THE FUTURE OF JAPAN--NATIONAL--POLITICAL--ITS INFLUENCE ON THE WORLD
I have now come to my final chapter, in which I propose to offer some
remarks embodying my opinion as to the future of Japan from a national
and political standpoint, as also her influence upon the world
generally. The theme is a great one, and would require a volume for
its proper treatment. Obviously, therefore, it cannot be dealt with
other than cursorily in the few pages I am about to devote to it.
Readers of this book will, I think, have had borne in upon them the
fact that I am not only an ardent admirer of, but a believer in Japan
and the Japanese. I utterly scout the idea put forward by some writers
that what they have taken on of Western civilisation is either a veneer
or a varnish, or that the advancement of the nation resembles the
growth of the mushroom and is no more stable. I regard the Japanese as
a serious people and the nation as having a serious purpose. If I did
not there would be no need for me to dilate upon its future, for the
simple reason that its future would be incomprehensible, and
accordingly be absolutely impossible to forecast. As it is, it appears
to me that the future of Japan is as plain as the proverbial
pike-staff. I say this with a full knowledge of the dangers attendant
on prophecy and the risk to the reputation of the vaticinator should
events prove that he was mistaken in his prevision or erroneous in his
conclusions.
I have traced in these pages what I may term the national development
of Japan; how, after two and a half centuries of isolation, it,
recognising the force of circumstances, determined to impose upon its
own ancient civilisation all that was best in that of the West, and,
having so determined, took practical and effective steps to that end.
What is to be the result of it all, the result, that is to say, not
upon a few thousands, or hundreds of thousands, of Japanese, but upon
the nation as a whole? Will these accretions on the old civilisation
of the land mould and influence and alter the people generally, or
will the effect be circumscribed and merely develop a class standing
out apart from the great body of the people and affecting a
superiority because of its Western culture? In my opinion the result
will be not partial, but universal, though not immediate. There are,
of course, large portions of Japan, many millions of its population,
upon whom the opening up of the country has, as yet had little, if
any, effect. Many of the Japanese people have hardly ever seen a
foreigner, or, if they have, have viewed him with no little curiosity.
They certainly have not realised, and possibly have not suspected, the
effect which foreign influences are likely to have upon this Land of
the Rising Sun. But influences, we know, may be effective without
being felt, and I am convinced, from what I have seen and heard and
the investigations I have been enabled to make, that the Japan of
to-day is not only in transition--in rapid transition--but that its
evolution is sure and certain, and that the result thereof will be the
ultimate development of a nation which will assuredly impress the
world and will very probably have a much more potent effect upon it
than mere numbers would account for. It is the building up of a nation
such as this that I confidently look forward to in the future. We of
this generation may not, probably will not, live to see it--we
certainly shall not in its ultimate development--but we can already
see at work the forces which are to produce it, and the eye of faith,
of a reasonable faith, built not on mere surmise or ardent hopes, but
upon the expectation of a reasonable issue to the factors at work
producing it, assures us that the Japan of the future will, as I have
said, be a nation whose light will shine, and shine brilliantly,
before the whole world.
And as regards the political future of this wonderful country, I feel
I can speak with equal confidence. What a marvellous change has come
over this land, or our conception of this land, since the first
British Minister resident there penned his impressions on approaching
it. "A cluster of isles," he remarked, "appeared on the farthest verge
of the horizon, apparently inhabited by a race at once grotesque and
savage--not much given to hospitality, and rather addicted to
martyrising strangers of whose creed they disapproved. Thus much stood
out tolerably distinctly, but little else that was tangible. Severance
from all social ties, isolation from one's kind, and a pariah
existence, far away from all centres of civilisation--far beyond the
utmost reach of railroad or telegraph--came much more vividly before
me; and in Rembrandt masses of shade, with but one small ray of light,
just enough to give force and depth to the whole--a sense of duty, a
duty that _must_ be done, whether pleasant or otherwise, and about
which there was no choice. What a world of anxiety and doubt the
consciousness of this saves us!" This exordium reads more like the
utterance of a man being led out to execution than a Minister going to
a country possessing an ancient civilisation--a civilisation which had
had its effect on every phase of the national life. What would not
many of us now give to have been in the place of Sir Rutherford
Alcock, visiting this land shortly after it had been opened after 250
years of isolation! How we should revel in its artistic treasures,
which had not then been dispersed all over the world; and what
pleasure we should have taken in seeing feudalism otherwise than in
the pages of history! And yet Sir Rutherford Alcock was only
expressing the opinions of his time. He could see nothing in Japan but
a grotesque and uncivilised people whom the Western nations had to
deal with in a peremptory manner. What a change there has been in the
intervening forty-four years! Japan now stands out prominently among
the nations, her political future appears to be secure, and it is none
the less secure because of the difficulties she has encountered and
overcome in attaining her present position. I emphasise all the more
readily her present and future political position since, as I have
previously observed in this book, I believe that that position will be
one exercised for the good of the world. I look upon Japan as a great
civilising factor in the future of the human race because, strong
though she is and stronger though she will become, I am positive that
her strength will never be put forward for any selfish aims or from
any improper motives. It is for this reason that I welcome the
alliance with Great Britain. I hope that alliance will not be limited
to any term of years, but will be extended indefinitely, because in it
I see a prospect and an assurance for the peace of the world.
