diverting food from domestic consumption to hard currency
export markets, supplies remain scarce in some areas. Furthermore, real
wages in Romania fell about 20% in 1991, contributing to the unrest which
forced the resignation of ROMAN in September. The new government continues
to impose price ceilings on key consumer items.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - $71.9 billion, per capita $3,100; real growth
rate - 12% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
215% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
4% (1991 est.)
Budget:
revenues $19 billion; expenditures $20 billion, including capital
expenditures of $2.1 billion (1991 est.)
Exports:
$4.0 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
machinery and equipment 29.3%, fuels, minerals and metals 32.1%,
manufactured consumer goods 18.1%, agricultural materials and forestry
products 9.0%, other 11.5% (1989)
partners:
USSR 27%, Eastern Europe 23%, EC 15%, US 5%, China 4% (1987)
Imports:
$5.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
fuels, minerals, and metals 56.0%, machinery and equipment 25.5%,
agricultural and forestry products 8.6%, manufactured consumer goods 3.4%,
other 6.5% (1989)
partners:
Communist countries 60%, non-Communist countries 40% (1987)
External debt:
$2 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
growth rate -17% (1991 est.)
Electricity:
22,700,000 kW capacity; 64,200 million kWh produced, 2,760 kWh per capita
(1990)
Industries:
mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, machine
building, food processing, petroleum
:Romania Economy
Agriculture:
accounts for 15% of GDP and 28% of labor force; major wheat and corn
producer; other products - sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, milk,
eggs, meat, grapes
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route
Economic aid:
donor - $4.4 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed
countries (1956-89)
Currency:
leu (plural - lei); 1 leu (L) = 100 bani
Exchange rates:
lei (L) per US$1 - 198.00 (March 1992), 76.39 (1991), 22.432 (1990), 14.922
(1989), 14.277 (1988), 14.557 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Romania Communications
Railroads:
11,275 km total; 10,860 km 1.435-meter gauge, 370 km narrow gauge, 45 km
broad gauge; 3,411 km electrified, 3,060 km double track; government owned
(1987)
Highways:
72,799 km total; 35,970 km paved; 27,729 km gravel, crushed stone, and other
stabilized surfaces; 9,100 km unsurfaced roads (1985)
Inland waterways:
1,724 km (1984)
Pipelines:
crude oil 2,800 km, petroleum products 1,429 km, natural gas 6,400 km
Ports:
Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia; inland ports are Giurgiu, Drobeta-Turnu
Severin, Orsova
Merchant marine:
262 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,320,373 GRT/5,207,580 DWT; includes
1 passenger-cargo, 174 cargo, 2 container, 1 rail-car carrier, 9
roll-on/roll-off cargo, 13 petroleum tanker, 60 bulk, 2 combination ore/oil
Civil air:
59 major transport aircraft
Airports:
165 total, 165 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with runways
2,440-3,659 m; 15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
poor service; about 2.3 million telephone customers; 89% of phone network is
automatic; cable and open wire; trunk network is microwave; present phone
density is 9.85 per 100 residents; roughly 3,300 villages with no service
(February 1990); broadcast stations - 12 AM, 5 FM, 13 TV (1990); 1 satellite
ground station using INTELSAT
:Romania Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 5,799,837; 4,909,642 fit for military service; 184,913 reach
military age (20) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - 50 billion lei (unofficial), NA% of GDP (1991);
note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current
exchange rate could produce misleading results
:Russia Geography
Total area:
17,075,200 km2
Land area:
16,995,800 km2
Comparative area:
slightly more than 1.8 times the size of the US
Land boundaries:
20,139 km total; Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605
km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 290 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km,
Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania
(Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 167 km, Poland
(Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Ukraine 1,576 km
Coastline:
37,653 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
NA nm
Continental shelf:
200-meter depth or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Exclusive fishing zone:
NA nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
inherited disputes from former USSR including: sections of the boundary with
China, a section of the boundary with Tajikistan; boundary with Latvia,
Lithuania, and Estonia; Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan Islands and the
Habomai island group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, claimed by Japan;
maritime dispute with Norway over portion of the Barents Sea; has made no
territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and
does not recognize the claims of any other nation
Climate:
ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of
European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north;
winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers
vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Terrain:
broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra
in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
Natural resources:
wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas,
coal, and many strategic minerals; timber; note - formidable obstacles of
climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources
Land use:
NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest
and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated
Environment:
despite its size, only a small percentage of land is arable and much is too
