NEMOURS.
“Who knows Nemours,” wrote Balzac, “knows that nature there is as
beautiful as art,” and again he dwells upon the charm of the sleepy
little town memorialized in “Ursule Mirouët.”
The delicious valley of Loing indeed fascinated Balzac almost as much as
his beloved Touraine.
As his recently published letters to Madame Hanska have shown us,
several of his greatest novels were written in this neighbourhood,
whilst in the one named above we have a setting as striking as that of
“Eugenie Grandet” or “Béatrix.” A ten minutes’ railway journey brings
us to Nemours, one of the few French towns, by the way, in which Arthur
Young lost his temper. Here is his own account of the incident:--
“Sleep at Nemours, where we met with an innkeeper who exceeded in
knavery all we had met with, either in France or Italy: for supper,
we had a _soupe maigre_, a partridge and a chicken roasted, a plate of
celery, a small cauliflower, two bottles of poor _vin du Pays_, and a
dessert of two biscuits and four apples: here is the bill:--Potage
1 liv. 10f.--Perdrix 2 liv. 10f.--Poulet 2 liv.--Céleri 1 liv.
4f.--Choufleur 2 liv.--Pain et dessert 2 liv.--Feu et appartement 6
liv.--Total 19 liv. 8f. Against so impudent an extortion we remonstrated
severely but in vain. We then insisted on his signing the bill, which,
after many evasions, he did, _à l’étoile, Foulliare_. But having
been carried to the inn, not as the star, but the _écu de France_, we
suspected some deceit: and going out to examine the premises, we found
the sign to be really the _écu_, and learned on enquiry that his own
name was Roux, instead of _Foulliare_: he was not prepared for this
detection, or for the execration we poured on such infamous conduct; but
he ran away in an instant and hid himself till we were gone. In justice
to the world, however, such a fellow ought to be marked out.”
I confess I do not myself find such charges excessive. From a very
different motive, Nemours put me as much out of temper as it had done
my great predecessor a hundred years before. Will it be believed that a
town memorialized by the great, perhaps _the_ greatest, French novelist,
could not produce its title of honour, in other words a copy of “Ursule
Mirouët”?
This town of 4,000 and odd souls and chef-lieu of department does not
possess a bookseller’s shop. We did indeed see in a stationer’s window
one or two penny books, among these an abridged translation of “Uncle
Tom’s Cabin.” But a friendly wine merchant, who seemed to take my
reproaches very much to heart, assured us that in the municipal library
all Balzac’s works were to be found, besides many valuable books dealing
with local history.
Cold comfort this for tourists who want to buy a copy of the Nemours
story! As we stroll about the grass-grown streets, we feel that
railways, telephones and the rest have very little changed Nemours since
Balzac’s descriptions, written three-quarters of a century ago.
The sweet and pastoral surroundings of the place are in strong contrast
with the sordid next-of-kin peopling the pages of his romance. Beyond
the fine old church of rich grey stone, you obtain as enchanting a
view as the valley of the Loing can show, a broad, crystal-clear river
winding amid picturesque architecture, richest and most varied foliage,
ash and weeping willow mingling with deeper-hued beech and alder. It is
difficult, almost impossible, to describe the charm of this riverside
scenery. In one passage of his novel, Balzac compares the view to the
scenery of an opera, and in very truth every feature forms a whole so
harmonious as to suggest artistic arrangement.
Nature and accident have effected the happiest possible combination
of wood, water and building stone. Nothing is here to mar the complete
picture. Grandly the cathedral-like church and fine old château stand
out to-day against the brilliant sky, soft grey stone and dark brown
making subdued harmonies. Formerly Nemours was surrounded by woods,
hence its name. People are said to attain here a very great age, life
being tranquil and the nature of the people somewhat lethargic.
Amongst the more energetic inhabitants are a lady dentist and her
sister, who between them do a first rate business.
French peasants never dream of indulging in false teeth; such an idea
would never enter the head of even the richest. But an aching tooth
interferes with the labours of the farm, and must be got rid of at
any cost. This young lady _chirurgien et dentiste_, such is the name
figuring on her door plate, is not only most expert in using the
forceps, but is attractive and pretty.
Her charges are two francs for a visit or operation; in partnership
with her is a sister who does the accounts, and as nuns and sisters
of charity unprovided with certificates are no longer allowed to draw
teeth, act as midwives and cut off limbs, country doctors and dentists
of either sex have now a fair chance.
No town in this part of France suffered more during the German invasion.
The municipal authorities had at first decided upon making a bold stand,
thus endeavouring to check the enemy’s advance on Paris. Differences
of opinion arose, prudential counsels prevailed, and it was through a
mistaken order that a Prussian detachment was attacked near the town.
The consequences were appalling. The station was burned to the ground,
enormous contributions in money and material were exacted from the town,
some of the authorities were made to travel on the railways with
the invaders, and others were carried off to remote fortresses of
Brandenburg and there kept as prisoners for nine months.
The account of all these incidents, written by a victim, may be
consulted in a volume of the town library.
If people frequently attain the age of a hundred in Nemours, as I was
assured, it is rather due to placid temperament than to intellectual
torpor. The town possesses learned societies, and a member of its
archaeological association has published a book of great local interest
and value, viz:--“Nemours, Temps Géologiques, Temps Préhistoriques,
Temps Historiques, par E. Doigneau, Membre de la Société Archéologique
de Seine-et-Marne, Ancien Vice Président de la section de Fontainebleau,
Paris.”
Strange to say, although this neighbourhood has offered a rich field for
prehistoric research, Nemours as yet possesses no museum, I do verily
believe the first French town of any size I have ever found in France
without one at least in embryo. For the cyclist the run from Bourron
to Nemours is delightful, on the hottest day in the year spinning along
broad well-wooded roads, with lovely perspectives from time to time.