Inseparable from any allusion to the political future of Japan is
some consideration of the influence that she is likely to exercise
upon the world generally. Any person taking up an atlas and looking at
the position occupied by Japan must, if he is of a thoughtful
disposition, be impressed by it. Take the question of the Pacific--one
which, in view of the change in the policy of the United States of
recent years, must assume considerable importance in the future. There
are various factors which must be taken into account here. The
construction of the Panama Canal is one, the completion of the
Siberian Railway another, the development of Canada and the completion
of the railway lines that now penetrate nearly every part of that vast
dominion is a third. Japan is now, in fact, the very centre of three
great markets--those of Europe, Asia, and America. In the struggle for
the mastery of the Pacific, which appears certain to come, and will
probably come sooner than many people suppose, Japan is certain to
take a momentous part. Not only in respect of her own islands, but in
reference to the great island of Formosa, ceded to her by China as the
outcome of the war with that Power, Japan occupies a unique and a most
important position in the Pacific. As regards the mastery of the
Pacific, in reference to which so much has been written and so much
speculation, a large amount of it unprofitable, has been indulged, I
shall say but little. On the shores of the Pacific Russia still
remains a power, which, though defeated by Japan, is still one of
considerable importance. On the other side of the ocean there is the
United States, which, as some persons think, has given hostages to
fortune by annexing the Philippine Islands. England, moreover, claims
consideration in respect not only of her possessions in the Straits
Settlements, Hong Kong, &c., but by reason of her great Navy and, I
may add, her alliance with Japan. Then, too, there are China, and, if
of less importance, France and Germany. Of all these Japan, in my
opinion, occupies the commanding position. She not only occupies the
commanding position, but she is, I think, from various causes, bound
to play a great part in the future mastery of the Pacific.
It is apparent that in the attainment and assertion of that mastery
naval power must have a great and predominant part, and it is to the
development of her naval power that Japan is devoting all her
energies. Like Great Britain, from whom she has learned many lessons
in this respect, she sees that an island empire can only maintain its
position by possessing an overpowering naval force. As I have said
before, I am fully convinced of the fact that in the development of
her Navy, as of her Army, Japan has no aggressive designs. Her
aspiration is the security and prevention from invasion of her island
and the preservation of her national independence. At the same time,
situated as she is in the great Pacific Ocean, she has palpably, from
her position, rights and responsibilities and duties outside the
immediate confines of her Empire. That, I think, will be admitted by
any one. The phrase, "spheres of influence" has become somewhat
hackneyed of recent years, and it has occasionally been used to give
colour to aggressive designs. There may, too, be people who would say
that spheres of influence is not a term that can properly be applied
to a great water-way such as the Pacific. I am not, however, on the
present occasion arguing with pedants. What I desire is to broadly
emphasise the fact that in the future of the Pacific--those
innumerable isles dotted here and there over its surface, Japan is a
factor that cannot be left out of account. Year by year her position
there is increasing in importance. Steamers ply to her ports weekly
from Vancouver and San Francisco. The Japanese population are
emigrating to the Pacific shores of America, the trade and commerce of
Japan with the American Continent are growing and broadening.
Everything in fact tends to show that within a comparatively short
space of time Japan will have asserted her position, not only as a
Great World Power, but as a great commercial nation in the Pacific.
