Caribs, the, belief in the plurality of souls, ii. 339
Carinthia, ceremonies on St. George’s Day in, i. 84, 85;
ceremony at the installation of a prince of, i. 232, 233
Carmona, custom in, ii. 184, 185
Carnival, ceremony of burying the, i. 244, 252-257, 270, 272
Carnival Fool, i. 256
Carpathus islanders, reluctance to have their likenesses drawn, i. 148,
149;
transference of sickness by the, ii. 154
Cashmere stories, the external soul in, ii. 302-304
Cat, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 11, 12;
burnt, ii. 283
Caterpillars, method of freeing a garden from, ii. 130
Cattle, trees and, i. 72 _sq._;
driven through the fire, ii. 273
Cedar, the sacred, of Gilgit, i. 69
Celebes, the, and the soul, i. 123-125;
custom regarding infested persons, i. 154;
superstition regarding the knife, i. 177;
blood not spilt on the ground by the, i. 182;
custom at a birth, ii. 329;
harvest festival, ii. 376
Celtic human sacrifices, ii. 278-284;
the external soul in Celtic stories, ii. 313, 314
Ceram, rain-making in, i. 13;
superstition regarding the blood of women in, i. 187;
hair cutting superstition in, i. 194; ii. 328;
disease boats in, ii. 185, 186;
ceremony in epidemic, ii. 187;
seclusion of girls in, ii. 229;
initiation ceremony, ii. 354-356
Chaeronea, human scapegoat in, ii. 210, 211
Chambéry, threshing ceremony at, ii. 23
Chedooba, ceremony on felling a tree in the island of, i. 64
Cheremiss, expulsion of Satan by the, ii. 180, 181
Cherokee Indians, purification festival of the, ii. 166, 167
Chester, procession of mock giant at, ii. 281
Chibchas, weather kings of the, i. 44
Children sacrificed by their parents, i. 235-237
Chile, preservation of cut hair in, i. 204
China, emperors of, offer public sacrifices, i. 8;
rain-charm in, i. 18;
emperor held responsible for drought, etc., i. 49;
abstention from knives after a death in, i. 177;
ceremony to welcome the return of spring in, ii. 42, 43;
special seat of courage amongst the Chinese, ii. 87;
cannibalism in, ii. 89;
human scapegoat in, ii. 191;
festival of the aboriginal tribes of, ii. 193
Chios, rites of Dionysus at, i. 329
Chippeways, seclusion of women amongst the, ii. 239, 240
Chiriguanos, seclusion of girls by the, ii. 231
Chitomé, the, i. 113-115;
not allowed to die a natural death, i. 217, 218
Cholera, driving away, ii. 161, 189, 191
Chontal Indians, the nagual amongst the, ii. 333
Christian, Captain, shooting of, i. 181
Christmas customs, i. 60, 334; ii. 6, 7, 29-31, 141, 142, 144
Chrudim, ceremony of carrying out Death at, i. 259, 260
Chuwash, the, test of a suitable sacrificial victim, i. 36
Circassians, the pear-tree believed to be the protector of cattle by the,
i. 73
Circumcision, i. 171
Clucking-hen, ii. 8
Cobern, fire festival at, ii. 250
Cobra Capella, sacrifice of the, ii. 94, 95
Cock, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 7-10
Columbia River, Indians of the, and the salmon, ii. 121, 122
Comanches, rain-charm used by the, i. 18
Compitalia, festival of the, ii. 83
Congo belief in the souls of trees, i. 60;
the Chitomé in the kingdom of, i. 113;
negroes and soul selling, i. 139;
initiatory rites in the valley of the, ii. 345, 346
Coorg rice-harvest ceremonies, ii. 72, 73
Corea, kings of, confined to their palaces, i. 164;
may not be touched, i. 172;
tigers’ bones valuable in, ii. 87
Corn drenched as a rain-charm, i. 286;
double personification of the, i. 358, 359;
reaper, binder, or thresher wrapt up in corn, i. 370, 371
—— baby, ii. 23
—— goat, ii. 13, 14
—— mother, i. 232, 233;
a prototype of Demeter, i. 356
Corn queen, i. 341
—— spirit, the, as the grandmother, etc., i. 336-343;
as youthful, i. 343-346;
death of, i. 363, 364;
binding persons in sheaves as representatives of the, i. 367-372;
pretence of killing the, or its representative, i. 372-380;
represented by a stranger, i. 375-380;
represented by a human victim, i. 390-395;
how the representative is chosen, i. 393;
as an animal, ii. 1-67;
as a cock, ii. 7-10;
as a hare, ii. 11;
as a cat, ii. 11, 12;
as a goat, ii. 12-17;
as a bull, ii. 19-24;
as a calf, _ib._;
as a cow, ii. 20, 21;
as a mare, ii. 24, 25;
as a horse, ii. 26;
as a pig, ii. 26-31;
parallelism between the anthropomorphic and theriomorphic conceptions of
the, ii. 32;
death of the, ii. 33;
suggested explanation of the embodiment of the, in animal form, ii. 34;
the ox as the embodiment of the, ii. 41-43
—— wolf, ii. 3-7, 30
—— woman, i. 342, 343
Cornwall, May-day custom in, i. 75;
midsummer bonfires in, i. 101; ii. 262;
reaping cries in, i. 407
Corsica, midsummer fires in, ii. 266
Cough, cure for, ii. 154
Court ceremonies, i. 22, 23; ii. 88
Cow, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 20, 21;
sacred, ii. 61;
man in cow’s hide, ii. 145, 146;
cow as a scapegoat, ii. 200, 201
Cracow, harvest customs in, i. 340
Crannon, rain-charm at, i. 21
Creek Indians, festival of the first-fruits amongst the, ii. 75-78;
opinions held regarding the properties of various foods amongst the, ii.
85, 86;
seclusion of women by the, ii. 239
Crete, sacrifices in, i. 173;
festival of Dionysus in, i. 324;
worship of Demeter in, i. 331
Croatia, beating in, ii. 216
Crocodiles spared from fear of the vengeance of other crocodiles, ii. 109
Crops, kings and priests punished for the failure of the, i. 46-48;
human sacrifices for the, i. 383, 384;
ceremonies at the eating of the new, ii. 69, 71;
sacramental eating of the new, ii. 68-77
Crying the Neck, i. 405-408
Curka Coles of India, their belief that the tops of trees are inhabited,
i. 65
Curse, ceremony of making the curse to fly away, ii. 150, 151
Cyzicus, construction of the council chamber of, i. 174
Dacotas and the resurrection of the dog, ii. 123
Daedala, festival of the, i. 100-103
Dahomey, king of, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162
Damaras, custom of the, after travel, i. 158;
blood of cattle not shed by the, i. 182
Danae, ii. 237
Danger Islanders, soul snare used by the, i. 138, 139
Danzig, burying of cut hair in, i. 202;
reaping custom, i. 333;
harvest ceremony, i. 367, 368
Dards, the, rain-charm, i. 19
Darfur, veiling the sultan of, i. 162;
the sultans and their courtiers, i. 222;
the liver thought to be the seat of the soul in, ii. 88
Darowen, midsummer bonfires at, ii. 262
Dead Sunday, i. 254, 260
Death, preference for a violent, i. 216, 217;
superstition concerning, i. 260;
“carrying out,” i. 257-261, 264-271; ii. 207;
driving out, i. 258, 259, 272, 276;
in the custom of “carrying out” Death is probably a divine scapegoat,
ii. 206-208;
ceremonies at the burying of, ii. 250;
effigy of, i. 257 _sq._
Debden, May Day custom in, i. 76
Deer, regard for, ii. 117, 118
Deities, reduplication of, i. 360-362
Demeter, the corn mother, i. 331, 332;
festivals of, ii. 44-47;
as a pig, ii. 44-49;
legend of the Phigalian, ii. 49;
representation of the black, ii. 49;
and Proserpine, myth of, i. 330, 331;
probable origin of, i. 355 _sq._;
prototypes of, i. 356, 357
Demons, the soul carried off by, i. 132-135
Denderah, tree of Osiris at, i. 308
Denmark Christmas customs, ii. 29, 30;
midsummer bonfires, ii. 289
Devils, ceremony at the expulsion of, ii. 151, 158, 159-162, 170-185, 192,
193, 203;
represented by men and expelled, ii. 183-185
Devonshire reaping cries, i. 405, 406;
rain-charm, i. 408;
cure for cough, ii. 154
Diana, rule of the priesthood of, i. 2, 3, 6;
ceremonies at the festival of, i. 5;
Arician Grove said to be first consecrated to her by Manius Egerius, i.
