FOOD AND DRESS
The third necessary room in a Siamese house is the kitchen, where the
two daily meals are prepared. There are no cooking-ranges and no
fireplaces of European pattern. Food is cooked and water boiled over
small charcoal furnaces, usually made of earthenware. The little furnace
has the shape of a bucket. Half-way down there is a tray perforated with
holes, on which the charcoal is placed. Below the shelf, in one side of
the utensil, there is a hole. A draught is obtained by waving a fan
backwards and forwards in front of this hole. The air enters through the
aperture, ascends through the openings in the shelf, and so keeps the
lighted charcoal glowing. The earthenware pots in which the food is
cooked are supported by the top rim of the furnace. Every pot requires a
separate furnace to itself, but as rice is often the only food that
requires the application of heat, this causes but little difficulty,
and few kitchens would contain more than two or three of these simple
fireplaces.
The chief food is rice. This is washed three or four times in different
changes of water, and then placed in cold water over the charcoal fire.
As soon as the water boils, it is poured away, and the cooking is
finished in the steam of the water left behind. When everything is
ready, the rice is turned out into a dish; each grain is swollen to
quite a large size, is dry, and as white as snow.
With the rice various kinds of curry are eaten. They are made from
vegetables, fruit, and fish. Frog, decayed prawns, stale fish, and other
choice morsels figure in the menu. All the curries are highly flavoured
with vinegar, pepper, and strong-tasting spices. The Siamese are so
accustomed to these highly flavoured dishes that they would look upon a
meal of turkey and plum-pudding as utterly tasteless and insipid. One of
the sauces in common use contains chillies, stale prawns, black pepper,
garlic, onions, citron-juice, ginger, and brine!
When the members of the family sit down to take a meal, they squat on
the floor. A big bowl of rice is placed in the centre of the ring, and
round it are arranged smaller basins of curry. Everybody helps himself,
so that the fastest eater gets the biggest share. Forks and knives are
not used, and very often spoons also are lacking. In such cases fingers
take the place of spoons, and they seem to serve the purpose equally
well. Of course, the fingers get greasy and sticky, but they can be put
in the mouth and licked clean again quite easily and quickly.
Each member of the family knows how to cook--father, mother, and
children--for there are few dishes to prepare, and the preparation of
these is an art soon acquired. Two meals only are taken each day--one in
the morning and another in the early evening. Between whiles tea is
drunk, tobacco is smoked, and betel-nut is chewed. The hours for meals
are rather irregular, and often the hungry members do not wait for those
whose appetites are less keen, but begin as soon as ever the rice is
boiled. Amongst the rich the men eat first and by themselves. What they
leave serves for their wives and children, and the last remnants of all
are thrown to the dogs.
As dessert there are many kinds of fruit, some of which are unknown in
this country. Amongst the most popular fruits are young coco-nuts; the
ripest of bananas; mangoes, that taste at first like a mixture of
turpentine and carrots, but which, after a few efforts, are found to be
as pleasant to the palate as the apple or the pear; mangosteens--little
sweet snow-white balls set in crimson caskets; durians, that smell like
bad drains, but taste, when one is used to them, like a mixture of
strawberries, ices, honey, and all other things that are pleasant to
eat.
When the meal is over, each person washes his own rice-bowl, and turns
it upside down in a basket in the corner of the room to drip and dry
till it is needed again.
Dress is a very simple matter. There are no such things as fashions. The
smallest children wear no clothing at all, except, perhaps, a necklace
of coral or beads. The garment worn as a covering for the lower part of
the body is the same for all--King and peasant, man, woman, and child.
As seen in pictures and photographs, it resembles a pair of baggy
knickerbockers. It consists of a long strip of coloured cloth, about the
same size and shape as a bath-towel. The method of draping it about the
body is not easily explained on paper. This much, however, may be said:
there are no pins, tapes, buttons, or fastenings of any kind; but the
_panoong_, as it is called, is so cleverly twisted and tied, that it can
be worn at all times and under all circumstances without any fear of it
ever becoming loose. You may run in it, sleep in it, or swim in it, and
you will always be perfectly cool and comfortable. This is the only
native garment for men, though in the capital, and in other places where
white men are seen, the people have learned to wear white linen jackets.
These are buttoned to the throat, and collars and shirts are not
required. Shoes and stockings are not known, except where the European
has taught their use. The soles of the feet get so hard that, in time,
they are like leather itself, and cut or wounded feet are very seldom
seen.
The women wear a coloured scarf, called the _pahom_, wound round the
upper part of the body. This is the only addition to the costume of the
men ever invented by the ladies of Siam. As for hats, there are no such
things, except a few big straw-plaited erections that look like baskets
turned upside down, and which are worn by the women who sit selling
their goods in the markets.
The _panoong_ and the _pahom_ are of brightly coloured material, and a
Siamese crowd is always a picturesque sight. According to one of the
many superstitions that prevail in the country, every day of the week is
under the rule of some particular planet, and to be fortunate throughout
the day one should wear garments and jewels of the same colour as the
ruling planet. Many rich people do actually observe this custom, and
wear red silk and rubies on Sundays in honour of the sun; white and
moonstones on Monday, the day of the moon; light red and coral on
Tuesday, the day of Mars; green and emeralds on Wednesday, the day of
Jupiter; stripes and cat's-eyes for Jupiter's Thursday; silver blue and
diamonds on Friday, when Venus rules; and dark blue and sapphires on
Saturday, when the chief planet is Saturn.