What is to be the outcome of it all? is the question that will
naturally arise to the mind. I think that one outcome of it will be,
as I have shown, the capture by Japan of the Chinese trade, if not in
its entirety, at any rate in a very large degree. Another outcome
will, I believe, be the enormous development of Japanese trade with
both the United States and Canada. Some people may remark that these
are not essentially political matters, and that I am somewhat
wandering from my point in treating of them in connection with the
influence of Japan upon the world generally. I do not think so. A
nation may assert its influence and emphasise its importance to just
as great an extent by its trade as by the double-dealings of diplomacy
or by other equally questionable methods. Of one thing I am convinced,
and that is that the influence of Japan upon the rest of the world
will be a singularly healthy one. That country has fortunately struck
out for itself, in diplomacy as in other matters, a new line. It has
not behind it any traditions, nor before it prejudices wherewith to
impede its progress. The diplomacy of Japan will, accordingly, be
conducted in a straightforward manner, and its record so far in this
respect has, I think, provided a splendid object-lesson for the rest
of the world. The influence of Japan upon the other nations will I
hope, as I believe, continue to be of a healthy nature. If that
country sets forth prominently the fact that while aspiring to be
great, it possesses none of those attributes that we have previously
associated with great nations, the attributes of greed, covetousness,
aggressiveness, and overbearing--an arrogant attitude in regard to
weaker Powers, it will have performed a notable service in the history
of the world. For myself I have no doubt whatever that Japan will
teach this lesson, and in teaching it will have justified the great
place that she has attained among the nations of the earth.
I have now concluded the task that I set before myself. My readers
must be judges as to the measure of success, if any, I have attained
in it. To attempt a survey of the past, present, and future of a great
and ancient nation within the limited space at my disposal has been by
no means easy. Every subject I have had under consideration has
invited discursiveness, and tempted me to linger and dilate upon it,
and it alone. The fascination of Japan must be upon every one, or
almost every one, who writes about it, and that fascination is, I may
observe, like the art of the country, catholic. Whether we deeply and
exhaustively investigate one subject and one subject only, or take a
hurried glance at every or almost every subject, we feel a glamour in
respect of this wonderful country and its equally wonderful people.
While I have endeavoured to prevent this fascination, this glamour,
affecting my judgment, I am not ashamed to plead guilty to, but am, in
fact, rather proud of it. Indeed, I shall feel gratified if a perusal
of this book induces a few persons here and there to study still more
deeply the history, the religion, the art of Japan, and the whole
trend of events in that country during the past forty years. Every
phase of the national life lends itself to investigation, and will, I
feel sure, reward the investigator. He will, unless he be a person of
a singularly unemotional disposition, utterly lacking in all those
finer feelings which especially distinguish man from the brutes,
hardly fail of being, before he has proceeded far in his
investigations, quickly under the alluring influences of this Far
Eastern land, entering heartily, zealously, and enthusiastically into
its national life and the developments thereof in all their various
ramifications.
The fascination that Japan has exercised upon writers such as Arnold
and Hearn is what it does, though no doubt in a smaller degree, upon
less gifted men. It is given to few to drink in and absorb the subtle
charm of the country so thoroughly and express it so graphically and
delicately, with such beauty and power and withal so much truth as
have those brilliant men. I regard this great and growing fascination
of Occidentals for this fair Eastern land and its inhabitants as a
long step in the direction of the realisation of the brotherhood of
man; that ideal state of things which we hope for so expectantly,
longingly, perhaps too often sceptically; that happy time when
national prejudices, jealousies, and animosities will have faded into
oblivion, when nations by the simple process of studying one another,
as Japan has been studied of recent years, will get to understand one
another, when the literature and art of nations will be no longer
merely national, but world possessions, when wars shall have ceased
and the policy of aggression have come to be regarded as an evil
thing, when, in a word, the brotherhood of man shall be no longer an
idle dream, a mere speculative aspiration which no practical person
ever expected to see realised, but an actuality within measurable
distance of being accomplished. All these things may as yet be dreams,
but let us dream them. The more they are dreamed, the more likely is
the prospect of their realisation. One thing at least fills me with
ardent hope, and that is the Japan, as I see it to-day, compared with
the Japan of forty years ago. If such an upheaval is possible for one
nation, who shall put any bounds to the potentialities of the world?