5;
a tree goddess, i. 105
Diana’s mirror, i. 1
Dieyerie of South Australia, rain-making by the, i. 20;
tree superstition amongst the, i. 62
Dingelstedt, harvest custom at, i. 371
Dionysus, marriage of, i. 104;
titles of, i. 320, 321;
myth of, i. 322-325;
rites of, i. 324, 329; ii. 43-46, 90;
rites of, similar to those of Osiris, i. 319, 320;
as an animal, i. 325-327, ii. 34-38;
association of, with Demeter and Proserpine, ii. 37
Diseases sent away in boats, ii. 185-189, 192 _sq._
Divine beasts, i. 48
—— king, dependence of nature upon the, i. 109
—— kings, i. 49;
care taken of, i. 115;
cease to govern, i. 118, 119
—— kings and priests, burdensome observances placed upon, i. 110-118;
effects of these burdens, i. 118-120
—— Man as scapegoat, ii. 201, 205
—— persons, seclusion of, ii. 242, 243
—— spirit, transmigration of, i. 42-44
Divining rods made from the mistletoe, ii. 367
Dog, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 3-7;
the flesh of the, eaten, ii. 87;
resurrection of the, ii. 123;
used as a scapegoat, ii. 194, 195
Domalde, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47
Douai, annual procession at, ii. 280
Dreams, festival of, ii. 165, 166
Druids, oak-worship of the, i. 58
Dublin, May Day custom in, i. 101
Duk-duk, the, ii. 352 _sq._
Duke of York Island, fishing ceremony by the natives of, ii. 120
Dulyn, i. 15
Dunkirk, annual procession at, ii. 280, 281
Dust columns, i. 30
Dutch criminals, cutting the hair of, to enforce confession, ii. 328
Dyaks, belief in the souls of trees amongst the, i. 59, 60;
abduction of the soul, i. 132, 133;
restoration of the soul, i. 138;
harvest custom, i. 68, 69, 353, 354;
the Dyaks and bad omens, ii. 151;
custom in epidemic, ii. 84;
may not eat venison, ii. 86, 87;
spare the crocodile, ii. 109;
Dyaks and the palm-tree, ii. 329;
festival of first-fruits, ii. 376
East Indian Islands, supposed cure for epilepsy in the, ii. 148, 149
Easter customs, i. 272, 276, 334; ii. 29, 181, 216, 217
—— fires, ii. 251, 252
—— Islanders, blood of an animal not shed by the, i. 182, 183;
offerings of first fruits, ii. 381
Eating animals to get their qualities, ii. 85-89
—— the god, ii. 67-90
—— and drinking, precautions taken at, i. 160-162
Edersleben, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 262
Efugaos, cannibalism by the, ii. 88
Egeria, i. 5
Egypt, beasts responsible for the course of nature in Upper, i. 48;
Egyptian kings deified, i. 49, 50;
Egyptian kings blamed for failure of crops, i. 50;
ancient Egyptian kings did not drink wine, i. 184, 185;
temporary-rulers in Upper Egypt, i. 231;
custom of burning red-haired men by the ancient Egyptians, i. 307;
religion of ancient Egypt, i. 313;
Egyptians and the pig, ii. 52, 53, 56, 57;
the bulls Apis and Mnevis worshipped, ii. 60;
sacred cattle in Egypt, ii. 60, 61;
sacrifice of the ram in, ii. 92, 93;
Egyptian type of sacrament, ii. 134-136;
Egyptian scapegoat, ii. 200;
the external soul in Egyptian story, ii. 315-318
Eifel mountains, fire festival in the, ii. 247, 248;
harvest omens in the, ii. 271
Eisenach, ceremony of bringing back summer in, i. 263;
ceremony of carrying out death in, _ib._
Elan, regard for the, ii. 117, 118
Elephant, ceremony at the killing of an, ii. 113-115
Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. 37
Elk, regard for the, ii. 117, 118
Ellwangen, harvest ceremony in, ii. 17
Emin Pasha’s reception in a Central African village, i. 155
Emu wren, ii. 336, 337
Encounter Bay tribe, their dread of women’s blood, i. 186
English tradition concerning the killing of the wren, ii. 140, 141
Entlebuch, human scapegoat in, ii. 199
Entraigues, hunting the wren in, ii. 144
Epidemic, ceremony in time of, i. 36; ii. 84, 187-189
Epilepsy, supposed cure for, ii. 148, 149
Erfurt, harvest custom in, i. 336
Ertingen, midsummer custom in, i. 89
Erzgebirge, Shrovetide custom in the, i. 244
Eskimos, charm for lulling the wind, i. 28;
Eskimos and the soul, i. 122;
reception of strangers, i. 155;
Eskimo women, i. 170
Essex, hunting the wren in, ii. 143
Esthonian superstition regarding the welfare of cattle, i. 72 _sq._;
blood not tasted by the Esthonians, i. 178, 179;
belief concerning women’s blood, i. 187;
preservation of the parings of nails by the Esthonians, i. 204;
carrying out the effigy of Death, i. 270;
ceremony at the eating of the new corn, ii. 69, 70;
dread of the weevil by the Esthonian peasants, ii. 129, 130
Ethiopian kings and their courtiers, i. 222
Etruscan wizards, i. 22
European rain-charm, i. 18;
forests, i. 57;
fire festivals, ii. 246-285
Evils, expulsion of, ii. 145 _sq._;
occasional, ii. 158-162;
periodic, ii. 162-182;
two kinds of expulsion of evils, the direct or immediate, and the
indirect or mediate, ii. 158;
general observations on, ii. 202-206;
transference of, ii. 145 _sq._
Fauns, representation of the, ii. 35;
the Fauns wood and corn-spirits, ii. 35, 36
Feilenhof, the wolf a corn-spirit in, ii. 3
Feloupes of Senegambia, charm for rain-making, i. 18
Fern seed, midsummer, ii. 365, 366
Fernando Po, restrictions on the food of the king of, i. 208
Fever, cure for, ii. 152, 153
Fida, no one to drink out of the king’s glass in, i. 166
Field of Mars, chariot race on the, ii. 64-66
Fiji, charm used for staying the sun in, i. 24;
gods of, i. 39;
soul extraction in, i. 138;
belief in two souls in, i. 145;
eating in the presence of suspected persons avoided in, i. 160;
self-immolation at old age in, i. 216;
expulsion of devils in, ii. 175, 176;
initiatory rites in, ii. 344, 345;
offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 377, 378
Finland, wind selling in, i. 27;
cattle protected by the wood god in, i. 105, 106;
ceremony at the killing of a bear in, ii. 112
Fire festivals, human sacrifices offered at, i. 251
—— festivals in Europe, ii. 246-285;
they were charms to make the sun shine, ii. 267, 274
—— kings, i. 53-56
—— sacred, made by the friction of wood, ii. 269;
made with oak wood, ii. 292, 293
Fire spirit, expulsion of the, ii. 178
Firstborn sacrificed, i. 236, 237
First-fruits, festival of the, ii. 75-78;
offerings of, ii. 373-384
Fish, respect shown by savages to, ii. 118-122;
fish preachers, ii. 119, 120
Fladda’s chapel and wind-making, i. 26, 27
Flamen Dialis, rules of life, i. 117;
not allowed to walk under a trellised vine, i. 183, 184;
cuttings from the hair and nails buried, i. 200;
restriction on the food of the, i. 207
—— Virbialis, i. 6
Flaminica, rules of life for the, i. 117, 118
Flanders, midsummer bonfires in, ii. 267;
Flemish cure for ague, ii. 153
Flax-pullers, custom of the, i. 375
Florence, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261
Florida, sacrifice of the firstborn by the Indians of, i. 236, 237
Folk tales, resurrection in, ii. 125
Food, unconsumed, buried, i. 166;
prohibited food, i. 207, 208;
strong food, ii. 85
Forests, Europe covered with, in prehistoric times, i. 56
Fors, the, of Central Africa, preservation of nail parings by the, i. 204,
205
Forsaken sleeper, i. 96
Foulahs of Senegambia spare the crocodile, ii. 110
France, harvest customs in the northeast of, ii. 4
