New York, brought over a land steam fire-engine to be placed in the
International Exhibition. This was worked in public at Hodges'
Distillery on the 24th of March previous to the opening of the
Exhibition.
Shand and Mason supplied the London Fire Brigade in April, 1862, with
the eighth land steam fire-engine of their construction. Messrs.
Merryweather and Sons, of London, placed their first land steam
fire-engine in the International Exhibition of 1862, but this, like
the ninth by Shand and Mason, was not in time for the opening, and
consequently could not compete for a prize medal, which was awarded to
Lee and Larned, of New York.
A public trial, however, took place before the jury of the Exhibition,
of which the following is an account extracted verbatim from the
jurors' published reports:--
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1862.
SPECIAL JURY FOR FIRE-ENGINES.
J. F. BATEMAN, F.R.S., _London_; Civil Engineer.
CAPT. BENT, _London_; Superintendent of Fire Arrangements in the
Exhibition.
W. M. BROWN, _London_; Superintendent of Westminster Fire Brigade.
EARL OF CAITHNESS, _London_.
J. HAWKSHAW, _London_; Civil Engineer.
C. JENNY, _Austria_; Councillor of Mines in the Imperial Royal Academy
of Mines at Schemnitz.
P. LUUYT, _France_; Engineer to the Imperial Commissioners of Mines.
J. E. McCONNELL, _Wolverton_; late Locomotive Superintendent of the
London and North Western Railway.
O. PIHL, _Norway_; Civil Engineer.
W. M. RANKINE, _Glasgow_; Professor of Mechanics in the University of
Glasgow.
CAPT. SHAW, _London_; Superintendent of the London Fire Brigade.
DUKE OF SUTHERLAND, _London_.
F. B. TAYLOR, _United States_; Mechanical Engineer.
H. THOMAS, _Zollverein_; Manufacturer.
H. TRESCA, _France_; Professor of Mechanics, President of the French
Institute of Civil Engineers.
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE OF CLASS VIII. ON FIRE-ENGINES.
_After detailing the Trials of Hand-worked Fire-Engines, the Report
states that_,--
The Committee next proceeded to take the necessary steps for trying
the steam fire-engines on the 1st of July, and, as before, invited the
engine builders to a preliminary meeting, that they might receive full
information as to the rules and regulations to be observed.
In compliance with this invitation, the following engine-makers
attended a meeting on the 28th of June, viz:--
Mr. Lee, of the firm of Lee and Larned, Novelty Iron-works,
New York.
Messrs. Merryweather and Son.
Messrs. Shand and Mason.
Mr. Lee declined to produce his steam fire-engine for trial, alleging
various reasons for so doing, and though strongly urged, persisted in
his resolution, and declined the contest.
Messrs. Merryweather and Son expressed themselves ready to produce
their steam fire-engine on the appointed day.
Messrs. Shand and Mason informed the Committee that the engine which
they had intended to work would not be ready owing to an accident, but
requested permission to produce for trial two steam-engines made by
them for the London Fire-Engine Establishment, although they were not
in the Exhibition. All the arrangements having been made for trying
several engines together, the Committee granted this request, as
otherwise only one engine would have been present, and a complete
table of results could therefore not have been obtained.
The Committee assembled in the appointed place at eight o'clock on the
morning of the 1st of July, and found three engines present, viz., one
of Messrs. Merryweather and Son and two of Messrs. Shand and Mason.
After the Committee had examined the boilers and machinery generally,
the engine-makers filled their respective boilers with cold water from
the river, and fires having been laid, the three were lighted at the
same moment, and the makers were ordered to commence working into a
tank at sixty feet distance as soon as they had attained a steam
pressure of 100 lbs. to the square inch.