So let us dream our dreams, and in our waking moments cast afar our
eyes upon the land of the Rising, aye, now the Risen Sun, take heart
and dream again in quiet confidence that some day, in some future
reincarnation, mayhap, we shall witness the realisation of our hopes,
and see that after all our dreams were merely an intelligent
anticipation of the glad time coming.
INDEX
A
Acrobatic performances, 199
Actresses, 199
Adams, Will, 5
Advancement, Intellectual, 279, 285
Physical, 279
Moral, 279, 281
Advertising in newspapers, 205
Agriculture, Thunberg's account of, 8
System of, 23
Ainos, the, 37, 170, 250
Aino Preservation Society, 251
Alcock, Sir Rutherford, 6, 272, 273, 291
Alloys, making of, 157
America, United States of, 293
Amusements of Japanese, 68
Ancestor worship, 73
Arboriculture, 86
Archery, 72
Architecture, 167
Art in, 167, 175
Modern, 173
Korean, 172
Arita, 142
Army, Japanese, 117
Armour, 154
Arnold, Sir Edwin, 193, 194, 267, 296
Art, Japanese, 131, 149
Art in Architecture, 175
Art Treasures, 165
Artistic ideals, 163
Artists, Japanese, 133
Lacquer 137
Asiatic Continent, proximity to, 17
Aston, Mr., 194
Athletics, 113
B
Banks, Japanese, 97
European, 97
Baths, 65, 75
Bathing, mixed, abolished, 282
Bear, black, 27
Bedding, 65
Bells, 153
Beresford, Lord Charles, 229
Bills, Treasury, 94
Bird, Miss, 212, 217
Birds, 27
Bizen ware, 144, 145
Bon Matsuri, 71
"Break-up of China," 229
Brinkley, Captain, 207
Bronze work, 153
Bungo, Prince of, 2
Buddha, statues of, 151
Buddhism, 39, 40, 41
Influences of, 48, 77
Buddhist religion, commandments of, 42
C
"Capital of the Tycoon," 6, 272, 273
Canada, 292
Castles, feudal, 171
Cavalry, 171
Lack of horses, 26
Cemeteries, 73
Ceramic ware, 140
Decoration of, 145
Cereals, 23
Ceremonies, tea, 141
Chamberlain, Basil Hall, 44, 131, 152, 250
Chastity of women, 217
Children, 67
Attendance at school, 104
China, 221
War with, 93, 208
Japanisation of, 224
Awakening of, 229
China ware, _see_ Porcelain and Pottery
Chinese indemnity, 228
legal system, 186
Chiuzenji, Lake, 26
Christenings, 72
Christian Missions, 46, 47, 239, 256
Christianity, conversion of Japanese to, 3, 261
Cleanliness of people, 75
Climate, 19
Clothing of Japanese, 68
Coal, 22
College, Police, and Prison, 188
Commerce, 80
Commercial morality, 236
Community, foreign, 235, 239
Confucianism, 39
Conscription, system of, 119
Constitution of Japan, 49, 58, 59
Copper, 157
Copper ware, 153
Costume, Japanese, 161
Cotton, 23
Court, Supreme, of China and Japan, 231
Courts, Consular, 231
Courts, Japanese, 234, 235
Crane, Walter, 132
Curios, 161
Curriculum, school, 105
D
Dai Butsus, 151
Daimios, 51, 139, 155, 158, 185
Dalny, 17
Daynogawa, River, 26
Death penalty, 190
Debates, parliamentary, 57
Debt, National, 91, 95
Decoration of ceramic ware, 145
De Fonblanque, 138
Descent of Japanese Sovereigns, 52
Development of Japan, 289
Dickins, F. V., 232, 240
Diet, Imperial Japanese, 52, 53
Diosy, Mr. Arthur, 213
Diplomacy, methods of, 294
Diseases, 20, 66
Douglas, Admiral Sir A. L., 126
Drama, the Japanese, 193, 198
Dress of the Japanese, 68
Dresser, Dr., 168, 169
Dutch, their settlement at Decima, 3, 25, 134, 142
Duties, Customs, 233
E
Earthenware, _see_ Pottery and Porcelain
Earthquakes, 19
Education, 102
Education, Board of, 103
Electors, Japanese, qualifications of, 55
Electoral districts, 55