Franche Comté, harvest customs in, ii. 17
Frankish kings not allowed to cut their hair, i. 193
Friedingen, harvest custom in, ii. 27
Friesland, harvest customs in East, ii. 8
Frog-flayer, i. 92
Funeral custom, i. 129, 130
Fürstenwalde, harvest ceremonies in, ii. 7
Gablingen, harvest customs in, ii. 13
Galela, ceremony at the initiation of boys amongst the, ii. 353
Galicia, harvest customs in, ii. 8
Gall-bladder the special seat of courage amongst the Chinese, ii. 87
Gareloch, Dumbartonshire, harvest customs on some farms on the, i. 345
Garos, rain-charm used by the, i. 18
Georgia, rain-charm in, i. 17
Germany—German peasants and a whirlwind, i. 30;
sacred groves common amongst the ancient Germans, i. 58;
ceremony on felling a tree, i. 64;
rain-charm, i. 93;
custom after a death, i. 147;
superstition regarding the knife, i. 177;
superstition concerning hair cutting, i. 196, 199;
harvest custom, i. 337, 345, 374, 375; ii. 9;
harvest cries, i. 408, 409;
way to free a garden from caterpillars, ii. 130;
beating as a charm, ii. 216, 217;
oak the sacred tree, ii. 291;
oak log burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. 294;
the external soul in German stories, ii. 310-312
Gervasius, rain spring mentioned by, i. 19
Ghosts, the soul carried off by, i. 129-132;
annual expulsion of the ghosts of the dead, ii. 163
Giant, sham, procession and burning of the, ii. 280-282
Gilgit, ceremony on felling a tree in, i. 65;
sacred cedar of, i. 69 _sq._;
harvest custom at, ii. 73, 74
Gilyak sacrifice of the bear, ii. 105-107
Girls secluded at puberty, ii. 225-247;
reason for, ii. 238-242;
not allowed to touch the ground or see the sun, ii. 225-253;
traces in folk tales of the rule which forbids girls at puberty to see
the sun, ii. 235-237
Goat, the, sacred, ii. 56, 63;
Dionysus as a, i. 326-328; ii. 34-37;
the corn-spirit as a, ii. 12-19
God, killing the, i. 213; ii. 218-222;
killing a god in animal form, i. 327, 328;
motives for killing the god, i. 214-216
God’s Mouth, the name of the supreme ruler of the old Prussians, i. 223
Gods die and are buried, i. 213, 214
—— incarnate, slain, ii. 218-222
Gold Coast, sacrifices of the negroes of the, i. 67;
their superstition with regard to iron, i. 173
Golden Bough, Turner’s picture of the, i. 1;
legend of the, i. 4;
the representative of the tree-spirit, i. 107;
between heaven and earth, ii. 223-243;
what was it, ii. 224;
the Golden Bough is the mistletoe, ii. 363, 368;
why was the mistletoe called the Golden Bough, ii. 365;
the Golden Bough an emanation of the sun’s fire, ii. 367
Goldi sacrifice of the bear, ii. 107, 108
Gommern, harvest festival at, i. 370
Gonds, human sacrifices by the, i. 252, 384;
mock-human sacrifices, i. 252;
scapegoats amongst the, ii. 200
Good Friday custom, ii. 216
Gout transferred from a man to a tree, ii. 153
Grand Lama, death and reappearance of the, i. 42, 43;
and the shadow of Sankara, i. 142
Grandmother, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 336
Granny, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 336
Grass king, i. 91-93, 247
Grätz, midsummer custom in, ii. 267
Greece, rain-making in, i. 16;
tree worship in, i. 58, 59, 99;
festivals of the Greeks, i. 99, 100, 103;
ceremony at the laying of a foundation stone in, i. 144;
sacrificial ritual in, ii. 54, 55;
human scapegoats in, ii. 210-217;
midsummer fires in, ii. 266;
the external soul in Greek stories, ii. 305-307
Green George, i. 84-86
Grenoble, May Day in, i. 94;
harvest custom in, ii. 15, 47
Grihya-Sûtras, provision in the, for the burning of cut hair, i. 202
Grossvargula, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 91
Ground, sacred persons not allowed to touch the, ii. 224, 243 _note_;
girls at puberty not allowed to touch the, ii. 225-253;
sacred things may not touch the, ii. 243 _note_
Grüneberg, harvest ceremony in, ii. 11
Guanches, rain-charm in, i. 19
Guatemala, the nagual amongst the, ii. 333, 334
Guaycurus and storms, i. 28
Guinea, secreting of cut hair and nails in, i. 203;
annual expulsion of the devil by the negroes of, ii. 170;
time of licence in, ii. 204
Guyenne, harvest ceremony in, ii. 6
Hack-thorn, sacred, i. 69
Hadeln, reaping custom in the district of, i. 333
Haida Indian wind-charm, i. 26
Hair, burning of loose, i. 205;
burning after child-birth, i. 206;
cut hair deposited in a safe place, i. 200-205;
cutting, i. 193 _sq._;
most sacred day of the year appointed for hair cutting, i. 197;
superstition concerning the cutting of the, i. 196, 198, 199;
cut only during a storm, i. 199;
haircutting as a disinfectant, i. 206, 207;
magic use of cut hair, i. 198, 199;
strength supposed to be in the, ii. 328;
hair not cut, i. 193-195;
superstition about cutting the hair and nails, i. 193-207
Halberstadt, human scapegoats in, ii. 199
Halibut, festival in honour of the, ii. 121
Halmahera, rain-making in, i. 13, 21
Hampstead, forest of, i. 57
Hare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 10 _sq._
Harran, ritual observed by the heathen Syrians of, i. 283
Harvest child, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 344
—— cock, a name given to the last sheaf, ii. 7, 8
—— cries, i. 404-409
—— customs, i. 333-347, 352, 353, 367-381, 408; ii. 4-27, 32, 47, 48,
68-73, 213
—— festival, i. 169; ii. 171, 172, 374-376, 382-384
—— goat, ii. 13
—— maiden, a prototype of Proserpine, i. 356
—— May, i. 68, 69, 81, 82; ii. 4
—— omens, ii. 271
—— queen, i. 344
—— songs and cries, ii. 364-366, 404-409
Harz Mountains, Easter fires in the, ii. 253
Hawaii, detention of the soul in, i. 139;
capital offences in, i. 190
Hay family, the, and the mistletoe, ii. 362
Head, sanctity of the, i. 187-193;
ceremony at the washing of the, i. 188
Headache, transference of, ii. 149
Headington, May-day custom at, i. 94, 95
Heaven, the Golden Bough between heaven and earth, ii. 223-243
Hebrides, representation of spring in the, i. 97
Heligoland, disappearance of the herring from, ii. 120
Herbrechtingen, threshing custom in, ii. 22
Hercynian forest, i. 56, 57
Hereford, sin eaters in, ii. 154, 155
Herefordshire, midsummer fires in, ii. 262
Hermsdorf, harvest custom in, i. 338
Herodotus, story by, of the wind fighters of Psylli, i. 29
Herring, disappearance of the, from Heligoland, ii. 120
Hertfordshire harvest custom, ii. 24
Hessen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. 29;
sowing-time customs in, ii. 48
Hidatsa Indians, belief in the plurality of souls amongst the, ii. 339
Hierapolis, pigs sacred at, ii. 50
Himalayas, scapegoats in the Western, ii. 194
Hindoo cure for the murrain, ii. 191;
festival of Ingathering, ii. 272;
girls and puberty, ii. 234, 235;
the external soul in Hindoo stories, ii. 298-302
Hindoos, the, test of a suitable sacrificial victim, i. 36;
Hindoos and yawning, i. 123;
custom of nail cutting by the, i. 196;
festival at the eating of the new rice by the, ii. 73
Hindoo Koosh, smoke from the sacred tree inhaled by the sybil, i. 35;
blood sucking the test of a diviner amongst the, _ib._;
expulsion of devils amongst the, ii. 173
Hippolytus, i. 6
Holland, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 88;