Messrs. Merryweather's engine attained the pressure named in 12
minutes 10 seconds, Messrs. Shand and Mason's large engine in 18
minutes 30 seconds, the small engine in about 30 minutes, some
mismanagement having occurred which compelled them to draw the fire in
the latter and light it a second time. Messrs. Merryweather's engine
commenced working as arranged when the steam-gauge indicated a
pressure of 100 lbs., and was 2 minutes and 50 seconds at work before
water passed through the nose-pipe. Notwithstanding this very serious
defect, this engine had poured 500 gallons of water into a tank 60
feet distant in 17 minutes and 15 seconds from the time at which the
fire was lighted. After the difficulty of drawing the water had been
surmounted, this engine worked well, and threw an admirable jet,
losing 15 lbs. steam-pressure during the first trial. After three
trials this engine became disabled; it was, however, repaired on the
ground in about an hour and a half, and resumed work at the ninth
trial, continuing to work well until the thirteenth, when it became
again disabled, and was withdrawn by the maker, to the great regret of
the Committee, who were thus left to continue the experiments with
only two engines, both made by one firm.
Messrs. Shand and Mason's large engine was 18 minutes 30 seconds
getting up steam to 100 lbs., and when started drew water instantly,
losing during the first trial 5 lbs. of steam-pressure.
This engine was severely tested, and worked without accident
throughout the day, the seventeenth trial lasting no less than 63
minutes, during which the steam and water were both kept to a pressure
of 90 lbs. on the square inch throughout, working through a 1-3/8 inch
nose-pipe.
At the eighteenth and last trial this engine threw a good vertical
jet.
Messrs. Shand and Mason's small engine did not raise the steam to 100
lbs. in less than 30 minutes, owing, of course, partly to the
mismanagement already mentioned, and partly to the nature of the
boiler and fire-box, which, according to the makers' account, are not
adapted for raising steam in the shortest possible time. After the
engine got to work the steam-pressure was well sustained, and the
engine continued working the entire day without accident, concluding
in the evening by throwing a good vertical jet.
During the time occupied by the trials the direction of the wind was
W.N.W. to W. by N., pressure 2-1/2 to 4-1/2 lbs. on the square foot.
The barometer stood at 29.97 inches.
_Summary._
On the whole the Committee find as follows:--
Messrs. Merryweather and Son have produced, at a price of 700_l._, a
steam fire-engine, weighing, according to the makers' account, 65
cwt., with jets and lamps, but without water, coal, suction-pipes,
hose, or other gear, and capable, if no accidents occur, of throwing
in an available stream the following average quantities of water per
minute:--
Distance. Angle. Quantity.
61 feet. 10 deg. 230 gallons.
85 " 21 deg. 124 "
Messrs. Shand and Mason have produced an engine, at a cost of 650_l._,
weighing, according to their statement, 55 cwt., with jets and lamps,
but without water, coals, suction-pipes, hose, or other gear, and
capable of throwing in an available stream the following average
quantities of water per minute:--
Distance. Angle. Quantity.
61 feet. 10 deg. 250 gallons.
63 " 18 deg. 165 "
82 " 14 deg. 172 "
85 " 21 deg. 137 "
102 " 11 deg. 94 "
104 " 17 deg. 19 "
Messrs. Shand and Mason have also produced, at a price of 370_l._, an
engine which, under the same conditions, weighs 35 cwt., and is
capable of throwing in an available stream the following average
quantities per minute:--
Distance. Angle. Quantity.
61 feet. 10 deg. 142 gallons.
63 " 18 deg. 133 "
82 " 14 deg. 56 "
85 " 21 deg. 27 "
The best performance during the five trials from which this last
average was taken being forty-six gallons, and the lowest five gallons
per minute.
At greater distances, in consequence of the wind, this engine could
not deliver a stream, but continued working without accident
throughout the day, and concluded in the evening by throwing a good
vertical jet.
SUTHERLAND, CHAIRMAN.
E. M. SHAW, HON. SEC.
* * * * *
Shand and Mason's tenth land steam fire-engine was supplied to the
London Brigade in June, 1862, and their twelfth, in February, 1863,
upon orders given on the 4th January, 1862. But as the Committee of
the London Fire Brigade were now negotiating with Government to take
the duty of extinguishing fires off their hands, no orders for
steam-engines were given out by them after the above date.
* * * * *
STEAM FIRE-ENGINE COMPETITION,
CRYSTAL PALACE, LONDON, 1863.