far north; permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to
development; catastrophic pollution of land, air, water, including both
inland waterways and sea coasts
Note:
largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in
relation to major sea lanes of the world
:Russia People
Population:
149,527,479 (July 1992), growth rate 0.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
15 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
11 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
31 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
63 years male, 74 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
2.1 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Russian(s); adjective - Russian
Ethnic divisions:
Estonian NA%, Latvian NA%, Lithuanian NA%, Russian NA%, other NA%
Religions:
Russian Orthodox NA%, unknown NA%, none NA%, other NA%
Languages:
Estonian NA%, Latvian NA%, Lithuanian NA%, Russian NA%, other NA%
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write
Labor force:
78,682,000 (1989); industry and construction 43.0%, agriculture and forestry
13.0%, transport and communication 7.9%, trade and distribution 7.9%, other
28.2%
Organized labor:
NA
:Russia Government
Long-form name:
Russian Federation
Type:
federation
Capital:
Moscow
Administrative divisions:
20 autonomous republics (avtomnykh respublik, singular - automnaya
respublika); Adygea (Maykop), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatia (Ulan-Ude),
Checheno-Ingushetia (Groznyy), Chuvashia (Cheboksary), Dagestan
(Makhachkala), Gorno-Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Kabardino-Balkaria (Nal`chik),
Kalmykia (Elista), Karachay-Cherkessia (Cherkessk), Karelia (Petrozavodsk),
Khakassia (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordvinia
(Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz; formerly Ordzhonikidze), Tatarstan
(Kazan'), Tuva (Kyzyl), Udmurtia (Izhevsk), Yakutia (Yakutsk); 49 oblasts
(oblastey, singular - oblast'); Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'sk,
Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Ivanovo,
Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchata (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Kemerovo, Kirov,
Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Lipetsk, Magadan,
Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhegorod (Nizhniy Novgorod; formerly Gor'kiy), Novgorod,
Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orel, Orenburg, Penza, Perm', Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan',
Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara (formerly Kuybyshev), Saratov,
Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver' (formerly
Kalinin), Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladmir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh,
Yaroslavl'; 6 krays (krayer, singular - kray); Altay (Barnaul), Khabarovsk,
Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorskiy (Vladivostok), Stavropol; note - the
cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg have oblast status; an administrative
division has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the
administrative center name following in parentheses); it is possible that 4
more administrative divisions will be added
Independence:
24 August 1991, declared by Supreme Council (from Soviet Union; formerly
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic); 1 December 1991 referendum on
independence passed
Constitution:
a new constitution is in the process of being drafted
Legal system:
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; does not
accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
NA
Executive branch:
president, vice president, Security Council, President's Administration,
Council of Ministers
Legislative branch:
Congress of People's Deputies, Supreme Soviet
Judicial branch:
Constitutional Court
Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government:
*** No entry for this item ***
President Boris YEL'TSIN (since 12 June 1991), Vice President Aleksandr
RUTSKOY (since 12 June 1991), State Secretary Gennadiy BURBULIS (since July
1991); 1st Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Yegor GAYDAR (since
March 1992), 2nd Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Aleksandr
SHOKHIN (since 7 November 1991)
:Russia Government
Political parties and leaders:
Democratic Russia, A. Lev PONOMAREV and Gleb YAKUNIN, cochairmen; Democratic
Party of Russia, Nikolay TRAVKIN, chairman; People's Party of Free Russia,
Aleksandr RUTSKOY, chairman; Russian Movement for Democratic Reforms,
Gavriil POPOV, chairman
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 12 June 1991 (next to be held 1996); results - percent of vote by
party NA%
Congress of People's Deputies:
last held March 1990 (next to be held 1995); results - percent of vote by
party NA%; seats - (1,063 total) number of seats by party NA
Supreme Soviet:
last held May 1990 (next to be held 1995); results - percent of vote by
party NA%; seats - (252 total) number of seats by party NA
Communists:
NA
Other political or pressure groups:
NA
Member of:
CIS, CSCE, ESCAP, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IMF, INTERPOL, IMO,
INMARSAT, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NACC, NSG, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNTSO,
UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZG
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador LUKIN; Chancery at 1125 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036;
telephone (202) 628-7551
US:
Ambassador Robert S. STRAUSS; Embassy at Ulitsa Chaykovskogo 19/21/23,
Moscow (mailing address is APO AE 09721); telephone [7] (095) 252-2450
through 59; there is a consulate at St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad);
future consulates will be in Yekaterinburg and Vladivostok
Flag:
tricolor; three equal bands of white (top), blue, red (bottom)
:Russia Economy