Easter fires, ii. 253
Holstein, reaping custom in, i. 333;
healing effects of the mistletoe in, ii. 289
Hornkampe, harvest custom in, i. 337
Horse, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 24-26;
sacrifice of the, ii. 64
Horses excluded from the Arician grove, i. 6
—— and Virbius, ii. 62-64
Hos, harvest festival amongst the, ii. 171, 172;
time of licence with the, ii. 204;
offering of first-fruits by the, ii. 374
Hottentot priests do not use iron, i. 173;
wind-charm, i. 27, 28;
sheep driven through the fire by the, ii. 273
Hovas of Madagascar, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. 374
How, coffer of Osiris at, i. 309
Huahine, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 381
Huitzilopochtli, dough image of the Mexican god, made and eaten, ii. 81
Human sacrifices, i. 235-237, 251, 252, 381;
replaced by mock sacrifices, i. 250-253
—— victim represents the corn-spirit, i. 390-395
Hungary, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 93;
the external soul in Hungarian stories, ii. 320, 321
Hunger, expulsion of, ii. 210, 211
Hunting the wren, ii. 140-144
Hurons, the, and fish bones, ii. 119;
their idea of the soul, i. 122;
driving away sickness amongst the, ii. 162
Huskanaw, the name of an initiatory ceremony amongst the Indians of
Virginia, ii. 348
Hylæ, sacred men inspired by the image of Apollo at, i. 37
Ibo, king of, confined to his premises, i. 164
Iddah, king of, asserts that he is god, i. 41, 42
Ihlozi, the, of the Zulus, ii. 332
Incarnate gods, i. 30-54
Incarnation, temporary and permanent, i. 32, 37-42
Incas of Peru revered as gods, i. 49;
preservation of cut hair and parings of the nails of the, i. 203;
restrictions upon the prince who is to become Inca of Peru, ii. 225;
ceremony for the expulsion of diseases, etc. by the, ii. 167-169
Indersdorf, harvest custom in, ii. 17, 18
India, devil dancer drinks sacrificial blood in Southern, i. 34;
human gods in, i. 41, 42;
marriage of shrubs and trees in, i. 60;
sin eating in, ii. 155, 156;
iron used as a charm in, i. 175, 176;
harvest custom in the Central Provinces of, i. 371, 372;
custom during cholera in Central Provinces of, ii. 189;
offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 374, 375
Indians of Alaska, preservation of cut hair by the, i. 201, 202
—— of Arizona offer human sacrifices, i. 251
—— of Guayaquil sacrifice human beings at seed time, i. 381
—— of Guiana, treatment of girls at puberty by the, ii. 232-234
—— of Peru and their fish gods, ii. 118, 119
—— of Virginia, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. 348, 349
Influenza, ii. 190
Initiatory rites, simulation of death and resurrection at, ii. 342-358
Innuit of Alaska, custom after a death amongst the, i. 177
Inspiration, i. 33;
by blood drinking, i. 34, 35;
by use of sacred tree, i. 35; 36
Inspired men, i. 36, 37
—— victims, i. 36
Irayas of Luzon, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. 377
Ireland, May Day in the south-east of, i. 94;
hunting the wren at Christmas in, ii. 142, 143;
midsummer fires in, ii. 263, 264
Iron, superstitious aversion to, i. 172-174;
as a charm, i. 175
Iron-Beard, Dr., i. 249, 257
Iroquois, ceremony at the festival of dreams by the, ii. 165, 166;
scapegoat used by the, ii. 194, 195;
time of licence amongst the, ii. 204
Isis, acorn goddess, i. 310, 311;
named the moon by the aboriginal inhabitants of Egypt, i. 311;
as a cow, ii. 61
Isle of Man, wind selling in the, i. 27;
hunting the wren at Christmas in the, ii. 142;
midsummer bonfires, ii. 263
Issapoo, the cobra capella the guardian deity of the negroes of, ii. 94,
95
Istar, legend concerning the goddess, i. 287
Italones, cannibalism by the, ii. 88
Italy, tree worship in ancient, i. 58, 59;
custom of “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261, 262;
gardens of Adonis in, i. 294;
midsummer fires in, ii. 266;
oak the sacred tree in, ii. 291;
the external soul in Italian stories, ii. 307, 308
Itonamas, the, and the soul, i. 123
Itzgrund, harvest custom in, i. 338
Ivy girl, i. 344
Jack-in-the-green, i. 88, 89, 247
Jambi, temporary kings in, i. 231, 232
Japanese, expulsion of evil spirits by the, ii. 176
Jarkino, belief in animate trees in, i. 61
Javanese and rice bloom, i. 60, 61;
ceremony at rice harvest, i. 355;
Javanese and the soul, i. 124, 125
Jerome of Prague, i. 24
Jeypur, scapegoat used in cases of smallpox in, ii. 190, 191
Jubilee, i. 225
Jupiter represented by an oak on the Capitol at Rome, ii. 291
Kaffa, worship of human god in, i. 42
Kafir boys at circumcision, i. 171;
New Year festival, ii. 74;
elephant hunters, ii. 113, 114;
burying of cut hair and nails by the Kafirs, i. 202, 203
Kakian Association, ii. 354-357
Kakongo, king of, not allowed to touch certain European goods, i. 160;
not seen eating, i. 162
Kalamba, ceremonies on a visit to, by subject chiefs, i. 159
Kalmucks, consecration of the white ram by the, ii. 136
Kamant tribe do not allow a natural death, i. 217
Kamtchatkans excuse themselves before killing land or sea animals, ii.
110, 111;
respect the seal and sea lion, ii. 111
Kânagrâ, spring custom in, i. 276, 277
Kángrá, custom at, on the death of a Rajah, i. 232;
sin eaters in, ii. 156
Karens, funeral custom by the, i. 129, 130;
transference of the soul in Karen, i. 140;
dread of women’s blood by the, i. 186;
belief concerning the head, i. 187;
custom at rice sowing, i. 354, 355
Karma tree, i. 289
Karoks of California and salmon catching, ii. 121
Kasyas, expulsion of devils by the, ii. 184
Katodis, ceremony before felling a tree by the, i. 63
Kent, the ivy girl in, i. 344
Keramin tribe of New South Wales, rain-making by the, i. 15
Key Islanders, soul superstition amongst the, i. 130, 131;
expulsion of sickness by the, ii. 160
Khonds, human sacrifices by the, i. 384-390;
rain-charm, ii. 42;
expulsion of devils by the, ii. 173, 174
Kibanga, kings killed in, i. 218
Kilema, ceremony in, before a stranger is allowed to see the king, i. 159
Kilimanjaro Mount, believed to be tenanted by demons, i. 151
Kimbunda, cannibalism amongst the, ii. 88, 89
King Hop, the title of a temporary king, i. 230
—— of the calf, ii. 21
—— of the May, i. 247
—— of the sacred rites, i. 7
—— of the Wood, i. 1-108;
why so called, i. 7;
never a temporal sovereign, i. 51;
an incarnation of the tree spirit, i. 106-108;
probability that he was formerly slain annually, i. 240, 241;
similarity to North European personages, i. 249, 250;
a personification of the oak, ii. 364;
probably burned in a fire of oak wood, ii. 363-365
Kings—as gods, i. 8;
supposed to control the weather, i. 44-46;
punished for the failure of crops, i. 46-48;
killed, i. 48;
divine, i. 49;
of nature, i. 52;
of fire, i. 53-56;
of rain, i, 52, 53;
of water, i. 53-56;
divine, cease to govern, i. 118, 119;
abdicate, i. 120;
guarded against strangers, i. 158, 159;
veiled, i. 162, 163;
at meals, i. 162;
confined to their palaces, i. 164, 165;
killed when they show signs of decay, i. 217-223;
killed at expiry of fixed term, i. 223;
mitigation of the above rule, kings allowed to defend themselves, i.