Towards the close of 1862, several engineers and other gentlemen
interested in the improvement of steam fire-engines, offered prizes to
be awarded at competitive trials to take place in London. The
following is the Committee's published account of these trials which
were held in the grounds of the Crystal Palace Company on the 1st,
2nd, and 3rd July, 1863.
The Committee consisted of the following gentlemen, viz.:--
_Chairman._
HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF SUTHERLAND.
_Members._
THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF CAITHNESS.
LORD RICHARD GROSVENOR, M.P.
J. G. APPOLD, ESQ.
J. T. BATEMAN, ESQ.
W. M'BROWNE, ESQ.
T. R. CRAMPTON, ESQ.
W. M. CROSSLAND, ESQ.
W. FAIRBAIRN, ESQ.
T. HAWKSLEY, ESQ.
J. E. McCONNELL, ESQ.
HENRY MAUDSLAY, ESQ.
J. MATHEWS, ESQ.
J. NASMYTH, ESQ.
J. PENN, ESQ.
WILLIAM SMITH, ESQ.
_Hon. Sec._
CAPTAIN E. M. SHAW.
The engines were divided into two classes, the large class consisting
of those weighing over 30 cwts., and not exceeding 60 cwts. and the
small class of those not exceeding 30 cwts.
The prizes offered were 250_l._ for the best engine, and 100_l._ for
the second best, in each class.
The chief points to which the Committee directed their attention, in
addition to the consideration of cost and weight, were those relating
to the general efficiency of the machines as fire-engines, combining
among other points of excellence--
Rapidity in raising and generating steam.
Facility of drawing water.
Volume thrown.
Distance to which it can be projected with the least amount of loss.
Simplicity, accessibility, and durability of parts.
LARGE CLASS.
FIRST TRIAL.
Delivering 1000 gallons into a tank at a true distance of 67 feet, and
27 deg. from the horizon. Depth from which water was drawn, 4 feet 6
inches. The water in the boiler being cold when the signal was given
to commence, each engine commencing to work on attaining steam
pressure of 100lb. to the square inch.
+---+-----------------+--------------+----------+---------+--------+
| | | | Time of | Time of | |
|No.| MAKER. | Weight. | raising | filling | Total |
| | | | Steam to | Tank. | Time. |
| | | | 100lbs. | | |
+---+-----------------+--------------+----------+---------+--------+
| | | T. c. q. lbs.| ' " | ' " | ' " |
| 1 | Easton & Amos, | 2 18 3 12 | 13 14 | 6 16 | 19 30 |
| | London | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| 2 | Merryweather & | 2 18 0 8 | 10 25 | 9 42 | 20 7 |
| | Son, London | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| 3 | Shand & Mason, | 2 17 1 0 | 10 51 | 12 19 | 23 10 |
| | London | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| 4 | Butt and Co., | 2 14 0 4 | 16 30 | 6 48 | 23 18 |
| | United States | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| 5 | Roberts, London | 1 19 1 4 | 11 40 | 20 24 | 32 4 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | Nichols | 2 10 1 4 | Did not work. |
| | (Manhattan) | | |
| | United States | | |
| | | | |
| | Gray & Son, | 1 18 1 4 | Did not work. |
| | London | | |
+---+-----------------+--------------+----------+---------+--------+
MERRYWEATHER AND SON began to work at 100 lbs., fell directly to 40
lbs., and continued so throughout; stopped and steam rose to 130 lbs.
SHAND AND MASON--Suction-pipe choked; left off working about 2
minutes.
SECOND TRIAL.
Delivering 1000 gallons into tank at same distance commencing with
full steam.
+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+
| | | Steam at | Steam | Time of |
| No. | NAME. | Beginning. | during | filling |
| | | | Work. | Tank. |
+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+
| | | | | ' " |
| 1 | Shand & Mason | 100 | | 3 0 |
| | | | | |
| 2 | Butt & Co. | 100 | | 3 3 |
| | | | | |
| 3 | Merryweather & Son | 145 | | 3 7 |
| | | | | |
| 4 | Roberts | 80 | | 12 30 |
+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+
Roberts did not fill the tank.
THIRD TRIAL.