Elgin, Lord, 124
Embroidery, silk and satin, 161
Emperor, 51, 52
Position of, 60
English officers, 125
Espionage, elaborate system of, 10
Europeans in Japan, 230
Europeanising of Japan, 230
Evergreens, Japanese, 24
Exports and Imports, 81, 83
Expulsion of foreigners from Japan, 3
F
Fascination of Japan, 295, 296
Fauna of Japan, 27
Feast of Dolls, 71
of Flags, 70
Festivals and feasts, 69
Feudal system in Japan, 50
_Financial and Economical Annual_, 91
Fish, 24
Flora of Japan, 24
Flowers, 73
Food, 66
Foreigners in Japan, 231
Foreign community, 235, 239
Foreign market, manufacture of articles for, 146
Foreign troops in Japan, 234
Forests, 22, 86
Formosa, 17, 292
France, 293
Fruit, Japanese, 23
Fuji-yama, 18, 138
Furniture, household, 65
Future of Japan, 274
Political, 279, 288, 290
National, 288
G
Gardens, Japanese, 75
Geisha, the, 213
Generals, Japanese, 122
Germany, 225, 293
German Emperor, 222
Girls, schools for, 106, 114
Gold, 157
Gordon, General, 228
Government, constitution of, 52
Great Britain, 207, 293
Gregory XIII., mission from Japan to, 3
Griffis, 155
Grotesque in Japanese art, 135, 145
H
Hair, Mr. Thomas, 55
Hakodate, 18, 254, 256
Battle of, 125
Hara-kiri, 154, 265
Harbours, 21
Harvest festival, 70
Hawes, Lieut. A. G. S., R.M.L.I., 126
Health of the people, 20
Hearn, Lafcadio, 152, 258, 267, 296
Heian period, 195
Hill, Dr. G. Birnie, R.N., 128
History, Japanese, 1
Hizen ware, 145
Holidays in Japan, 69
Hong-Kong, 292
Honshiu, 17
Horses, 26, 121
Houses, Japanese, 64, 170
I
Images, carving of, 158
Imari ware, 140, 142
Industries, 80
Influence of Japan, 279, 288
Inland Sea, 21
Intellectual advancement, 279, 285
Iron, 157
Irrigation, 23
Ise ware, 140
Ito, Marquis, 81
Ivory, carvings in, 149
Iwasaki, Mr., 129
J
Japan, Constitution of, 49, 58, 59
Development of, 289
English newspapers in, 207
Europeans in, 230
Europeanising of, 230
Expulsion of foreigners from, 3
Fascination of, 295, 296
Fauna of, 27
Feudal system in, 50
Flora of, 24
for the Japanese, 242
Foreigners in, 231
Foreign troops in, 234
Future of, 274, 279, 288, 290
Holidays in, 69
Missionaries in, 46, 47, 239, 256
Naval Officer's description of, 11
Occidentilation of, 269
Portuguese visits to, 2
Present position of, 263
Press, "Yellow," in, 206
Religions of, 39
Tourists in, 26, 241
Trade of China, capture by, 227, 294
Transition of, 274
Vice in, 212, 217
Young, 270, 287
_Japan Times_, the, 202
Japanese, amusements of, 68
Army, 117
art, 131, 149
artists, 133
banks, 97
Conversion of, to Christianity, 3, 261
Clothing of, 68
Constitution of, 49, 58, 59
costume, 161
courts, 234, 235
Descent of Sovereigns, 52
Diet, Imperial, 52, 53
drama, 193, 198
Dress of, 68
electors, qualifications of, 55
evergreens, 24
fruit, 23
gardens, 75
Generals, 122
grotesque in art, 135, 145
history, 1
houses, 64, 170
language, 33, 34, 109
legal system, 187
literature, 37, 193
morality, 13, 211
commercial, 236, 283
Navy, 117, 123
oligarchy, 61
paper, 87
Parliament, 56
people, 63
pictures, 158
pillow, 65
plays, 199
Psychology of, 264
race, 29, 30
schools, 104
subjects, 53
Jinrickshas, 182
K
Kaemfer, 5, 30, 39, 153
Kaga ware, 140, 144
Kakemonos, 65, 160
Ken sect, 44
Kiushiu, 17
Kobe, 25
Korea, 172, 262
Korean architecture, 172
potters, 141
Kumoto, Mr., 202, 203
Kurile Isles, 17
Kutania ware, 145
Kyoto, 25, 158, 181