224;
killed annually, i. 225-227;
temporary, i. 228-234;
temporary kings sometimes hereditary, i. 228, 232;
sons sacrificed in times of great danger, i. 235
Kingsmill Islands, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 378
Kirn, the name of a harvest supper, i. 345
Klausenburg, harvest custom at, ii. 9
Kloxin, harvest ceremony in, i. 369
Knives, reluctance to use, after a death, i. 176, 177
Kobi, offering of first-fruits by the, ii. 376
Kochs of Assam, offerings of first-fruits by the, ii. 374
Kohlerwinkel, harvest ceremony at, ii. 27
Kolosh Indians, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 230
Koniags, seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 230
Königshain, driving out Death in, i. 276
Konkan, scapegoat used in Southern, in cases of cholera, ii. 191
Konz, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 260, 261
Kostroma, funeral of, i. 273
Kostrubonko, i. 272
Kukulu, the priest king, i. 112, 113
Kumis, driving away small-pox by the, ii. 161
Kupalo, funeral of, i. 272;
representation of, i. 292
Kupole’s festival, i. 294
Lachlin family and the deer, ii. 363
La Ciotat, hunting the wren in, ii. 144
Lada, funeral of, i. 273
Lagos, human sacrifices at, i. 383
Lakor, expulsion of diseases to sea in, ii. 192
Lamas, Grand, i. 42, 43;
the chief of the, i. 43, 44
Lamb killed sacramentally by the Madi tribe of Central Africa, ii. 137,
138
Lamps, festival of, ii. 176
Laos, precautions against strangers in, i. 152;
belief in plurality of souls amongst the, ii. 339
Laosia, women worshippers in, i. 42
La Palisse, harvest custom in, ii. 68
Lapis manalis, i. 22
Lappland, wind selling in, i. 27;
ceremony at the sacrifice of an animal in, ii. 123;
seclusion of women in, ii. 240
Larch-tree, sacred, i. 61, 62
Lazy man, the, i. 89
Lechrain, midsummer fires in, ii. 258, 259
Leipzig, carrying out the effigy of Death in, i. 268
Lent customs, ii. 247-249
Leopard, ceremony at the killing of a, ii. 114
Leper, custom at the cleansing of a, ii. 151
Lerwick wind-sellers, i. 27
Leti, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. 92
Leucadian scapegoat, ii. 213
Lewis, wind selling in the island of, i. 27
Lhoosai, harvest festival of the, i. 69
Libchowic, Mid-Lent custom in the neighbourhood of, i. 93
Licence, periods of, ii. 204
Life of a person bound up with that of a plant, ii. 328-330
Life plants, ii. 329, 330
Lille, harvest ceremonies at, ii. 25, 26
Linus, the name given to the Phoenician lament at vintage time, i. 365
—— song, i. 398, 399
—— identified with Adonis, i. 399
Lion, ceremony at the killing of a, ii. 114;
Arabic belief in the properties of lion’s fat, ii. 86
Lithuania, sun worshippers in, i. 24, 25;
tree worshippers in, i. 58;
superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves in, i. 66, 67;
May customs in, i. 83, 84;
custom after a funeral in, i. 177;
harvest custom in, i. 340, 341;
ceremony at threshing time in, i. 372, 373;
ceremonies by the peasants at the eating of the new corn in, ii. 69, 70
Little leaf man, i. 88
Lityerses compared with harvest customs, i. 366, 367;
story of, i. 392-395;
relation of, to Attis, i. 396, 397
—— the name given to a song by the Phrygian reapers, i. 365, 366
Liver, the, thought to be the seat of the soul, ii. 88
Livonia, sacred grove in, i. 65
Llandebie, sin eating in, ii. 155
Loango, king of, deposed when the harvest fails, i. 47;
supernaturally endowed kings of, i. 116;
a capital offence to see the king eat, i. 161;
the king confined to his palace after coronation, i. 164;
food left by the king buried, i. 166;
food restrictions in, i. 207, 208;
girls secluded at puberty in, ii. 226
London, midsummer pageants in, ii. 281
Longnor, harvest custom at, ii. 25
Lost children, superstition concerning, i. 63
Loucheux Indians, abstinence from the sinew of the thigh by the, ii. 127,
128
Luchon, midsummer fire ceremony at, ii. 282
Lumley, Sir J., excavation of the site of the Diana Nemorensis by, i. 2
_note_
Lüneberg, harvest custom in, i. 377
Lusatia, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259, 264
M’Bengas, life of a child supposed to be bound up with that of a tree by
the, ii. 328, 329
Macusis of British Guiana, treatment of girls at the age of puberty by
the, ii. 232 _sq._
Madagascar, power ascribed to the souls of the dead in, i. 132;
blood of nobles may not be shed in, i. 181;
crocodile not killed in, ii. 109, 110
Madenassana bushmen, the goat sacred to the, ii. 56
Madi tribe, burying of the parings of the nails by the, i. 202;
lamb killed sacramentally by the, ii. 137, 138
Magic, sympathetic, i. 9-12
—— use of cut hair, i. 198-200
Maiden, a name given to the last handful of corn, i. 344, 345
Maize, mother of the, i. 350-352
Makololo, burning or burying of cut hair by the, i. 205
Malabar, reverence for the cow in, ii. 200
Malagasy, vehicle used by the, for the transference of ills, ii. 149, 150
Malay poem, the external soul in a, ii. 325, 326
Malays and the soul, i. 124; ii. 331;
do not touch a man’s head, i. 189
Maldives, cuttings from the hair and nails buried by the natives of the,
i. 200
Mamilian tower, ii. 67
Mamurius Veturius or the old Mars, ii. 208-210
Man in cow-skin, ii. 145, 146
—— gods in the South Sea Islands, i. 38, 39
Mandan Indians, and their portraits, i. 148;
expulsion of devils by the, ii. 183, 184
Maneros, the name given to the lament of the Egyptian reapers at the
cutting of the first sheaf, i. 364
Mangaia, priests called gods in, i. 33;
spiritual and temporal government in, i. 120;
story of a warrior’s shadow, i. 142, 143
Man-god, two types of, i. 12
Mania, i. 6
“Manii, there are many at Aricia,” explanation of the proverb, ii. 82, 83
Manius Egerius, traditional founder of the Arician Grove, etc., i. 5; ii.