Delivering into large tank at a horizontal distance of 40 feet, a
vertical height of 40 feet, a true distance of 56 feet, and at an
angle of 45 degrees from the horizon, the depth from which water was
drawn being 16 feet 4 inches.
Key:
A--No. of Deliveries Open.
B--Length of Hose.
C--Average Steam Pressure.
D--Average Water Pressure.
E--No. of Gallons Delivered.
+-----+-----------+---------+---+---+--------+----+----+-------+-------+
| | | | | |Size of | | | |Time of|
|No.| Name. | Time. | A | B |Nozzle. | C | D | E |Raising|
| | | | | | | | | |Steam. |
+---+-------------+---------+---+---+--------+----+----+-------+-------+
| | |hr. m. s.| | | | | | | |
| 1 | Merryweather| 1 24 55 | 2 |440| 1-1/2 | 91 | 89 |16,086 |10' 32"|
| | & Son | | | | | | | | to |
| | | | | | | | | | 80lbs.|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Shand | 2 0 0 | 2 |440| 1-1/2 &| 96 | 62 |12,917 |11' 21"|
| | & Mason | | | | 1-3/8 | | | | to |
| | | | | | | | | |120lbs.|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Roberts | 2 0 0 | 1 |420| 1-1/4 | 75 | 75 | 9,936 |11' 20"|
| | | | | | | | | | to |
| | | | | | | | | | 80lbs.|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Butt & Co. | 0 46 50 | 2 |440| 1-1/2 | 78 | 78 | 8,280 |14' 10"|
| | | | | | | | | | to |
| | | | | | | | | | 45lbs.|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Easton & | 1 32 35 | 2 |440| 1-3/8 | 98 | 41 | 3,036 |12' 30"|
| | & Amos | | | | | | | | to |
| | | | | | | | | | 90lbs.|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Nichols | 0 4 55 | 2 |420| 1-1/2 | -- | -- | None. |13' 09"|
| | (Manhattan) | | | | | | | | to |
| | | | | | | | | | 45lbs.|
+---+-------------+---------+---+---+--------+----+----+-------+-------+
MERRYWEATHER AND SON--Fire lighted at 4h. 1m. 55s.; gauge moved at 4h.
8m. 20s.; engine started at 4h. 12m. 27s.; water drawn in about 10
revolutions; pumps not primed, valve box leaked slightly, and engine
worked satisfactorily in every respect.
SHAND AND MASON--Fire lighted at 11h. 25m. 46s.; gauge moved at 11h.
32m. 53s.; engine started at 11h. 37m. 7s.; pump primed at 11h. 45m.
48s.; drew water at 11h. 47m.; water first through the nozzle at 11h.
48m. 59s.; in hood at 11h. 49m. 19s.; shifted nozzle (3-1/4m. delay);
high wind.
ROBERTS--Fire lighted at 11h. 17m.; engine, started at 11h. 28m. 20s.
BUTT AND CO.--Fire lighted at 5h. 55m. 10s.; started engine at 6h. 9m.
20s.; repeatedly stopped from slide valves not acting, and stopped
entirely at 6h. 46m., from cylinder cover breaking.
EASTON AND AMOS--Fire lighted at 2h. 2m. 35s.; gauge moved 2h. 10m.;
started engine at 2h. 15m. 5s.; pumps primed, worked till 2h. 54m.
5s.; stopped to shift plungers; went to work again, and stopped
entirely at 3h. 35m. 10s., from two fire bars falling out.
NICHOLS (Manhattan)--Fire lighted at 10h. 51m. 14s.; gauge moved at
10h. 59m. 20s.; drew water directly; steam up to 140lbs. at 11h. 8m.
45s.; stopped two minutes; started again; made a few revolutions, and
fly-wheel broke.
FOURTH TRIAL
Vertical Jet against Tower.
+-----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+
| No. | Name. | Size | Greatest Height |
| | | of Jet. | Thrown. |
+-----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+
| 1 | Shand & Mason | 22/16 | 180 ft. |
| | | | |
| 2 | Merryweather & Son | 26/16 | 180 ft. |
| | | | |
| 3 | Roberts | 14/16 | 150 ft. |
| | | | |
| 4 | Lee & Co | 21/16 | 55 ft. |
+-----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+
GRAY'S engine lighted fire at 7h. 7m. 40s.; steam 9lbs. at 7h. 17m.