Kyoto ware, 140, 144, 145
L
Labour question, 88
organisations, 88
_Labour World_ newspaper, 88
Lacquer, 135
artists, 137
Language, Japanese, characteristics of, 33
Origin of, 34
Educational difficulties, 109
Law and order, 185
Legal system, Japanese, 187
Letters, number posted, 178
Literature, Japanese, 37, 193
Loans, 90, 92
Loo-Choo Islands, 17
Loti, Pierre, 213
Luxury, absence of, 74
M
Macao, 142
Machinery, manufacture of, 81
"Madame Chrysantheme," 213
Magazines, 207
Makimonos, 160
Manufactures, 83
Marco Paolo, 1
Marks on pottery and porcelain, 148
Marriages, 72
Matches, 96
Mercantile Marine, 129
Metals, 21, 157
Metal work, 153
workers, 156
industries, decline in, 157
Metallurgists, 152
Mikado, 50, 51; also _see_ Emperor
Mineral wealth, 21, 157
Minister, British, at Japanese Court, 239
Missionaries in Japan, 46, 47, 239, 256
in China, 225
Mitake, Mount, 18
Mitsui, house of, 97
Mitsui Bussan Kwiasha, 99
Mitsu Bishi Company, 129
Monkey, red-faced, 27
Morality, Japanese, 13, 211
Commercial, 236, 283
Moral advancement, 279, 281
Moral code, educational, 110
Mountains, 18
Municipalities, European, 232
Music, 69
N
Nagasaki, 21, 25
Nagoya, 25
Castle at, 171
Nara, Temple of, 167
Navy, Japanese, 117, 123
Naval officer's description of Japan, 11
Netsukes, 149, 150
"New Far East," 213
New Year's Day, 69
Newspapers, 89, 200
Circulation of, 205
English, in Japan, 207
News agencies, 204
Nikko, 26
Pagoda at, 169
Temples at, 173, 174
Nippon, 17
Nippon Yusen Kaisha, 129
"Noh," the, 200
Notes, bank, 93
O
Oligarchy, Japanese, 61
Oxen, 27
P
Pacific, mastery of, 292
Pagodas, 171
Painting, 158
Schools of, 159
Western influences on, 159
Panama Canal, 292
Paper, Japanese, 87
Paper money, 13
Parkes, Sir Harry, 240
Life of, 240
Parliament, Japanese, 56
Parties and party system, 58
Passports, 233
Peers, House of, 53
People, Japanese, life and habits, 63
Petroleum, 86
Phallic worship, 281
Philippine Islands, 292
Philologists and Japanese language, 33
Philosophers, English, widely read, 284, 285
Philosophy of life, 78
Physical advancement, 279
Physical features of country, 17
Physique, 112
Pictures, Japanese, 158
Pigs, 27
Pillow, Japanese, 65
Plays, Japanese, 199
Poetry, 194
in newspapers, 205
Police, 188
Political future, 279
Population, 17
Porcelain, 140, 142, 145
Modern, 147
Marks on, 148
Port Arthur, 17
Portuguese visits to Japan, 2
Postal service, 177
orders, 178
Post-office business, 178
Savings Bank, 179
Post-offices, foreign, 232
Potters, Korean, 141
Pottery, 140
Marks on, 148
Press, "Yellow," in Japan, 206
Functions of, 210
Newspaper, 202
Prisons, 189
Prison system, 190
Privy Council, 59
Prostitution, 215, 283
_Punch_, Yokohama, 209
Punishments, 190
Psychology of Japanese, 264
R
Race, Japanese, its origin, 29
Theories regarding, 30
Railways, 25, 176
Raku ware, 140, 145
Rein, Professor, 19
Religions of Japan, 39
influence on people, 76
Representatives, House of, 53, 55
Resources of country, 90
Revenue, 101
Revolution of 1868, 21, 165, 186, 197, 203
_Rhus Vernicifera_, 22, 138
Rice, 23, 84
Rivers, 19
Royal Family, style and address of, defined, 59
Russia, 292
Russia, war with, 120, 127, 221
Ryder, Admiral Sir A. P., 240
S
Sake, 25
St. Francis Xavier, 2, 41, 45, 47, 134, 260, 261, 271
Sakhalin, 17, 18
Salt, 87
Samurai, 155, 236, 283
San Francisco, 294
Satin embroidery, 161
Satsuma, Prince of, 134