84
Maori ceremonies on entering strange territory, i. 156;
the Maoris and dead bodies, i. 169;
fear of the blood of women, i. 186;
sacredness of the head amongst the, i. 191, 192;
ceremony at hair cutting, i. 196, 197;
fishing custom, ii. 120;
offerings of first-fruits, ii. 381, 382
Mare, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 24-26
Marimos, human sacrifices by the, i. 383, 384
Marktl, harvest ceremonies in the neighbourhood of, ii. 16, 17
Marquesas Islands, men deified in their life-time in the, i. 37, 38;
the Marquesans and the soul, i. 123;
shaving of the head in the, i. 195
Mars, chariot race on the field of, ii. 64-66
—— the old, ii. 208-210
Marseilles, human scapegoat in, ii. 212
Masuren, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 265, 266
May bride, i. 98
—— Day carols, i. 75, 76
—— Day customs, i. 72-86, 88, 89, 94, 95, 98-101; ii. 181, 182, 254, 255,
257, 258
—— king, i. 90, 91
—— poles, i. 78 _sq._, 230, 308; ii. 66
—— queen, i. 93, 94
—— sleeping bridegroom of, i. 95
—— trees, i. 74-82, 90, 91, 243, 247, 268, 269; ii. 8, 251
Mayenne, May Day custom in, i. 76
Mecklenburg, reaping custom in, i. 376
Meiningen, Ash Wednesday custom in, ii. 29;
sowing time custom, ii. 48
Melanesia, sunshine making in, i. 24;
bringing back the soul in, i. 136;
Melanesian stones and a man’s shadow, i. 142
Meleager, ii. 305
Men eaten to obtain their qualities, ii. 88, 89
Menstruation, seclusion of women at periods of, ii. 238-242
Menstruous blood, primitive dread of, ii. 238, 241
Mentawej Islands, precautions against strangers in the, i. 152
Meroe, Ethiopian kings of, killed, i. 218
Metz, midsummer fires in, ii. 283
Mexican sacraments, paste images of the god eaten, ii. 79-82;
festivals, ii. 80-84
Mexico, oath of kings at accession in, i. 49;
sacrifice of new-born babes in, i. 307;
human sacrifice at harvest festival in, i. 381;
incarnate gods slain in, ii. 218-222
Miaotse, ceremony of driving away the devil by the, ii. 151
Mice, charm for ridding lands from, ii. 131
Mid-Lent customs, i. 82, 93, 254, 261-263, 268, 269
Midsummer customs, i. 78 _sq._, 89, 101, 272, 290-294; ii. 366, 367
—— European fire festivals at, ii. 258-267, 282, 283;
burning of effigies in the midsummer fires, ii. 266, 267
—— Eve superstitions, ii. 286, 287;
magic plants gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. 286-288
—— omens, i. 294
Mikado, description of the life of the, i. 110-112;
cooking of his food, i. 166, 167;
effects of wearing his clothes without leave, i. 167;
cutting his hair and nails, i. 197;
not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 224, 225
Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, ceremony on his entering a village on the Maclay
coast, i. 156
Milkmen worshipped by the Todas, i. 41
Minahassa, rain-charm used by the, i. 17;
blood drinking at festivals by the, i. 35;
custom in time of sickness, ii. 84;
driving away devils by the, ii. 158, 159
Mingrelia, rain-getting in, i. 15
Minnetaree Indians and the resurrection of the bison, ii. 122, 123
Miris, tree superstition of the, i. 63;
tiger’s flesh eaten by the, ii. 86
Mirrors, covering up of, i. 147
Mistletoe, the, worshipped by the Celts and gathered by the Druids, ii.
285, 286, 288, 289, 295;
gathered on Midsummer Eve, ii. 286 _sq._;
qualities of, ii. 289;
viewed as the seat of life, ii. 295;
life of the oak in the, ii. 360, 361;
not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 361;
a protection against witchcraft, ii. 362;
the Golden Bough the, ii. 363, 368;
reason it was called the Golden Bough, ii. 365;
why called golden, ii. 366, 367;
divining rods made from, in Sweden, ii. 367;
gathered at midsummer and Christmas, ii. 367
Mithraic mysteries, ii. 358
Mnevis, the bull, ii. 60, 61
Moa, expulsion of diseases to sea by the, ii. 192
Mock executions, i. 261
—— human sacrifices, i. 250-253
Mole, Le, i. 5
Moluccas, festivals in the, i. 40;
treatment of clove-trees in blossom in the, i. 60;
soul abduction in the, i. 133, 134;
ceremony in the, after a journey, i. 158
Mondard, the great, ii. 40
Mongolians, stuffing the skin of a sacrificed animal by the, ii. 124
Mongols, the, and the soul, i. 128
Monomotapa, precautions taken for the king of, i. 159
Montalto, Mid Lent custom in, i. 262
Mooris, custom at births by the, ii. 329
Moosheim, fire festival at, ii. 278
Moqui Indians, belief in the transmigration of human souls into turtles
held by the, ii. 98, 99;
totem clans of the, ii. 99
Moresby, Captain, at Shepherd’s Isle, i. 152, 153
Morocco, iron a protection against demons in, i. 175;
ants eaten in, ii. 87;
diverting evil spirits in, ii. 151
Mother-cotton, the, i. 353
—— of the maize, i. 350-352
Motumotu theory of storms, i. 27
——, the soul believed to be in the reflection by the, i. 145
Mowat, the chief of, supposed to have power of affecting crops, etc., i.
46;
boys beaten to make them grow in, ii. 216
Mozcas, weather kings of the, i. 44
Muato Jamwo, a capital offence to see him eat, i. 162
Mundaris, sacred groves of the, i. 63;
superstition concerning the felling of sacred groves, i. 67;
harvest festival, ii. 172
Mundas, ceremony at the planting of the rice by the, i. 288, 289
Munster, rain fountain in, i. 19
Münsterland, Easter fires in, ii. 252, 253
Murrain, cure for the, ii. 191
Murrams of Manipur, restrictions of food among the, i. 208
Muyscas, weather kings of the, i. 44
Nagual, the, of the Indians of Guatemala, ii. 333, 334
Nails, cutting the, i. 195, 196;
burying the first cuttings of a child’s, i. 201;
cuttings of, preserved, i. 202-205
Namaquas, foods eaten and rejected by the, ii. 86
Nanumea, precautions against strangers in the island of, i. 151
Narrinyeri and their totems, i. 165, 166
Nass River, Indians of the, and the recall of the soul, i. 140, 141
Natchez, harvest festival by the, ii. 382-384
Nature, kings of, i. 52;
dependence of, upon the divine king, i. 109
Nauders, sacred larch-tree at, i. 61, 62
Naudowessies, initiatory ceremony amongst the, ii. 350
Navarre, rain-making in, i. 15
Ndembo, the, ii. 345
Need fires, ii. 269, 293
Negro idea of the soul, i. 125
Nemi, lake of, i. 1;
tree within the sanctuary, i. 4;
priest of, i. 249, 253, ii. 223;
unchanged, ii. 370, 371
Nerechta, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 96
Neuautz, custom at barley sowing in, ii. 28
Neuhausen, harvest custom in, i. 370
Neusaass, harvest custom in, i. 337
New Britain, rain-making in, i. 13, 14;
wind-charm, i. 26;
driving away evil in, ii. 158;
expulsion of devils in, ii. 203;
initiation ceremony in, ii. 352, 353
New Caledonia, rain-making in, i. 16;
charm for making sunshine in, i. 22-24
New fruits etc. eaten sacramentally, ii. 68-79
New Guinea, seclusion of girls in, ii. 228, 229
New Ireland, seclusion of girls in, ii. 226-228
New South Wales, ceremony of initiation in, i. 163;
first-born eaten in, i. 236
New Year’s Day customs, ii. 170, 171, 179, 193, 194, 272, 273
New Zealand, sacredness of blood in, i. 183;
superstition concerning the head, i. 192;
hair cutting in, i. 197, 199;
clippings from the hair buried in, i. 200;
effects of sacred contagion in, ii. 55;
gods, ii. 89
Nias, the people of, and the soul, i. 122, 138;
precautions against strangers in, i. 154;
succession in, i. 238;
slaves sacrificed at the funeral of a chief in, i. 251;
exorcising the devil in, ii. 160, 161;
scapegoats in, ii. 196, 197
Nicobar Islands, ceremony in cases of epidemic in the, ii. 188, 189;
expulsion of devils in the, ii. 192
Nightjar, the, ii. 334, 335
Nisus, King of Megara, ii. 305
Nootka Indians, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. 113;