0s.; got to work at 7h. 23m. 40s. to blow fires; at 7h. 27m. 0s. water
through hose. Owing to some of the pipe connected with the steam gauge
breaking, no further experiments could be made.
SMALL CLASS.
FIRST TRIAL.
Delivering 1000 gallons into a tank at a true distance of 50ft. and
37 deg. from the horizon. Depth from which water was drawn, 4ft. 6in. The
water in the boilers being cold when the signal was given to commence,
each engine commencing to work on attaining steam pressure of 100lbs.
to the square inch.
+---+---------------+---------------+-----------+---------+--------+
| | | | Time of | Time of | |
|No.| Name. | Weight. | raising | filling | Total |
| | | | Steam | Tank. | Time. |
| | | | to 100lbs.| | |
+---+---------------+---------------+-----------+---------+--------+
| | | T. c. q. lbs.| ' " | ' " | ' " |
| 1 | Shand & Mason | 1 9 2 0 | 11 36 | 5 24 | 17 0 |
| | | | | | |
| 2 | Lee & Co | 1 10 0 0 | 11 55 | 6 3 | 17 58 |
| | | | | | |
| 3 | Merryweather | 1 10 1 12 | 12 15 | 9 14 | 21 29 |
| | & Son | | | | |
+---+---------------+---------------+-----------+---------+--------+
Owing to a broken bolt, there was great leakage in water cylinder of
Lee and Co's. engine.
SECOND TRIAL.
Delivering 1000 gallons into tank at same distance, commencing with
full steam.
+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+
| | | Steam | Steam | Time |
| No. | Name. | at | during | filling |
| | | Beginning. | Work. | Tank. |
+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+
| | | | | ' " |
| 1 | Shand & Mason | 85 | -- | 5 49 |
| | | | | |
| 2 | Lee & Co. | 125 | -- | 5 50 |
| | | | | |
| 3 | Merryweather & Son | 100 | -- | 6 17 |
+---------------------------------------+--------+---------+
The leakage in Lee and Co's. engine was remedied.
THIRD TRIAL.
Delivering into large tank, commencing with Full Steam. At a
horizontal distance of 40ft., a vertical height of 40ft., a true
distance of 56ft., and at an angle of 45 deg. from the horizon; the depth
from which water was drawn being 16ft. 4in.
Key
A--Number of Deliveries open.
B--Average Steam Pressure.
C--Average Water Pressure.
D--No. of Gallons Delivered.
+--------------+---+---------+---+--------+---------+-----+----+------+
| | | | | Length | Size of | | | |
| Name. |No.| Time. | A | of | Nozzle. | B | C | D |
| | | | | Hose. | | | | |
+--------------+---+---------+---+--------+---------+-----+----+------+
| | | h. m. s.| | | in. | | | |
| Shand & | 1 | 1 0 0 | 1 | 420 | 1 & | 146 | 80 | 8142 |
| Mason | | | | | 1-1/4 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Merryweather | 2 | 1 0 0 | 1 | 420 | 7/8 | 86 | 45 | 4885 |
| & Son | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Lee & Co. | 3 | 1 0 0 | 1 | 420 | 3/4 | 80 | 60 | 4278 |
| | | | | | | | | |
+--------------+---+---------+---+--------+---------+-----+----+------+
SHAND AND MASON--Steam ready at 150 lbs.; started at 7h. 3m. 32s.;
stopped at 7h. 12m. 5s. to put on an additional length of hose; worked
well throughout.
MERRYWEATHER AND SON--Steam ready at 110 lbs.; commenced work at 3h.
43m. 30s.; pumps primed.
LEE AND CO.--Steam ready, started at 2h. 1m. 0s.; worked well, without
any stoppage.
AWARDS.
At a meeting of the Committee held on the 8th July, 1863, his Grace
the Duke of Sutherland in the Chair, the following prizes were
awarded:--
LARGE CLASS.
