I. Introduction 1
History of the Investigation 1
Physiography 1
Fauna and Flora of the Region 3
Description of the Site 5
Method of Excavation 5
Preliminary Discussion of the Stratigraphy 12
Objectives of the Monograph 15
II. The LoDaisKa Site: Features 17
III. The LoDaisKa Site: Typology 21
Method 21
Chipped Stone 22
Projectile points 22
Knives 34
Scrapers 42
Spoke-shaves 43
Drills 43
Perforators 51
“Gravers” 51
Other prismatic flakes 51
Choppers or hammerstones 54
Cores 55
Ground Stone 58
Milling stones 58
Handstones 58
Shaft-smoother 66
Pigment stones 67
Bone 69
Beads 69
Used bone fragments 69
Notched bone 69
Rib and scapulae cutting tools 69
Gaming pieces 69
Awls 73
Cut bone 74
Tools of antler and bone 74
Flakers 74
Problematical Objects 78
Mica fragments 78
Crystal 79
Clay Ball 79
Wood 79
Leather 79
Cordage 79
Pottery 82
Plain 82
Surface roughened 83
IV. Geology of the LoDaisKa Site by Chas. B. Hunt 89
V. Mechanical and Chemical Analysis of the Soils
of the LoDaisKa Site by R. J. Rodden 91
Introduction 91
Sampling 92
Results and Discussion 94
VI. Faunal Remains in the LoDaisKa Site by Edward Lewis, et al 100
Classification used in this report 102
VII. Plant Remains from the LoDaisKa Site by Walton C. Galinat:
additional identifications by M. C. Towle 104
VIII. Fossil Pollen and Spores from the LoDaisKa Site by
Donald R. Whitehead 114
IX. Ethnographic Comparisons 118
The Ute 119
The Pawnee 124
X. Dating the LoDaisKa Remains 128
XI. Reconstruction and Interpretation
Culture Complex A 128
Typological Affiliations 128
Cultural Reconstruction 130
Culture Complex B 132
Typological Affiliations 132
Cultural Reconstruction 134
Cultural Complex C 135
Typological Affiliations 135
Cultural Reconstruction 138
Culture Complex D 140
Typological Affiliations 140
Cultural Reconstruction 143
Other Remains 145
XII. Discussion 146
Traditions at LoDaisKa 146
The Site in a Larger Context 147
MAPS
_Figure_ _Page_
1—Area of study ii
66—Geologic Map of the LoDaisKa Site 90
74—Location of principal sites referred to in text 131