ware, 140, 143, 144, 145
Savings Banks, Post-office, 179
Scabbards, sword, 155
Scenery, 25
Schools, Japanese, 104
for girls, 106, 114
Higher, 107
Technical, 108
of painting, 159
of progressive art, 147
Sculpture, 149
Seto ware, 145
Shampooing, 75
Sheep, 27
Shiba, temples at, 158, 173, 174
Shikoku, 17
Shingon Yoko sect, 44
Shinto temples, 45
Shintoism, 39, 40, 41
Influences of, 48, 77
Shirakawa, Emperor, 42
Shogun, 51
Shrines, 77
Siberian railway, 292
Silk, 83
embroidery, 161
-worms, 84
Silver, 157
Smoking, 66
Snakes, 27
Social intercourse, 237
Socialism, 89
State, 82
Spheres of influence, 293
_Stonewall Jackson_, 125
Straits Settlements, 292
Sugar, 87
Subjects, Japanese, rights and duties of defined, 53
Swords, 154
Abolition of wearing of, 155
Accessories, 156
Sword-makers, 155
T
Tea, 24, 95
ceremonies, 141
houses, 24
industry, 86
Tea Traders' Association, 85
Telegrams, 180
Telegraphs, 179
Telephones, 180
Temperature of Japan, 20
Temples, Buddhist, 171, 173, 174
Shinto, 171
Some Buddhist, a visit to, 244
Construction of, 158
Tendai sect, 44
Territoriality, extra, 232, 235
Theatre, 68, 199
"Things Japanese," 131
Thunberg, 6
Tin, 157
Tobacco, 66, 82, 86, 149
Tokio, 20, 25, 181
Tokugawa period, 191
Tooth-powder, 162
Tourists in Japan, 26, 241
Trade, 80
Chinese, capture by Japan, 227, 294
Traders, 236, 237
Tramways, 181
Transition of Japan, 274
Treasures, art, 165, 168
Trees, 22
Tsu-shima, 18, 240
Turanian race, 33
Tycoon, 11, 12, 13, 51
Typhoons, 21
U
Utilitarianism in art, 143
"Unbeaten Tracks in Japan," 212
United States of America, 293
export of tea to, 85
University, Imperial, 107
Universities, 107, 116
V
Vancouver, 294
Vice in Japan, 212, 217
Vladivostock, 18
Volcanoes, 18
W
War with China, 93, 208
Russia, 120, 127, 221
Ware, ceramic, 140
Wergman Mr., 209
Whistler, Mr., 160
White peril, 227
Wild animals, 27
Wild birds, 27
Wilson, Admiral Sir A. K., 126
Wolf, 27
Women, position of, 67
Wrestling, 72
X
Xavier, St. Francis, 2, 41, 45, 47, 134, 260, 261, 271
Y
"Yellow peril," the, 222, 226
Yesso, 17, 250
Yokohama, 25, 234
Yokosko, dockyard at, 123
Yomuri, 202
Yoshiwara, 215, 216, 218, 220, 239
Young Japan, 270, 287
The Gresham Press,
UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED.
WOKING AND LONDON.
Transcriber's Note
Minor punctuation errors have been repaired. Hyphenation and use of
accents has been made consistent. Archaic spelling has been preserved
as printed. Index items have been made consistent with the main text.
The following amendments have been made:
Page 17--Kiusiu amended to Kiushiu--"... Honshiu,
Shikoku, Kiushiu, and Yesso, besides some thousands of
smaller isles."
Page 22--aboreal amended to arboreal--"... there can be
no question as to the value of its arboreal products."
Page 48--opprobious amended to opprobrious--"...
whatever its precise meaning, is invariably intended to
be opprobrious!"
Page 202--Zumoto amended to Kumoto--"Mr. Kumoto, editor
of the _Japan Times_, ..."
Page 245--whisperered amended to whispered--"... and
with bowed head whispered her morning prayer."
Illustrations have been moved where necessary so that they are not in
the middle of a paragraph. The frontispiece illustration has been
moved to follow the title page.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Empire of the East, by H. B. Montgomery