Messrs. Merryweather & Sons, 1st Prize, 250_l._
Messrs. Shand & Mason 2nd Prize, 100_l._
Mr. W. Roberts, highly commended.
SMALL CLASS.
Messrs. Shand & Mason 1st Prize, 250_l._
Messrs. W. Lee & Co. 2nd Prize, 100_l._
(Signed) On behalf of the Committee,
SUTHERLAND, CHAIRMAN.
E. M. SHAW, HON. SEC.
From the above trials it was found that the first prize large-class
engine weighed 6504 lbs., and delivered in one hour 11,366 gallons,
being at the rate of 196 gallons for each hundred-weight of the
engine; while the first prize small-class engine delivered in the same
time 8142 gallons, or 276 for each hundred-weight of the engine,
showing that the latter engine delivered nearly one-half more water in
proportion to its weight, than was delivered by the large one, the
conditions of the two trials being the same.
As the greatest amount of power in the smallest possible bulk and
weight, was considered most available for use at London fires, the
Committee of the London Fire Brigade, although not in a position, for
the reasons already stated, to purchase additional steam fire-engines,
commenced hiring Shand, Mason, and Co.'s prize engines, and at the
close of 1865 had four such in use in this manner.
The Metropolitan Fire Brigade, an extension of the late London Fire
Brigade, has now (May, 1866) the following steam fire-engines in
use:--The Floating Steam Fire-engine, by Shand and Mason, in 1855; a
Land Steam Fire-engine by Easton and Amos, which was worked at the
Crystal Palace trials, and is now used in a barge as a floating
engine; one by Roberts, which was also worked at the Crystal Palace;
three by Merryweather and Sons; and fifteen of Shand, Mason, and Co.'s
Land Steam Fire-engines.
METROPOLITAN FIRE BRIGADE.
The disastrous results of the great fire at Tooley-street, in 1861, at
which Mr. Braidwood lost his life, fully demonstrated the inadequacy
(in men and appliances) of the fire brigade supported by the insurance
offices, and as these bodies declined extending their establishment so
as to meet the wants of the whole of the metropolis, a Parliamentary
inquiry was instituted, which resulted in the passing of the following
Act:--
ANNO VICESIMO OCTAVO & VICESIMO NONO
VICTORIAE REGINAE.
CAP. XC.
An Act for the Establishment of a Fire Brigade within the
Metropolis. [5th July, 1865.]
WHEREAS it is expedient to make further provision for the
protection of life and property from fire within the
metropolis: Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent
Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords
Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present
Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as
follows:
_Preliminary._
1. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the
"Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act, 1865."
2. For the purposes of this Act the "Metropolis" shall mean
the City of _London_ and all other parishes and places for
the time being within the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan
Board of Works:
"Insurance Company" shall include any persons corporate or
unincorporate, or any person carrying on the business of
fire insurance.
3. The expression "Metropolis Local Management Acts" shall
mean the Acts following; that is to say, "The Metropolis
Management Act, 1855," "The Metropolis Management Amendment
Act, 1856," and "The Metropolis Management Amendment Act,
1862."
_Establishment and Duties of Fire Brigade._
4. On and after the first day of _January_ one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six the duty of extinguishing fires
and protecting life and property in case of fire shall
within the metropolis be deemed for the purposes of this Act
to be entrusted to the Metropolitan Board of Works; and with
a view to the performance of that duty it shall be lawful
for them to provide and maintain an efficient force of
firemen, and to furnish them with all such fire engines,
horses, accoutrements, tools, and implements as may be
necessary for the complete equipment of the force, or
conducive to the efficient performance of their duties.
5. The said Board, hereinafter referred to as the Board, may
take on lease, purchase, or otherwise acquire stations for
engines, stables, houses for firemen, and such other houses,
buildings, or land as they may think requisite for carrying
into effect the purposes of this Act, and may from time to
time sell any property acquired by or vested in them for the
purposes of this Act:
The Board may also contract with any company or persons
authorized to establish the same for the establishment of
telegraphic communication between the several stations in
which their fire engines or firemen are placed, and between
any of such stations and other parts of the metropolis.