initiatory ceremony by the, ii. 351
Nördlingen, threshing custom in, i. 371
Norse stories, the external soul in, ii. 312, 313
North American Indians, their idea with regard to strangers, i. 153;
restrictions upon women at certain times, i. 170;
cleansing after the slaying of enemies, i. 170, 171;
abstinence from blood, i. 179;
nail cutting amongst the, i. 196;
belief concerning the various properties of food, ii. 85, 86;
spare the rattlesnake, ii. 110;
ceremony at bear killing, ii. 115;
respect for the elan, deer and elk, ii. 117, 118;
regard for the bones of animals, ii. 125
Northamptonshire, May-day custom in, i. 75;
cure for cough, ii. 154
Norway, cut hair and nails buried or burned in, i. 205;
midsummer bonfires in, ii. 289
Nürnberg, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 259
Oak worship, ii. 291;
the chief sacred tree of the European Aryans, ii. 291-370;
sacred fires made of, ii. 292;
oak wood burnt on Midsummer Day, ii. 294;
Balder is the, ii. 295;
human representative of the, slain, ii. 294-296;
life of, in the mistletoe, ii. 360, 361;
superstition concerning the oak tree, ii. 368;
a store of solar fire, ii. 369
Oats-goat, ii. 13-15
Obermedlingen, threshing custom in, ii. 21, 22;
midsummer fires in, ii. 270
Oberpfalz, threshing custom in, i. 371
October horse, ii. 64-67
Offerings of first-fruits, ii. 373-384
Oil of St. John, ii. 288, 289
Ojebways, sunshine charm used by the, i. 22;
seldom fell living trees, i. 61
Olaf, King of Sweden, sacrificed, i. 47, 48
Old Calabar, revellings at the expulsion of devils in, ii. 193
Old man, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338
Old woman, a name given to the last sheaf, i. 337, 338
Oldenburg, superstition regarding the reflection in, i. 147;
custom with regard to clippings from the hair in, i. 201;
fire festival in, ii. 250
Omaha Indians, rain-making by the, i. 14;
wind clan of the Omahas, i. 26;
their totems, ii. 53, 56
Omens, neutralising bad, ii. 151
Onitsha, ceremony of eating the new yams at, ii. 74;
New Year festival in, ii. 170, 171;
human scapegoats in, ii. 195, 196
Oraon festival, i. 85, 86
Oraons, ceremony at rice planting by the, i. 288
Orchomenus, human sacrifice at the rites of Dionysus in, i. 329
Oregon, belief in the recall of the soul by the Salish Indians of, i. 136,
137
Orestes, the originator of the worship of Diana, i. 3
Orinoco rain-charm, i. 18, 93;
sunshine charm, i. 22
Orissa, worshippers of the Queen of England in, i. 41;
rice growing in, i. 61
Orkney Islands, transference of sickness in the, ii. 153
Osiris, myth of, i. 301 _sq._;
ritual of, i. 303-305;
representation of the dead body of, in the temple of Isis, i. 305;
a corn-spirit, i. 305-307;
a tree-spirit, i. 307-309;
grave of, at Philae, i. 309;
arguments for and against his being the sun-god, i. 311-313, 316, 317,
318, 320;
a god of vegetation, i. 319;
rites of, similar to those of Dionysus and Adonis, i. 319, 320;
probable origin of the cult of, i. 363;
once represented by a human victim, i. 400-404;
on monuments, i. 403;
key to the mysteries of, i. 404;
as a pig, ii. 52-60;
death of, ii. 58, 59;
annual sacrifice of a pig to, ii. 58, 59;
as a bull, ii. 59-61
Osnabrück, harvest custom in, i. 336
Osterode, Easter fires in, ii. 253
Ostiaks, ceremony by the, at the killing of a bear, ii. 111, 112
Ot Damons, custom with regard to strangers by the, i. 151, 152;
seclusion of girls amongst the, ii. 229
Otawa Indians, ceremony at the killing of a bear by the, ii. 113;
do not burn fish bones, ii. 119
Oude, sin eating in, ii. 156
Owl, the, ii. 335, 336
Ox, ritual at the Athenian sacrifice of the, ii. 38, 39, 41;
as an embodiment of the corn-spirit, ii. 41-43;
Osiris and the, ii. 59-61
Ozieri, Gardens of Adonis at, i. 290
Pacific, human gods in the, i. 38, 39
Pádams of Assam, superstition concerning lost children by the, i. 63
Palermo, “sawing the old woman” in, i. 261
Palm-tree, the Dyaks and the, ii. 329
—— Sunday custom, ii. 216
Pan, representation of, ii. 34, 35;
the Lord of the Wood, ii. 35
Panes, festival of the, ii. 90, 91
Papuans, foods eaten by the, ii. 87;
belief in a child’s life being bound up with that of a tree, ii. 329
Paris, procession of mock giant in, ii. 281
Parthian monarchs worshipped as deities, i. 49
Patagonians, burning of loose hair by the, i. 205
Pawnees, human sacrifices by the, at sowing, i. 381, 382
Payaguas, method of fighting the wind by the, i. 28
Pear-tree, the protector of cattle, i. 73
Pelew Islanders, god of the, i. 39, 40;
custom at tree-felling by the, i. 62, 63;
ceremony on the killing of a man by the, i. 178
Pembrokeshire, Twelfth Day custom in, ii. 143
Pepper Coast, high priest held responsible for the general welfare, i. 47
Permanent incarnation, i. 37-42
Persian kings not seen eating, i. 162
Peru, rain-charm in, i. 17;
charm for staying the sun in, i. 24;
preservation of the representative corn-spirit by the ancient Peruvians,
i. 350, 351;
expulsion of devils in, ii. 203;
self-beating in, ii. 216.
_See also under_ Incas.
Philippine Islands, belief in the souls of trees in the, i. 62;
cannibalism in the, ii. 88
Philosophy, primitive, defect of, i. 210-212;
rules of life of sacred men are the outcome of, _ib._
Phoenician custom at vintage, i. 365;
Linus song, i. 398, 399
Phrygia, mock human sacrifices in, i. 300;
reapers’ song in, i. 365, 366
Piedmont, midsummer peasant custom in, i. 288
Pig, the corn-spirit as a, ii. 26-31;
sacred, ii. 50-57;
Osiris as a, ii. 52-60
Pigs, Demeter and Proserpine as, ii. 44-49;
Attis and Adonis as, ii. 49, 50
Pilsen, Whitsuntide custom near, i. 92
Pine-tree sacred to Dionysus, i. 321
Pinsk, Whit Monday customs by Russian girls in, i. 87, 88
Plas, Whitsuntide custom in the neighbourhood of, i. 92
Po, excavations in the valley of the, i. 57
Poachers and the fir-cones, ii. 288
Point Barrow, hunting the evil spirit by the Eskimo of, ii. 164, 165
Poitou, midsummer fire festival in, ii. 261
Poland, ceremony of carrying out Death in, i. 261;
harvest custom in, i. 339, 340, 342, 343;
Christmas custom in, ii. 6, 7
Polynesians, superstition held by the, concerning the head, i. 189, 190;
and sacred contagion, ii. 55
Pomerania, cut hair buried in, i. 205;
reaping custom in, i. 205
Pomos of California, expulsions of devils by the, ii. 183
Pongol festival, ii. 73
Pont à Mousson, harvest ceremony at, ii. 21
Poplar, burning of a, on St. Peter’s Day, i. 101
Portrait, the soul in the, i. 148, 149
Portraits, life in, i. 148
Potato-dog, ii. 4
—— wolf, ii. 2, 5
Potatoes, custom at the digging of new, in Sutherlandshire, ii. 71
Potniae, rites of Dionysus at, i. 329
Pouilly, harvest ceremony at, ii. 20, 21, 47
Preacher to the fish, ii. 119, 120
Pregnancy, i. 239
Priestly kings, i. 7, 8
Priests, Roman and Sabine, not shaved with iron razors, i. 172
Primitive man and the supernatural, i. 6-30
—— philosophy, rules of life are the outcome of, i. 208-210
Prophesying, drinking blood before, i. 34, 35
Propitiation of the fish, ii. 118, 119
Proserpine and the pig, ii. 44-49
Prussia, reverence for the oak in, i. 58;
high trees worshipped by the ancient Prussians, i. 64;
custom after a funeral by the old Prussians, i. 177;
self-immolation of the supreme ruler of the old Prussians, i. 223;
ceremony at spring ploughing in, i. 286;
corn drenching in, i. 287;
gardens of Adonis in, i. 294, 295;
harvest custom in, i. 336, 338, 343;
ceremony at the sowing of the winter corn by the Prussian Slavs, ii. 18,
19;
midsummer fire festival in, ii. 265
Puberty, girls at, not allowed to touch the ground or see the sun, ii.
225-253;
girls secluded at, ii. 225;
reasons for the seclusion, ii. 238 _sq._
Pulverbatch, oak tree superstition at, ii. 368
Punjaub, Gen. Nicholson worshipped by a sect in the, i. 41;
ceremony at the bursting of the cotton boles in the, i. 353;
custom at the festival of lamps, ii. 176
Purification after travel, i. 157, 158
Pyrenees, customs in the, i. 101
Quauhtitlans, human sacrifices by the, ii. 221
Queen of the sacred rites, i. 7
Queensland, initiatory rites in, ii. 343, 344
Quilacare, self-immolation of the king of, i. 224
Quoja, initiatory rites in, ii. 347
Ra, the sun-god, i. 313-316
Rain-charm, i. 93, 199, 287, 289, 299, 333, 374, 390, 400; ii. 42
—— kings of, i. 52, 53
—— making, i. 13-22
Rajah, custom at the death of a, i. 232
Rajah Vijyanagram, his aversion to iron, i. 174
Rajamahall, offerings of first-fruits in, ii. 374, 375
Rali fair, the, i. 276, 277
Ram, sacred, ii. 63;
Egyptian sacrifice of the, ii. 92-94;
consecration of the white ram by the Kalmucks, ii. 136
Ramin, harvest custom in, i. 377
Raskolniks, the, and mirrors, i. 147
Rattlesnake not killed, ii. 110
Ratzeburg, harvest custom in, i. 376, 377
Red cock, ii. 9
—— haired victims, i. 306, 307
Reflection, the soul in the, i. 145-148
Religion, marks of a primitive, i. 348, 349
—— and magic, relation of, i. 30-32
Religious aspect of Peruvian, Parthian and Egyptian sovereigns, i. 48-50
Resurrection, the, of animals, ii. 123-125;
traces in folk-tales of the belief in, ii. 125;
simulation of death and resurrection at initiatory rites, ii. 342-358
Rhetra, priest tastes the sacrificial blood at, i. 35
Rhön mountains, fire festivals in the, ii. 249
Rice-bride, the, i. 355
Rice harvest, ceremonies at the, ii. 71, 72
Rio de la Plata, seclusion of girls amongst the Indians of, ii. 230, 231
Roman cure for fever, ii. 152
—— haircutting custom, i. 199
Romans, tree worship by the, i. 99
Rome, ceremony of driving out the old Mars from, ii. 208-210
Romove, sacred oak at, i. 58, 64
Rook, expulsion of evil in the island of, ii. 158;
initiation festival, ii. 352
Rosenheim, harvest custom in, ii. 20
Roti, haircutting ceremony in the island of, i. 201, 205, 206
Rottenburg, midsummer ceremony in, ii. 266, 267
Roumanians, rain-making by the, i. 16;
custom after a death by the, i. 176;
corn-drenching by the, i. 286
Rowan, the, effective against witchcraft, ii. 361
Royal and priestly taboos, i. 109-120, 149-209
—— blood not spilt upon the ground, i. 179-183
Ruhla, springtide custom in, i. 88
Rupture, cure for, ii. 330
Russia, Whitsuntide customs in, i. 76, 77;
first-born sacrificed by the heathen in, i. 237;
Eastertide customs in Little Russia, i. 272, 273;
harvest custom in, i. 341;
ceremony on the cutting of the first sheaf in, i. 364;
Easter custom in White Russia, ii. 29;
Russian wood-spirits, ii. 35, 36;
Russian corn-spirits, ii. 36;
beating as a charm in, ii. 216;
midsummer customs in, ii. 265, 267
Ruthenia, fire festival in, ii. 265
Rye-boar, ii. 26, 27
—— goat, ii. 12
—— wolf, ii. 1-3, 5
Sabaea, kings of, not allowed out of their palaces, i. 164
Sabarios, festival of, ii. 69
Sables, superstition about killing, ii. 115
Sacaea festival at Babylon, i. 226, 400
Sacramental bread, traces of the use of, at Aricia, ii. 82-84
—— character of the harvest supper, corn-spirit eaten in animal form, ii.
31
—— killing of an animal, two types of the, ii. 134 _sq._
Sacramental killing of sacred animal by pastoral peoples, ii. 135-138
Sacraments in ancient Mexico, ii. 78, 79
Sacred cattle in Egypt, ii. 60, 61
—— persons’ vessels not to be used by others, i. 166;
sacred persons are dangerous, i. 166, 167;
not allowed to see the sun, ii. 225, 243 _note_;
not allowed to touch the ground, ii. 224, 243 _note_
Sacredness and uncleanness not distinguished by primitive man, i. 169-172
Sacrifices, human, i. 235-237, 251, 252
Sacrificial king, i. 7
Saddle Island, the reflection and the soul in the, i. 145
Saffron Walden, May-day custom in, i. 76
Sagar, influenza in, ii. 189, 190
Saligné, harvest custom in, i. 343
Salii, the, ii. 210 _note_
Salmon-catching, ii. 121, 122
Salza district, Shrove Tuesday custom in the, ii. 29
Salzwedel, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 90
Samoan gods, i. 39; ii. 54
Samoans, the, and bleeding trees, i. 61;
recall of the soul amongst the, i. 135;
turtle not eaten by the, i. 163;
Samoans and the butterfly, ii. 56;
presentation of first-fruits by the, ii. 381
Samogitians, tree superstition amongst the, i. 65;
birds and beasts of the wood held sacred by the, i. 105
Samorin kings, i. 225
Samoyed story, the external soul in a, ii. 321
Sankara and his shadow, i. 142
Santals, story of a soul by the, i. 126
Sardinia, Gardens of Adonis in, i. 290
Satyrs, representation of the, ii. 35
Savage, our debt to the, i. 210-212
Savage Island, kings killed in the, i. 48;
collapse of the monarchy in the, i. 118;
killing of strangers in the, i. 158
Savages and the soul, i. 121, 122
“Sawing the old woman,” i. 261, 262
Saxon villages, Whitsuntide custom in, i. 95
Saxons of Transylvania, charm for keeping sparrows from the corn used by
the, ii. 130
Saxony, Whitsuntide ceremonies in, i. 243
Scandinavian Christmas custom, ii. 29
Scapegoat, ii. 182-217;
animal employed as a, ii. 189-191, 194 _sq._;
human, ii. 191 _sq._;
dog used as a, ii. 194, 195;
Tibetan ceremony of the, ii. 197, 198;
divine, ii. 199-201, 205;
cow and bull as, ii. 201, 202;
use of, in classical antiquity, ii. 208-217;
reason for beating the, ii. 213-215
Schaumburg, Easter fires in, ii. 253
Schluckenau, Shrovetide custom in, i. 244
Scotland, representation of spring in the Highlands of, i. 97;
iron as a charm in, i. 175, 176;
harvest custom in, i. 339, 345;
cowherd clothed in cow’s hide in the Highlands of, ii. 145, 146;
midsummer fires in, ii. 264, 265
Scythian kings put in bonds in times of scarcity, i. 46
Sea-lion, respect for the, ii. 111
Seal, respect for the, ii. 111
Self-immolation, i. 216, 224
Semites, sacrifice of children by the, i. 235;
the king’s son sacrificed, _ib._;
worship of Adonis, i. 279
Senegambia, the Python clan in, ii. 95;
soul detention among the Sereres of, i. 139
Senjero, first-born sacrificed in, i. 236, 237
Servia, rain-making in, i. 16;
torchlight procession in, ii. 266
Seven Oaks, May-day custom in, i. 76
Sex-totems in Australia, ii. 334-337
Shadow, the soul in the, i. 141-149
Shamans, the, sacrifice their chief on account of pestilence, i. 48
Shans, expulsion of the fire-spirit by the, ii. 178, 179